CN1448358A - Composite sludge solidification material - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明涉及的是一种对水利工程和土木工程中产生的淤泥进行固化处理所使用的复合型淤泥固化材料。本发明采用在水泥类固化材料中加入工业废料粉煤灰、石膏，按一定配比混合均匀而制成的复合型淤泥固化材料。本发明通过与淤泥进行混合搅拌，可以改善淤泥的高含水率、低强度的性质，可以将对环境产生污染的废弃淤泥再生为工程中可以应用的土工材料。使用本材料不仅符合环境保护的要求，也符合土木工程可持续发展的需要，是一种绿色环保型材料。另外本发明所用的原料为工业中大量产生的废料，原料来源广泛，价格便宜，在经济性上显著优于国外固化材料。The invention relates to a composite silt solidification material used for solidification treatment of silt produced in water conservancy projects and civil engineering. The invention adopts the composite sludge solidification material which is prepared by adding industrial waste fly ash and gypsum into the cement solidification material and mixing uniformly according to a certain proportion. The invention can improve the properties of high moisture content and low strength of the sludge by mixing and stirring with the sludge, and can regenerate waste sludge that pollutes the environment into geotechnical materials applicable in engineering. The use of this material not only meets the requirements of environmental protection, but also meets the needs of sustainable development of civil engineering. It is a green and environmentally friendly material. In addition, the raw materials used in the present invention are waste materials produced in large quantities in the industry. The raw materials have a wide range of sources and are cheap, and are significantly superior to foreign solidified materials in terms of economy.

Description

Translated fromChinese

复合型淤泥固化材料Composite sludge solidification material

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种对水利工程和土木工程中产生的淤泥进行固化处理所使用的复合型固化材料，固化处理后的淤泥可用作为道路、堤防等土方工程的填方用土。属于土建材料技术领域。The invention relates to a composite curing material used for solidifying sludge generated in water conservancy projects and civil engineering. The solidified sludge can be used as filling soil for earthworks such as roads and embankments. It belongs to the technical field of civil construction materials.

背景技术Background technique

在许多的水利工程和土木工程如海洋、湖泊、河流的疏浚或城市地铁建设、基坑开挖等工程中会产生大量的淤泥，这些淤泥含水率高、粘粒含量高、强度极低，无法直接用作工程填土，通常采取抛泥处置。这种处置方法不仅会污染抛泥点周围的环境，同时也会占用大量的农田或渔塘。而在许多的土方工程如填海工程、堤防工程、道路工程中大量需要填方用土，大多通过陆地开采砂石而获得。本发明结合环境保护和土木工程可持续发展的需要，将废弃的淤泥通过固化方法转化为土工再生资源进行利用。对于处理高含水率的淤泥，固化材料的造价问题是关键，本复合型淤泥固化材料从传统的水泥系固化材料出发，通过加入工业生产中大量产生的能够促进水泥水化反应的废料粉煤灰、石膏，通过选择最佳的配方，使工业废料可以最大限度的替代部分水泥的量，研制出复合型淤泥固化材料，不但提高了水泥的固化效果，而且节省了造价，并达到以废治废的目的。In many water conservancy projects and civil engineering projects such as ocean, lake, river dredging or urban subway construction, foundation pit excavation and other projects, a large amount of silt will be produced. These silts have high moisture content, high clay content, and extremely low strength. It is directly used as engineering fill and is usually disposed of by throwing mud. This disposal method will not only pollute the environment around the mud throwing point, but also occupy a large amount of farmland or fish ponds. In many earthwork projects such as reclamation projects, embankment projects, and road projects, a large amount of filling soil is required, and most of them are obtained by mining sand and gravel on land. The invention combines the needs of environmental protection and sustainable development of civil engineering, and converts discarded silt into geotechnical renewable resources through a solidification method for utilization. For the treatment of sludge with high moisture content, the cost of solidification materials is the key. This composite sludge solidification material starts from traditional cement-based solidification materials, and adds waste fly ash that can promote cement hydration reaction in large quantities in industrial production. , Gypsum, through the selection of the best formula, the industrial waste can replace part of the amount of cement to the greatest extent, and develop a composite sludge solidification material, which not only improves the solidification effect of cement, but also saves the cost, and achieves the goal of treating waste with waste the goal of.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的：为解决水利工程和土木工程中产生的大量淤泥的处置问题而研制的一种复合型淤泥固化材料，用以将废弃淤泥处理为工程性质良好的固化土。本发明的技术方案：利用水泥的水解和水化反应的特点，加入能够促进水泥水化反应的工业废料，通过选择最佳的配比，发挥出材料的复合效果并从总体上降低固化材料的造价。本发明的固化反应方程如式(1)～(7)所示。Purpose of the present invention: to solve the disposal problem of a large amount of silt produced in hydraulic engineering and civil engineering, a composite silt solidification material is developed, which is used to treat waste silt into solidified soil with good engineering properties. The technical solution of the present invention: utilize the characteristics of cement hydrolysis and hydration reaction, add industrial waste that can promote cement hydration reaction, and by selecting the best ratio, the composite effect of the material can be brought into play and the overall reduction of the solidification effect of the solidified material can be achieved. cost. The curing reaction equation of the present invention is shown in formulas (1) to (7).

