CN1403856A - Display device and manufacturing and driving method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

本发明的显示装置是在显示区内一并设置着由液晶显示元件反射外部显示的非发光显示元件组成的反射区、与由有机EL元件直接调制显示的发光元件组成的发光区。具备相互对向而成的第1基板和第2基板，上述光调制元件及发光元件都能设置在上述第1基板和第2基板之间。由此谋求小型化及降低成本，并能提供从野外至室内视觉识别性均优越的显示装置及其制造方法。

The display device of the present invention comprises a reflective area composed of a non-luminescent display element, such as a liquid crystal display element, which reflects the external display, and a luminescent area composed of a luminescent element, such as an organic EL element, which directly modulates the display. The display device comprises first and second opposing substrates, with both the light modulating element and the luminescent element positioned between them. This achieves miniaturization and cost reduction, while providing a display device and a method for manufacturing the same, offering excellent visual recognition both outdoors and indoors.

Description

Translated fromChinese

显示装置及其制造和驱动方法Display device and manufacturing and driving method thereof

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及利用液晶显示装置等非发光显示装置、有机电致发光元件等发光显示装置等的显示装置、及其制造方法和驱动方法。尤其涉及在显示区内同时设有非发光显示区及发光显示区的显示装置，发光显示装置及其制造方法以及它的驱动电路。The present invention relates to a display device using a non-light-emitting display device such as a liquid crystal display device, a light-emitting display device such as an organic electroluminescent element, and a manufacturing method and a driving method thereof. In particular, it relates to a display device with a non-luminous display area and a light-emitting display area in the display area, a light-emitting display device, a manufacturing method thereof, and a driving circuit thereof.

背景技术Background technique

近年来，移动电话及移动信息终端(PDA：Personal Date Assistant，个人数据助理)等广泛普及。随之，近年，附带在这些终端上的用来显示信息的显示装置的研发在在广泛进行。In recent years, mobile phones and mobile information terminals (PDA: Personal Date Assistant, personal data assistant), etc. have been widely used. Accordingly, in recent years, research and development of display devices for displaying information attached to these terminals has been widely carried out.

上述的显示装置大致可分为非发光型显示装置与发光型显示装置二类，前者是将阳光、室内光、背景灯、正面光等的来自外部光源的光经光调制元件调整后进行显示，作为其代表，人们已知的是液晶显示元件；而后者则不必要有外部光源，靠发光元件自身发光来显示，作为其代表，电致发光器件(ElectroLuminescence)正受到人们十分关注，下面，对这些显示装置作进一步详细说明。The above-mentioned display devices can be roughly divided into two types: non-luminous display devices and luminous display devices. The former displays light from external light sources such as sunlight, indoor light, background light, and front light after being adjusted by light modulation elements. As its representative, liquid crystal display elements are known; and the latter does not need an external light source, and is displayed by the light-emitting element itself. As its representative, electroluminescent devices (ElectroLuminescence) are receiving great attention. Below, the These display devices are described in further detail.

首先，就利用外部光源的非发光型显示装置即透光式液晶显示装置来说，由于以背景灯作为光源，故消耗电力大、外形大，对于携带使用不利，因此，为了抑制上述问题之一的电力消耗，开发出一种将液晶层下部的电极用铝等的能反射光的金属来制作，以此，开发了作为光源利用太阳光及室内灯光等外部光源的反射型液晶显示装置。而这种反射型液晶显示装置是利用外部光源工作，所以难以在暗处使用。First of all, as for the non-luminous display device using external light sources, that is, the transmissive liquid crystal display device, since the backlight is used as the light source, the power consumption is large and the appearance is large, which is not good for carrying. Therefore, in order to suppress one of the above problems In order to reduce the power consumption, a reflective liquid crystal display device that uses external light sources such as sunlight and indoor lights as a light source has been developed by making the electrodes at the bottom of the liquid crystal layer out of light-reflecting metals such as aluminum. However, such a reflective liquid crystal display device operates by using an external light source, so it is difficult to use it in a dark place.

为了解决这一问题，开发了一种透光型显示装置，将液晶层下部电极用半透镜制成，在亮的环境下可不使用背景灯而进行反射型显示，而在暗的场所时，点亮背景灯进行透光型显示。但所述半透光型显示装置中，光反射的部分与光透过的部分使用了相反的特性，这就降低了光利用效率，因此，不能根本改善降低电力消耗。In order to solve this problem, a light-transmitting display device has been developed. The lower electrode of the liquid crystal layer is made of a semi-mirror. In a bright environment, a reflective display can be performed without using a backlight. Light the backlight for light-transmitting display. However, in the semi-transmissive display device, the light reflection part and the light transmission part use opposite characteristics, which reduces the light utilization efficiency, and therefore cannot fundamentally improve and reduce power consumption.

因此，本发明者研究了一种既能在亮环境下不用背景灯而作为反射型使用、在暗处时点亮背景灯而作为透光型使用的液晶娴熟装置(参照美国专利公报“Patent No.：US6,195,140B1，Date of Patent：Feb，27，2001”即日本国公开特许公报“特开平11-101992号公报(公开日，1999年4月13日)。Therefore, the present inventor has studied a kind of liquid crystal display device that can be used as a reflective type without a backlight in a bright environment, and as a transmissive type with a lighted backlight in a dark place (refer to U.S. Patent Publication "Patent No. .: US6,195,140B1, Date of Patent: Feb, 27, 2001" that is, the Japanese Open Patent Gazette "JP 11-101992 Gazette (public date, April 13, 1999).

该液晶显示装置与使用减少膜厚并使其具有半透光性的反射片的以往的液晶显示装置不同，在液晶显示装置中将各显示像素分反射区和透过区二个区，即所述液晶显示装置作为各显示像素的一个区，形成反射电极，并作为反射区；另一方面，在各显示像素的其他区中形成透过电极，一并设置定为透过区，另外使反射区的液晶层厚度与透过区的液晶层厚度不同，这样就可能在反射区和透过区的各个区内实现最佳亮度。This liquid crystal display device is different from the conventional liquid crystal display device that uses a reflective sheet that reduces the film thickness and makes it semi-transparent. The above-mentioned liquid crystal display device is used as a region of each display pixel to form a reflective electrode, which is used as a reflective region; The thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the reflective area is different from that in the transmissive area, so that it is possible to achieve optimum brightness in each of the reflective and transmissive areas.

然而在上述的像素分割型的液晶装置中，虽将背景灯从后方对各像素的整个区进行照射，而能够利用该背景灯的仅是各像素的透过区，因此存在着背景灯利用率低的问题，尤其是在反射电极的区比率高的情况下，必然透过区会变窄，故背景灯利用率降低。However, in the above-mentioned pixel division type liquid crystal device, although the backlight is used to irradiate the entire area of each pixel from the rear, and only the transmission area of each pixel can be utilized, so there is a low utilization rate of the backlight. Especially in the case of a high area ratio of the reflective electrode, the transmission area must be narrowed, so the utilization rate of the backlight is reduced.

作为提高上述像素分割型液晶显示装置的背景灯利用率的一例，例如有日本国公开将许报“特开2001-66593号公报(公开日2001年3月16日)，公开的像素分割型液晶显示装置。在该液晶显示装置300中，如图41所示，首先，在液晶屏301的各像素302…上所配置的反射电极303一部分上设置透过开口部304…，由此形成像素分割型的液晶显示装置，另外，该液晶显示装置300中，作为背景灯采用由有机EL(电致发光)元件310组成的发光元件，另一方面该有机EL元件310的发光部311…不是配置在各像素302…的整个区上，只配置在对应于透过开口部304的区，这样，由于将作成图案的有机EL元件作为背景灯组入，提高了光的利用率，降低电力消耗。As an example of improving the utilization rate of the backlight of the above-mentioned pixel division type liquid crystal display device, for example, there is a Japanese publication "JP-A-2001-66593 (publication date: March 16, 2001), which discloses a pixel division type liquid crystal display device. Display device. In this liquidcrystal display device 300, as shown in FIG. type liquid crystal display device. In addition, in this liquidcrystal display device 300, a light-emitting element composed of an organic EL (electroluminescent)element 310 is used as a backlight. On the other hand, the light-emittingpart 311 of theorganic EL element 310 is not disposed Eachpixel 302 ... is only arranged in the area corresponding to thetransmission opening 304. In this way, since the patterned organic EL element is incorporated as a backlight, the utilization rate of light is improved and power consumption is reduced.

在此，对于作为发光显示装置代表的、使用上述有机EL元件的显示装置，它具有薄、轻的特点，不用照光也能在暗处使用，并且，所发射的光几乎全部用于显示，所以光利用效率高，但是，这种用有机EL元件的显示装置必须经常发光，尤其在亮环境下为提高显示质量，必须增加其发光量，因此难以实现降低电耗。Here, as a representative light-emitting display device, a display device using the above-mentioned organic EL element is thin and light, can be used in a dark place without lighting, and almost all of the emitted light is used for display, so Light utilization efficiency is high, but such a display device using an organic EL element must always emit light. Especially in a bright environment, in order to improve the display quality, the amount of light emission must be increased, so it is difficult to reduce power consumption.

然而，在图41所示的像素分割型液晶显示装置中，为了在液晶屏301的外侧配置作为发光元件的有机EL元件310，在反射电极303的透过开口部304…与有机EL元件310之间，装有相差片305、偏振片306及二片玻璃基板即玻璃基板307及玻璃基板312。当今，一般像素间距为80μm左右，这种场合下，透过开口部104的宽度是它的1/2到1/6，约15μm至40μm，因此，偏振片306的厚度约为300μm，厚为500～700μm的玻璃以基板液晶屏301的玻璃基板307和有机EL元件310的玻璃基板312的形式存在。因此，反射电极303的透过开口部304与有机EL元件310之间的距离为1300μm～1700μm，因而尽管将有机EL元件310的发光体311设置在透过开口部304相对应的位置上，也不可能使有机EL元件310的发光体311所发出的光会全部射入透过开口部304，因此，依然存在着有机EL元件110照射效率不高的问题。However, in the pixel division type liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. Between them, aphase difference film 305, a polarizingfilm 306 and two glass substrates, namely aglass substrate 307 and aglass substrate 312, are installed. Today, the general pixel pitch is about 80 μm. In this case, the width of the transmission opening 104 is 1/2 to 1/6 of it, about 15 μm to 40 μm. Therefore, the thickness of thepolarizer 306 is about 300 μm, which is Glass of 500 to 700 μm exists as theglass substrate 307 of the substrateliquid crystal panel 301 and theglass substrate 312 of theorganic EL element 310 . Therefore, the distance between the transmission opening 304 of thereflective electrode 303 and theorganic EL element 310 is 1300 μm to 1700 μm, so even though the illuminant 311 of theorganic EL element 310 is arranged at a position corresponding to thetransmission opening 304, It is impossible to make all the light emitted by the illuminant 311 of theorganic EL element 310 enter the transmission opening 304 , so there is still a problem that the illumination efficiency of theorganic EL element 110 is not high.

又，图41所示的像素分割型液晶显示装置中，重叠基板这一点仍不变。此外，对于其薄形化方面，液晶显示装置厚度与有机EL元件厚度的总厚度有界限，故薄形化的问题仍然没有解决，还有，在图41结构的情况下，有必要将液晶显示装置的透过开口部304与有机EL元件310的形成部预先定位并固定，为此，必须要有专用的定位装置及固定用的机构，使得部件数目增加，成本上升。Also, in the pixel division type liquid crystal display device shown in FIG. 41, the point of overlapping substrates remains unchanged. In addition, in terms of its thinning, the thickness of the liquid crystal display device and the total thickness of the organic EL element have a limit, so the problem of thinning has not yet been solved. Also, in the case of the structure of FIG. 41, it is necessary to make the liquid crystal display The transmission opening 304 of the device and the forming part of theorganic EL element 310 are pre-positioned and fixed. For this purpose, a dedicated positioning device and a fixing mechanism are required, which increases the number of components and increases the cost.

另一方面，如上所述，反射型液晶显示装置是以提高室外的视觉识别性为目的而开发的，室外的光线强，视觉识别性当然优越，反之，它就不能在室内或晚间使用，因此，如果使用反射型液晶显示装置的话，作为外光的代用，相应要研究引入从前方照射的正面光，该对于正面光使用有机EL元件的示例公开在日本国公开特许公报“特开2000-75287号公报(公开日2000年3月14日)上，然而，这种场合也如在透过型液晶显示装置上导入背景灯的情况一样，存在着由于显示装置与辅助光源的厚度而致使整体厚度变厚的问题。On the other hand, as mentioned above, reflective liquid crystal display devices are developed for the purpose of improving outdoor visibility. The outdoor light is strong, and the visibility is of course superior. On the contrary, it cannot be used indoors or at night. Therefore, , if a reflective liquid crystal display device is used, as a substitute for external light, it is necessary to study the introduction of front light irradiated from the front. The example of using an organic EL element for the front light is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 2000-75287 However, in this case, as in the case of introducing a backlight on a transmissive liquid crystal display device, there is a problem that the overall thickness of the display device and the auxiliary light source is reduced. problem of thickening.

另外，如上所述，通过在一块底板上形成液晶显示元件及有机EL元件，从而能弥补各自的缺点，在各种情况下作最佳的显示。In addition, as described above, by forming the liquid crystal display element and the organic EL element on one substrate, it is possible to make up for their respective disadvantages, and to provide optimum display in each case.

但是，在上述显示装置中，若在一块底板上单纯形成液晶显示元件和有机EL元件，则底板的布线驱动电路变得复杂，制造成品率，成本等构成为问题。However, in the above-mentioned display device, if the liquid crystal display element and the organic EL element are simply formed on a single substrate, the wiring driving circuit on the substrate becomes complicated, and problems such as manufacturing yield and cost arise.

另一方面，作为其他的问题，对于具有作为发光元件的有机EL元件的发光显示装置，在进行制造时存在以下问题，On the other hand, as another problem, there are the following problems when manufacturing a light-emitting display device having an organic EL element as a light-emitting element.

例如在日本国公开特许公报“特开2000-173770号公报(公开日，2000年6月23日)公开了如下技术，在一块基板上，形成有机EL元件的驱动回路即TFT薄膜半导体电路，再在其上形成作为阴极的金属电极及形成有机EL层的有机层的一部分，再在另外一块基板上形成阳极层以后，再在其上形成发光层，最后，将双片基板叠合，通过加热或加压，使有机层在玻璃层转移温度以上的温度下接合。For example, the following technology is disclosed in Japan's patent publication "JP-A-2000-173770 (publication date, June 23, 2000). Form the metal electrode as the cathode and a part of the organic layer forming the organic EL layer on it, and then form the anode layer on another substrate, and then form the light-emitting layer on it. Finally, the two substrates are stacked and heated. Alternatively, pressure is applied to join the organic layers at a temperature equal to or higher than the glass transition temperature.

又，在日本国公开特许公报“特开2001-43980号公报(公开日，2001年2月16日)”中公开了下述技术，在基板上(TFT基板也可)先形成阳电极(阳极)在其上顺次叠层作为有机EL层的正孔注入层、正孔输送层及发光层，此后极薄地形成作为阴极的低工作函数的金属层，最后形成透明导电层。In addition, the following technology is disclosed in the Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication "JP-A-2001-43980 (publication date, February 16, 2001)". An anode electrode (anode ) sequentially laminate the positive hole injection layer, the positive hole transport layer and the luminescent layer as the organic EL layer, and then form a metal layer with a low work function as the cathode very thinly, and finally form a transparent conductive layer.

这里，上述两公报任之一中，都使得从有机EL元件出射的光不是从形成该有机EL元件的驱动电回路的基板侧出射，而是从与其对向设定的对向基板或保护层一侧出射，这样，与从电路形成侧出射的场合相比，出射光不致被电路布线图案遮挡，因此可以加大开口率，提高壳度和发光效率，提高可靠性，延长使用寿命。Here, in any of the above-mentioned two publications, the light emitted from the organic EL element is not emitted from the substrate side forming the driving circuit of the organic EL element, but from the opposite substrate or protective layer set opposite to it. In this way, compared with the case of emitting from the side where the circuit is formed, the emitted light will not be blocked by the circuit wiring pattern, so the aperture ratio can be increased, the shell size and luminous efficiency can be improved, the reliability can be improved, and the service life can be extended.

另外，驱动电路的形成侧，甚至以往用作开口部的面积，这里也够形成电路，并留有电路设计的余地，在提高可靠性和成品率的同时，能够形成进一步增强功能的电路，具体地在上述特开2000-173770号公报中，通过分开形成驱动电路侧与发光层侧分开来实现，上述特开2001-43980号公报中，将阴极电极做得极薄来实现。In addition, on the formation side of the driving circuit, even the area used as the opening in the past is enough to form the circuit here, and there is room for circuit design. While improving reliability and yield, it is possible to form a circuit with further enhanced functions. In the aforementioned JP-A No. 2000-173770, this is achieved by forming the drive circuit side and the light-emitting layer side separately, and in the aforementioned JP-A No. 2001-43980, it is achieved by making the cathode electrode extremely thin.

