The manufacturing technology of stalk fungal starter and straw biological fermented feedTechnical field: the present invention relates to the microbial fermentation field, the manufacturing technology of particularly a kind of stalk fungal starter and straw biological fermented feed.
Background technology: China is large agricultural country, the wide material sources of stalk class mainly are cornstalk, straw, wheat straw, beanstalk, millet straw, sorghum stalks and various tendrils etc., produce stalk per year and reach 800,000,000 tons more than, wherein as feed less than 20%, the overwhelming majority is burnt, and not only wastes resource and contaminated environment, make feed with stalk, both can reduce pollution, can turn waste into wealth again, problem such as solve present feed resource deficiency, cost an arm and a leg.In addition, can suit measures to local conditions, gather materials on the spot.The development and utilization straw feed is had a large population and a few land to solving China energetically, the grain aggregate deficiency, and the animal husbandry of development grain-saving type has the meaning and the wide development prospect of particular importance.
The stalk crude fiber content mostly all more than 30%, crude protein content 2-8% only, the minerals and vitamins wretched insufficiency, volume is big, quality is thick and stiff, palatability is poor, non-digestible, can directly utilize nutrient few, but it contain 70% carbohydrate, if take some rational treatment technologies to improve its nutritive value, stalk will become the main energy feed of ruminant domestic animal.
The main cause that the stalk digestibility is low is that lignin in stalk uronic acid side chain and the hemicellulose by xylan links together in the mode of covalent bond, form the frame structure of half fiber-lignin, and therein with the cellulose network, hinder the ruminant tumor gastric microbial enzyme to cellulosic digest and decompose as one barrier, thereby influenced digesting and assimilating of stalk.
In order to destroy the lignifying structure of stalk, scientific worker both domestic and external, after deliberation processing methods such as physics, chemistry, biology improve the effective rate of utilization of stalk, wherein modulator approach such as ammonification and green grass or young crops (yellow, little) storage makes the utilization rate of stalk and feeding value all obtain bigger raising, but influences the popularization of straw ensiling and ammonification and the extensive utilization of stalk resource in actual production process for various reasons.
The raw material of ammoniated forage is preferably dry straw.And the utilization rate of ammonia is low; In ammonifying process, the utilization rate of the oxygenatedchemicals of injection has only 20-30%, thereby has caused the waste of resource; When feeding ammoniated forage, unemployed ammonia must be discharged in the air, thereby can cause certain pollution, the health to domestic animal and people also has certain harm simultaneously; Every ammonification 1t stalk needs urea 40kg approximately, compares with other processing method, drops into higher; The milk cow ammoniated forage of feeding makes milk have peculiar smell sometimes, reduces the quality of milk; Calf, the lamb ammoniated forage of taking food in a large number, or when feeding domestic animal, surplus ammonia is not dispersed, all can produce intoxicating phenomenon.
The ensilage raw material only limits to use fresh ensilage.Ensilage is in the ensilage of reality, often owing to applied ensilage raw material type, freshness difference, the accompanying lactic acid bacteria in some ensiling raw materials surface seldom or do not have, make the ensiling difficult quality guarantee, and ensiling is subjected to the restriction in season, stalk is withered and yellow behind grain harvest, can't carry out ensiling sometimes at all, and that the part ensilage often has is mouldy, ruin, denaturalization phenomenon.
The stover ferment agent of Xiao Shouing is the microbial inoculum based on lactic acid bacteria mostly in the market, only can preserve fermentation with its fermented stalk, and fibrous substance that can not degrading straw can not improve its Protein content.Summary of the invention: one of purpose of the present invention is the deficiency that overcomes prior art, and a kind of stalk fungal starter is provided;
Two of purpose of the present invention is the deficiencies that overcome prior art, and a kind of production method of above-mentioned stalk fungal starter is provided;
Three of purpose of the present invention provides the manufacturing technology that the above-mentioned stalk fungal starter of a kind of usefulness is produced the straw biological fermented feed.