本发明是将几种原材料按一定配比均匀混合而成，为青灰色粉状固体，其主要技术特征是在水泥中按一定比例加入工业废料粉煤灰、石膏，均匀混合而成，按重量百分比：The present invention is formed by uniformly mixing several raw materials according to a certain ratio, and it is a blue-gray powdery solid. percentage:

水泥                                            15～25％Cement 15～25%

粉煤灰                                        45～83.5％Fly ash 45～83.5%

石膏                                          1.5～7.5％其制备工艺：在水泥中按上述比例加入粉煤灰和石膏，混合均匀而制成Gypsum 1.5～7.5% Its preparation process: add fly ash and gypsum to the cement according to the above ratio, and mix it evenly

本发明的优点和效果在于：(1)环境保护：利用本发明可以减少工程中产生的淤泥的废弃处置对周围环境的污染；(2)资源再生利用：利用本发明，将废弃的淤泥处理为工程性质良好的土工材料，产生了再生资源；(3)价格低廉：本发明的主要原料为工业中产生的大量且廉价的废料，产品价格便宜；(4)以废治废：本发明主要针对的是工程中产生的废弃淤泥的处理问题，而本身利用的又是工业中大量产生的废弃物，同时达到了以废治废的目的；(5)处理效果好：本发明通过机械搅拌与淤泥充分混合后进行填筑施工，施工易控制，混合效果好，固化处理的效果较优；(6)应用范围广：本发明可以广泛地用于填海工程(图1)、道路工程(图2)和堤防工程(图3)，并可根据不同的工程要求调整添加量，可以满足多种工程的要求。The advantages and effects of the present invention are: (1) environmental protection: the use of the present invention can reduce the pollution of the waste disposal of the silt produced in the project to the surrounding environment; (2) resource recycling: use the present invention to process the waste silt into Geotechnical materials with good engineering properties have produced renewable resources; (3) low price: the main raw material of the present invention is a large amount of and cheap waste produced in industry, and the product price is cheap; (4) treating waste with waste: the present invention mainly aims at The most important thing is the disposal of the waste sludge produced in the project, and what itself utilizes is the waste produced in a large amount in the industry, and the purpose of treating waste with waste is achieved at the same time; (5) the treatment effect is good: the present invention combines mechanical stirring with sludge Filling construction is carried out after fully mixing, and construction is easy to control, and mixing effect is good, and the effect of curing treatment is better; (6) wide range of application: the present invention can be widely used in reclamation project (Fig. 1), road engineering (Fig. 2 ) and embankment engineering (Figure 3), and the addition amount can be adjusted according to different engineering requirements, which can meet the requirements of various projects.

附图说明图1—淤泥复合型固化材料用于填海工程图2—淤泥复合型固化材料用于堤防工程图3—淤泥复合型固化材料用于道路工程Description of the drawings Figure 1 - Silt composite solidified material used in reclamation engineering Figure 2 - Silt composite solidified material used in embankment engineering Figure 3 - Silt composite solidified material used in road engineering

图1是说明本发明可对海洋工程中产生的淤泥进行固化处理，处理后的淤泥可以直接进行水下浇筑施工，由于固化土具有一定的流动性，本方法较之其它方法可以更好的保证水下施工的质量。Fig. 1 illustrates that the present invention can solidify the silt produced in marine engineering, and the treated silt can directly carry out underwater pouring construction. Because the solidified soil has certain fluidity, this method can better guarantee The quality of underwater construction.