这里，对于有机EL元件从发光功能的可靠性观点出发，要特别注意不要混入水分，再者，也有由于氧化，受主掺杂而导致有机导电体性能劣化，还有，作为阴极使用的金属有镁(mg)、锂(Li)、钙(Ca)等工作函数低的材料，特别容易氧化，成形加工困难。Here, for the organic EL element, from the viewpoint of the reliability of the light-emitting function, special care should be taken not to mix water. Furthermore, there are also cases where the performance of the organic conductor is deteriorated due to oxidation and acceptor doping. Also, the metal used as the cathode has Materials with low work functions such as magnesium (mg), lithium (Li), and calcium (Ca) are particularly prone to oxidation and difficult to form and process.

这样，有机EL元件虽然构造单纯，但特点在于，所用的材料性能容易受外周围环境的影响，因此在形成EL元件式，要尽量在隔断水分及氧气的环境下形成，并且最好同时形成保护发光层的保护层。In this way, although the structure of the organic EL element is simple, the characteristic is that the properties of the materials used are easily affected by the external environment. Protective layer for the luminescent layer.

这一点，在上述特开2000-173770号公报中，为了通过形成有机EL元件的有机层的一部分进行接合，因此在接合时暴露在含有水分和氧气的气氛中的可能性很大，故可靠性成为一个问题。In this regard, in the above-mentioned Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2000-173770, in order to form a part of the organic layer of the organic EL element for bonding, there is a high possibility of being exposed to an atmosphere containing moisture and oxygen during bonding, so reliability become a problem.

又，形成有机EL元件的有机层都用约1000左右的薄膜，贴合时在两基板侧上形成其一部分，在温度上升到玻璃转化点以上的过程中，膜质及其性能的均一性往往会受到破坏。In addition, the organic layer forming the organic EL element is made of a thin film of about 1000 Å, and a part of it is formed on the sides of the two substrates when bonding, and the uniformity of the film quality and its performance is guaranteed when the temperature rises above the glass transition point. tend to be damaged.

又，在上述特开2001-43980号公报中，在出射光的一侧有金属制的阴极，尽管极薄，也会存在由此引起的透过损耗，另外正因为阴电极极薄，因此，与形成在其上的透明导电层及有机导电层中含有的氧气结合而导致性能劣化、以及在形成透明导电层时的温度对发光层的影响，成为要研究的问题。Also, in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-43980, there is a metal cathode on the light-emitting side. Although it is extremely thin, there will be a transmission loss caused by it. In addition, because the cathode electrode is extremely thin, therefore, Combining with oxygen contained in the transparent conductive layer and the organic conductive layer formed thereon to cause performance degradation, and the influence of the temperature when forming the transparent conductive layer on the light-emitting layer have become issues to be studied.

又，根据上述特开2000-173770号公报，由于阳极侧为透明导电膜，比通常导体具有较高的阻抗，因此在做成屏板时，由于透明导电膜造成的电力损耗会引起图像画面产生光斑等问题。In addition, according to the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2000-173770, since the anode side is a transparent conductive film, which has higher impedance than ordinary conductors, when it is made into a screen panel, the power loss caused by the transparent conductive film will cause the generation of an image. Spots and other issues.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的在于，提供一种小型、低价且从在室外到室内视觉识别性均优良的显示装置及其制造和驱动方法。An object of the present invention is to provide a small, low-cost display device with excellent visibility from outdoors to indoors, and a method of manufacturing and driving the same.

为了达到以上目的，本发明的显示装置中，在显示区里，包括由光调制元件反射外来光来进行显示的非发光显示元件组成的第一显示区以及由发光元件直接调制并进行显示的显示元件组成的第二显示区，并同时设置上述第一显示区和第二显示区。In order to achieve the above object, in the display device of the present invention, in the display area, it includes a first display area composed of a non-luminous display element that reflects external light to display by a light modulation element, and a display area that is directly modulated and displayed by a light-emitting element. The second display area composed of components, and the above-mentioned first display area and the second display area are set at the same time.

因此，本发明的发光元件不同于以往那样地将发光元件作为背景灯和正面光来使用，而是向着显示面一侧以自身的发光直接进行显示。藉此可以提高发光元件所发出的光的利用率，同时也可使显示装置的厚度变薄，即是说，背背景灯景灯的厚度通常为3～6mm左右，因此，由于不采用背景灯而带来的厚度减小的优点是非常大的，首先，不需要背景灯是指，不需要以往的设置在液晶屏的背面与背景灯之间偏振片、相差片以及玻璃基板。因此，由于不需要这些偏振片、相差片和玻璃基板变得均不，显示装置的厚度可以更加薄。Therefore, the light-emitting element of the present invention is different from the conventional use of the light-emitting element as a backlight and a front light, and displays directly by its own light emission toward the display surface side. In this way, the utilization rate of the light emitted by the light-emitting element can be improved, and at the same time, the thickness of the display device can be thinned. The advantage of reducing the thickness is very large. First, no backlight is required, which means that there is no need for polarizers, phase difference plates, and glass substrates that were installed between the back of the LCD screen and the backlight. Therefore, since these polarizing plates, phase difference plates, and glass substrates do not need to be uniform, the thickness of the display device can be thinner.

又，由于不必对形成图案的发光元件的背景灯进行定位，可以省略为此而备的专用装置、固定机构，则可减少部件数量、缩减工序，由此，可以降低成本支出。Moreover, since it is not necessary to position the backlight of the patterned light-emitting element, special devices and fixing mechanisms prepared for this purpose can be omitted, and the number of parts and processes can be reduced, thereby reducing costs.

而且，不需要背景灯与背面侧偏振片及相差片的优点在于，不仅限于显示装置整体厚度的变薄，也就是说，减少部件数量这一点来讲不仅对于材料费，而且组装人工数和各种部件检查等所需费用也能削减，故显示装置整体上的制造成本下降。Furthermore, the advantage of not requiring a backlight, a polarizing plate on the rear side, and a phase difference plate is not only limited to the thinning of the overall thickness of the display device, that is, the reduction in the number of parts is not only for the cost of materials, but also for the number of assembly labor and each The cost required for inspection of various parts can also be reduced, so that the manufacturing cost of the display device as a whole can be reduced.

还有，对于发明那样的例如像素分割方式等的显示区分割方式的显示装置，能够将第一显示区与第二显示区之比任意地设定为一定程度，由此，例如在使用于手机、信息携带终端(PDA)等移动设备中的场合下，通常，将反射区即第一显示区的比率增大，例如使得显示像素的像素面积中80％为反射区时，发光区即第二显示区为20％，因此发光元件的发光面积即使为最大也只需像素面积的1/5就可以了，这一点意味着能够减少电力消耗。In addition, for the display device of the display area division method such as the pixel division method as in the invention, the ratio of the first display area to the second display area can be set to a certain degree arbitrarily, thereby, for example, when used in a mobile phone , information portable terminal (PDA) and other mobile devices, generally, the ratio of the reflective area, that is, the first display area, is increased, for example, when 80% of the pixel area of the display pixel is the reflective area, the light-emitting area, that is, the second The display area is 20%, so even if the light-emitting element's light-emitting area is the largest, it only needs 1/5 of the pixel area, which means that power consumption can be reduced.

因此，能提供一种小型、廉价，同时无论野外或室内其视觉识别性能均优越的显示装置。Therefore, it is possible to provide a display device that is small, inexpensive, and excellent in visual recognition performance outdoors or indoors.

又，本发明的显示装置还具有相互对向的第一基板和第二基板，所述光调整元件及发光元件都设置在所述第一基板和第二基板之间，因而将光调制元件及发光元件都仅收容在第一基板和第二基板之间，从而使显示装置的厚度能确实减薄。In addition, the display device of the present invention further has a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other, and the light adjustment element and the light emitting element are arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, so that the light modulation element and the light emitting element The light-emitting elements are only accommodated between the first substrate and the second substrate, so that the thickness of the display device can be reliably reduced.

又，本发明的显示装置是在所述记载的显示装置内，光调整元件的光调制层与发光元件的发光层同层设置，这里所谓的同层并不意味为同一水平位置，在发光元件的光调制层内可包含发光元件的发光层。Moreover, in the display device of the present invention, in the display device described above, the light modulation layer of the light adjustment element and the light-emitting layer of the light-emitting element are arranged on the same layer, and the so-called same layer here does not mean the same horizontal position, and the light-emitting element A light-emitting layer of a light-emitting element may be included in the light-modulating layer.

根据所述发明，发光元件与光调制元件的光调制层设置在同一层，因此，在以往由光调制元件形成的非发光显示元件的厚度范围内，能够收容发光元件，结果能确实地减薄显示装置的厚度。According to the above-mentioned invention, since the light-modulating layer of the light-emitting element and the light-modulating element is provided on the same layer, the light-emitting element can be accommodated within the thickness range of the conventional non-light-emitting display element formed by the light-modulating element, and as a result, the thickness can be reliably reduced. Displays the thickness of the device.

又，本发明的显示装置，在其显示区内一并设置由光调制元件反射外光进行显示的非发光显示元件所组成的第一显示区、发光元件直接调制并进行显示的发光显示元件所组成的第二显示区，同时还具备相相互对设置的第一基板和第二基板，所述光调制元件及发光元件都设置在第一基板与第二基板之间，并且在所述第二显示区内，在所述第一基板上顺次叠层所述发光元件和光调制元件的光调制层。Also, in the display device of the present invention, a first display area composed of non-luminous display elements that reflect external light for display by light modulation elements and a light-emitting display element that directly modulates and displays light-emitting elements are provided in the display area. The second display area is composed of a first substrate and a second substrate opposite to each other, the light modulation element and the light emitting element are both arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the second substrate In the display area, the light modulation layer of the light emitting element and the light modulation element is sequentially laminated on the first substrate.

根据所述发明，在第二显示区内，在所述第一基板上所述发光元件和光调制元件的光调制层顺次叠层，因此，光调制元件及发光元件都被收容在第一基板与第二基板之间，因此显示装置的厚度能确实减薄，并且，尽管光调制层可在发光元件的表面侧层叠，发光元件被设置在第一基板与第二基板之间，因此，发光元件的显示光全部出射到第二显示区。因而，光的利用率非常高。According to the above-mentioned invention, in the second display area, the light modulation layers of the light-emitting element and the light-modulating element are sequentially laminated on the first substrate, so that the light-modulating element and the light-emitting element are both accommodated on the first substrate. and the second substrate, so the thickness of the display device can be surely reduced, and, although the light modulation layer may be laminated on the surface side of the light emitting element, the light emitting element is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, and therefore, emits light All the display light of the element is emitted to the second display area. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of light is very high.

由此，能够提供一种确保更高照射效率、不仅提高亮度且能减少显示装置厚度以及降低部件费用的显示装置。Accordingly, it is possible to provide a display device that ensures higher irradiation efficiency, improves luminance, reduces thickness of the display device, and reduces component costs.

又，本发明的显示装置能够相互共用以所述光调制元件及发光元件驱动矩阵状配置的所述各显示区的各数据信号线及各扫描信号线。In addition, the display device of the present invention can share the data signal lines and the scanning signal lines of the respective display regions arranged in a driving matrix with the light modulation elements and light emitting elements.

因此，能够提供一种在显示区内形成两个显示元件时可防止电路构成复杂化、并且制造成品率高且成本低的显示装置。Therefore, it is possible to provide a low-cost display device that prevents the circuit configuration from being complicated when two display elements are formed in the display region, and that has high manufacturing yield.

又，本发明的显示装置的制造方法，在制造所述的非发光显示元件与发光显示元件并用的显示装置时，当在第一基板上形成驱动电路，在第二基板上形成发光元件后，将形成这些驱动电路的第一基板侧和形成发光元件的第二基板侧相合成一体。In addition, in the method for manufacturing a display device of the present invention, when manufacturing the display device in which the above-mentioned non-luminescent display element and light-emitting display element are used together, after forming a driving circuit on the first substrate and forming a light-emitting element on the second substrate, The first substrate side on which these drive circuits are formed and the second substrate side on which the light emitting elements are formed are integrated.

在制造显示装置时，可将发光元件及驱动发光元件和光调制元件的驱动元件以另外方法形成，因此，在发光元件形成时不会受到驱动元件形成时的工序温度、药品、气体等的影响。When manufacturing a display device, the light-emitting element and the driving element for driving the light-emitting element and the light modulation element can be formed separately, so the formation of the light-emitting element will not be affected by the process temperature, chemicals, gases, etc. during the formation of the driving element.

又，本发明的显示装置，为了解决上述问题，由显示元件单独形成，在第一基板上形成了驱动电路的第一基板侧、与在第二基板上形成包括二个发光元件用电极在内的发光元件成的第二基板侧贴合在一起。Also, the display device of the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, is formed by the display element alone, the first substrate side of the driving circuit is formed on the first substrate, and the electrode including two light-emitting elements is formed on the second substrate. The light-emitting elements are bonded together into the second substrate side.

又，本发明的显示装置，在所述记载的显示装置中，发光元件由有机电致发光元件形成，在形成所述有机电致发光元件的第二基板侧，在有机电致发光元件上的阴极形成之后，与第一基板侧贴合在一起。In addition, in the display device of the present invention, in the display device described above, the light-emitting element is formed by an organic electroluminescent element, and on the side of the second substrate where the organic electroluminescent element is formed, on the organic electroluminescent element After the cathode is formed, it is bonded together with the first substrate side.

根据所述发明，对于单由发光元件形成的装置，形成作为发光元件的有机电致发光元件(以下称作“有机EL元件”)的第二基板侧，在有机EL元件上作为发光元件用电极的阴极电极形成以后，与第一基板侧贴合在一起。According to the above-mentioned invention, for a device formed of only a light-emitting element, the second substrate side of an organic electroluminescence element (hereinafter referred to as "organic EL element") as a light-emitting element is formed, and an electrode for a light-emitting element is formed on the organic EL element. After the cathode electrode is formed, it is bonded together with the first substrate side.

藉此，使从有机EL元件出射的光不是从驱动有机EL元件的驱动电路的基板侧出射，而从与其对向设置的对向基板或保护层侧出射，因此，与所述以往技术中的光出射方向相同，与向驱动电路形成侧出射的构造相比，同样地具有下述基本优点。Thereby, the light emitted from the organic EL element is not emitted from the substrate side of the driving circuit for driving the organic EL element, but emitted from the opposite substrate or the protective layer side provided opposite to it. Therefore, it is different from the prior art. The direction of light emission is the same, and compared with the structure in which the light is emitted toward the side where the driving circuit is formed, it also has the following basic advantages.

首先，由于分别形成设置驱动电路的第一基板侧与有机EL元件。因此，可以分别独立地组合制造工序，因而不受温度、气体以及药品等的影响，提高了可靠性。First, since the first substrate side where the drive circuit is provided and the organic EL element are formed separately. Therefore, the manufacturing processes can be combined independently, so that they are not affected by temperature, gas, chemicals, etc., and the reliability is improved.

又，由于所述结构，可以使光出射到形成了有机EL元件的第二基板侧，这样，可以不影响驱动电路侧的开口率而将发光区设定为更宽。由此，能提高亮度，而且由于发光面积较大，获得相同亮度所需的每单位面积电流量可降低，则可以实现延长使用寿命、以及利用发光效率提高来减少电能消耗。Also, due to the above structure, light can be emitted to the second substrate side where the organic EL element is formed, so that the light emitting area can be set wider without affecting the aperture ratio on the drive circuit side. Therefore, the brightness can be improved, and since the light-emitting area is larger, the amount of current per unit area required to obtain the same brightness can be reduced, so that the service life can be extended and the power consumption can be reduced by improving the luminous efficiency.

又，由于光出射到形成有驱动电路的第一基板侧，第一基板侧可以在整个面上形成驱动电路，因此，能够自由设定驱动电路的TFT(Thin FilmTransistor，薄膜晶体管)的大小，或在TFT生成区上留有余地，从而能形成需要紧密控制的电路，另外，由于布线宽度也有了余地，使驱动电路可靠性更高，成品合格率也更高。Also, since the light is emitted to the first substrate side on which the driving circuit is formed, the driving circuit can be formed on the entire surface of the first substrate side, so the size of the TFT (Thin Film Transistor, thin film transistor) of the driving circuit can be freely set, or There is room in the TFT generation area, so that circuits that need to be tightly controlled can be formed. In addition, because there is room for wiring width, the reliability of the driving circuit is higher, and the yield of finished products is also higher.

又，在本发明的显示装置的驱动方法中，采用一并设置非发光显示元件与发光显示元件的显示装置，并且，将各显示区内的图像信号的单位时间即1个场分割成多个，在每个各分割其间使光调制元件或发光元件进行通—断动作。Also, in the method for driving a display device according to the present invention, a display device in which a non-light-emitting display element and a light-emitting display element are provided together is used, and one field, which is a unit time of an image signal in each display area, is divided into a plurality of , make the light modulation element or light emitting element perform on-off operation during each division.

根据所述发明，对于一并设置驱动非发光显示元件与发光显示元件的显示装置，通过将1个场分割成几个，在每个分割期间令光调制元件或发光元件进行通—断动作，可以控制1个场中的光调制元件或发光元件的总导通时间，进一步使这种点灯布线图案的种类多样化，并且能有效地进行驱动。According to the above invention, in a display device in which a non-luminous display element and a light-emitting display element are driven together, by dividing one field into several, the light modulation element or the light-emitting element is turned on-off in each divided period, The total ON time of the light modulation elements or light emitting elements in one field can be controlled, and the types of such lighting wiring patterns can be further diversified and driven efficiently.

又，通过上述时间上控制光调制元件或发光元件的导通时间，能够显示图像信号的灰度等级。In addition, by temporally controlling the conduction time of the light modulation element or the light emitting element as described above, it is possible to display the gradation of the image signal.

