CN1664310A - Control Method of Rock Burst in Coal Mine Island Coal Pillar - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a coal mine isolated island coal column impacting ground pressure controlling method that includes laneway collocation, demolishing pressure relief, the reinforcing of superficial of the up and down slots laneway, altering the deep physical of the laneway. The advantage is decreasing the impact fatalness, increasing the intensity of the gas, and enhancing the protection function for workers in the laneway.

Description

Translated fromChinese

煤矿孤岛煤柱冲击地压控制方法Control Method of Rock Burst in Coal Mine Island Coal Pillar

技术领域technical field

本发明属于煤矿开采技术领域。The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining.

背景技术Background technique

冲击地压的控制问题是世界级煤矿开采要解决的难题，尤其是孤岛煤柱开采常常伴随破坏性冲击地压。目前孤岛煤柱开采的冲击地压的防治与常规工作面的防治方法基本相同，主要在开采过程中，在高压应力区采取解危措施，包括钻孔爆破卸压、钻孔卸压、顶板爆破、底板处理等措施。这些措施在具体实施过程中，由于伴随工作面的推采，实施期间很不安全，解危的程度不充分，容易造成局部应力集中，安全保障性没有把握。当煤柱宽度较窄、埋深大时，实施钻孔爆破和钻孔卸压时，钻进就很困难，解危效果较差；实施煤层注水方法同样难以实现注水钻孔的钻进。因此孤岛煤柱开采的冲击地压的控制到目前为止还没有从根本上达到完全控制的程度，其开采的危险程度较大。The control of rock burst is a difficult problem to be solved in world-class coal mining, especially the mining of island coal pillars is often accompanied by destructive rock burst. At present, the prevention and control of rock burst in island coal pillar mining is basically the same as the prevention and control methods of conventional working faces. During the mining process, measures to relieve danger are taken in high-pressure stress areas, including drilling and blasting for pressure relief, drilling for pressure relief, and roof blasting. , Floor treatment and other measures. During the specific implementation of these measures, due to the push and mining of the working face, the implementation period is very unsafe, and the degree of risk relief is not sufficient, which is likely to cause local stress concentration, and the safety guarantee is not sure. When the width of the coal pillar is narrow and the depth of burial is large, when drilling and blasting and pressure relief of the drilling are implemented, drilling is very difficult, and the effect of relieving danger is relatively poor; implementing the coal seam water injection method is also difficult to realize the drilling of the water injection drilling. Therefore, the control of the rockburst in the isolated island coal pillar mining has not fundamentally reached the degree of complete control so far, and its mining is more dangerous.

发明目的purpose of invention

本发明的目的是针对目前孤岛煤柱开采冲击地压防治中存在的局部解危的重大不足，提出一种新的冲击地压控制方法。The object of the present invention is to propose a new method for controlling rock burst aiming at the major shortage of local crisis relief existing in the prevention and control of rock burst in the mining of isolated island coal pillars.

本发明的技术方案是：Technical scheme of the present invention is:

1、巷道布置1. Roadway layout

首先在孤岛煤柱的低应力区布置采煤巷道，采煤巷道包括上顺槽、下顺槽和工作面切眼以及满足生产通风需要的其他巷道，采煤巷道与采空区之间留有3.0-4.0米宽的煤柱。Firstly, the coal mining roadway is arranged in the low-stress area of the isolated island coal pillar. The coal mining roadway includes the upper trough, the lower trough, the cutting eye of the working face and other roadways that meet the production ventilation needs. There is a gap between the coal mining roadway and the goaf 3.0-4.0 m wide coal pillars.

