CN1490116A - A device for controlling welding stress and deformation with welding impact rolling - Google Patents

Abstract

A weld-following impacting-rolling apparatus for controlling the welding stress deformation of thin metal is disclosed, which can decrease the welding stress and deformation, fining crystal grains and preventing thermal crack. It is composed of air pump, pressure releasing valve, relay, presure stabilizing air accumulator, speed regulating valve and impacting-rolling head, all of which are connected according to invented logic. Its advantages are high effect, small size, high reliability and long service life.

Description

Translated fromChinese

随焊冲击碾压控制焊接应力变形的装置A device for controlling welding stress and deformation with welding impact rolling

技术领域：本发明涉及薄壁金属焊接应力变形的控制装置。该装置可以同时解决减小焊接应力、变形、细化晶粒、防止焊接热裂纹等多项技术问题。Technical field: The present invention relates to a control device for welding stress deformation of thin-walled metals. The device can simultaneously solve multiple technical problems such as reducing welding stress, deformation, grain refinement, and preventing welding heat cracks.

背景技术：高强薄壁材料焊接，应力变形大、容易出现热裂纹，焊后需要矫形、热处理，增大生产成本，影响产品质量，甚至出现废品。为解决上述问题，国内外曾提出随焊碾压、静态和动态温差拉伸、随焊锤击等多种方法及实现这些方法的装置，它们普遍存在生产效率低、成本较高、工作环境较差，特别是随焊碾压法，存在设备庞大、冲击碾压轮尺寸较大、和焊枪互相干涉、容易产生打弧现象，很难用于实际生产。随焊冲击法存在锤头偏摆震动较大，需要增加导向机构的缺点。Background technology: welding of high-strength thin-walled materials, large stress and deformation, prone to thermal cracks, after welding, it needs to be corrected and heat treated, which increases production costs, affects product quality, and even produces waste products. In order to solve the above problems, various methods such as rolling with welding, static and dynamic temperature difference stretching, hammering with welding and other methods and devices for realizing these methods have been proposed at home and abroad. They generally have low production efficiency, high cost, and relatively harsh working environment. Poor, especially with welding rolling method, there are huge equipment, large size of impact rolling wheel, interference with welding torch, easy to produce arc phenomenon, it is difficult to be used in actual production. The hammer head deflection vibration is relatively large in the welding impact method, and a guiding mechanism needs to be added.

发明内容：本发明的目的是研制一种随焊冲击碾压控制焊接应力变形的装置，它具有使用方便、成本低、接头质量好，既能控制直焊缝，又能控制封闭焊缝应力变形，而且可以有效防止产生焊接热裂纹的特点。本发明由气泵1、减压阀2、稳压储气筒3、继电器4、调速阀5、近端储气筒6和冲击碾压机头7组成；气泵1的出口端与减压阀2的入口端固定连接，减压阀2的出口端与继电器4的一端连接，在减压阀2与继电器4之间固定有稳压储气筒3，继电器4的另一端与调速阀5的入端固定连接，调速阀5的出端与冲击碾压机头7之间由管路固定连接，调速阀5与冲击碾压机头7之间的管路上固定有近端储气筒6。本发明具有设备简单小巧、工作稳定可靠、使用寿命长，能将薄壁材料焊接残余应力和变形控制在常规焊接状态的1/10左右，也可将表面拉应力变为压应力状态，防止焊接热裂纹产生的优点。Summary of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to develop a device for controlling welding stress and deformation with welding impact rolling. It has the advantages of convenient use, low cost, and good joint quality. , and can effectively prevent the characteristics of welding hot cracks. The present invention is made up of air pump 1, decompression valve 2, pressure-stabilizing air storage cylinder 3, relay 4, speed regulating valve 5, near-end air storage cylinder 6 and impact rolling machine head 7; The inlet end is fixedly connected, the outlet end of the pressure reducing valve 2 is connected to one end of the relay 4, and the pressure-stabilizing gas storage tank 3 is fixed between the pressure reducing valve 2 and the relay 4, and the other end of the relay 4 is connected to the input end of the speed regulating valve 5 Fixedly connected, the output end of the speed regulating valve 5 and the impact rolling head 7 are fixedly connected by a pipeline, and the proximal air storage tank 6 is fixed on the pipeline between the speed regulating valve 5 and the impact rolling head 7 . The invention has the advantages of simple and compact equipment, stable and reliable operation, long service life, can control the welding residual stress and deformation of thin-walled materials to about 1/10 of the conventional welding state, and can also change the surface tensile stress into a compressive stress state to prevent welding Advantages of thermal cracking.