因此，当两个显示元件形成在一个显示区内时，要防止电路构造复杂化，能提供一种制造时合格率高、低成本、效率高，并能有良好灰度等级显示的显示装置的驱动方法。Therefore, when two display elements are formed in one display area, it is necessary to prevent the circuit structure from being complicated, and to provide a display device with high yield, low cost, high efficiency, and good gray scale display during manufacture. drive method.

本发明的其他目的，特微和优点详见以不记载就可充分了解，另外，关于本发明的优点参照附图并阅读以下说明，可以明确。Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be fully understood by referring to the details without description. In addition, the advantages of the present invention can be clarified by reading the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是表示本发明的显示装置一实施形态，它是表示该表示显示装置中一个像素的断面图。Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a display device according to the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view showing a pixel in the display device.

图2是表示本发明概要，它是表示显示环境与消耗电能的关系图。Fig. 2 shows the outline of the present invention, and it is a diagram showing the relationship between the display environment and the power consumption.

图3是表示本发明概要，它是表示显示环境与亮度的关系图。Fig. 3 shows the outline of the present invention, and is a diagram showing the relationship between the display environment and brightness.

图4(a)～图4(c)是表示所述显示装置中的对向基板的制造方法的说明图。4( a ) to 4( c ) are explanatory diagrams showing a method of manufacturing the counter substrate in the display device.

图5(a)及图5(b)是表示所述显示装置中TFT基板制造方法的说明图。5( a ) and FIG. 5( b ) are explanatory diagrams showing a method of manufacturing a TFT substrate in the display device.

图6是表示将金属电极沿有机EL元件的阳极在黑色矩阵下形成显示装置断面图。Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device formed by forming a metal electrode along an anode of an organic EL element under a black matrix.

图7是表示将金属电极形成在有机EL元件的层构造上并在黑色矩阵下形成的显示装置断面图。7 is a cross-sectional view showing a display device in which metal electrodes are formed on the layer structure of an organic EL element and formed under a black matrix.

图8(a)及图8(b)是表示所述显示装置的对向基板与TFT基板贴合状态的说明图。8( a ) and FIG. 8( b ) are explanatory diagrams showing the bonding state of the counter substrate and the TFT substrate of the display device.

图9是所述显示装置中共用信号线并进行驱动时的1个像素的驱动电路图。FIG. 9 is a drive circuit diagram of one pixel when the signal line is shared and driven in the display device.

图10是表示所述显示装置在共用信号线并进行驱动时一个像素的驱动电路的变形例的驱动电路图。FIG. 10 is a drive circuit diagram showing a modified example of a drive circuit for one pixel when the display device is driven using a common signal line.

图11是表示所述显示装置的显示状态特性图。FIG. 11 is a graph showing display state characteristics of the display device.

图12表示本发明的显示装置的另一实施形态，它是表示显示装置中的一个像素的断面图。Fig. 12 shows another embodiment of the display device of the present invention, which is a cross-sectional view showing one pixel of the display device.

图13(a)～图13(c)是表示所述显示装置中对向基板制造方法的说明图。13( a ) to 13( c ) are explanatory diagrams showing a method of manufacturing a counter substrate in the display device.

图14是表示所述显示装置中TFT基板制造方法的说明图。FIG. 14 is an explanatory view showing a method of manufacturing a TFT substrate in the display device.

图15(a)及图15(b)是表示所述显示装置的对向基板与TFT基板贴合状态的说明图。15( a ) and FIG. 15( b ) are explanatory diagrams showing the bonded state of the counter substrate and the TFT substrate of the display device.

图16是表示本发明的显示装置再一实施形态表示显示装置中的一个像素的断面图。Fig. 16 is a cross-sectional view showing one pixel of the display device according to still another embodiment of the display device of the present invention.

图17是表示多层形成所述显示装置的凸部时的断面图。Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a case where the protrusions of the display device are formed in multiple layers.

图18是所述显示装置中显示画面的平面图。Fig. 18 is a plan view of a display screen in the display device.

图19(a)是表示将所述显示装置的1个像素的反射区及发光区进行分割时将发光区设置在反射区的内侧所构成的平面图。Fig. 19(a) is a plan view showing a configuration in which the reflection region and light emission region of one pixel of the display device are divided and the light emission region is provided inside the reflection region.

图19(b)是表示将所述显示装置的1个像素的反射区和发光区进行分割时，将发光区设置在反射区的边角侧所构成的平面图。Fig. 19(b) is a plan view showing a configuration in which the light-emitting region is provided at the corner side of the reflection region when the reflection region and light-emitting region of one pixel of the display device are divided.

图20是表示本发明的显示装置的再一实施形态，使用光传感器场合下的方框图。Fig. 20 is a block diagram showing still another embodiment of the display device of the present invention, in which an optical sensor is used.

图21是表示本发明的显示装置的再一实施形态，表示显示装置中一个像素的平面图。Fig. 21 shows still another embodiment of the display device of the present invention, showing a plan view of one pixel in the display device.

图22是所述显示装置中表示1个像素的图21的A-A线断面图。FIG. 22 is a sectional view along line A-A of FIG. 21 showing one pixel in the display device.

图23是表示所述显示装置的整体构成图。FIG. 23 is a diagram showing the overall configuration of the display device.

图24是表示所述显示装置在正常白色模式下漏电压Vd小于液晶用阈值电压Vth(LC)时液晶显示元件及有机EL元件的显示状态的说明图。24 is an explanatory view showing the display state of the liquid crystal display element and the organic EL element when the drain voltage Vd is lower than the threshold voltage Vth(LC) for liquid crystal in the normal white mode of the display device.

图25是表示所述显示装置在正常白色模式下漏电压Vd大于液晶用阈值电压Vth(LC)而小于EL元件的显示状态的说明图。25 is an explanatory diagram showing a display state in which the drain voltage Vd is higher than the threshold voltage Vth(LC) for liquid crystal and lower than the EL element in the normal white mode of the display device.

图26是表示所述显示装置在正常白色模式下，漏电压Vd大于液晶用阈值电压Vth(LC)并大于EC用阈值电压(OLED)时液晶显示元件及有机EL元件的显示状态的说明图。26 is an explanatory view showing the display state of the liquid crystal display element and the organic EL element when the drain voltage Vd is greater than the threshold voltage Vth (LC) for liquid crystal and greater than the threshold voltage for EC (OLED) in the normal white mode of the display device.

图27是表示所述显示装置在正常黑色模式下漏电压Vd小于共用阈值电压Vth时液晶显示元件及有机EL元件的显示状态的说明图。27 is an explanatory view showing the display state of the liquid crystal display element and the organic EL element when the drain voltage Vd is lower than the common threshold voltage Vth in the normal black mode of the display device.

图28是表示所述显示装置在正常黑色模式下漏电压Vd大于共用阈值电压Vth时液晶显示元件及有机EL元件的显示状态的说明图。28 is an explanatory view showing the display state of the liquid crystal display element and the organic EL element when the drain voltage Vd is higher than the common threshold voltage Vth in the normally black mode of the display device.

图29(a)是表示显示装置在正常黑色模式下液晶显示元件的亮度状态的说明图，图29(b)是表示显示装置在正常黑色模式下有机EL元件的亮度状态的说明图。29( a ) is an explanatory diagram showing the luminance state of the liquid crystal display element in the normally black mode of the display device, and FIG. 29( b ) is an explanatory diagram showing the luminance state of the organic EL element in the normally black mode of the display device.

图30是本发明的显示装置的另一其他实施形态下驱动时的信号波形图。Fig. 30 is a signal waveform diagram during driving in another embodiment of the display device of the present invention.

图31是表示电压电流转换手段的其他构成的说明图。Fig. 31 is an explanatory diagram showing another configuration of the voltage-current converting means.

图32(a)～图32(c)是本发明的显示装置的另一其他实施形态下驱动时的信号波形图。32(a) to 32(c) are signal waveform diagrams during driving in another embodiment of the display device of the present invention.

图33是表示本发明的显示装置另一其他实施形态，作为有机EL层由空穴输送层、发光层、电子输送层构成的有机EL发光元件的断面图。33 is a cross-sectional view of an organic EL light-emitting element composed of a hole transport layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron transport layer as an organic EL layer in another embodiment of the display device of the present invention.

图34是表示由作为有机EL层的高分子EL材料构成的有机EL发光元件的断面图。Fig. 34 is a cross-sectional view showing an organic EL light-emitting element composed of a polymer EL material as an organic EL layer.

图35(a)～图35(c)是表示图33中所示的显示装置的对向基本反的制造方法的断面图。35( a ) to 35 ( c ) are cross-sectional views showing a substantially reversed manufacturing method of the display device shown in FIG. 33 .

图36(a)及图36(b)是表示图33中所示的显示装置的TFT电路侧基板的制造方法的断面图。36(a) and 36(b) are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing the TFT circuit-side substrate of the display device shown in FIG. 33 .

图37(a)及图37(b)是表示图33中所示的显示装置的对向基板与TFT电路侧基板贴合工艺的断面图。37( a ) and 37 ( b ) are cross-sectional views showing the bonding process of the counter substrate and the TFT circuit side substrate of the display device shown in FIG. 33 .

图38(a)～图38(c)是表示图34所示的显示装置的对向基板的制造方法的断面图。38( a ) to 38 ( c ) are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing the counter substrate of the display device shown in FIG. 34 .

图39是表示图34所示的显示装置TFT电路侧基板制造方法断面图。39 is a sectional view showing a method of manufacturing the TFT circuit-side substrate of the display device shown in FIG. 34 .

图40(a)及图40(b)是表示图34所示的显示装置的对向基板与TFT电路侧基板贴合工艺的断面图。40( a ) and 40 ( b ) are cross-sectional views showing the bonding process of the counter substrate and the TFT circuit side substrate of the display device shown in FIG. 34 .

图41是表示历来的显示装置的断面图。FIG. 41 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional display device.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

首先，对于本发明的概要进行说明。First, the outline of the present invention will be described.

本发明的显示装置是将反射外光进行显示的非发光显示元件和自发光的发光显示元件在同一个显示装置内组装构成，由此可知，不需要装设背景灯等另外的光源，因此电力消耗低及小型化能同时实现，还有，将非发光显示元件和自发光的发光显示元件组合装设在同一个显示装置内，由于能够将电极、布线、驱动元件、绝缘体等的部件的制造工序共同化，因此，使以往用于背景灯等光源制造以及附件等所化费的时间和费用大幅降低。The display device of the present invention is assembled in the same display device with non-luminous display elements that reflect external light for display and self-luminous light-emitting display elements. It can be seen from this that there is no need to install additional light sources such as backlights, so the power consumption is reduced. Low consumption and miniaturization can be realized at the same time. In addition, the non-luminous display element and the self-luminous light-emitting display element are combined and installed in the same display device, because the manufacture of electrodes, wiring, driving elements, insulators, etc. The process is common, so the time and cost that were previously used in the manufacture of light sources such as backlights and accessories are greatly reduced.

以下，进一步对本发明的作用，效果等详细说明。Hereinafter, the action, effect, etc. of the present invention will be further described in detail.

首先，如上所述，通常显示装置大体上可分为非发光显示装置及发光显示装置二大类，非发光显示装置使从阳光、室内光、背景灯、正面光等外部光源出射的光透过非发光显示元件的光调制元件而进行调制，对于该非发光的显示元件，存在一种具有使得来自外部的光反射的反射手段的反射型、以及不具有反射手段的透过型。另一方面，发光显示装置是具有发光元件的显示装置，通常，发光元件或称为发光层的部分自动发光，这里，将上述光调制元件中透过光的控制称为光调制，与此相应，对发光元件的发光称为直接调制。First of all, as mentioned above, generally display devices can be roughly divided into two categories: non-luminous display devices and light-emitting display devices. Non-luminous display devices transmit light emitted from external light sources such as sunlight, indoor light, background light, and front light Modulation is performed by using a light modulation element of a non-luminescent display element. As for the non-luminous display element, there are a reflective type having reflective means for reflecting light from the outside, and a transmissive type without reflective means. On the other hand, a light-emitting display device is a display device having a light-emitting element. Usually, the light-emitting element or a part called a light-emitting layer emits light automatically. Here, the control of the transmitted light in the above-mentioned light modulating element is called light modulation, corresponding , The light emission of light-emitting elements is called direct modulation.

对于由透过型液晶显示装置所代表的透过型非发光显示装置，通常从暗显示到亮显示，背景灯的亮度是一定并经常点亮着，因此，透过型的非发光显示装置经常靠外部光源，会消耗电力，另外，透过型非发光显示装置的情况下，对光调制元件及背光灯而言必须要有多种电源供给及控制，因此部件多，限制了小型化，也非以降低成本。For the transmissive non-luminous display device represented by the transmissive liquid crystal display device, usually from dark display to bright display, the brightness of the backlight is constant and often lit, therefore, the transmissive non-luminous display device is often Relying on an external light source will consume power. In addition, in the case of a transmissive non-luminous display device, it is necessary to supply and control various power sources for the light modulation element and the backlight. Therefore, there are many components, which limits the miniaturization and not to reduce costs.

而另一方面，由EL显示装置代表的发光显示装置，为了调控发光亮度，暗显示和亮显示消耗的电力不同，从消耗电力来讲，暗显示少而亮显示则多。On the other hand, in light-emitting display devices represented by EL display devices, in order to control the luminance of light emission, the power consumption of dark display and bright display is different. In terms of power consumption, dark display is less and bright display is more.

这里，将这些透过型的非发光显示元件或发光显示元件和反射型的非发光显示元件组装在同一个屏内，将双方用于显示时，与本发明相比较。即将透过型的非发光显示元件与反射型的非发光显示元件组合的以往的显示装置，即作为以往技术已经说明过的像素分割型的液晶显示装置，以及本发明的显示装置一起作一比较。Here, when these transmissive non-luminous display elements or light-emitting display elements and reflective non-luminous display elements are assembled in the same panel, and both are used for display, a comparison is made with the present invention. A conventional display device that combines a transmissive non-luminous display element with a reflective non-luminous display element, that is, a pixel division type liquid crystal display device that has been described as the prior art, and the display device of the present invention will be compared together. .

以往的液晶显示装置如图2中用虚线L1所示，从亮环境下到暗环境下光源即背光灯必须常时点亮，必须消耗大体一定的电力，与此相比，将发光显示元件和反射型非发光显示元件组合在同一屏板中的本发明的显示装置可以根据周围环境来调整发光显示元件的亮度，因此，如图2实线L2所示那样，在亮环境下使发光亮度降低，使反射型的非发光显示元件得到最大限度的利用，而在暗环境下可使发光显示元件的发光亮度提高以保持显示，因此，亮环境下使以往透过型非发光显示装置中点亮背景灯的耗电减少。In the conventional liquid crystal display device, as shown by the dotted line L1 in FIG. 2, the light source, that is, the backlight, must always be turned on from the bright environment to the dark environment, and a substantially constant amount of power must be consumed. Compared with this, the light-emitting display element and the The display device of the present invention in which reflective non-luminous display elements are combined in the same panel can adjust the brightness of the light-emitting display elements according to the surrounding environment. Therefore, as shown by the solid line L2 in Figure 2, the luminous brightness is reduced in a bright environment. , so that the reflective non-luminous display elements can be utilized to the maximum extent, and the luminous brightness of the luminous display elements can be increased to maintain the display in a dark environment. The power consumption of the backlight is reduced.

因此，本发明的显示装置，如在亮环境下使用，比透过型的非发光显示元件与反射型的非发光显示元件组合的显示装置更为省电，通过降低亮度进行显示，能延长使用寿命，提高可靠性。还有，本发明的显示装置，没有必要另外设置背景灯，因此与以往的液晶显示装置比较，能实现薄型化和小型化，加上不需要供电手段和控制等，可以使成本降低。Therefore, if the display device of the present invention is used in a bright environment, it is more power-saving than a display device in which a transmissive non-luminous display element and a reflective non-luminous display element are combined, and the display can be extended by reducing the brightness. life and improve reliability. In addition, the display device of the present invention does not need to provide an additional backlight, so it can be thinned and miniaturized compared with conventional liquid crystal display devices. In addition, power supply means and controls are not required, and the cost can be reduced.

又，将本发明的显示装置与光用发光显示元件的显示装置比较，可得到图3的结果，即如图3中用虚线L1所显示的那样，光有发光显示元件构成的显示装置随着环境变得亮，其发光亮度如不增强，显示将变得难以辨认。Again, the display device of the present invention is compared with the display device of the light-emitting display element, and the result of FIG. 3 can be obtained, that is, as shown by the dotted line L1 in FIG. The environment becomes brighter, and the display becomes illegible unless its luminous brightness is enhanced.

而本发明的显示装置，在亮的环境下，反射型的非发光显示元件要提高其显示特性，发光显示元件如同一图的实线L2所示，亮度降低就能显示，这是以往仅用发光显示元件的场合下没有的内容，是本发明独自形成的亮度控制方法。However, in the display device of the present invention, in a bright environment, the reflective non-luminous display element should improve its display characteristics, and the light-emitting display element can be displayed with reduced brightness as shown by the solid line L2 in the same figure. What is not included in the case of a light-emitting display element is the luminance control method independently developed by the present invention.