2、爆破松动卸压2. Blasting loosening and pressure relief

在上、下顺槽煤壁上每隔3.0-4.0米钻爆破卸压孔，孔径一般为42毫米，孔深为煤层厚度或巷道宽度的3倍，孔口布置在距底板1.0-1.3米处便于操作，钻孔方向仰角一般为0-3°；在爆破卸压孔每两孔之间钻导向孔，导向孔可以是大于100毫米的大直径孔，也可以布置成2-3个与爆破卸压孔直径相同的小直径孔；然后向爆破卸压孔内装填炸药和雷管，装药深度为钻孔深度的40％左右，用炮泥堵塞，连线起爆，把煤体爆松，孔与孔之间产生裂隙，实现内部卸压。Drill and blast pressure relief holes every 3.0-4.0 meters on the coal walls of the upper and lower channels. The hole diameter is generally 42 mm, and the hole depth is 3 times the thickness of the coal seam or the width of the roadway. The holes are arranged at a distance of 1.0-1.3 meters from the floor. It is easy to operate, and the elevation angle of the drilling direction is generally 0-3°; a pilot hole is drilled between every two holes of the blasting pressure relief hole, and the pilot hole can be a large diameter hole larger than 100mm, or it can be arranged in 2-3 to match the blasting A small diameter hole with the same diameter as the pressure relief hole; then fill the blasting pressure relief hole with explosives and detonators, the charge depth is about 40% of the drilling depth, plug it with gun mud, detonate with a wire, blast the coal body, and the hole A crack is generated between the hole and the hole to realize internal pressure relief.

3、上、下顺槽巷道帮体浅部加固3. Reinforcing the shallow part of the side of the upper and lower tunnel roadways

一种方案是：在上、下顺槽煤壁较坚硬完整的情况下，对煤壁喷水泥砂浆进行封闭，形成砂浆喷层，喷层厚度5-10厘米。One solution is: when the coal walls of the upper and lower troughs are relatively hard and complete, the coal walls are sealed with cement mortar spraying to form a mortar spraying layer with a thickness of 5-10 cm.

另一种方案是：在上、下顺槽巷道帮体松软破碎的情况下，在煤壁上钻化学注浆孔，孔距2.0-4.0米，孔深1.5-3.0米，钻孔后插入注浆管向孔内注浆，注浆材料为有机聚合物，对帮体进行化学固化，使煤壁形成1.0-1.5米的化学加固封闭带Another solution is to drill chemical grouting holes on the coal wall when the sides of the upper and lower tunnels are soft and broken, with a hole distance of 2.0-4.0 meters and a hole depth of 1.5-3.0 meters. The grouting pipe is grouted into the hole, and the grouting material is an organic polymer, which is chemically solidified to form a 1.0-1.5-meter chemically reinforced sealing zone on the coal wall

4、对巷道帮体深部物理改性4. Physical modification of the deep part of the roadway side body

待巷道帮体浅部加固后，在加固的煤壁上钻物理注浆孔，孔径、孔距与化学注浆孔相同，亦可在原化学注浆孔内继续钻进，钻深为巷宽的3倍，钻孔后向爆破松动的煤体内注浆，注浆材料为常用的水玻璃-水泥混合浆液，注浆后改变了帮体深部的力学性能。After the shallow part of the side of the roadway is reinforced, drill physical grouting holes on the reinforced coal wall. The hole diameter and hole distance are the same as the chemical grouting holes. You can also continue drilling in the original chemical grouting holes. 3 times, grouting into the coal body loosened by blasting after drilling, the grouting material is commonly used water glass-cement mixed slurry, after grouting, the mechanical properties of the deep part of the help body are changed.