Purpose of the present invention realizes by following scheme:
A kind of stalk fungal starter, the volumn concentration of its active ingredient each component is: healthy and free from worry wood is mould: 16-20%, Candida: 6-14%, geotrichum candidum: 14-15%, aspergillus niger: 10-14, aspergillus oryzae: 14-16%, mould: 14-15%, plant lactobacillus: 12-14%;
The production method of above-mentioned stalk fungal starter, this production method comprises the steps:
To preserve bacterial classification inoculation respectively activates and rejuvenation on slant medium, make bacteria suspension then, shake bottle Liquid Culture and seed culture, be inoculated on the solid medium based on wheat bran with weight 20% inoculum concentration and mix the dress koji tray, 28-32 ℃ of static cultivation 72h, 45 ℃ of oven dry are pulverized and to be used pouch-packaged in proportion, and are equipped with auxiliary material and are the fermenting crops straws agent;
Above-mentioned stalk fungal starter is used to produce the manufacturing technology of stalk fungi fermentation feed, and its processing step is:
Get one or more mixing of stalk such as maize straw, straw, wheat straw of 500-1000 kilogram, prescind (1-2cm) or pulverize with pulverizer; Add corn flour 1-5%, wheat bran 5-15%, oil cake 2-5%, urea 1-2%, salt 0.3-0.5%, stir fungal starter uniformly after, moisture is adjusted to 40-60%, place on fermentation tower, pond, cylinder or the cement flooring and ferment, in 15 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations more than 24 hours, but the just standby or using fresh herb of dry storage during the adularescent mycelium of top layer;
In the above-mentioned 1000 gram fungal starters, auxiliary material accounts for 700 grams, bacterial classification accounts for 300 grams, auxiliary material is prepared by following composition and weight proportion: corn flour 14-35g, wheat bran 310-350g, soya-bean cake 14-35g, grass meal 310-350g, agricultural nitric acid rare earth 4-7g, urea 0.3g. calcium chloride 0.3g, magnesium sulfate 3-5g, ferric sulfate 0.1-0.5g, manganese sulfate 0.016g, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.14g, cobalt chloride 0.002g, copper sulphate 0.05g, NaNO32-20g, K2HPO41-10g, KCl 0.5-5g, sucrose 1-50g, peptone 1-20g;
Above-mentioned 1000 gram fungal starters can be handled stalk 500-1000 kilogram, place the warm water about 25 ℃ to soak 15-20 hour every pouch 300 gram leavenings before handling, and it is standby to make bacterium liquid;
In the above-mentioned sweat stalk fungal starter is fully mixed with stalk, humidity is controlled at 45-55%, and environment temperature is not less than 10 ℃ during processing.
Stalk fungal starter of the present invention mainly is to be selected from cattle and sheep cud, fermented dairy product and to introduce bacterial classification abroad, through characteristic research such as biology relatively, the reproduction speed that filters out is fast, the decomposition of cellulose ability is strong and the lactic acid producing bacterial classification, and energy metabolism produces aromatic substances such as multiple enzyme such as cellulase, dextranase, zytase, protease, amylase and diacetyl, ethanedioic acid, can also synthesize multivitamins such as nicotinic acid, pyridoxic acid, propionic acid, VB1, VB2.
Stalks etc. are decomposed into cellobiose and the glucose that is easily absorbed by livestock and poultry with cellulose, for livestock and poultry provide energy by the effect of cellulose-decomposing bacterium in the leavening (as Trichoderma etc.); And softening crude fibre feed directly contacts with rumen microorganism in the cud of ruminant domestic animal, more can improve the activity of the cellulase and the lipolytic enzyme of rumen microflora, thereby all improve coarse-fibred digestibility from several aspects.
The leavening assembly multienzyme bacterial strain black-koji mould, produce a large amount of zytases, dextranase, amylase, protease etc. during the fermentation, make the large biological molecule material be converted into the simple compound that carcass directly absorbs, a large amount of organized enzymes enters with feed in the stomach of livestock and poultry simultaneously, can improve the digestive function of animal itself.
In this leavening special assembly acid-producing bacteria, produce a large amount of lactic acid during the fermentation, propionic acid generates, and can directly be absorbed by the livestock and poultry coat of the stomach, becomes the energy of carcass maximum, and the butterfat percnetage of the milk that milk cow produces of feeding this feed is improved a lot.Leavening also assembly unique health care bacterial strain, can suppress the breeding of the harmful bacterium of domestic animal carcass digestive system effectively, reduce the generation of diseases such as diarrhoea, go back improving immunocompetence, the raising resistance against diseases; The a large amount of lactic acid bacterias that breed in the biological fermentation feed are the favourable bacterium of a class enteron aisle.
The present invention has broken through and has utilized lactic acid bacteria to be main stover ferment agent in the market, proposed to adopt the biofermentation stalk technology of many fungies cooperative fermentation stalk, improve the trans-utilization rate of stalk by the synergy of means such as physics, chemistry, biochemistry, microbial fermentation, improve comprehensively stalk protein content, improve palatability, reduce cellulosic content, improve the production technology of stalk feeding value to greatest extent.Also widen the feedstuff channel, promoted the value of roughage and industry byproduct, reduced feed cost.
The feed that adopts the present invention to produce makes that the DM conversion ratio of straw feed brings up to 90%, cellulose reduces 12-20%, and CP brings up to 10～20%.Straw biological fermented feed thick protein 〉=10%; Production cost≤600 yuan/T can be used as the basal diet of ox, sheep, also can add more than 10% in the daily ration of pig.