这样，用于本发明的显示装置，比只用发光显示元件的情况，可将最大亮度设定得更低，同时能提高其使用的可靠性延长寿命。In this way, the display device used in the present invention can set the maximum luminance lower than the case of using only light-emitting display elements, and at the same time can improve the reliability of its use and prolong its life.

实施形态1Embodiment 1

本发明的实施形态，按图4至图11说明如下。Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to FIGS. 4 to 11. FIG.

如图1所示，本实施形态的显示装置50，作为光调制层的液晶层26及作为发光元件的有机EL元件60，被上下方的TFT基板51及对向基板52挟在中间，而下方侧是在由玻璃为代表的材料形成的作为第一基板的绝缘性基板21上形成有TFT(Thin Film Trainmaster，薄膜晶体管)，并且对于每个显示像素形成驱动作为光调制元件的反射型液晶显示元件20的液晶用TFT元件22及驱动作为发光元件的发光型有机EL元件60的EL用TFT元件4。这些液晶用TFT元件22及EL用TFT元件42能各自单独地进行驱动，另一方面，也可以共用信号线驱动。As shown in FIG. 1, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, theliquid crystal layer 26 as the light modulation layer and theorganic EL element 60 as the light emitting element are sandwiched between the upper andlower TFT substrates 51 and thecounter substrate 52, and the lower On the other hand, a TFT (Thin Film Trainmaster, thin film transistor) is formed on an insulatingsubstrate 21 as a first substrate formed of a material represented by glass, and a reflective liquid crystal display that drives a light modulation element is formed for each display pixel. TheTFT element 22 for liquid crystal of theelement 20 and theTFT element 4 for EL which drives the light emittingorganic EL element 60 which is a light emitting element. TheTFT element 22 for liquid crystal and theTFT element 42 for EL can be driven individually, but they can also be driven by using a common signal line.

另一方面，在上方侧设有，同样由玻璃形成的透明的作为第二基板的绝缘性基板29；在该绝缘性基板29上又形成彩色滤色层28；黑色底层33；作为光调制元件显示面侧电极的对向电极27；由作为发光元件用电极及发光元件显示面侧电极的阴极65；空穴输送层64；发光层63；电子输送层62；以及由作为发光元件用电极的阴极61等组成的有机EL元件60、偏振片32、相差片31所组成的对向基板52。On the other hand, on the upper side, a transparent insulatingsubstrate 29 as a second substrate similarly formed of glass is provided; acolor filter layer 28 is formed on the insulatingsubstrate 29; ablack base layer 33; Thecounter electrode 27 of the display surface side electrode; thecathode 65 as the light-emitting element electrode and the light-emitting element display surface side electrode; thehole transport layer 64; the light-emittinglayer 63; theelectron transport layer 62; Theopposite substrate 52 is composed of theorganic EL element 60 composed of thecathode 61 and the like, thepolarizer 32 , and thephase difference film 31 .

这里，本实施形态中，有机EL元件60与液晶显示元件20的光调制层即液晶层26设置在同一层并使在有机EL元件60的光出射侧不存在液晶层26。Here, in this embodiment, theorganic EL element 60 is provided in the same layer as theliquid crystal layer 26 which is the light modulation layer of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theliquid crystal layer 26 is not present on the light emitting side of theorganic EL element 60 .

也就是说，本实施形态中的显示装置50中，对于作为显示区的每一个显示像素，一并设置有在液晶显示元件的一部分上将来自显示面一侧的外来入射光用液晶显示元件20的像素电极25反射并经液晶层26调制和显示的作为第一显示区的反射区11、以及在有机EL元件60的一部分上进行自发光并把该光向显示面一侧出射的作为第二显示区的发光区12a。That is to say, in thedisplay device 50 in this embodiment, for each display pixel as a display area, a liquidcrystal display element 20 for capturing external incident light from the display surface side is provided together with a part of the liquid crystal display element. Thereflective area 11, which is the first display area, which is reflected by thepixel electrode 25 and modulated and displayed by theliquid crystal layer 26, and the second display area which emits light on a part of theorganic EL element 60 and emits the light to the display surface side. Thelight emitting area 12a of the display area.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50具有有机EL元件60出射的光难以穿透液晶层26的构造，因此，有机EL元件60出射的光，由于液晶的原因，没有被散射或被吸收，故难以产生亮度降低。Moreover, thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment has a structure in which the light emitted by theorganic EL element 60 hardly penetrates theliquid crystal layer 26. Therefore, the light emitted by theorganic EL element 60 is not scattered or absorbed due to the liquid crystal, so it is difficult to pass through theliquid crystal layer 26. A reduction in brightness occurs.

本实施形态中，所述有机EL元件60形成于对向基板52的阳极65上，这意味着实施形态的有机EL元件60通过与TFT电路不同工序加以制造。In the present embodiment, theorganic EL element 60 is formed on theanode 65 of thecounter substrate 52, which means that theorganic EL element 60 of the embodiment is manufactured in a different process from that of the TFT circuit.

也就是说，有机EL元件60形成在对向基板52侧，形成后的EL元件60的光射向对向基板52侧，这样，在形成对向基板52之际，例如用ITO(indiumTin Oxide：，铟锡氧化物)形成透明的阳极65，然后依次序形成空穴输送层64、发光层63、电子输送层62、以及阴极61，可以采用以往所用的形成方法，同时由于对向基板52侧没有驱动电路，所以也就没有驱动电路而对有机EL元件60开口率进行限制，所以可以得到近100％的开口率。That is to say, theorganic EL element 60 is formed on theopposite substrate 52 side, and the light of the formedEL element 60 radiates toward theopposite substrate 52 side. In this way, when forming theopposite substrate 52, for example, use ITO (indium Tin Oxide: , indium tin oxide) to form atransparent anode 65, and then sequentially form ahole transport layer 64, a light-emittinglayer 63, anelectron transport layer 62, and acathode 61. The formation method used in the past can be used, and at the same time because theopposite substrate 52 side There is no driving circuit, so there is no driving circuit to limit the aperture ratio of theorganic EL element 60, so an aperture ratio of nearly 100% can be obtained.

又，由于TFT制造工序与对向基板52的制造工序分离，以避免TFT制造过程中产生的热影响，特别要有进行光刻及蚀刻的工序分开，它的药液和水会产生使用有机材料的发光层63特性劣化的有害作用。Moreover, since the TFT manufacturing process is separated from the manufacturing process of theopposite substrate 52, in order to avoid the thermal influence produced in the TFT manufacturing process, especially the process of photolithography and etching must be separated, and its chemical solution and water will cause the use of organic materials. The detrimental effect of deteriorating the characteristics of the light-emittinglayer 63.

因此，将有机EL元件60与TFT基板51分开制成对于维持有机EL元件60的性能是有益的。Therefore, forming theorganic EL element 60 separately from theTFT substrate 51 is beneficial for maintaining the performance of theorganic EL element 60 .

这里，本实施形态中使用的发光层，且不问是采用低分子型EL材料还是采用高分子型EL材料，该图表示的有机EL元件60是表示用低分子型EL材料制造发光层63的一个应用例，并且，发光层63的两面设有电子输送层62及空穴输送层61，设置上述电子输送层62及空穴输送层64未必必要，但对于使用低分子型EL材料的发光层63而言，设置电子输送层62及空穴输送层64，在发光效率这一点上是有益的。Here, the light-emitting layer used in this embodiment does not matter whether a low-molecular-weight EL material or a high-molecular-weight EL material is used. Theorganic EL element 60 shown in this figure shows that the light-emittinglayer 63 is made of a low-molecular-weight EL material. In one application example, theelectron transport layer 62 and thehole transport layer 61 are provided on both sides of thelight emitting layer 63. It is not necessary to provide the aboveelectron transport layer 62 and thehole transport layer 64, but for the light emitting layer using a low-molecular-weight EL material 63, the provision of theelectron transport layer 62 and thehole transport layer 64 is beneficial in terms of luminous efficiency.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50，在TFT51中像素电极25和有机EL元件60之间，有一处隆起的导电接触层66，有机EL元件60与像素电极25以及EL用TFT元件在这里电气连接，该导电接触层66是为了调整高度而设置的。Also, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, there is a raisedconductive contact layer 66 between thepixel electrode 25 and theorganic EL element 60 in theTFT 51, and theorganic EL element 60 is electrically connected to thepixel electrode 25 and the TFT element for EL. , theconductive contact layer 66 is provided for height adjustment.

下面，对备有由所述低分子型EL材料发光层63形成的有机EL元件60的显示装置50的制造方法作说明。首先就形成对向基板52情况进行说明。Next, a method of manufacturing thedisplay device 50 provided with theorganic EL element 60 formed of the low-molecular-weight EL material light-emittinglayer 63 will be described. First, the formation of thecounter substrate 52 will be described.

低分子型EL材料的发光层63，一般是用掩膜蒸镀来形成有机EL元件60。因此，在形成对向基板52时，如图4(a)所示，首先，将掩膜55设置在对向基板52的对向电极27及阳极65侧的预定位置，本实施形态如后所述，采用液晶显示元件20和有机EL元件60共有信号线的驱动方式，因此，构造上，在对向电极27与阳极65之间形成一条不导通的沟道。并且，使得液晶显示元件20和有机EL元件60单独驱动时对向电极27和阳极65可以导通。The light-emittinglayer 63 of a low-molecular-weight EL material is generally vapor-deposited using a mask to form theorganic EL element 60 . Therefore, when forming thecounter substrate 52, as shown in FIG. As mentioned above, the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 60 are driven in a common signal line. Therefore, structurally, a non-conductive channel is formed between thecounter electrode 27 and theanode 65 . Furthermore, when the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 60 are driven independently, theopposite electrode 27 and theanode 65 can be conducted.

然后，如图4(b)及图4(c)所示，将掩膜55的窗55a开通。空穴输送层64、发光层63、电子输送层62及阴极61顺次成膜。Then, as shown in FIG. 4(b) and FIG. 4(c), thewindow 55a of themask 55 is opened. Thehole transport layer 64 , thelight emitting layer 63 , theelectron transport layer 62 and thecathode 61 are sequentially formed.

另一方面，在形成TFT基板51时，按图5(a)及图5(b)所示，在液晶用TFT元件22，EL用TFT元件42以及形成了像素电极25的TFT基板51上涂布感光性导电树脂之后，进行掩模曝光，仅导电性接触层66上留有导电树脂。这里，本实施形态中像素电极25也设置在有机EL元件60所配置的区内，该像素电极25由铝(Al)等具有反射性的导电膜形成而有机EL元件60则只在像素电极25相反的显示面侧发光，因此，像素电极25的存在不会有光透过的问题，另外，不必另外形成有机EL元件60的背面反射板，因此可减少工序数目。On the other hand, when forming theTFT substrate 51, as shown in FIG. 5(a) and FIG. After laying the photosensitive conductive resin, mask exposure is performed, and only the conductive resin is left on theconductive contact layer 66 . Here, in the present embodiment, thepixel electrode 25 is also provided in the area where theorganic EL element 60 is arranged. The opposite side of the display surface emits light, so there is no problem of light transmission due to the presence of thepixel electrode 25, and it is not necessary to separately form a rear reflection plate of theorganic EL element 60, so the number of steps can be reduced.

又，所述阴极61，通常是用金属形成的，但是不限于此，如可用导电性树脂，还有，将阴极用金属或导电性树脂形成后再用导电性树脂形成也可，还有，导电性树脂也可采用喷布法涂布。Also, thecathode 61 is usually formed of metal, but it is not limited thereto. For example, conductive resin can be used, and the cathode can be formed with conductive resin after forming the cathode with metal or conductive resin. In addition, Conductive resins can also be applied by spraying.

又，在本实施形态中，为了让有机EL元件60发出的光射向对向基板52例，有必要让电流由对向基板52侧流向TFT基板51侧，因此，考虑到对向基板52侧上形成的透明阳极65的电阻值较高时发光效率要下降，因此为解决这一问题，例如图6所示那样，沿有机EL元件60的透明电极65而形成金属电极65a，以使其电阻值下降，作为该金属电极65a能利用的材料，反射率要低，例如钛(Ti)、钽(Ta)等为好，又，为了使电阻更低，如图7所示那样，用铝(Al)等低阻抗金属形成的金属电极65b，与用钽(Ta)、钛(Ti)等低反射率的金属电极65c形成层状构造并可沿着黑色矩阵33形成。这里，采用低反射率金属的理由是为了使用金属电极65a，65b反射外光并且不使对比度减小。又，同样目的下，也可将金属电极沿黑色矩阵33形成。这样，可在黑色矩阵33所遮光的显示面侧处不直接出射，因此，可不限于反射率低的材料，再有，图7表示具有用高分子型EL材料形成的发光层的有机EL元件70，而使用所述低反射金属的方法对有把EL元件60或70任一个都可以采用。In addition, in this embodiment, in order to let the light emitted by theorganic EL element 60 irradiate to thecounter substrate 52, it is necessary to let the current flow from thecounter substrate 52 side to theTFT substrate 51 side, therefore, considering thecounter substrate 52 side When the resistance value of thetransparent anode 65 formed on theorganic EL element 60 is high, the luminous efficiency will decrease. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, for example, as shown in FIG. As themetal electrode 65a can be used, the reflectance should be low, such as titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), etc., and in order to make the resistance lower, as shown in Figure 7, use aluminum ( Themetal electrode 65b formed of low-resistance metal such as Al) and themetal electrode 65c of low reflectance such as tantalum (Ta) and titanium (Ti) form a layered structure and can be formed along theblack matrix 33 . Here, the reason for using a low-reflectance metal is to reflect external light using themetal electrodes 65a, 65b without reducing the contrast. Also, for the same purpose, metal electrodes can also be formed along theblack matrix 33 . Like this, can not directly emit at the display surface side place thatblack matrix 33 shields light, therefore, can not be limited to the material with low reflectivity, moreover, Fig. 7 shows theorganic EL element 70 that has the light-emitting layer that forms with polymer type EL material. , and the method of using the low-reflection metal can be adopted for either theEL element 60 or 70.

又，本实施形态中，在有机EL元件60与液晶26的边界上，特别地没有设置任何部件，但也未必限于此，例如，将在实施形态2中说明，与有机EL元件70一样可以设置遮光层，本实施形态中，在有机EL元件60处形成遮光层式，将有机EL元件60形成为层状，四周面上用遮光材料涂布即可。Also, in this embodiment, on the boundary between theorganic EL element 60 and theliquid crystal 26, in particular, no part is provided, but it is not necessarily limited thereto. The light-shielding layer, in this embodiment, forms the light-shielding layer at theorganic EL element 60, and theorganic EL element 60 is formed in a layered shape, and it is sufficient to coat the surrounding surface with a light-shielding material.

以下，如图8(a)所及图8(b)所示，将形成了有机EL元件的对向基板52与TFT基板51相互对准，贴合固定，在此，有机EL元件60利用导电接触层66TFT与基板51电气连接，理想地，TFT基板51和对向基板52上都事先涂好导电性树脂，使得导电性树脂双方电气接触良好，防止因金属表面氧化膜造成的接触不良，要利用树脂所具有的弹性可以容易实现接触。Hereinafter, as shown in FIG. 8(a) and FIG. 8(b), theopposite substrate 52 and theTFT substrate 51 on which the organic EL elements are formed are aligned with each other and bonded and fixed. Here, theorganic EL elements 60 utilize conductive Thecontact layer 66 TFT is electrically connected to thesubstrate 51. Ideally, both theTFT substrate 51 and theopposite substrate 52 are coated with conductive resin in advance, so that the conductive resin is in good electrical contact and prevents poor contact caused by the oxide film on the metal surface. Contact can be easily achieved by utilizing the elasticity possessed by the resin.

然后，注入液晶。注入是在TFT基板51与对向基板52相互贴合以后，并可以用真空注入法注入。Then, liquid crystal is injected. Implantation is performed after theTFT substrate 51 and thecounter substrate 52 are bonded to each other, and can be injected by a vacuum injection method.

接着对有机EL元件60所用各种部件的材质等加以说明。Next, materials and the like of various components used in theorganic EL element 60 will be described.

首先，有机EL元件用白色发光的发光层63液晶显示元件20中显示要用的彩色滤色层28要照其原样使用，但也来必限于这一种，也可用友红(R)、绿(G)、兰(B)中任何一种质色光的发光层63，这时，彩色滤包层28的部分要做成透明。First of all, thecolor filter layer 28 to be used for the display in the liquidcrystal display element 20 will be used as it is in the light-emittinglayer 63 that emits white light for the organic EL element, but it must be limited to this one. You can also use red (R), green (G), the light-emittinglayer 63 of any quality color light in blue (B), at this moment, the part ofcolor filter cladding 28 will be made transparent.

也就是说，发光层63的发光，根据红(R)、绿(G)、兰(B)各种颜色其发光亮度的时效劣化不同，因此，把发光层63用于显示元件中时，随着时间的过去色平衡将会崩溃，这一点采用发白色光的发光层63时可以防止这种时效性的色平衡劣化。但另一方面，用发白色光的发光层63的同时，使用各种颜色的彩色滤包层28的情况下。根据各色彩色滤色层28的不同，透过率成为1/3，所以，结果是光利用效率降低。That is to say, the luminescence of theluminescent layer 63 has different aging degradations in luminous luminance depending on the colors of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Therefore, when theluminescent layer 63 is used in a display element, The color balance will collapse over time, and the use of the light-emittinglayer 63 that emits white light can prevent such time-sensitive deterioration of the color balance. But on the other hand, in the case of using thecolor filter layer 28 of various colors in addition to the light-emittinglayer 63 that emits white light. Since the transmittance becomes 1/3 depending on thecolor filter layer 28 of each color, light utilization efficiency decreases as a result.