本发明的积极效果是：1.通过巷道煤体浅部加固和深部物理改性，以及爆破卸压，改变了煤体深部的力学性能，使得具有冲击倾向的煤体转化为弱冲击倾向或没有冲击倾向，从根本上降低冲击危险性。2.从煤壁到深部改性区，煤体的强度提高，对深部煤的来压破坏起到限制作用，从而对煤矿孤岛煤柱冲击地压得到有效控制。The positive effects of the present invention are: 1. Through reinforcement at the shallow part of the roadway coal body and physical modification at the deep part, as well as blasting and pressure relief, the mechanical properties of the deep part of the coal body are changed, so that the coal body with impact tendency is transformed into weak impact tendency or no coal body Shock tendency, fundamentally reduces the risk of shock. 2. From the coal wall to the deep modified area, the strength of the coal body increases, which limits the pressure damage of the deep coal, thereby effectively controlling the rock burst of the coal pillar in the isolated island of the coal mine.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是巷道布置、爆破卸压孔布置的平面俯视图，图2是煤体加固示意图，图3是另一实施例的煤壁加固示意图。Fig. 1 is a plan view of roadway layout and blasting pressure relief hole layout, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of coal reinforcement, and Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of coal wall reinforcement in another embodiment.

图中：1-上顺槽，2-采区煤柱，3-导向孔，4-工作面切眼，5-采空区，6-爆破卸压孔，7-下顺槽，8-化学注浆孔，9-化学加固封闭带， 10-物理改性区，11-物理注浆孔，12-喷层。In the figure: 1-up trough, 2-coal pillar in mining area, 3-pilot hole, 4-cut hole in working face, 5-goaf, 6-blasting pressure relief hole, 7-down trough, 8-chemical Grouting hole, 9-chemical reinforcement sealing zone, 10-physical modification area, 11-physical grouting hole, 12-spray layer.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

以某个煤层厚度为2米的煤矿孤岛煤柱为例，采取以下方法对冲击地压进行控制。Taking a coal mine island coal pillar with a coal seam thickness of 2 meters as an example, the following methods are adopted to control rock burst.

如图1所示：As shown in Figure 1:

一、沿煤柱的煤层方向开拓上顺槽1、下顺槽7，沿煤柱的煤层倾向开拓工作面切眼4，上述巷道与采空区5留有3-4米的采空煤柱2，并按煤矿安全的要求对上述巷道进行支护。1. Develop the upper trough 1 and the lower trough 7 along the coal seam direction of the coal pillar, develop the working face incision 4 along the coal seam tendency of the coal pillar, and leave a 3-4 meter goaf coal pillar in the above-mentioned roadway and goaf 5 2. Support the above-mentioned roadway according to the requirements of coal mine safety.

二、在上、下顺槽内距底板1.0米的高度钻直径42毫米的爆破卸压孔6，钻孔间距6米，钻孔深度6米，再在爆破卸压孔6之间钻导向孔3，导向孔3采用直径110毫米的大直径孔，孔深为7米，爆破卸压孔6内装填炸药卷，装药深度2.5米，炮头用双雷管并联，用炮泥堵塞后，孔外串联一次起爆或分段起爆，将煤体爆松，卸除压力。2. Drill blasting pressure relief holes 6 with a diameter of 42 mm at a height of 1.0 meters from the bottom plate in the upper and lower grooves, with a drilling distance of 6 meters and a drilling depth of 6 meters, and then drill pilot holes between the blasting pressure relief holes 6 3. The guide hole 3 adopts a large-diameter hole with a diameter of 110 mm, and the hole depth is 7 meters. The blasting pressure relief hole 6 is filled with explosive rolls, and the charge depth is 2.5 meters. The gun head is connected in parallel with double detonators. One-shot detonation or sub-stage detonation in series with the outside to loosen the coal body and relieve the pressure.

如图2所示：as shown in picture 2:

三、在上、下顺槽内用电爆钻在煤壁上钻直径42毫米、深1米的化学注浆孔8，钻眼间距2米，钻孔后插上PVC管向巷帮浅部注化学浆液，化学浆液选用“马丽散N”，使巷帮形成大于1米深的化学加固封闭带9；3. Drillchemical grouting holes 8 with a diameter of 42 mm and a depth of 1 meter on the coal wall with an electric blast drill in the upper and lower troughs. The hole spacing is 2 meters. After drilling, insert PVC pipes to the shallow part of the side of the road Inject chemical grout, and the chemical grout is selected from "Ma Lisan N", so that the lane side forms a chemically reinforcedsealing zone 9 that is more than 1 meter deep;

四、在上述化学注浆孔8的孔位或保留完好的孔内继续钻深到6米，作为物理注浆孔11，通过该孔向煤体注入水玻璃-水泥浆液。Four, continue to drill deep to 6 meters in the hole position of above-mentionedchemical grouting hole 8 or keep in good condition, asphysical grouting hole 11, inject water glass-cement slurry to coal body through this hole.

