A kind of preparation method of biological degradation polyalcohol medicine microspheresTechnical field
The invention belongs to nanometer medicine technical field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation method of biological degradation polyalcohol medicine microspheres.
Background technology
In recent ten years, the medicine controlled releasing microsphere obtains extensive use at field of medicaments.(1) as the controlled release and the multipurpose drug-delivery preparation of various medicines, as using as multipaths such as injection, oral, nasal cavity suctions; (2) as various chemoembolization preparation performance thromboembolisms and controlled release dual-use function; (3), realize that a shot reaches the permanent immunity effect as antigenic carrier.At present, the carrier material that is used for control-release microsphere has multiple, by sources is divided into (1) natural polymer, as cellulose, protein; (2) synthetic high polymer.Be divided into (1) non-biodegradation type macromolecule by biodegradation character, as polyacrylate and derivant thereof; (2) Biodegradable macromolecule, as polyester, poly-anhydride, poe etc., wherein polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid and copolymer thereof be owing to have good biocompatibility and biological degradability is used as medical material by drugs approved by FDA, the active medicine in the control-release microsphere can be oil loving also can be hydrophilic medicine.
Preparing the normal method that adopts of polylactic acid control-release microsphere is oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation method, but when this method prepares the water soluble drug control-release microsphere, on the one hand because the water solublity of medicine causes loss in a large number in preparation process, entrapment efficiency is very low, and medicine can produce certain harmful effect because of the contact organic solvent on the other hand.Development in recent years water bag (Water-In-Oil) (W/O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation method prepare the water soluble drug control-release microsphere.Because this method is to make medicine earlier water-soluble, and then be scattered in the organic facies, reduced the chance that medicine contacts with organic solvent, medicine is diffused into outer water by interior water simultaneously needs through an organic layer obstacle, thereby preparation process Chinese medicine loss amount reduces.However, because when preparation W/O/W emulsion, emulsion can be because of rupture of oil film, reasons such as interior water gathering reduce the envelop rate of medicine.No matter be oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation method, or (W/O/W) emulsion-solvent evaporation method of water bag (Water-In-Oil), the influence factor when the preparation medicine microspheres is a lot, operate also very complicatedly, and repeatability is poor between criticizing.Advantages such as and that the rule that is separated has is simple to operate, and repeatability is better between batch, and microspherulite diameter is less.
(USP 4 for Urist, 563,489,1986) etc. the people to adopt chloroform/ethanol be the solvent/non-solvent system, prepared polylactic acid (PLA) microsphere of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), (USP 4 for Gardner, 637,905,1987) etc. the people has then prepared PLA/PLGA (polylactic-co-glycolic acid) microsphere of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with similar method, and different is, and to have adopted Span-80 be flocculating agent.People such as Devissague (USP 5,049,322,1991) have adopted acetone (containing surfactant) to prepare the copolymer microsphere of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate for the solvent/non-solvent system.People such as Herbert (USP5,654,008,1997) have prepared the PLA/PLGA microsphere with phase separation method, but its solvent phase is ethyl acetate and benzyl alcohol, and non-solvent is the aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) mutually.It is the solvent/non-solvent system that Spenleuhauer (USP 5,766,635,1998) has adopted acetone/phosphate-buffered aqueous solution, has prepared PLA-PEG (polylactic acid-polyglycol copolymer) microsphere.Mathiowitz (USP 6,235, and 224,2001) adopt the system of chloroform/petroleum ether to prepare the PLA microsphere, (USP 6,159 for Russell-Jones, 502,2000) adopted the system of the aqueous solution of dichloromethane/PVA to prepare the PLA/PLGA microsphere of bovine serum albumin (BSA).Chinese patent (application number 01809358.2) has been invented the phase separation method that a kind of temperature causes, but because of solute solubility varies with temperature limited so its productive rate is not high, range of application is also very limited.Chinese patent (application number 94114018.0) has announced that a kind of phase separation method prepares the way of composite micro-capsule, but does not relate to biological degradation polyalcohol, neither nano level microsphere.The method that Chinese patent (application number 01115528.0) provides a kind of phase separation method to prepare polymer microballoon, but owing to will pass through melt-processed, so be not suitable for thermosensitive type polymer and medicine.Chinese patent (application number 02138038.4) provides a kind of method with phenomenon of phase separation parcel trace element, but does not use it for the parcel of medicine.Chinese patent (application number 01140022.6) then provides a kind of utilization to be separated to prepare the method for microsphere, but does not contain the blank microsphere of medicine, and neither Biodegradable high molecular.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of biological degradation polyalcohol medicine microspheres.
The preparation method of a kind of biological degradation polyalcohol medicine microspheres that the present invention proposes, concrete steps are: adopt non-solvent to cause the method that is separated, polymer dissolution is formed solvent phase in solvent, hydrophilic medicament is dissolved in and forms the non-solvent phase in the solvent; Then solvent phase is joined non-solvent mutually in, solvent flashing at room temperature, dialysis is to remove non-encapsulated medicine; Last lyophilization becomes powder, promptly gets medicine microspheres.Wherein, the volume ratio of solvent and non-solvent is 0.5～2, and the concentration of polymer is 10～40mg/ml.
Among the present invention, the solvent/non-solvent system of employing is an acetone, dichloromethane/ethanol, chloroform/ethanol, ethyl acetate/ethanol a kind of.