The specific embodiment:
1, bacterial classification and culture of strains: bacterial classification has: healthy and free from worry wood is mould, Candida, geotrichum candidum, aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae, mould, plant lactobacillus.Each bacterial classification all is standard bacterial classifications, (" bacterial classification catalogue " Chinese agriculture science and technology publishing house, China common micro-organisms preservation administrative center), standard No. is respectively: Candida: 2.637,2.281,2.118,2.120, and healthy and free from worry wood is mould: 3.2774, mould: 3.4066, plant lactobacillus: 1.557, geotrichum candidum: 2.361,2.498, aspergillus niger: 3.316, aspergillus oryzae: 3.2825,3.951.Each fungi activates and rejuvenation on slant medium, wherein the culture medium of Candida and geotrichum candidum is brewer's wort or agar, method for making is 1 kilogram in a fructus hordei germinatus powder, 3000 milliliters in water, water added the fructus hordei germinatus powder after, insulation 60 degree, make its saccharification voluntarily, (inspection technique is to get 0.5 milliliter of saccharification liquid, adds two of iodine liquid till the no starch reaction in liquid, as do not have the bluish violet appearance, promptly saccharification is perfect).Filter, add 2-3 egg white (helping the Fructus Hordei Germinatus clarification of juice), stir, boil, refilter, then get brewer's wort; Add water towards rare to 12 ° (a kind of densimeters of surveying sugar juice concentration), store for future use.As make solid medium and then add 2% agar);
The mould culture medium of healthy and free from worry wood is potato glucose liquid or agar, composition: potato ball 200-300g, glucose 20g, agar 20g, pH5.5-5.7, water 1000ml;
The culture medium of aspergillus niger, aspergillus oryzae and mould is Cha Shi liquid or agar, wherein, and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 1 gram, magnesium sulfate 0.5 gram, potassium chloride 0.5 gram, ferric sulfate 0.01 gram, sucrose 30 grams, agar 20 grams, 1000 milliliters in water; Mentioned component is mixed in water except that sucrose and agar, after the heating for dissolving, adds sucrose and agar again, continue heating, treat that agar dissolves fully after, filter, packing, 30 minutes sterilization backs of 8 pounds of pressure are standby;
The lactic acid bacteria culture medium is MRS liquid or agar, wherein, and casein peptone 10g, beef extract 10g, yeast extract 5g, glucose 5g, sodium acetate 5g, dibasic ammonium citrate 2g, Tween80 1g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, magnesium sulfate 0.2g, calcium carbonate 20g, agar 15g, 1 liter of distilled water, PH6.8.
2, leavening preparation: will preserve bacterial classification inoculation respectively and on slant medium, activate and rejuvenation, make bacteria suspension then, shake bottle Liquid Culture and seed culture, be inoculated on the solid medium based on wheat bran with 20% inoculum concentration and mix the dress koji tray, 28-32 ℃ of static cultivation 72h, 45 ℃ of oven dry are pulverized and to be used pouch-packaged in proportion, and are equipped with auxiliary material and are the fermenting crops straws agent.Solid medium is wheat bran 80% (weight), straw 20% (weight).
In the above-mentioned 1000 gram fungal starters, auxiliary material accounts for 700 grams, bacterial classification accounts for 300 grams, auxiliary material is prepared by following composition and weight proportion: corn flour 14-35g, wheat bran 310-350g, soya-bean cake 14-35g, grass meal 310-350g, rare earth 4-7g, urea 0.3g. calcium chloride 0.3g, magnesium sulfate 3-5g, ferric sulfate 0.1-0.5g, manganese sulfate 0.016g, zinc sulfate 0.1-0.14g, cobalt chloride 0.002g, copper sulphate 0.05g, NaNO32-20g, K2HPO41-10g, KCl0.5-5g, sucrose 1-50g, peptone 1-20g;
3, the preparation of fermented feed:
Get one or more mixing of stalk such as maize straw, straw, wheat straw of 500-1000 kilogram, prescind (1-2cm) or pulverize with pulverizer; Add percentage by weight corn flour 1-5%, wheat bran 5-15%, oil cake 2-5%, urea 1-2%, salt 0.3-0.5%, stir fungal starter uniformly after, moisture is adjusted to 40-60%, place on fermentation tower, pond, cylinder or the cement flooring and ferment, in 15 ℃ of condition bottom fermentations more than 24 hours, but the just standby or using fresh herb of dry storage during the adularescent mycelium of top layer;
Above-mentioned 1000 gram fungal starters can be handled stalk 500-1000 kilogram, place the warm water about 25 ℃ to soak 15-20 hour every pouch 300 gram leavenings before handling, and it is standby to make bacterium liquid;
In the above-mentioned sweat stalk fungal starter is fully mixed with stalk, humidity is controlled at 45-55%, and environment temperature is not less than 10 ℃ during processing.