因此，任何情况都是辨证的，与考虑到使用期间较短的显示和正确的色平衡相比，还不如重视亮度的显示理想的为采用红(R)、绿(G)、兰(B)各种颜色的发光层63，而对有长时时彩色平衡要求的如电视等用理想的为灰白色的发光层63。Therefore, any situation is dialectical, and it is better to pay attention to brightness than a display with a short period of use and correct color balance. The ideal display is to use red (R), green (G), blue (B) Theluminous layer 63 of various colors, and to having long-term color balance requirement as TV etc. is ideally theluminous layer 63 of off-white.

下面，例举能作为由发各色光的低分子型发光材料组成的发光层63用的材料，萘、葸、菲、芘、并四苯、荧光素、芘酞二萘嵌苯、萘酞芘、二萘嵌苯、二二苯丁二烯、四苯基十二烯、香豆素、氮萘金属络化物、亚胺、二苯葸、二氨基唑、芥子喹因、勒布朗等。Below, examples of materials that can be used for the light-emittinglayer 63 composed of low-molecular-weight light-emitting materials that emit light of various colors include naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, tetracene, fluorescein, pyrenephthalene, and naphthalene. , perylene, diphenylbutadiene, tetraphenyldodecene, coumarin, aziridine metal complexes, imines, dibenzothrene, diaminoazole, mustard quinine, LeBlanc, etc.

另一方面，作为发白光的发光层63的材料可例举有，兰色金属络化物(Znboxz：Zinc-benzoxyazolz)和黄色金属络化物(Znsq2：Zinc-styrylquinoline2)。也可将荧光色素芘，DCM1(4-(Dicyanemethylent)-2-methy1-6-(4-dimethylaminostyry1)-4H-pyran)掺杂在其中使用。在聚合材料的叠层、聚乙烯咔唑上使用将PBD(2-(4-Biphenyly1)-5-(4-tert-buthlpheny1)-1.3.4-oxadiazol)分散后的单层材料。On the other hand, examples of materials for the whitelight emitting layer 63 include blue metal complexes (Znboxz: Zinc-benzoxyazolz) and yellow metal complexes (Znsq2: Zinc-styrylquinoline2). Fluorescent dye pyrene, DCM1 (4-(Dicyanemethylent)-2-methyl1-6-(4-dimethylaminostyry1)-4H-pyran) can also be doped therein. A single-layer material obtained by dispersing PBD (2-(4-Biphenylly1)-5-(4-tert-buthlpheny1)-1.3.4-oxadiazol) on polyvinylcarbazole was used as a laminate of polymeric materials.

另外，用作空穴输送层64的材料有，酞化菁化合物、蔡酞化菁化合物、初卟啉类、三唑、咪唑、四氢味唑、恶唑、芪子。In addition, materials used for thehole transport layer 64 include phthalocyanine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, primorphyrins, triazoles, imidazoles, tetrahydromethazoles, oxazoles, and stilbenes.

还有，作电子输送层62的材料有，萄酮、葸醌基地多威，二苯基对苯醌、四唑、二蔡嵌苯羰基酸。Also, materials for theelectron transport layer 62 include ketone, anthraquinone base dowe, diphenyl-p-benzoquinone, tetrazole, and pyrylenecarbonyl acid.

阴极61的电极材料可例举如下，铝(Al)、镁(Mg)、银(Ag)，还有将镍(Ni)、钛(Ti)、钽(Ta)、金(Au)等，金属材料重叠在上述材料之上，可提高接触性能。The electrode material of thecathode 61 can be exemplified as follows, aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), and nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), gold (Au), etc., metal Material overlays on top of the above materials to improve contact performance.

再有，作为用于TFT基板51与对向基板52接合的导电性接触层66的连接导电性树脂，例如，特开平11-249299号公报中所记载的导电粒子分散感光树脂(富士胶片株式会社制)、杂志1986 The Chemical Society of Japan的“Chemistry letters，pp.469472，1986”中所记载的能利用聚吡咯组成的感光导电聚合物。更详细的，在特开平11-249299号公报中有关碳黑等导电性粒子被分散的感光性分散物及感光的技术，用曝光及显像来形成布线图案等已公开的论文。另外在“Chemistry Letters，PP.469-472，1986”中公开使吡咯单体光化学聚合，使带导电性，形成聚吡咯，作为电极材料也公开了制作布线图案所使用的。In addition, as the connection conductive resin used for theconductive contact layer 66 of theTFT substrate 51 and theopposite substrate 52, for example, the conductive particle dispersion photosensitive resin described in JP-A No. 11-249299 (Fuji Film Co., Ltd. Production), magazine 1986 The Chemical Society of Japan's "Chemistry letters, pp.469472, 1986" recorded in the photosensitive conductive polymer that can be composed of polypyrrole. In more detail, in JP-A-11-249299, there are published papers on a photosensitive dispersion in which conductive particles such as carbon black are dispersed and photosensitization techniques, formation of wiring patterns by exposure and development, and the like. In addition, in "Chemistry Letters, PP.469-472, 1986", it is disclosed that pyrrole monomer is photochemically polymerized to make it conductive to form polypyrrole, which is also disclosed as an electrode material for use in making wiring patterns.

以下对有关对向基板52上形成的相差片31及偏振片32的特性作一叙述。The characteristics of thephase difference plate 31 and thepolarizing plate 32 formed on theopposite substrate 52 will be described below.

这一些相差片31及偏振片32在液晶显示元件20上，为了构成除了特定的液晶方式的反射型液晶显示装置，要除去特定的液晶方式，这种情况下，相差片31通常是1/4波长，在本实施形态中，对于有机EL元件60的阴极61，为了提高反射效果，可使用铝(Al)等金属，因此，有机EL元件60的非发光时，用阴极61进行光反射，对比度会下降。因此，通常为了防止反射，在有机EL元件60的显示面一侧必须要偏振片32及1/4波长的相差片31，这一点，在本实施形态中，在反射型液晶显示元件20中，由于预先准备好相同结构的偏振片32和相差片31，可以不必重新设置而能够共用。Thesephase difference plates 31 andpolarizers 32 are on the liquidcrystal display element 20. In order to constitute a reflective liquid crystal display device except for a specific liquid crystal mode, the specific liquid crystal mode will be removed. In this case, thephase difference plate 31 is usually 1/4 In this embodiment, for thecathode 61 of theorganic EL element 60, in order to improve the reflection effect, metals such as aluminum (Al) can be used. Therefore, when theorganic EL element 60 is not emitting light, thecathode 61 is used for light reflection, and the contrast ratio will fall. Therefore, usually in order to prevent reflection, apolarizing plate 32 and aphase difference plate 31 of 1/4 wavelength must be required on the display surface side of theorganic EL element 60. At this point, in the present embodiment, in the reflective liquidcrystal display element 20, Since thepolarizing plate 32 and thephase difference plate 31 having the same structure are prepared in advance, they can be shared without reinstalling.

以下，对具备所述结构的显示装置50的驱动电路在图9的基础上作一说明。本驱动电路中，应有效地驱动作为形成矩阵状显示区的各显示像素，共用有关液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件60的驱动的作为信号线及扫描信号线的控制总线3…、作为信号线及数据信号线的源极总线2a…。但本发明中未必限于这样，也可以适用于单纯的矩阵，另外，关于驱动回路详细情况请参见实施形态7。Hereinafter, the driving circuit of thedisplay device 50 having the above configuration will be described based on FIG. 9 . In this driving circuit, it is necessary to effectively drive each display pixel forming a matrix-shaped display area, and to share thecontrol bus 3 as a signal line and a scanning signal line related to the driving of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 60, as a signal line. and thesource bus lines 2a of the data signal lines. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to this, and can be applied to a simple matrix. For details of the drive circuit, refer toEmbodiment 7.

如该图所示，在显示装置50中的一个像素的电路结构中，液晶用TFT元件22的控制极电极与控制极总线3相连，源极总线2a与液晶用TFT元件22的源极接续。另外，液晶用TFT元件22的漏极22a与液晶显示元件20、液晶辅助容量35、EL用TFT元件42的控制极电极连接。又，EL用TFT元件42的漏极与有机EL元件60的阴极61连接。又，在上述构造中，有机EL元件60设置在EL用TFT元件42的漏极侧，但未必仅限于此，例如，如图10中所示，也可设在EL用TFT元件42的源极侧。As shown in the figure, in the circuit structure of one pixel in thedisplay device 50, the gate electrode of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is connected to thegate bus 3, and thesource bus 2a is connected to the source of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal. In addition, thedrain 22 a of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is connected to the gate electrode of the liquidcrystal display element 20 , the auxiliaryliquid crystal capacitor 35 , and theTFT element 42 for EL. Moreover, the drain of theTFT element 42 for EL is connected to thecathode 61 of theorganic EL element 60 . Also, in the above-mentioned structure, theorganic EL element 60 is arranged on the drain side of theTFT element 42 for EL, but it is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, as shown in FIG. side.

这样结构的显示装置50的驱动电路，用输入到控制极总线3…的扫描线信号Vg控制液晶用TFT元件22通/断，将源极总线2a…的数据线信号Vs输入液晶显示元件20，液晶显示元件20的灯亮状态由液晶辅助容量35来确保。又，本实施形态中，EL用TFT元件42的EL用阈值电压Vth(OLED)设定得比液晶显示元件20的动作范围电压更高，即，源极总线2a…的数据线信号Vs的电压一旦超过液晶显示元件20的驱动电压范围，液晶显示元件20饱和，另一方面，EL用TFT元件42处于导通状态，有机EL元件的发光。The driving circuit of thedisplay device 50 with such a structure controls the on/off of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal with the scanning line signal Vg input to thegate bus 3 ..., and inputs the data line signal Vs of thesource bus 2a ... into the liquidcrystal display element 20, The lighting state of the liquidcrystal display element 20 is ensured by the liquid crystalauxiliary capacity 35 . Also, in this embodiment, the EL threshold voltage Vth (OLED) of theEL TFT element 42 is set higher than the operating range voltage of the liquidcrystal display element 20, that is, the voltage of the data line signal Vs of thesource bus line 2a... When the driving voltage range of the liquidcrystal display element 20 is exceeded, the liquidcrystal display element 20 is saturated, while theEL TFT element 42 is turned on, and the organic EL element emits light.

另一方面，液晶显示元件20设定于正常时白色模式、饱和状态时为黑色，因此，有机EL元件60发光的电压范围时，液晶显示元件20成为有机EL元件60的黑色矩阵由于液晶显示元件20，对比度不会变低。On the other hand, the liquidcrystal display element 20 is set in a white mode when it is normal and black when it is saturated. Therefore, in the voltage range where theorganic EL element 60 emits light, the liquidcrystal display element 20 becomes the black matrix of theorganic EL element 60. 20, the contrast will not become lower.

又，光耗液晶显示元件20动作的范围而言，发光区12a不发光，由于设于显示屏面的偏振片32及相差片31成为黑的状态。因此有机EL元件60的液晶显示元件20的对比度不会变低。Also, in the range where the light-consuming liquidcrystal display element 20 operates, the light-emittingregion 12a does not emit light, because thepolarizing plate 32 and thephase difference plate 31 provided on the display screen are in a black state. Therefore, the contrast of the liquidcrystal display element 20 of theorganic EL element 60 does not become low.

具体地说，如图11所示，数据线信号Vs未满EL用TFT元件42的EL用阈值电压Vth(OLED)时，有机EL元件60不发光，液晶显示元件20起反应，从亮显示到暗显示，即进行黑的显示。Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11, when the data line signal Vs is less than the EL threshold voltage Vth (OLED) of theEL TFT element 42, theorganic EL element 60 does not emit light, and the liquidcrystal display element 20 reacts, from bright display to Dark display, that is, black display.

又，数据线信号Vs比EL用TFT元件42的EL用阈值电压Vth(OLED)大时，液晶显示元件20进行暗显示，根据数据线信号Vs，EL用TFT元年42的漏电流变化。调节有机EL元件60的发光量，作发光型显示，再者，有机EL元件60的发光量的调节也能通过对供电电压Vdd的调节来进行，另外，本实施形态的显示装置50，其驱动方法没有限定，也可以用其他驱动方法，图11中所示的驱动方法其驱动电路是共用的，因此最佳。Also, when the data line signal Vs is higher than the EL threshold voltage Vth(OLED) of theEL TFT element 42, the liquidcrystal display element 20 performs dark display, and the leakage current of theEL TFT element 42 changes according to the data line signal Vs. Adjust the amount of light emitted by theorganic EL element 60 to perform a light-emitting display. Furthermore, the adjustment of the amount of light emitted by theorganic EL element 60 can also be performed by adjusting the power supply voltage Vdd. In addition, thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment is driven by The method is not limited, and other driving methods can also be used. The driving method shown in FIG. 11 is the best since the driving circuit is shared.

一方面，作为与所述的驱动方法不同的驱动方法，在所述有机EL元件60及液晶显示元件20双方的显示不能作到一体化的情况下，驱动电路最好设置成能各自独立驱动的方式，这样，液晶显示装置20设定为正常时黑色、液晶显示元件20处于截止状态下为黑色，这是因为液晶显示元件20在不工作时，利用液晶显示元件20不会无谓地消耗电力也有助于提高显示的对比度。On the one hand, as a driving method different from the above-mentioned driving method, in the case where the display of both theorganic EL element 60 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 cannot be integrated, the driving circuit is preferably set to be independently driven. In this way, the liquidcrystal display device 20 is set to be black when it is normal, and black when the liquidcrystal display element 20 is in an off state. Helps increase the contrast of the display.

再者，对于以往的将透过型液晶显示元件与反射型液晶显示元件组合在一起的液晶显示装置，必需有透过型显示用光源及其所用电源，而在本实施形态的显示装置50中，是将有机EL元件60和反射型的液晶显示元件20组合安装在同一屏板内，如果，预先让驱动部备有电源，则能进行亮度的调节。Furthermore, for conventional liquid crystal display devices that combine transmissive liquid crystal display elements and reflective liquid crystal display elements, it is necessary to have a transmissive display light source and a power source for it, and in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment In other words, theorganic EL element 60 and the reflective liquidcrystal display element 20 are combined and mounted in the same panel, and the brightness can be adjusted if the drive unit is equipped with a power supply in advance.

因此，本实施形态的显示装置50，不需要光源用的电源能够做到降低成本，减少部件、小型化。又，为使信号布线共用化，则利用信号布线上的电压切换发光显示的元件和利用外光进行显示的非发光显示元件时，如所述图2中所示，自发光亮度在某一点W上降到0的情况相当。Therefore, thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment does not require a power source for a light source, and can reduce costs, reduce components, and reduce size. In addition, in order to share the signal wiring, when the voltage on the signal wiring is used to switch the light-emitting display element and the non-light-emitting display element that utilizes external light to display, as shown in the above-mentioned FIG. 2, the self-luminous brightness is at a certain point W The case of going up to 0 is comparable.

就这样，对于本实施形态的显示装置50，在各显示像素10…内一并设置有液晶显示元件20反射外来光进行显示的非发光显示元件形成的反射区11、以及有机EL元件60直接调制进行发光的发光显示元件形成的发光区12a。In this way, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, thereflective region 11 formed by the non-luminescent display element that reflects external light and displays by the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 60 are provided together in eachdisplay pixel 10 ... The light-emittingregion 12a is formed by the light-emitting display element that emits light.

因此，在一对绝缘性基板21及29之间一并装有液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件60，故显示装置量厚度可以减薄。Therefore, since the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 60 are provided together between the pair of insulatingsubstrates 21 and 29, the thickness of the display device can be reduced.

因此，有机EL元件60向着显示面一侧，自身发光直接显示，不是以往那样，将有机EL元件60作为背景灯和正面灯使用。因而，由此不仅来自有机EL元件60的光能够提高利用效率，而且显示装置的厚度也可减薄。也就是说，背景灯及正面灯的厚度通常是3～6mm左右，如不用背景灯，则对于厚度减薄很有好处，另外，不用背景灯意味着，不需要以往的设置在液晶屏的背面与背景灯之间的背面侧的偏振片、相差片及玻璃基板等。如此，显示装置的厚度可以更加薄。Therefore, theorganic EL element 60 faces the display surface side, and displays directly by emitting light by itself, instead of using theorganic EL element 60 as a backlight and a front light as in the past. Accordingly, not only can the utilization efficiency of light from theorganic EL element 60 be improved, but also the thickness of the display device can be reduced. In other words, the thickness of the backlight and the front light is usually about 3-6mm. If the backlight is not used, it is very beneficial for thickness reduction. In addition, the absence of the backlight means that there is no need to install it on the back of the LCD screen in the past. Polarizer, phase difference film, glass substrate, etc. on the back side between the backlight and the backlight. In this way, the thickness of the display device can be thinner.

进一步而言，不需要背景灯、背面侧的偏振片以及相差片的优点在于，不仅是显示装置整体厚度变薄，在减少部件数量上，不仅减少了材料费而且装配人工及各种零部件检查所需的成本也都能削减，从而显示装置整体制造成本将能下降。Furthermore, the advantage of not requiring a backlight, a polarizing plate on the back side, and a phase difference film is that not only the overall thickness of the display device is thinned, but also the number of parts is reduced, not only the material cost is reduced, but also assembly labor and various parts inspections are reduced. The required cost can also be reduced, so that the overall manufacturing cost of the display device can be reduced.