附图说明：图1是本发明的整体结构示意图，图2是冲击碾压机头7的结构示意图，图3是冲击碾压机头7上的冲击碾压前轮28的结构示意图，图4是冲击碾压机头7上的冲击碾压后轮16的结构示意图。Description of drawings: Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the impact rolling head 7, Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the impact rollingfront wheel 28 on the impact rolling head 7, Fig. 4 It is the structural representation of the impact rollingrear wheel 16 on the impact rolling head 7.

具体实施方式：本实施方式(见图1)由气泵1、减压阀2、稳压储气筒3、继电器4、调速阀5、近端储气筒6和冲击碾压机头7组成；气泵1的出口端与减压阀2的输入端固定连接，减压阀2的输出端与继电器4的一端连接，在减压阀2与继电器4之间固定有稳压储气筒3，继电器4的另一端与调速阀5的入端固定连接，调速阀5的出端与冲击碾压机头7之间由管路固定连接，调速阀5与冲击碾压机头7之间的管路上固定有近端储气筒6。(见图2)冲击碾压机头7由气锤支架8、减振座9、活塞10、冲击传力杆11、上缸排气整流罩12、下缸排气整流罩13、销轴14、冲击碾压轮轴15、冲击碾压后轮16、减振弹簧17、气锤18、控制气阀19、气缸20、气缸上排气孔21、气缸下排气孔22、压缩弹簧23、导向夹持叉25、扭簧26、冲击碾压轮座27、冲击碾压前轮28组成；气锤18固定在气锤支架8内的中部，气锤18上部的气锤支架8内固定有减振座9，减振座9的上部与气锤支架8的顶盖之间设有减振弹簧17，气锤18的下部固定有气缸20，气缸20的上部设有控制气阀19，气缸20的内部设有活塞10，活塞10下部的气缸20的中心处设有冲击传力杆11，气缸20的外侧下部与气锤支架8之间固定有上缸排气整流罩12，冲击传力杆11上设有下缸排气整流罩13，下缸排气整流罩13与气缸20的底端之间的冲击传力杆11上设有压缩弹簧23，气缸20的下端设有气缸下排气孔22，气缸20的侧端设有气缸上排气孔21，气缸上排气孔21与气锤支架8上的孔相连通，冲击传力杆11的下端由销轴14与冲击碾压轮座27的中部相连接，冲击碾压轮座27的前后两端分别固定有导向夹持叉25，前端的导向夹持叉25上由冲击碾压轮轴15固定有冲击碾压前轮28，后端的导向夹持叉25上由冲击碾压轮轴15固定有冲击碾压后轮16，销轴14与冲击碾压轮座27前后两端的导向夹持叉25上设有扭簧26。(见图3)冲击碾压前轮28的曲面上设有环向凹槽28-1。(见图4)冲击碾压后轮16的曲面上设有环向凸起16-1。Specific embodiments: this embodiment (see Fig. 1) is made up of air pump 1, decompression valve 2, pressure-stabilizing air storage tank 3, relay 4, speed control valve 5, near-end air storage tank 6 and impact rolling head 7; air pump The outlet end of 1 is fixedly connected to the input end of the pressure reducing valve 2, the output end of the pressure reducing valve 2 is connected to one end of the relay 4, and the pressure-stabilizing gas storage tank 3 is fixed between the pressure reducing valve 2 and the relay 4, and the relay 4 The other end is fixedly connected with the input end of the speed regulating valve 5, and the outlet end of the speed regulating valve 5 is fixedly connected with the impact rolling head 7 by a pipeline, and the pipe between the speed regulating valve 5 and the impact rolling head 7 The near-end air storage tank 6 is fixed on the road. (See Figure 2) The impact rolling head 7 is composed of anair hammer bracket 8, a shock absorber 9, apiston 10, animpact dowel 11, an uppercylinder exhaust fairing 12, a lowercylinder exhaust fairing 13, and apin 14. ,impact rolling axle 15, impact rollingrear wheel 16,damping spring 17,air hammer 18,control air valve 19,cylinder 20,upper exhaust hole 21 on the cylinder,lower exhaust hole 22 on the cylinder,compression spring 23, guide Clampingfork 25,torsion spring 26, impactrolling wheel seat 27, impact rollingfront wheel 28 are formed;air hammer 18 is fixed on the middle part inair hammer bracket 8, and theair hammer bracket 8 on the top ofair hammer 18 is fixed with aVibration base 9,damping spring 17 is arranged between the upper part ofvibration damping base 9 and the top cover ofair hammer bracket 8, andcylinder 20 is fixed on the lower part ofair hammer 18, and the upper part ofcylinder 20 is provided withcontrol air valve 19,cylinder 20 The interior of thepiston 10 is provided with apiston 10, and the center of thecylinder 20 at the lower part of thepiston 10 is provided with animpact dowel 11, and an uppercylinder exhaust fairing 12 is fixed between the outer lower part of thecylinder 20 and theair hammer bracket 8, and theimpact dowel 11 is provided with a lowercylinder exhaust fairing 13, and theimpact dowel 11 between the lowercylinder exhaust fairing 13 and the bottom end of thecylinder 20 is provided with acompression spring 23, and the lower end of thecylinder 20 is provided with a lower exhaust gas cylinder. Thehole 22, the side end of thecylinder 20 is provided with theexhaust hole 21 on the cylinder, theexhaust hole 21 on the cylinder communicates with the hole on theair hammer bracket 8, and the lower end of theimpact dowel 11 is connected with the impact rolling wheel by thepin shaft 14. The middle part ofseat 27 is connected, and the front and rear ends of impactrolling wheel seat 27 are respectively fixed withguide clamping fork 25, and theguide clamping fork 25 of front end is fixed with impact rollingfront wheel 28 by impactrolling wheel shaft 15, rear Theguide clamping fork 25 at the end is fixed with the impact rollingrear wheel 16 by the impactrolling wheel shaft 15, and theguide clamping fork 25 at the front and rear ends of thebearing pin 14 and the impactrolling wheel seat 27 is provided withtorsion spring 26. (See Fig. 3) the curved surface of impact rollingfront wheel 28 is provided with circumferential groove 28-1. (see Fig. 4) the curved surface of impact rollingrear wheel 16 is provided with annular projection 16-1.