Among the present invention, polymer adopts polylactic acid and copolymer thereof, is specially a kind of of polylactic acid (PLA), polylactic acid-polyglycol copolymer (PLA-PEG), polylactide-poly-glycolide copolymer (PLGA), polylactide-caprolactone copolymer (PLA-PCL), polycaprolactone-polylactide-polyethers terpolymer (PCEL) etc.
Among the present invention, the molecular weight of the Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in the polylactic acid-polyglycol copolymer (PLA-PEG) is 2000～10000, and in polylactide-caprolactone copolymer (PLA-PCL), LA/CL can be any mol ratio; In polylactide-poly-glycolide copolymer, LA/GA can be any mol ratio; In polycaprolactone-polylactide-polyethers terpolymer, PCL/PLA/PE can be any mol ratio.
Among the present invention, solvent phase joins non-solvent and adopts injection mode in mutually, promptly to adopt the aperture be the syringe needle of 4.5-9mm or porous container with solvent phase be injected into non-solvent mutually in.
Among the present invention, hydrophilic medicament is a kind of of carmofur sheet, erythromycin, 5-fluorouracil and amycin etc.
The present invention adopts phase separation method, and is simple to operate, and repeatability is better between batch, and microspherulite diameter is less.
The present invention can make the envelop rate of water soluble drug reach more than 20%, and microspherulite diameter can satisfy more instructions for use below 150 nanometers.
The specific embodiment
Be described in further detail below in conjunction with example:
Embodiment 1
With polylactic acid (PLA), [η] forms oil-phase solution among 0.1712 (dL/g) is dissolved in acetone, polymer concentration is 10.13 (mg/ml), form aqueous phase solution among will being dissolved in 20% alcohol hydrochloric acid solution through the carmofur sheet medicated powder that grinds, and then to be the syringe needle of 4.5mm～9.0mm or porous container with the aperture inject aqueous phase solution among the oil-phase solution, acetone at room temperature volatilizees, put it in the bag filter again and dialyse, to go out non-encapsulated medicine, mean diameter is 89.3nm, and entrapment efficiency is 16.11%.
Embodiment 2
With polylactic acid (PLA), [η] forms oil-phase solution among 0.1712 (dL/g) is dissolved in acetone, polymer concentration is 19.08 (mg/ml), form aqueous phase solution among the carmofur sheet medicated powder that ground being dissolved in 20% alcohol hydrochloric acid solution, and then to be the syringe needle of 4.5mm～9.0mm or porous container with the aperture inject aqueous phase solution among the oil-phase solution, acetone then at room temperature volatilizees, put it in the bag filter again and dialyse, to go out non-encapsulated medicine, mean diameter is 107.0nm, and entrapment efficiency is 16.38%.
Embodiment 3
With polylactic acid (PLA), [η] forms oil-phase solution among 0.1712 (dL/g) is dissolved in acetone, polymer concentration is 40.30 (mg/ml), form aqueous phase solution among the carmofur sheet medicated powder that ground being dissolved in 20% alcohol hydrochloric acid solution, and then to be the syringe needle of 4.5mm～9.0mm or porous container with the aperture inject aqueous phase solution among the oil-phase solution, acetone then at room temperature volatilizees, put it in the bag filter again and dialyse, to go out non-encapsulated medicine, mean diameter is 121.0nm, and entrapment efficiency is 19.43%.
Embodiment 4
Polylactic acid among the embodiment 1 (PLA) is replaced with polylactic acid-polyglycol (PLA-PEG), and the PEG molecular weight is 4000, and [η] is 0.17124 (dL/g), and all the other conditions are the same, and mean diameter is 70.2nm, and entrapment efficiency is 18.27%.
Embodiment 5
The polylactic acid among the embodiment 1 (PLA) replace with polylactide-polycaprolactone (PLA-PCL, LA/CL=50: 50), all the other conditions are the same, mean diameter is 98.5nm, entrapment efficiency is 21.27%.
Embodiment 6
Polylactic acid among the embodiment 1 (PLA) replaced with polylactide-(PLGA, LA/GA=85: 15), mean diameter is 87.6nm to poly-glycolide copolymer, and entrapment efficiency is 20.95%.
Embodiment 7
Polylactic acid among the embodiment 1 (PLA) is replaced with polycaprolactone-polylactide-polyethers terpolymer (PCEL, PCL/PLA/PE=60: 20: 20), and all the other conditions are the same, and mean diameter is 83.6nm, and entrapment efficiency is 24.34%.
Embodiment 8
Carmofur sheet among the embodiment 1 is replaced with amycin, and all the other conditions are the same, and mean diameter is 89.2nm, and entrapment efficiency is 18.27%.
Embodiment 9
Carmofur sheet among the embodiment 1 is replaced with erythromycin, and all the other conditions are the same, and mean diameter is 89.3nm, and entrapment efficiency is 18.27%.
Embodiment 10
Carmofur sheet among the embodiment 1 is replaced with 5-fluorouracil, and all the other conditions are the same, and mean diameter is 89.7nm, and entrapment efficiency is 18.27%.
Embodiment 11
Acetone among the embodiment 1 is replaced with dichloromethane/ethanol, and all the other conditions are the same, and mean diameter is 334.3nm, and entrapment efficiency is 17.37%.
Embodiment 12
Acetone among the embodiment 1 is replaced with chloroform/ethanol, and all the other conditions are the same, and mean diameter is 80.2nm, and entrapment efficiency is 19.23%.
Embodiment 13
Acetone among the embodiment 1 is replaced with ethyl acetate/ethanol, and all the other conditions are the same, and mean diameter is 70.2nm, and entrapment efficiency is 16.54%.