因此，在实现小型化、降低成本的同时，还能提供从野外到室内视觉识别性优越的显示装置50。Therefore, it is possible to provide thedisplay device 50 with excellent visibility from outdoors to indoors while achieving miniaturization and cost reduction.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，具有相互对向的绝缘性基板21及绝缘性基板29，液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件60任一个都设置在绝缘性基板21与绝缘性基板21的中间，因此，液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件60都收容在绝缘性基板21与绝缘性基21的中间，故显示装置50的厚度确实能够减少。In addition, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, there are insulatingsubstrate 21 and insulatingsubstrate 29 facing each other, and any one of liquidcrystal display element 20 andorganic EL element 60 is provided on insulatingsubstrate 21 and insulatingsubstrate 21. Therefore, both the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 60 are accommodated between the insulatingsubstrate 21 and the insulatingbase 21, so the thickness of thedisplay device 50 can be surely reduced.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，其发光区12a内，液晶显示元件20的液晶层26不存在，即，有机EL元件60的发光层63的显示面一侧不存在液晶显示元件20的液晶层26，即从有机EL元件60向显示面方向出射的光不会通过液晶层26，意味着射向显示装置50以外。再者，假设在发光层63的显示面一侧不存在液晶层26，在本实施形态以外，例如实施形态3所示，液晶层26的显示面侧的端面存在于比发光层63的显示面侧的更靠显示面侧，但由于绝缘性凸起部81等绝缘层的存在，发光层63的显示面侧，即，有时发光区12a的液晶层26被排除，又，作为该以外的构造，能考虑到发光层63在液晶显示20的显示面侧上存在的类型。Also, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 does not exist in thelight emitting region 12a, that is, the liquidcrystal display element 20 does not exist on the display surface side of thelight emitting layer 63 of theorganic EL element 60. Theliquid crystal layer 26 means that light emitted from theorganic EL element 60 toward the display surface does not pass through theliquid crystal layer 26 , meaning that it is emitted to the outside of thedisplay device 50 . Furthermore, assuming that theliquid crystal layer 26 does not exist on the display surface side of theluminescent layer 63, in addition to the present embodiment, as shown inEmbodiment 3, the end surface of theliquid crystal layer 26 on the display surface side exists on a lower side than the display surface of theluminescent layer 63. The side is closer to the display surface side, but due to the existence of insulating layers such as insulating protrusions 81, the display surface side of thelight emitting layer 63, that is, sometimes theliquid crystal layer 26 of thelight emitting region 12a is excluded, and as a structure other than this , the type in which thelight emitting layer 63 exists on the display surface side of theliquid crystal display 20 can be considered.

结果，有机EL元件60的出射光由于没有被液晶显示元件20的液晶层26散射或吸收，因此难于使亮度下降，并能使有机EL元件60的显示品质提高。As a result, since the emitted light of theorganic EL element 60 is not scattered or absorbed by theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20, it is difficult to lower the luminance, and the display quality of theorganic EL element 60 can be improved.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，液晶显示元件20的液晶层26与有机EL元件60的发光层63被设置在同一层面，而所谓同层，未必是指同一平面，包括有机EL元件60的发光层63被包含在液晶显示元件20的液晶层26的状态。Also, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and thelight emitting layer 63 of theorganic EL element 60 are arranged on the same layer, and the same layer does not necessarily mean the same plane, including theorganic EL element 60. Thelight emitting layer 63 is included in the state of theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 .

因此，在以往的液晶显示元件20形成的非发光显示元件的厚度范围内能收容有机EL元件60。其结果能确实地减薄显示装置50的厚度。Therefore, theorganic EL element 60 can be accommodated within the thickness range of a non-luminescent display element formed by the conventional liquidcrystal display element 20 . As a result, the thickness of thedisplay device 50 can be reliably reduced.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，驱动有机EL元件60及液晶显示元件20的液晶用TFT元件22、以及EL用TFT元件等的驱动元件，形成在一方的TFT基板51侧，另一方面，在与该TFT基板51的对向的对向基板52侧形成有机EL元件60。Moreover, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, driving elements such as the TFT element forliquid crystal 22 for driving theorganic EL element 60 and the liquidcrystal display element 20, and the TFT element for EL are formed on one side of theTFT substrate 51, and on the other side. Theorganic EL element 60 is formed on thecounter substrate 52 side facing theTFT substrate 51 .

由此，在制造显示装置50时，可以另外形成有机EL元件60、液晶用TFT元件22以及EL用TFT元件42等驱动元件，因此，当形成有机EL元件时，不会受到液晶用TFT元件22及EL用TFT元件42等的驱动元件形成时的工序温度、药品、气体等的影响。Thus, when manufacturing thedisplay device 50, driving elements such as theorganic EL element 60, theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal, and theTFT element 42 for EL can be separately formed, and therefore, when the organic EL element is formed, theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal will not be affected. and the influence of process temperature, chemicals, gases, etc. when forming driving elements such as theTFT element 42 for EL.

又，有机EL元件60的出射光射向对向的对向基板52侧，故不会被驱动有机EL元件60的EL用TFT元件42遮挡，能有效地利用光，并能从阳极65即透明导电层开始形成发光层63，籍此，能以与前同样结构形成发光层63。Again, the outgoing light of theorganic EL element 60 is incident on the oppositeopposite substrate 52 side, so it will not be blocked by theEL TFT element 42 for driving theorganic EL element 60, and the light can be effectively used, and can be transparent from theanode 65. The conductive layer starts to form thelight emitting layer 63, whereby thelight emitting layer 63 can be formed in the same structure as before.

可是，在将有机EL元件60设置在与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26同一层时，并不限于有机EL元件60的形成高度要与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26的厚度一致。However, when theorganic EL element 60 is provided on the same layer as theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 , the formation height of theorganic EL element 60 is not limited to match the thickness of theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 .

关于这一点，本实施形态中在TFT基板51上设置导电接触层66，用于调整高度，在该导电接触层66上形成有机EL元件60。In this regard, in this embodiment, aconductive contact layer 66 is provided on theTFT substrate 51 for height adjustment, and theorganic EL element 60 is formed on theconductive contact layer 66 .

因而，能确实地把有机EL元件60设置在与液晶显示元件20液晶层26同一层上。Therefore, theorganic EL element 60 can be reliably provided on the same layer as theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 .

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，导电接触层是用导电树脂制成的，因此，人TFT基板开始形成导电树脂形成的导电接触层66，因而，能容易地在TFT基板51侧上进行高度的调整。Also, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, the conductive contact layer is made of conductive resin, therefore, the TFT substrate starts to form theconductive contact layer 66 formed of conductive resin, and therefore, can be easily performed on theTFT substrate 51 side. height adjustment.

又，在本实施形态的显示装置50中，在有机EL元件60的阴极61与TET基板51侧的接合面上敷设有导电糊或导电树脂等的导电性材料。Further, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, a conductive material such as conductive paste or conductive resin is applied to the bonding surface between thecathode 61 of theorganic EL element 60 and theTET substrate 51 side.

即，导电糊或导电树脂，通常即使硬化，仍具有柔软的弹性，因此，能使有机元件60的阴极61与TFT基板51侧可靠地电气接合。That is, the conductive paste or conductive resin usually has soft elasticity even when it is hardened, so that thecathode 61 of theorganic element 60 and theTFT substrate 51 side can be reliably electrically connected.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，有机EL元件60、液晶显示元件20共用源极总线2a…及控制极总线3…并进行驱动。Moreover, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, theorganic EL element 60 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 share and drive thesource bus line 2a... and thegate bus line 3....

因此，为了防止有机EL元件60和液晶显示元件20的驱动电路构成变得十分繁复，能够提供确实地减少显示装置厚度和部件成本的显示装置50。Therefore, in order to prevent the drive circuit configuration of theorganic EL element 60 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 from becoming very complicated, it is possible to provide thedisplay device 50 in which the thickness of the display device and the component cost can be reliably reduced.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，有机EL元件60及液晶显示元件20也做成彼此独立驱动，为了有机EL元件60及液晶显示元件20能实现单独的驱动，作为这样驱动用的一种结构，举例如下，有将有机EL元件60及液晶显示元件20各自具有源极总线2a及控制极总线3的情况，或将源极总线2分别设置而将控制总线3共用的情况。Moreover, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, theorganic EL element 60 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 are also made to be driven independently of each other. In order to realize independent driving of theorganic EL element 60 and the liquidcrystal display element 20, as a kind of such driving The structure is, for example, the case where theorganic EL element 60 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 each have thesource bus line 2 a and thegate bus line 3 , or the case where thesource bus line 2 is provided separately and thecontrol bus line 3 is shared.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，将驱动有机EL元件60及液晶显示元件20的EL用TFT元件22在一方的基板即TFT基板51上形成，因此通过TFT基板51上形成EL用TFT元件42及液晶用TFT元件22能使显示装置50的制造更为容易并避免构成复杂。Moreover, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, theTFT element 22 for EL that drives theorganic EL element 60 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 is formed on theTFT substrate 51 that is one substrate, so the TFT element for EL is formed on theTFT substrate 51. 42 and theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal can make the manufacture of thedisplay device 50 easier and avoid complicated configuration.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，光调制元件是反射型的液晶显示元件20，发光元件是有机EL元件60，因此，通过将反射型的液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件一并设置于各显示像素10内。In addition, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, the light modulation element is the reflective liquidcrystal display element 20, and the light emitting element is theorganic EL element 60. Therefore, by providing the reflective liquidcrystal display element 20 and the organic EL element Inside eachdisplay pixel 10 .

结果，确实能小型化和降低造价，同时也提供了野外和室内都适用，视觉识别性优越的显示装置50。As a result, thedisplay device 50 can be reliably reduced in size and cost, and can be used both outdoors and indoors, and has excellent visibility.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，液晶显示元件20的对向电极27与有机EL元件60的阳极65是用同一种材料并在同一层上形成，因此，使制造工艺共用，制造过程简单。Also, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, thecounter electrode 27 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theanode 65 of theorganic EL element 60 are formed on the same layer using the same material, so the manufacturing process is shared and the manufacturing process is simple. .

又，本实施形态的显示装置50的制造方法中，在一方的基板上即TFT上，形成液晶用TFT元件22及EL用TFT元件42，在另一方的基板上即对向基板52上，形成有机EL元件60后，通过将这些TFT基板51及对向基板52相互合拢形成一体。In addition, in the manufacturing method of thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal and theTFT element 42 for EL are formed on one substrate, that is, the TFT, and theTFT element 42 for EL is formed on the other substrate, that is, thecounter substrate 52. After theorganic EL element 60 is formed, theTFT substrate 51 and thecounter substrate 52 are joined together to form a single body.

在制作显示装置50时，有机EL元件60、液晶用TFT元件22以及EL用TFT元件42也可另行形成，因此，在形成有机EL元件60时，就能不受液晶TFT元件22及EL用TFT元件42形成时的工序温度、药品、气体等的影响。When manufacturing thedisplay device 50, theorganic EL element 60, theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal, and theTFT element 42 for EL can also be formed separately. Influences of process temperature, chemicals, gases, etc. during the formation of theelement 42.

结果，能提供一种不但可实现小型化以及降低成本而且从野外到室内视觉识别性优良的显示装置的制造方法。As a result, it is possible to provide a method of manufacturing a display device that not only achieves miniaturization and cost reduction but also has excellent visibility from outdoors to indoors.

又，在本实施形态的显示装置50的制造方法中，可以先形成有机EL元件60及芯部77、77中的任意一个。因此，能够使得可容易地形成有机EL元件60与芯部77、77的工序优先进行。In addition, in the method of manufacturing thedisplay device 50 according to the present embodiment, any one of theorganic EL element 60 and thecore portions 77 and 77 may be formed first. Therefore, it is possible to give priority to the steps in which theorganic EL element 60 and thecore portions 77 and 77 can be easily formed.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，在有机EL元件60的阴极61与TFT基板51侧的接合面上，设置导电糊或导电树脂以后明TFT基板51与对向基板52贴合。Furthermore, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, a conductive paste or conductive resin is provided on the junction surface of thecathode 61 of theorganic EL element 60 and theTFT substrate 51 side to bond theTFT substrate 51 to thecounter substrate 52 .

为此，使得将有机EL元件60的阴极61与TFT基板51的接合面为树脂和树脂、或树脂与树脂糊，利用通过树脂相互之间以及树脂糊的弹力，使接合性能提高。For this reason, the bonding surface between thecathode 61 of theorganic EL element 60 and theTFT substrate 51 is made of resin and resin, or resin and resin paste, and the bonding performance is improved by utilizing the elastic force between the resins and the resin paste.

实施形态2Implementation form 2

参见图12～图15，以此为基础，对本发明的其他实施形态，说明如下，为便于说明，凡在所述实施形态1的示图中表示过的部件或具有同一功能的部件，赋以同一符合并省去说明。Referring to Fig. 12～Fig. 15, based on this, other embodiments of the present invention are described as follows, for the convenience of description, all the parts shown in the diagrams of the first embodiment or the parts with the same function are assigned with The same match and omit description.

本实施形态中，对于以高分子型EL材料制造有机EL元件的情况进行说明。In this embodiment, a case where an organic EL element is produced using a polymer EL material will be described.

本实施形态的有机EL元件70，如图12所示，发光层73用高分子型EL材料，该发光层73的上下直接与阴极61及阳极65相接，即，本实施形态有机EL元件70省略了所述实施形态1中的有机EL元件60中存在的空穴输送层64及电子输送层62，但是本实施形态也可以设置这些空穴输送层64及电子输送层62。Theorganic EL element 70 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. Thehole transport layer 64 and theelectron transport layer 62 present in theorganic EL element 60 in the first embodiment are omitted, but thehole transport layer 64 and theelectron transport layer 62 may be provided in this embodiment.

另外，本实施形态中发光层73的两侧形成为了与液晶层26相绝缘的、作为保护层的芯部77、77。又，在形成发光层73时，首先形成芯部77、77，将EL材料喷射涂布或印刷在它们内部而形成发光层73。In addition, in the present embodiment,core portions 77 and 77 serving as protective layers are formed on both sides of thelight emitting layer 73 insulated from theliquid crystal layer 26 . Also, when forming thelight emitting layer 73 , thecore portions 77 , 77 are formed first, and an EL material is spray-coated or printed inside them to form thelight emitting layer 73 .

所述芯部77、77可采用抗蚀剂、聚酰亚胺等制作。又，芯部77、77最好是遮光性的材料，这是因为从散光层73出射的光其向横方向的漏光会进入液晶层26而形成眩光，导致对比度低下。Thecores 77 and 77 can be made of resist, polyimide and the like. In addition, thecores 77 and 77 are preferably made of a light-shielding material, because the light leaked from the light-scattering layer 73 in the lateral direction will enter theliquid crystal layer 26 to form glare, resulting in low contrast.

所述有机EL元件70的制造方法说明如下。The method of manufacturing theorganic EL element 70 is described below.

首先，如图13(a)所示，在对向基板52的对向电极27及阳极65侧形成芯部77、77。这是采用抗蚀剂或聚酰亚胺并以光致蚀刻、喷射涂布工艺形成。First, as shown in FIG. 13( a ),core portions 77 , 77 are formed on thecounter electrode 27 andanode 65 sides of thecounter substrate 52 . This is formed using resist or polyimide with photoetching and spray coating processes.

然后，如图13(b)所示，在该部分例如用喷墨涂布方式形成了高分子型EL材料的散光层73，作为高分子型EL材料可用，聚苯撑乙烯、多氟纶、多噻粉、聚乙烯咔唑等。Then, as shown in FIG. 13( b), a light-scattering layer 73 of a polymer EL material is formed on this part, for example, by inkjet coating. As a polymer EL material, polyphenylene vinylene, polyfluorosilk, Polythiophene powder, polyvinylcarbazole, etc.

最后，如图13(C)所示，例如也可将导电性高分子材料涂布在这上面形成阴极，也可(未图示)用铝(Al)、镁(Mg)、铝-镁(Al-Mg)合金等金属材料，形成金属糊后涂布高分子材料，用作阴极61。Finally, as shown in FIG. 13(C), for example, a conductive polymer material can be coated on it to form a cathode, and aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), aluminum-magnesium ( Metal materials such as Al—Mg) alloys are formed into a metal paste and then coated with a polymer material to be used as thecathode 61 .

另一方面，TFT基板51侧如图14所示，在形成了液晶用TFT元件22、EL用TFT元件42及像素电极25的TFT基极51上，将感光导电树脂以喷墨涂布方式进行涂布，形成导电接触层66。然后，如图15(a)及图15(b)所示，形成导电接触层66。然后，如图15(a)及图15(b)所示，形成有机EL元件70的对向基板52，与TFT基板51相互对准，与所述实施形态一样，进行贴合、固定、最后注入液晶、封装。On the other hand, on theTFT substrate 51 side, as shown in FIG. 14 , on theTFT base 51 on which theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal, theTFT element 42 for EL, and thepixel electrode 25 are formed, a photosensitive conductive resin is applied by inkjet coating. coated to form aconductive contact layer 66 . Then, as shown in FIGS. 15( a ) and 15 ( b ), aconductive contact layer 66 is formed. Then, as shown in FIG. 15(a) and FIG. 15(b), thecounter substrate 52 of theorganic EL element 70 is formed, aligned with theTFT substrate 51, bonded, fixed, and finally Inject liquid crystal, encapsulation.