工作过程：活塞10向下运动对冲击传力杆11和冲击碾压轮座27施加一个冲击力，这个冲击力通过冲击碾压轮座27和冲击碾压后轮16、冲击碾压前轮28的配合面传递给冲击碾压后轮16、冲击碾压前轮28，最终作用到工件30上。这时冲击碾压轮被巨大的冲击力紧紧的压在工件30的表面上，由于工件30与冲击碾压后轮16、冲击碾压前轮28之间存在水平方向的相对运动，所以这是一个冲击加碾压的综合过程；冲击作用时间是十分短暂的，当冲击过程结束时，在冲击反作用力的作用下，冲击碾压轮座27和冲击传力杆11向上弹起，在扭簧26的压力作用下，冲击碾压后轮16、冲击碾压前轮28与其冲击碾压轮座27脱离仍然被压在工件30表面上，并随同整个冲击碾压机构(或工件)的运动而向前滚动。由上述可知，在压簧压力和冲击力反作用力的共同作用下，冲击传力杆11和冲击碾压轮座27实际上是在做谐振运动，而冲击碾压后轮16、冲击碾压前轮28在做一停一转的间歇运动，但由于机构的工作频率较高(50-100Hz)，冲击作用时间很短，所以机构工作时，用肉眼观察，感觉冲击碾压后轮16、冲击碾压前轮28在不停的转动。冲击碾压前轮28，它的形状是内凹的，工作时它跟随在焊接电弧29的后面，并紧紧地压在焊缝两侧的焊趾部位。当冲击碾压轮座27向下冲击时，冲击碾压前轮28就给焊趾施加一个冲击碾压力。由前轮与工件的接触面形状可知，这个冲击力可以分解为一个向下沿轮周前后挤压的纵向分力，和一个向下沿前轮内凹面向焊缝中心挤压的横向分力。由于前轮冲击碾压力作用的区域离焊接熔池较近，温度相对较高，且前轮冲击碾压作用区的内侧金属温度高于外侧，使其作用区内的金属在横向上更有利于向焊缝中心流动，这样当前轮向下冲击时，就对处于脆性温度区间的金属施加一个横向挤压应变，从而抵消能致裂的拉伸应变，达到防止焊接热裂纹的目的。冲击碾压后轮16，它的形状是外凸的，工作时它紧紧的压在焊缝部位，当冲击碾压轮座27向下冲击时，冲击碾压后轮16就给焊缝一个冲击碾压力，由后轮与工件的接触面形状可知，这个冲击力可分解为一个向下并沿轮周方向前后挤压的纵向分力，和一个向下并沿后轮外凸面向焊缝两侧挤压的横向分力，由于纵向和横向曲率半径存在差异，横向分力要大于纵向分力。这样，就能将焊缝金属冷却收缩产生的纵、横向都充分延展，降低了焊接残余应力，减小了焊接变形：既可减小平板直焊缝纵向收缩引起的纵向挠曲变形；又可控制平板环形封闭焊缝收缩引起的马鞍形波浪变形，以及壳体环形封闭焊缝收缩引起的塌陷变形。Working process: the downward movement of thepiston 10 exerts an impact force on theimpact dowel 11 and the impactrolling wheel seat 27, and the impact force passes through the impact rollingwheel seat 27, the impact rollingrear wheel 16, and the impact rollingfront wheel 28 The mating surface is passed to the impact rollingrear wheel 16, the impact rollingfront wheel 28, and finally acts on theworkpiece 30. At this time, the impact rolling wheel is pressed tightly on the surface of theworkpiece 30 by a huge impact force, because there is a horizontal relative movement between theworkpiece 30 and the impact rollingrear wheel 16 and the impact rollingfront wheel 28, so this It is a comprehensive process of impact and rolling; the impact time is very short. When the impact process is over, under the action of the impact reaction force, the impact rollingwheel base 27 and theimpact dowel 11 bounce upward, and the torsion Under the pressure effect ofspring 26, the impact rollingrear wheel 16, the impact rollingfront wheel 28 and its impact rollingwheel base 27 are still pressed on theworkpiece 30 surface, and along with the movement of the whole impact rolling mechanism (or workpiece) And scroll forward. As can be seen from the above, under the joint action of the compression spring pressure and the impact reaction force, theimpact dowel 11 and the impact rollingwheel seat 27 are actually doing resonant motion, while the impact rollingrear wheel 16 and the impact rollingfront wheel Wheel 28 is doing the intermittent motion of stopping and turning, but because the operating frequency of the mechanism is higher (50-100Hz), the impact time is very short, so when the