注入浆液后，由化学加固封闭带9将浆液封闭在煤体内，使注浆区域形成物理改性区10。After the grout is injected, the grout is sealed in the coal body by the chemicalreinforcement sealing belt 9, so that the grouting area forms aphysical modification zone 10.

上述步骤完成后，即可进行回采工作，回采中冲击地压得到控制。After the above steps are completed, the mining work can be carried out, and the rock burst is under control in the mining.

图3为另一实施例的煤壁加固示意图，与图2所不同的是在上、下顺槽煤壁较坚硬完整的情况下，不再钻注浆孔进行化学注浆，而是对煤壁喷水泥砂浆进行封闭，形成喷层12，喷层厚度5-10厘米，其它步骤与图1、图2相同。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of coal wall reinforcement in another embodiment. The difference from Fig. 2 is that when the coal walls of the upper and lower troughs are relatively hard and complete, the grouting holes are no longer drilled for chemical grouting, but the coal The wall is sealed by spraying cement mortar to form a spray layer 12 with a thickness of 5-10 cm. Other steps are the same as those shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

Claims (3)

1, a kind of control method for coal mine detached island coal pillar rock burst, it at first arranges coal cutting roadway in the low stress area of isolated island coal column, coal cutting roadway comprises other tunnels that crossheading, following crossheading and work plane are cut eye and satisfied production ventilation needs, leaves the wide coal column of 3.0-4.0 rice between coal cutting roadway and the goaf; It is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:

(1) in-place blasting out release

On upper and lower crossheading rib, bore the unloading pressure by blasting hole every 3.0-4.0 rice, the aperture is generally 42 millimeters, hole depth is coal seam thickness or span length 3 times, the aperture be arranged in be convenient to operate apart from base plate 1.0-1.3 rice, the boring direction elevation angle is generally 0-3 °, between per two holes, unloading pressure by blasting hole, bore pilot hole, in the unloading pressure by blasting hole, load explosive and detonator then, shot depth is about 40% of a drilling depth, stop up with stemming, line detonates, the quick-fried pine of coal body, produce the crack between the Kong Yukong, realize inner release;

(2) upper and lower gate road helps the body superficial part to reinforce

Under the harder complete situation of upper and lower crossheading rib, rib spraying cement mortar is sealed, form the mortar spray-up, jetting thickness 5-10 centimetre;

Help at upper and lower gate road under the situation of body soft broken, on rib, bore the chemical grouting hole, pitch-row 2.0-4.0 rice, hole depth 1.5-3.0 rice, Grouting Pipe slip casting in the hole is inserted in the boring back, injecting paste material is an organic polymer, and group's body is carried out chemosetting, makes rib form the chemical consolidation confining zone of 1.0-1.5 rice;

(3) to tunnel group body deep physical modification

After treating that tunnel group body superficial part is reinforced, on the rib of reinforcing, bore the physics injected hole, aperture, pitch-row are identical with the chemical grouting hole, also can in former chemical grouting hole, continue to creep into, brill is 3 times of lanewidth deeply, boring back slip casting in the coal body of in-place blasting out, injecting paste material is water glass-cement mixing slurries commonly used.

2, control method for coal mine detached island coal pillar rock burst as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the pilot hole in step 1 is the large diameter hole greater than 100 millimeters.

3, control method for coal mine detached island coal pillar rock burst as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the pilot hole in step 1 is the small diameter bore identical with the unloading pressure by blasting bore dia of 10 centimetres of 2-3 spacings.

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