此后，注入液晶并进行封装。这时，形成的芯部77、77在扫描线的方向，在整个显示屏宽度上形成的情况下，可以从显示屏的端面起，沿着扫描线进行真空注入。Thereafter, liquid crystal is injected and encapsulated. At this time, when thecores 77 and 77 are formed over the entire width of the display panel in the direction of the scanning lines, vacuum injection can be performed along the scanning lines from the end faces of the display panel.

又，其他结构以及该有机EL元件70的驱动动作、显示方法等与实施形态1相同，并省略说明。The rest of the structure, the driving operation of theorganic EL element 70, the display method, and the like are the same as those of the first embodiment, and description thereof will be omitted.

这样地，本实施形态的EL元件70，至少由发光层73、与形成在该发光层73两侧的阴极61及阳极65所构成。In this way, theEL element 70 of this embodiment is constituted by at least thelight emitting layer 73 and thecathode 61 and theanode 65 formed on both sides of thelight emitting layer 73 .

因此，例如，在形成由高分子型EL材料制成的发光层73时，能由最小限度构成要素形成有机EL元件70。Therefore, for example, when forming thelight emitting layer 73 made of a polymer type EL material, theorganic EL element 70 can be formed with minimum components.

然而，所述的显示装置50中，有机EL元件70因与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26同层设置，液晶显示元件20的液晶层26与有机EL元件60之间可能相互影响，例如，有机EL元件70的缘故，液晶显示元件20的液晶等的液晶层与有机EL元件70发生接触，就会引起双方的性能下降，材料劣化。另外，有机EL元件70有时也会因与空气和水分接触的劣化。However, in thedisplay device 50 described above, since theorganic EL element 70 is set in the same layer as theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20, theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 60 may affect each other, for example, theorganic EL element 60 may affect each other. Because of theEL element 70, a liquid crystal layer such as a liquid crystal of the liquidcrystal display element 20 comes into contact with theorganic EL element 70, causing performance degradation of both, and material deterioration. In addition, theorganic EL element 70 may also deteriorate due to contact with air or moisture.

然而，在本实施形态中，有机EL元件70的发光层73与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26是通过芯部77、77而连接着。However, in the present embodiment, thelight emitting layer 73 of theorganic EL element 70 and theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 are connected through thecores 77 , 77 .

因此，可以防止有机EL元件70的发光层73与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26相互影响。即，将有机EL元件70与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26设置在同一层之后，双方的性能会下降，但却能防止材料劣化，另外在显示装置的制造过程中，例如在对向基板52侧上形成有机EL元件70时，由于发光层73受到芯部77、77及阴极61的保护，防止发光层73与空气和水分接触而劣化。Therefore, it is possible to prevent thelight emitting layer 73 of theorganic EL element 70 from interacting with theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 . That is, after theorganic EL element 70 and theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 are arranged on the same layer, the performance of both will be reduced, but material degradation can be prevented. When theorganic EL element 70 is formed on the side, since thelight emitting layer 73 is protected by thecores 77, 77 and thecathode 61, thelight emitting layer 73 is prevented from deteriorating due to contact with air and moisture.

但是，也考虑到从有机EL元件70发出光漏向邻接的液晶显示元件20的情况。However, it is also conceivable that light emitted from theorganic EL element 70 leaks to the adjacent liquidcrystal display element 20 .

在这一点上，本实施形态的显示装置50中，因为芯部77、77具有遮光功能，能防止有机EL元件70所发的光漏向液晶显示元件20的液晶层26。In this regard, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, since thecores 77 and 77 have a light-shielding function, leakage of light emitted from theorganic EL element 70 to theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 can be prevented.

[实施形态3][Embodiment 3]

本发明的其他发明形态，参见图16～图19并说明为下，为便于说明凡在上述实施形态1及实施形态2中说明过的或具有相同功能的元件赋以同样的符号，其说明省略。Other inventions of the present invention are described below with reference to FIGS. 16 to 19 . For the convenience of description, the components that have been described in the first embodiment and the second embodiment or have the same functions are given the same symbols, and their descriptions are omitted. .

本实施形态的显示装置50，为图16所示，在对向机板52一侧上设置有硬质、透明的绝缘凸部81，另将有机EL元件70设置在TFT基板51的侧。上述绝缘性凸部81是作为液晶层26的厚度控制用的支柱使用的。Thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. The above-mentioned insulating protrusions 81 are used as pillars for controlling the thickness of theliquid crystal layer 26 .

即，液晶层26的厚度通常大多设定为3～5μm，另一方面，有机EL元件70的厚度是0.1～0.5μm左右，在上述的实施形态1及实施形态2所示的图1～图12中，对于有机EL元件50及有机EL元件70，其厚度差通过连接树脂即导电接触层66进行调整。That is, the thickness of theliquid crystal layer 26 is generally set at 3 to 5 μm, while the thickness of theorganic EL element 70 is about 0.1 to 0.5 μm. In FIG. 12 , the thickness difference between theorganic EL element 50 and theorganic EL element 70 is adjusted by theconductive contact layer 66 which is a connecting resin.

对此，在本实施形态中，设有预先考虑了液晶层26和有机EL元件70的厚度差的绝缘性凸部81。厚度差在图16中虽没有明示，但其存在于接续部。On the contrary, in this embodiment, the insulating convex portion 81 is provided in which the difference in thickness between theliquid crystal layer 26 and theorganic EL element 70 is considered. Although the difference in thickness is not clearly shown in FIG. 16, it exists in the connection part.

作为形成所述绝缘性凸部81的材料要使用高透过率树脂，例如可使用JSR株式会社制造的感光隔离材料，制品名称OPUTOMA-NN系列，该高透过率树脂比所述导电接触层66及连接部所用连接树脂形成后的硬度高，利用这性质通过设定高度，可以期待使对向基板52和TFT基板51的间距保持一定的效果。As the material for forming the insulating convex portion 81, high transmittance resin will be used. For example, the photosensitive isolation material manufactured by JSR Co., Ltd., the product name OPUTOMA-NN series can be used. The high transmittance resin is higher than the conductive contact layer. 66 and the connection resin used for the connection portion have high hardness after formation, and by setting the height by utilizing this property, the effect of keeping the distance between thecounter substrate 52 and theTFT substrate 51 constant can be expected.

以往，液晶层26的厚度是依靠散布于该液晶层26中的隔离珠来进行控制，而因为在液晶层26的像素显示面会导致对比度下降和散射，引起图像品质量变差，另外，依靠隔离珠的方法还是不能的充分地控制厚度。In the past, the thickness of theliquid crystal layer 26 was controlled by the spacer beads dispersed in theliquid crystal layer 26, but because the pixel display surface of theliquid crystal layer 26 would cause a decrease in contrast and scattering, resulting in poor image quality, in addition, relying on the spacer beads This method still cannot adequately control the thickness.

但，在本实施形态中利用上述绝缘凸部81进行的厚度控制，液晶层26的厚度控制精度提高的同时，也能够期待提高显示屏的强度。However, in the present embodiment, the thickness control by the above-mentioned insulating protrusions 81 improves the thickness control accuracy of theliquid crystal layer 26 and can also be expected to improve the strength of the display panel.

又，本实施形态中，绝缘凸81不仅为了上述的厚度控制而用，并不限于此，将此绝缘凸部81用作有机EL元件70的光控器材，即，可作控制有机EL元件70发出的光的光学元件来使用，为了此目的，例如，如图17所示，可以为由锯齿状凸部82a、82b组成的绝缘凸部82，锯齿状凸部82a，82b为将不同折射率的多个透明树脂做成两层锯齿状的凸部。利用这样的构造，能使有机EL元件70发射的光带有方向性，又，改变锯齿形状可使指向特性相应变化，所以就可能得到与液晶显示装置同样的视野角特性。Also, in this embodiment, the insulating protrusion 81 is not only used for the above-mentioned thickness control, but is not limited thereto. The insulating protrusion 81 is used as a light control device for theorganic EL element 70, that is, it can be used to control theorganic EL element 70. For this purpose, for example, as shown in FIG. 17, it can be an insulating convex portion 82 composed of sawtooth-shaped convex portions 82a, 82b. A plurality of transparent resins are made into two layers of jagged protrusions. With such a structure, the light emitted by theorganic EL element 70 can be directional, and the directional characteristics can be changed by changing the zigzag shape, so it is possible to obtain the same viewing angle characteristics as the liquid crystal display device.

因此，从显示面来看本实施形态的有机EL元件70时，如图18所示，由长宽决定的范围相当于一个显示像素10…，并且分割成各个反射区11和发光区12a。又，同该图所示，对于各反射区11和发光区12a，连接像素电极25与液晶用TFT元件22或EL用TFT元件42的通孔25a。Therefore, when theorganic EL element 70 of this embodiment is viewed from the display surface, as shown in FIG. 18 , the range determined by the length and width corresponds to onedisplay pixel 10 . Also, as shown in the figure, thepixel electrode 25 is connected to the throughhole 25a of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal or theTFT element 42 for EL for eachreflective region 11 and lightemitting region 12a.

又，所述显示像素10…上反射区11及发光区12a，的分割配置并必仅限于此，例如图19所示，如有机EL元件70形成的发光区12a被包围在由液晶显示元件20形成的反射区11中，反射区11与发射区12a中的任何一方可被另一方包围，该图所显示的由有机EL元件70形成的发光区12a被包围在液晶显示元件20形成反射区11之中的形状，有机EL元件70发光时，假设同围的液晶显示元件20的反射区全部为黑，则相邻接的显示元件作黑色矩阵作用，因此与所述图18的形状比较，对提高对比度有效。Also, the division configuration of thereflective region 11 and the light-emittingregion 12a on thedisplay pixel 10 ... must not be limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. In thereflective region 11 formed, any one of thereflective region 11 and theemission region 12a can be surrounded by the other, and the light-emittingregion 12a formed by theorganic EL element 70 shown in this figure is surrounded by the liquidcrystal display element 20 to form thereflective region 11 In the shape among them, when theorganic EL element 70 emits light, assuming that the reflection areas of the liquidcrystal display elements 20 in the same enclosure are all black, then the adjacent display elements act as a black matrix. Therefore, compared with the shape of FIG. 18 , the It is effective to increase the contrast.

又，如图19(b)中所示的形状，显示像素被敷满的话，有机EL元件80的发光区12a被围在由液晶显示元件20的反射区中可以期望得到同样的效果。19 (b) shown in the shape, if the display pixels are filled, thelight emitting region 12a of the organic EL element 80 is surrounded by the reflective region of the liquidcrystal display element 20, and the same effect can be expected.

又，关于发光区12a和反射区11的面积可根据显示装置用途来定。In addition, the areas of the light-emittingregion 12a and thereflective region 11 can be determined according to the application of the display device.

又，本实施形态中，关于由高分子型EL材料组成的发光层73的有机EL元件70已经作了说明，但并不限于此，对于低分子型EL材料组成的发光层63的有机EL元件60也可能同样适用本实施形态。Also, in the present embodiment, theorganic EL element 70 having the light-emittinglayer 73 composed of a high-molecular-type EL material has been described, but it is not limited thereto. 60 may also be similarly applicable to this embodiment.

又，关于其他的构成，与所述实施形态1至实施形态2相同，故不再说明。In addition, other configurations are the same as those ofEmbodiment 1 toEmbodiment 2, and thus will not be described again.

如此，本实施形态的显示装置50中，在对向基板上形成调整高度用的绝缘凸部81或绝缘凸部82，同时，该绝缘凸部81或绝缘82上形成有机EL元件70。In this way, in thedisplay device 50 of this embodiment, the insulating protrusions 81 or 82 for height adjustment are formed on the counter substrate, and theorganic EL elements 70 are formed on the insulating protrusions 81 or 82 .

因此，将有机EL元件70与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26设置同一层的情况下，即使有机EL元件70的高度与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26的厚度不相一致，也可以可靠地将有机EL元件70与液晶显示元件20的液晶层26设置在同一层。Therefore, when theorganic EL element 70 is provided in the same layer as theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20, even if the height of theorganic EL element 70 does not match the thickness of theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20, the Theorganic EL element 70 is provided in the same layer as theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 .

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，绝缘凸部82由硬度绝缘层形成，因此，通过在对向基板52的一侧形成由绝缘层形成的绝缘凸部81或绝缘凸部82，可以容易地从对向基板52的一侧调整高度，另外，绝缘凸部82是用硬质绝缘层形成的，因此，能使液晶显示元件20的液晶层26的间隔保持一定，并起到隔离的作用。In addition, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, the insulating protrusions 82 are formed of a hard insulating layer. Therefore, by forming the insulating protrusions 81 or 82 formed of an insulating layer on the side facing thesubstrate 52, it is possible to easily The height can be adjusted from one side of theopposite substrate 52. In addition, the insulating convex portion 82 is formed with a hard insulating layer, so the interval between the liquid crystal layers 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 can be kept constant, and the effect of isolation can be achieved. .

又，本实施形态中，将硬质绝缘层形成的绝缘凸部82制成两层，并将其界面形成锯齿状为锯齿状凸部82a、82b，借助这样的方法可使有机EL元件60出射的光具有方向性，这样能使绝缘凸部82作为有机EL元件60的光控部件发挥其功能。Also, in this embodiment, the insulating convex portion 82 formed by the hard insulating layer is made into two layers, and the interface thereof is formed into sawtooth-shaped convex portions 82a, 82b. By such a method, theorganic EL element 60 can emit light. The light has directionality, so that the insulating convex portion 82 can function as a light control member of theorganic EL element 60 .

又，本实施形态的像素分割式显示装置50中，能够任意地设定反相区11和发光区12a的比率，例为使用于于手机携带或信息移动终端(PDA)等移动通信设备的场合下，反射区即通常使反射领区11所占的比率增大，一般在显示像素10的像素面积中80％是反射区的场合时，发光区12a是20％，因此，有机EL元件60的发光面积最大也只是像素面积的五分之一。In addition, in the pixel-divideddisplay device 50 of this embodiment, the ratio of theinversion region 11 and the light-emittingregion 12a can be set arbitrarily, for example, it is used in mobile communication equipment such as a mobile phone or a mobile information terminal (PDA). Next, the reflective area generally increases the ratio of thereflective area 11. Generally, when 80% of the pixel area of thedisplay pixel 10 is a reflective area, the light-emittingarea 12a is 20%. Therefore, theorganic EL element 60 The largest light-emitting area is only one-fifth of the pixel area.

因此，能够提供一种小型、廉价而且不论野外或室内都具有优越视觉识别性的显示装置。Therefore, it is possible to provide a display device that is small, inexpensive, and has excellent visibility both outdoors and indoors.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，液晶显示元件在亮显示状态时，有机EL元件70可以选择不发光的状态，这是因为亮环境使用时，有机EL元件70处于不发光状态，由于仅让液晶显示元件20进行显示，这样，可以防止有机EL元件70劣化、延长其寿命，同时节省电力清耗。Moreover, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, when the liquid crystal display element is in the bright display state, theorganic EL element 70 can select the state of not emitting light. This is because when used in a bright environment, theorganic EL element 70 is in the state of not emitting light. Let the liquidcrystal display element 20 perform display, so that the degradation of theorganic EL element 70 can be prevented, its life can be extended, and power consumption can be saved at the same time.

又，本实施形态的显示装置50中，液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件70被安排相邻的位置，因此，液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件70的任意一方在亮显示状态时另外一方则处于暗显示状态中。这样一来，总有一方成为黑色矩阵，在显示上就不会降低对比度。Also, in thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment, the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 70 are arranged adjacent to each other. Therefore, when either one of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 70 is in the bright display state, the other is in the bright display state. Dimmed display state. In this way, one side always becomes a black matrix, and the contrast will not be reduced in the display.

实施形态4Embodiment 4

本发明的其他实施形态，以图20为基础进行说明。又，为便于说明，对在所述实施形态，到实施形态3的附图上已经出现过的或具有同一功能的部件注上相同符号，不再说明，因时在实施形态1至实施形态3中已叙述过的各种特征，本实施形态中也同样适用。Another embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 20 . Again, for the convenience of description, in the above-mentioned embodiment, the components that have appeared on the drawings of the third embodiment or have the same function are marked with the same symbols, and will not be described again. The various features described above are also applicable to this embodiment.

本实施形态中将对利用光传感器检测外来光线，根据其检测结果调节有机EL元件60或有机EL元件70亮度的情况进行说明。In this embodiment, a case will be described in which external light is detected by an optical sensor, and the brightness of theorganic EL element 60 ororganic EL element 70 is adjusted based on the detection result.

即，为图20所示，显示装置50中设有作为显示控制手段的控制电路91及测量电路92，该控制电路91收到图像显示的信号后，通过电源部90向源驱动器6发出信号，同时，向门控驱动器7发出信号，在本实施形态中，通过测定电路23，作为外光检测手段的光传感器93被接在控制电路91上。That is, as shown in FIG. 20, thedisplay device 50 is provided with a control circuit 91 and a measurement circuit 92 as display control means. After the control circuit 91 receives a signal for image display, it sends a signal to thesource driver 6 through the power supply unit 90. Simultaneously, a signal is sent to thegate driver 7. In the present embodiment, the light sensor 93 as an external light detection means is connected to the control circuit 91 through the measuringcircuit 23.