mechanism is working, observe with the naked eye, and feel that the impact crushes therear wheel 16, impact Rolling front-wheel 28 is constantly rotating. Impact rollingfront wheel 28, its shape is concave, it follows the back ofwelding arc 29 during work, and is pressed on the welding toe position of welding seam both sides tightly. When impact rollingwheel base 27 impacts downwards, impact rollingfront wheel 28 just applies an impact rolling pressure to welding toe. According to the shape of the contact surface between the front wheel and the workpiece, this impact force can be decomposed into a longitudinal force component that squeezes forward and backward along the circumference of the wheel, and a transverse component force that squeezes downward along the concave surface of the front wheel to the center of the weld seam. . Since the area where the front wheel impact rolling pressure acts is closer to the weld pool, the temperature is relatively high, and the metal temperature inside the impact rolling action area of the front wheel is higher than that on the outside, making the metal in the action area more horizontally It is beneficial to flow to the center of the weld, so that when the front wheel impacts downward, a transverse extrusion strain is applied to the metal in the brittle temperature range, thereby offsetting the tensile strain that can cause cracks, and achieving the purpose of preventing welding hot cracks. Impact rollingrear wheel 16, its shape is protruding, it is pressed on weld seam position tightly during work, when impact rollingwheel base 27 impacts downwards, impact rollingrear wheel 16 just gives weld seam a The impact rolling force can be known from the shape of the contact surface between the rear wheel and the workpiece. This impact force can be decomposed into a longitudinal component that presses downward and forward and backward along the wheel circumference, and a welding force that moves downward and along the outer convex surface of the rear wheel. Due to the difference in the longitudinal and transverse curvature radii of the lateral component of extrusion on both sides of the slit, the lateral component is greater than the longitudinal component. In this way, the longitudinal and transverse extensions caused by the cooling shrinkage of the weld metal can be fully extended, reducing the welding residual stress and welding deformation: it can not only reduce the longitudinal deflection caused by the longitudinal shrinkage of the flat straight weld; Control the saddle-shaped wave deformation caused by the shrinkage of the annular closed weld of the flat plate, and the collapse deformation caused by the shrinkage of the annular closed weld of the shell.