图2是说明本发明可对河道疏浚工程中产生的淤泥进行固化处理，处理后的淤泥可以直接用于河道堤岸的加固，既避免了淤泥废弃对环境的污染，同时又可减少堤岸加固从别处取土的费用。Fig. 2 illustrates that the present invention can solidify the silt produced in the river dredging project, and the treated silt can be directly used for the reinforcement of the river embankment, which avoids the pollution of the silt waste to the environment, and can reduce embankment reinforcement from other places Fees for fetching soil.

图3是说明本发明可结合对各种工程中产生的淤泥进行固化处理，处理后的淤泥可以用于道路工程中路基的填筑。在道路工程中大量需要填方用土，大多通过沿路设置取土坑而获取，这种方法破坏了大量的耕地。利用固化淤泥不仅可以有效的避免淤泥废弃对环境的污染，同时又可减少道路工程中从别处取土的数量和费用。Fig. 3 illustrates that the present invention can be combined with solidification treatment of silt produced in various projects, and the treated silt can be used for filling roadbeds in road engineering. A large amount of filling soil is needed in road engineering, and most of them are obtained by setting borrow pits along the road, which destroys a large amount of cultivated land. The use of solidified silt can not only effectively avoid the pollution of the environment caused by silt waste, but also reduce the quantity and cost of taking soil from other places in road engineering.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

实施例1：Example 1:

本发明各组分按以下重量百分比混合均匀而成：Each component of the present invention is mixed uniformly by following percentage by weight:

水泥                                           24.4％Cement 24.4%

粉煤灰                                         73.2％Fly ash 73.2%

石膏                                            2.4％Gypsum 2.4%

按照本配比，在每立方米淤泥中加入90kg固化材料，固化淤泥7天无侧限抗压强度可以达到110kPa，28天无侧限抗压强度可以达到170kPa。固化淤泥的透水系数小于10^-5cm/s。较之使用水泥一种材料，达到相同固化效果其费用可以节省21％。而且这种材料自身具有较好的快硬性(7天强度即可达到110kPa)，施工后很快就可以在其上面进行其它工程的施工。According to this ratio, 90kg of solidified material is added to each cubic meter of sludge, and the unconfined compressive strength of the solidified sludge can reach 110kPa in 7 days and 170kPa in 28 days. The water permeability coefficient of solidified silt is less than 10^-5 cm/s. Compared with using cement as a material, the cost can be saved by 21% to achieve the same curing effect. Moreover, this material itself has good rapid hardening (the strength can reach 110kPa in 7 days), and other projects can be constructed on it soon after construction.

实施例2：Example 2:

本发明各组分按以下重量百分比混合均匀而成：Each component of the present invention is mixed uniformly by following percentage by weight:

