Melt blown webbing is made the method and apparatus of elastic polyurethane nonwoven fabricTechnical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method and device of nonwoven fabric, particularly a kind of melt blown webbing is made the method and apparatus of elastic polyurethane nonwoven fabric.
Background technology
The melt blown webbing method is that extruded polymer is into the net a kind of, its technological principle is that the polymer melt that will extrude forms superfine staple fibre by thermal air current at a high speed or other means (for example centrifugal force, electrostatic force etc.), and agglomerating to perforated cylinder or curtain is online, bonding or heat bonding is reinforced and is made nonwoven fabric by self.It is the nonwoven fabric manufacturing of raw material that present this method has been widely used in thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene, polyester.Because poor flexibility, the Boardy Feeling of nonwoven fabric such as polypropylene, polyester, be restricted in the application of field of textiles.The present invention is raw material with the Polyurethane Thermoplastic Elastomer, has the elastic polyurethane nonwoven fabric of favorable elasticity by the meltblown manufacturing.At present domestic patent and the research report that does not still have this aspect.This method equipment is simple, and technological process is short, reduced investment, and also fibre number is thin, and structure is fluffy, and specific area is big, and flexibility is good, will be widely used at field of textiles.The flow process of this method and process conditions will directly influence the quality and the application of nonwoven fabric.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are to disclose the method and apparatus that a kind of melt blown webbing is made the elastic polyurethane nonwoven fabric, with defectives such as the poor flexibility that overcomes nonwoven fabric such as polypropylene that prior art makes, polyester, Boardy Feelings.
Method of the present invention comprises the steps:
With the thermoplastic polyurethane particle through screw extruder heating, fusion, be squeezed into melt, when melt when the spinneret orifice of die head is extruded, be subjected to the winding-up of spinneret orifice two side hot high pressure air-flows, melt is drawn into superfine fibre, autoadhesion forms the elastic polyurethane nonwoven fabric.
According to optimized technical scheme of the present invention, can be 65～100 thermoplastic polyurethane particle with hardness (Shao A), 80～120 ℃ of following vacuumizes 8～24 hours, remove the moisture in the particle, make the moisture content＜100PPM of particle;
In dried polyurethane particles feeding screw extruder, under 180～260 ℃ through the heating, fusion, be squeezed into melt, the flow velocity of melt is 0.5～5g/min, extrude from the spinneret orifice of die head, by spinneret orifice both sides flow velocity is 50～300m/sec, temperature is the winding-up of 280～500 ℃ thermal current, under the effect of strong high speed thermal current, melt is stretched and forms fiber number is 0.1～400 μ m superfine fibre, superfine fibre is subjected to the cooling of surrounding air, condensing upon from the shower nozzle distance is on the drum receiver at 5～35cm place, and autoadhesion forms elastic polyurethane nonwoven fabric of the present invention.
The thermoplastic polyurethane particle of being addressed comprises polyester-type and/or polyurethane and/or polyether-type (polytetramethylene butanediol ethere) polyurethane;
The polyester-type of being addressed comprises a kind of in poly-adipate glycol-propylene glycol ester, poly adipate succinic acid ester, the polycaprolactone;
The hardness of thermoplastic polyurethane (Shao A) is 65～100, and mean molecule quantity is 50000～750000;
The device that is used to implement the inventive method is a batch (-type) melt blown webbing equipment, comprises thermoplastic polyurethane transport system and air flow jetting system.
Method of the present invention compared with prior art has very significant advantage, equipment is simple, technological process is short, the fiber number of the elastic non-woven cloth of made is thin, specific area is big, flexibility is good, comfort is strong, and the vertical, horizontal elastic elongation can reach more than 200%, and poisture-penetrability can reach 650g/m2.day.Can be widely used in the fields such as making, dress ornament and packing of clothes, bio-medical, corrosion-resistant filtering material.Have development prospect, a preparation method of high value added product for a kind of.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
With 5 kilograms of hardness (Shao A) is 70 EU particle, and mean molecule quantity is 50000,80 ℃ of following vacuumizes 16 hours, makes the moisture content＜100PPM of particle.
Polyurethane particles after vacuumize feeding diameter is 45mm, and draw ratio is 24: 1, and compression ratio is that the temperature of melt is 200 ℃ in 3: 1 the screw extruder, makes that particle fully heats, fusion.
Polyurethane melt after the fusion comes out from screw extruder, is 300mm through width, and the spinneret orifice hole count is 200, and the aperture is the die head of 0.25mm, extrudes from the spinneret orifice of die head, and the flowing velocity of polyurethane melt is 1g/min.
When melt was extruded from spinneret orifice, being subjected to spinneret orifice both sides gas flow temperature was 270 ℃, and speed is the hot high pressure air-flow winding-up of 150m/sec, and the polyurethane melt is drawn as the superfine fibre of 10～200 μ m.
Superfine fibre is through the cooling of surrounding air, and condensing upon from the die head distance is on the drum receiver of 10cm, and autoadhesion forms the elastic polyurethane nonwoven fabric.
The cooling back is cut elastic non-woven cloth with blade and has been torn, and 60min then finalizes the design in 90 ℃ baking oven.
The mechanical property and the poisture-penetrability of table 1 EU elastic non-woven cloth
Longitudinal strength longitudinal extension rate transverse strength horizontal expansion rate poisture-penetrability
/MPa (％) /MPa (％) (g/m2.day)
10.32 317 5.43 258 751
Embodiment 2
With 5 kilograms of hardness (Shao A) is 95 PAUR particle, and mean molecule quantity is 70000,100 ℃ of following vacuumizes 16 hours, makes the moisture content＜100PPM of particle.
Polyurethane particles after vacuumize feeding diameter is 45mm, and draw ratio is 24: 1, and compression ratio is that the temperature of melt is 220～260 ℃ in 3: 1 the screw extruder, makes that particle fully heats, fusion.
Polyurethane melt after the fusion comes out from screw extruder, is 300mm through width, and the spinneret orifice hole count is 200, and the aperture is the die head of 0.25mm, extrudes from the spinneret orifice of die head, and the flowing velocity of polyurethane melt is 2g/min.
When melt was extruded from spinneret orifice, being subjected to spinneret orifice both sides gas flow temperature was 400 ℃, and speed is the hot high pressure air-flow winding-up of 450m/sec, and the polyurethane melt is drawn as the superfine fibre of 10～200 μ m.
Superfine fibre is through the cooling of surrounding air, and condensing upon from the die head distance is on the drum receiver of 30cm, and autoadhesion forms the elastic polyurethane nonwoven fabric.
The cooling back is cut elastic non-woven cloth with blade and has been torn, and 60min then finalizes the design in 110 ℃ baking oven.
The mechanical property and the poisture-penetrability of table 2 PAUR elastic non-woven cloth
Longitudinal strength longitudinal extension rate transverse strength horizontal expansion rate poisture-penetrability
/MPa (％) /MPa (％) (g/m2.day)
5.00 280 2.24 213 690