Claims (4)

1, the device of weld with trailing impactive rolling control welding stress deformation, it is made up of air pump (1), pressure-reducing valve (2), voltage stabilizing gas receiver (3), relay (4), flow speed control valve (5), near-end gas receiver (6) and impact-rolling head (7); The port of export that it is characterized in that air pump (1) is fixedlyed connected with the arrival end of pressure-reducing valve (2), the port of export of pressure-reducing valve (2) is connected with an end of relay (4), between pressure-reducing valve (2) and relay (4), be fixed with voltage stabilizing gas receiver (3), the going into to hold of the other end of relay (4) and flow speed control valve (5) fixedlys connected, going out between end and the impact-rolling head (7) of flow speed control valve (5) fixedlyed connected by pipeline, is fixed with near-end gas receiver (6) on the pipeline between flow speed control valve (5) and the impact-rolling head (7).

2, the device of weld with trailing impactive rolling control welding stress deformation according to claim 1 is characterized in that impact-rolling head (7) is by pneumatic hammer support (8), vibration proof mounting (9), piston (10), impact transmission rod (11), upper cylinder half exhaust fairing (12), following cylinder exhaust fairing (13), bearing pin (14), impact-rolling wheel shaft (15), impact-rolling trailing wheel (16), shock-absorbing spring (17), pneumatic hammer (18), control air valve (19), cylinder (20), cylinder upper air-vent (21), steam vent under the cylinder (22), compression spring (23), guiding clamping fork (25), torsion spring (26), impact-rolling wheel seat (27), impact-rolling front-wheel (28) is formed; Pneumatic hammer (18) is fixed on the middle part in the pneumatic hammer support (8), be fixed with vibration proof mounting (9) in the pneumatic hammer support (8) on pneumatic hammer (18) top, be provided with shock-absorbing spring (17) between the top cover of the top of vibration proof mounting (9) and pneumatic hammer support (8), the bottom of pneumatic hammer (18) is fixed with cylinder (20), the top of cylinder (20) is provided with control air valve (19), the inside of cylinder (20) is provided with piston (10), the center of the cylinder (20) of piston (10) bottom is provided with impacts transmission rod (11), be fixed with upper cylinder half exhaust fairing (12) between the outer lower portion of cylinder (20) and the pneumatic hammer support (8), impact transmission rod (11) and be provided with down cylinder exhaust fairing (13), impact transmission rod (11) between the bottom of following cylinder exhaust fairing (13) and cylinder (20) is provided with compression spring (23), the lower end of cylinder (20) is provided with steam vent under the cylinder (22), the side of cylinder (20) is provided with cylinder upper air-vent (21), cylinder upper air-vent (21) is connected with hole on the pneumatic hammer support (8), the lower end of impacting transmission rod (11) is connected by the middle part of bearing pin (14) with impact-rolling wheel seat (27), the rear and front end of impact-rolling wheel seat (27) is fixed with guiding clamping fork (25) respectively, the guiding clamping fork (25) of front end is gone up and is fixed with impact-rolling front-wheel (28) by impact-rolling wheel shaft (15), the guiding clamping fork (25) of rear end is gone up and is fixed with impact-rolling trailing wheel (16) by impact-rolling wheel shaft (15), and bearing pin (14) is provided with torsion spring (26) with the guiding clamping fork (25) of impact-rolling wheel seat (27) rear and front end.

3, the device of weld with trailing impactive rolling control welding stress deformation according to claim 2 is characterized in that the curved surface of impact-rolling front-wheel (28) is provided with circumferential groove (28-1).

4, the device of weld with trailing impactive rolling control welding stress deformation according to claim 2 is characterized in that the curved surface of impact-rolling trailing wheel (16) is provided with hoop projection (16-1).

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