水泥                                          17.5％Cement 17.5%

粉煤灰                                        79.0％Fly ash 79.0%

石膏                                           3.5％Gypsum 3.5%

利用本配比，在每方淤泥中加入100kg固化材料，固化淤泥7天无侧限抗压强度可以达到100kPa，28天无侧限抗压强度可以达到150kPa。固化淤泥的透水系数小于10^-5cm/s。较之使用水泥一种材料，达到相同固化效果其费用可以节省18％。复合型淤泥固化材料固化反应方程式(1)～(7)：水解反应式(1)～(4)：                                  (1)                                   (2)                                           (3)   (4)水化反应(5)～(7)：                                        (5)                                    (6)                         (7)反应原理说明：由于在水泥的水解反应中会生成很多的Ca(OH)₂(如式1，2所示)，Ca(OH)₂微溶于水，当其覆盖在水泥表面时，会阻碍水泥的进一步反应，固化土的强度得不到进一步的提高。加入主要成份为SiO₂的粉煤灰，可以与Ca(OH)₂发生式(5)的反应，生成水化硅酸钙晶体，产生土粒间的胶结作用，也就是通常所说的火山灰反应，可以显著促进固化土的强度增长。石膏的固化反应机理如式(7)所示，生成的CaO·Al₂O₃·3CaSO₄·32H₂O称为钙矾石，具有32个结晶水，在其形成过程中固相体积将增长120％左右，可以起到填充孔隙和减小孔径的作用，对固化土的强度有很大贡献。Using this ratio, add 100kg of solidified material to each square of sludge, the unconfined compressive strength of solidified sludge can reach 100kPa in 7 days, and the unconfined compressive strength in 28 days can reach 150kPa. The water permeability coefficient of solidified silt is less than 10^-5 cm/s. Compared with using cement as a material, the cost can be saved by 18% to achieve the same curing effect. Solidification reaction equation (1)～(7) of composite sludge solidification material: Hydrolysis reaction formula (1)～(4): (1) (2) (3) (4) Hydration reaction (5)～(7): (5) (6) (7) Description of reaction principle: Since a lot of Ca(OH)₂ (as shown in formula 1 and 2) will be generated in the hydrolysis reaction of cement, Ca(OH)₂ is slightly soluble in water, when it covers the surface of cement , will hinder the further reaction of cement, and the strength of solidified soil cannot be further improved. Adding fly ash whose main component is SiO₂ can react with Ca(OH)₂ to generate formula (5) to form hydrated calcium silicate crystals, resulting in cementation between soil particles, which is commonly called pozzolanic reaction , can significantly promote the strength growth of solidified soil. The solidification reaction mechanism of gypsum is shown in formula (7). The generated CaO·Al₂ O₃ ·3CaSO₄ ·32H₂ O is called ettringite, which has 32 crystal waters, and the volume of the solid phase will increase during its formation About 120%, it can fill the pores and reduce the pore size, and has a great contribution to the strength of the solidified soil.

但是这两种物质与水泥的量之间存在着一个最佳的配比，这是由于在粉煤灰和石膏中含有一定量的CaO(粉煤灰中为20％左右，石膏中为30％左右)，它们在固化过程中，使固化土的体积产生一定的膨胀，当其膨胀量适宜时可以促进固化土的强度。但是当膨胀作用过大时，又会破坏水化硅酸钙在土粒间已形成的胶结作用，反而使强度下降。因此，本发明的关键在于加入的粉煤灰和石膏的量可以使固化过程中的膨胀填充作用和胶结作用达到最恰当的比例。从总体上发挥出各种材料的组合优势，从而达到促进固化效果、降低造价的目的。However, there is an optimal ratio between these two substances and the amount of cement, which is due to the fact that there is a certain amount of CaO in fly ash and gypsum (about 20% in fly ash and 30% in gypsum) During the solidification process, they cause the volume of the solidified soil to expand to a certain extent, and when the expansion amount is appropriate, it can promote the strength of the solidified soil. However, when the swelling effect is too large, it will destroy the cementation effect of calcium silicate hydrate formed between soil particles, and instead reduce the strength. Therefore, the key of the present invention is that the amount of the added fly ash and gypsum can make the expansion filling and cementation in the curing process reach the most appropriate ratio. On the whole, the combined advantages of various materials are brought into play, so as to achieve the purpose of promoting the curing effect and reducing the cost.

Claims (3)

Translated fromChinese

1、复合型淤泥固化材料，其特征是它的原料组分所占的重量百分比：1. Composite sludge solidification material is characterized by the weight percentage of its raw material components:水泥                                          15～25％Cement 15～25%粉煤灰                                      45～83.5％Fly ash 45～83.5%石膏                                        1.5～7.5％。其制备工艺：在水泥中按上述比例加入粉煤灰和石膏，混合均匀而制成。Gypsum 1.5-7.5%. Its preparation process: add fly ash and gypsum to cement according to the above ratio, and mix them evenly.2、根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型淤泥固化材料，其特征是它的原料组分所占的重量百分比：2. A composite sludge solidification material according to claim 1, characterized in that its raw material components account for the weight percentage:水泥                                            24.4％Cement 24.4%粉煤灰                                          73.2％Fly Ash 73.2%石膏                                            2.4％。Gypsum 2.4%.3、根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型淤泥固化材料，其特征是它的原料组分所占的重量百分比：3. A composite sludge solidification material according to claim 1, characterized in that its raw material components account for the weight percentage:水泥                                            17.5％Cement 17.5%粉煤灰                                          79.0％Fly Ash 79.0%石膏                                            3.5％。Gypsum 3.5%.

Images