然后，控制电路91进行光传感器93的控制和外光测定的控制，光传感器93可由例如光敏晶体管元件等构成。Then, the control circuit 91 performs the control of the photosensor 93 and the control of external light measurement, and the photosensor 93 can be constituted by, for example, a phototransistor element or the like.

又，本实施形态中，作为发光元件使用有机EL元件60及有机EL元件70的同时，也使用作为光调制元件的液晶显示元件20，所述电源部90假设为与液晶驱动相比更需要驱动能力的有机EL元件60或有机EL元件80的驱动用恒电流或恒电压电流。因此，作液晶显示时，不用电源部90。In addition, in this embodiment, theorganic EL element 60 and theorganic EL element 70 are used as light-emitting elements, and the liquidcrystal display element 20 is also used as a light modulation element. Ability to drive theorganic EL element 60 or the organic EL element 80 with a constant current or a constant voltage current. Therefore, the power supply unit 90 is not used for liquid crystal display.

下面，对根据所述光传感器93进行控制和外部光测定的控制器作一说明。Next, a controller for controlling and measuring external light based on the optical sensor 93 will be described.

首先，在暗环境下，控制电路91根据来自光传感器93的信号识别周围为暗环境的情况，并产生驱动有机EL元件60及有机EL70的数据信号和门控信号，这样，有机EL元件60或有机EL元件70的灰色等级显示在电流部90一侧进行的场合下，从控制电路91将信号送往电源部90。First, in a dark environment, the control circuit 91 recognizes that the surrounding is a dark environment according to the signal from the light sensor 93, and generates data signals and gate signals for driving theorganic EL element 60 and theorganic EL 70, so that theorganic EL element 60 or When the grayscale display of theorganic EL element 70 is performed on the current unit 90 side, a signal is sent from the control circuit 91 to the power supply unit 90 .

另一主面，亮环境时，根据光器发来的信号，产生驱动反射型液晶显示元件20的数据线路2主号及门控线信号，这时为前所述，因和电源部90没有关系，从控制电路91直接控制电源的信号。On the other main surface, when the environment is bright, according to the signal sent by the optical device, thedata line 2 main number and the gate control line signal for driving the reflective liquidcrystal display element 20 are generated. relationship, the signal from the control circuit 91 directly controls the power supply.

在要使用机EL元件60或者有机EL元件70与液晶显示元件双方同时显示时，从电路91发出各显示用源信号，藉此，各显示总能进行亮度调整，能根据周围的环境选择最清的显示状态。When both theorganic EL element 60 or theorganic EL element 70 and the liquid crystal display element are to be displayed at the same time, each display source signal is sent from the circuit 91, whereby the brightness of each display can always be adjusted, and the clearest display can be selected according to the surrounding environment. display status.

这样，不仅借助于利用光敏元件93对外部光测定，不仅能自动地让有机EL元件60或有机EL元件70发光或让液晶显示元件20进行反射显示的交替切换而且能选择最适合于环境状态。In this way, not only can theorganic EL element 60 or theorganic EL element 70 emit light automatically, or the liquidcrystal display element 20 can perform reflective display alternately, but also can select the most suitable environment state by means of the external light measurement by the photosensitive element 93.

以上所述，本实施诉显示装置50，借助控制电路91，在由光敏感无件进行外部光测定结果的基础上，能选择显示有机EL元件60或有机EL元件70及液晶显示元件20的双方或其中任意一方。As mentioned above, thedisplay device 50 of the present embodiment can select to display both theorganic EL element 60 or theorganic EL element 70 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 by means of the control circuit 91 on the basis of the measurement result of the external light by the photosensitive element. or either.

因此，可以根据周围的亮暗程度，自动选择有机EL元件60、有机EL元件70或液晶显示元件20的显示，以确保最佳的显示状态。Therefore, the display of theorganic EL element 60, theorganic EL element 70, or the liquidcrystal display element 20 can be automatically selected according to the brightness and darkness of the surroundings to ensure an optimal display state.

实施形态5Embodiment 5

本发明的另外实施形态，以图21～图26为基础说明为下。Another embodiment of the present invention will be described below on the basis of FIGS. 21 to 26 .

为便于说明，凡在前述的实施1～实施形态4的附图中出过的部件或具有相同机能的部件均标以相同的符号，并省略说明。又，在前述实施形态1～实施形态4已叙述过的各种特征，在本实施形态中同样适用。For the convenience of explanation, the same reference numerals are assigned to the parts shown in the drawings of the first to fourth embodiments or the parts with the same functions, and the description thereof will be omitted. In addition, the various features described in the aforementioned first to fourth embodiments are also applicable to this embodiment.

本实施诉显示装置1如图21所示，利用在纵向上设有的多根作为数据信号线的源极总线2a…、横方向上设有的多根作为扫描信号线的门控总线3…，使作为显示区的各显示像素10…形成为矩阵状。Thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 21 , utilizes a plurality ofsource bus lines 2a . . . , eachdisplay pixel 10... which is a display area is formed in a matrix.

在本实施形态中，所述显示像素10分割为由具有反射性的第1显示区即反射区11、具有透过性的第2显示区即透过区12。如图22所示，所述反射区11是由构成作为光调制元件的反射型液晶显示无件20的铝(Al)等金属组成的像素电极25形成，由此，外部光4被这些像素电板25反射。In the present embodiment, thedisplay pixel 10 is divided into a reflective first display area, which is areflective area 11 , and a transmissive second display area, which is a transmissive area 12 . As shown in FIG. 22, thereflective area 11 is formed bypixel electrodes 25 composed of metals such as aluminum (Al) constituting a reflective liquidcrystal display element 20 as a light modulation element, wherebyexternal light 4 is captured by these pixel electrodes.Plate 25 reflects.

另一方面，如该图所示，在像素电极25的中央部位有一个形开口部25，此开口部形成了上述的透过区12。在像素电极25的开口部25a的下方，即在像素电极25的后方通过透明绝缘层24设有作为发光元件的有机EL元件40，此有机EL元件40依靠自身发出的显示光5直接进行显示，即，本实施形态不是以往那样也将有机EL元件当作背景灯光或前照光使用，有机EL元件40能直接进行显示，因而本实施形态的显示装置1可以说是将液晶显示元件20构成的反型液晶显示装置与有机EL元件40构成的有机EL显示装置做成一体的显示装置。On the other hand, as shown in the figure, there is arectangular opening 25 at the center of thepixel electrode 25, and this opening forms the above-mentioned transmissive region 12. Below theopening 25a of thepixel electrode 25, that is, at the rear of thepixel electrode 25, anorganic EL element 40 as a light-emitting element is provided through the transparent insulating layer 24. Theorganic EL element 40 directly performs display by the display light 5 emitted by itself. That is, this embodiment does not use the organic EL element as a backlight or a front light as in the past, and theorganic EL element 40 can directly display. An organic EL display device composed of a type liquid crystal display device and anorganic EL element 40 is an integrated display device.

这里，所述的有机EL元件40可能与透过区12的面积大致相等或比它小一些，即，有机EL元件40不必在整个透过区12上形成而可根据面画亮度形成所需的面积，因此，把有机EL元件40的面积做成比透过区12小，还可使有机EL元素40消耗的电力降低。又，如果把有机EL元件40做的与透过区12基本相同创意味着有机EL元件40比透过区12的面积稍大的也可以即，有机EL元件40比透过区12的面积仅稍大的一时，有机EL元件40的照射效率是无妨的，另外，即若有机EL元件40比透过区12的面积稍大，像素电极25发挥黑色矩阵的作用，所以不会引起问题。Here, theorganic EL element 40 may be approximately equal to or smaller than the area of the transmission region 12, that is, theorganic EL element 40 does not have to be formed on the entire transmission region 12 but can be formed according to the screen brightness. Therefore, making the area of theorganic EL element 40 smaller than that of the transmissive region 12 can also reduce the power consumed by theorganic EL element 40 . Also, if theorganic EL element 40 is made substantially the same as the transmission area 12, it means that the area of theorganic EL element 40 is slightly larger than the area of the transmission area 12, that is, the area of theorganic EL element 40 is only When it is slightly larger, the illumination efficiency of theorganic EL element 40 is not a problem. In addition, if the area of theorganic EL element 40 is slightly larger than the area of the transmission region 12, thepixel electrode 25 will function as a black matrix, so there will be no problem.

上述显示装置1如图一所示，在作为玻璃基板等的第一基板的绝缘基板21上设有液晶用TFT元件22。此液晶用TFT元件22如图21所示，它与所述门控总线3…及源板总线2a…连接，并且是作为通过漏极要板22将电压施加于像素电极25的开关元件发挥功能。In thedisplay device 1 described above, as shown in FIG. 1 , aTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is provided on an insulatingsubstrate 21 that is a first substrate such as a glass substrate. This liquidcrystal TFT element 22, as shown in FIG. 21, is connected to the gatecontrol bus line 3... and the sourceplate bus line 2a..., and functions as a switching element that applies a voltage to thepixel electrode 25 through thedrain plate 22. .

另一方面，所述液晶显示元件20的漏电极22a如该图所示，与用来驱动机有EL元件40的EL用TFT元件42的控制电极42a连接，又，此EL用TFT元件42的源极侧上与供电线2b连接，EL用TFT元件42导通时，由于有供电电压Vdd，使供电线2b通过EL用TFT元件42的漏电极42a，有机EL元件40的有机EL层41上驱动电流流过且有机EL层41发光，又，有机EL层41在具有所述的低分子型EL材料的发光层63的有机EL元件60上，由电子输送层62、发光层63、空穴输送层64构成，另外，对于具有所述的高分子型EL材料的发光层73，仅由发光层73构成。On the other hand, thedrain electrode 22a of the liquidcrystal display element 20 is connected to the control electrode 42a of theEL TFT element 42 for driving theEL element 40 as shown in the figure. The source side is connected to thepower supply line 2b, and when theTFT element 42 for EL is turned on, thepower supply line 2b passes through the drain electrode 42a of theTFT element 42 for EL due to the power supply voltage Vdd, and on the organic EL layer 41 of theorganic EL element 40 The driving current flows and the organic EL layer 41 emits light, and the organic EL layer 41 is composed of theelectron transport layer 62, thelight emitting layer 63, the hole Thetransport layer 64 is constituted, and thelight emitting layer 73 having the above-mentioned polymer type EL material is constituted only by thelight emitting layer 73 .

这里根据图21及图22对所述显示装置1的结构的制造方法进一步作更详细的说明，Here, the manufacturing method of the structure of thedisplay device 1 will be further described in more detail according to FIG. 21 and FIG. 22 ,

首先，如图21所示，在玻璃基板等绝缘基板21上形成液晶用TFT元件22，这时，EL用TFT元件42也在同时形成。接着，用感光性的丙烯树脂将平面膜23例为形成2μm厚，此后，将构成有机EL元件40的反射性阳极43用溅射法形成2000厚的铬(Cr)层，然后用溅镀法形成2000的二氧化硅(SiO₂)层，然后经蚀刻形成规定图案的绝缘层44。接着，用蒸镀法形成发光层即有机EL层41，有机EL层41是用掩模蒸镀法将红、绿、蓝等发光材料对应着各种表示像素10…而形成，接着为了使得电子有效注入有机EL层41，用蒸镀法将镁、银等图中未示出的合金，形成100厚镀层及作为具有透明性的阴极45，再用溅镀法将铟一锌的氧化物(IZO)形成2000厚的层，再用溅镀法将五氧化二钽(Ta₂O₅)形成7000厚的透明绝缘层24，然后将驱动构成液晶显示元件20的液晶层26用的、具有反射性的液晶层26以铝形成。First, as shown in FIG. 21, theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is formed on an insulatingsubstrate 21 such as a glass substrate, and at this time, theTFT element 42 for EL is also formed at the same time. Next, use photosensitive acrylic resin to form theplanar film 23 as a 2 μm thick example, after that, form a 2000 Å thick chromium (Cr) layer by the sputtering method to form thereflective anode 43 of theorganic EL element 40, and then use sputtering A silicon dioxide (SiO₂ ) layer was formed to a thickness of 2000 Å, and then an insulating layer 44 was formed in a predetermined pattern by etching. Next, the organic EL layer 41, which is the light-emitting layer, is formed by vapor deposition. The organic EL layer 41 is formed by using a mask vapor deposition method to form red, green, blue, and other light-emitting materials corresponding tovarious display pixels 10 . Effectively inject the organic EL layer 41, use the alloys not shown in the figure, such as magnesium, silver, to form a 100 Å thick coating and serve as thenegative electrode 45 with transparency by the evaporation method, and then use the sputtering method to deposit the oxide of indium-zinc (IZO) to form a 2000 Å thick layer, and then form a 7000 Å thick transparent insulating layer 24 with tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂ O₅ ) by sputtering, and then drive theliquid crystal layer 26 that constitutes the liquidcrystal display element 20. , The reflectiveliquid crystal layer 26 is formed of aluminum.

另一方面，在其他玻璃基板等作为透明的第2基板的绝缘基板29上，顺次形成滤色层、铟一锡氧化物(ITO)组成的对向电极27。On the other hand, a color filter layer and acounter electrode 27 made of indium-tin oxide (ITO) are sequentially formed on an insulatingsubstrate 29 which is a transparent second substrate such as another glass substrate.

接着，将液晶分子对着绝缘基板29，把有垂直取向性质的(未图示)取向膜(商品名[JALS204日本全成橡胶社制])用旋转涂布法涂布后再经过培烧形成。Next, the liquid crystal molecules are placed against the insulatingsubstrate 29, and an alignment film (trade name [JALS204, manufactured by Japan Zensei Rubber Co., Ltd.]) with vertical alignment properties (not shown) is applied by spin coating and then fired to form .

然后，通过形成开口部的图中未示出的掩膜，仅使形成有机EL元件40的部分以外的部分曝光，用紫外光照射绝缘基板31侧的成形基板，另一方面，即使对绝缘基板29侧的成形基板，在与绝缘基板21贴合的场合下，与有机EL元件40对向的部分以外的区上也要用紫外光照射，将该两枚成型基板加以摩擦，并对图中未示出的取向膜施以一轴取向处理，通过密封树脂贴合后，电介质各向异性为正时，将Δn0.06的液晶材料(メルク公司制)注入，制成液晶显示元件20。接着，将位相差板31与偏振片32依次贴附在绝缘基板29的表面上，由此完成显示装置1的制造。再有，相差片31的相位差，对λ＝550nm的光，采用λ/4的相位差。Then, only the part other than the part where theorganic EL element 40 is formed is exposed through a mask not shown in the figure in which the opening is formed, and the forming substrate on the side of the insulatingsubstrate 31 is irradiated with ultraviolet light. The molded substrate on the 29 side, in the case of being bonded to the insulatingsubstrate 21, should also be irradiated with ultraviolet light on the area other than the part facing theorganic EL element 40, rub the two molded substrates, and compare The alignment film (not shown) was subjected to uniaxial alignment treatment, bonded by sealing resin, and when the dielectric anisotropy became positive, a liquid crystal material (manufactured by Merck) of Δn 0.06 was injected to form the liquidcrystal display element 20 . Next, thephase difference plate 31 and thepolarizing plate 32 are sequentially pasted on the surface of the insulatingsubstrate 29 , thereby completing the manufacture of thedisplay device 1 . In addition, the phase difference of thephase difference plate 31 adopts a phase difference of λ/4 for light of λ=550 nm.

在将如此制成的显示装置置于外部光4中并不施加电压的状态下进行观察，有机EL元件40的上部位置上为黑显示，没有形成有机EL元件40的上部位置上为黑显示，没有形成有机EL元件40的部分呈白显示，这是由于经紫外光照射过的部分，发现取向膜的垂直取向性的官能基被切断，液晶分子对绝缘基板21及绝缘基板29平行取向。When the thus produced display device was placed in theexternal light 4 and observed without applying a voltage, the upper part of theorganic EL element 40 was displayed in black, and the upper part where theorganic EL element 40 was not formed was displayed in black, The portion where theorganic EL element 40 is not formed displays white. This is because the vertical alignment functional group of the alignment film is found to be cut off in the portion irradiated with ultraviolet light, and the liquid crystal molecules are aligned parallel to the insulatingsubstrate 21 and the insulatingsubstrate 29 .

对该结果，液晶怪26的显示模式是在未施加电压时显示白色，电压施加后，反射率慢慢减少，呈现为进行黑显示的正常的白模式。As a result, the display mode of theliquid crystal monster 26 is to display white when no voltage is applied, and to exhibit a normal white mode in which black display is performed after the voltage is applied, and the reflectance gradually decreases.

然后，以驱动所述结构的显示装置1用的驱动电路为例说明为下。Next, a driving circuit for driving thedisplay device 1 configured as described above will be described as an example.

如图23所示，显示装置1中，用来顺次传送数据线信号的源极驱动器6连接在源总线2a上，选择显示像素10…的门控驱动器7，连接于门控总线3…。又，一个显示像素10内的显示电路由光调制元件即液晶显示元件20以及发光元件即有机EL元件40构成。As shown in FIG. 23, in thedisplay device 1, thesource driver 6 for sequentially transmitting data line signals is connected to thesource bus 2a, and thegate driver 7 for selectingdisplay pixels 10 is connected to thegate bus 3.... Furthermore, a display circuit in onedisplay pixel 10 is constituted by a liquidcrystal display element 20 which is a light modulation element and anorganic EL element 40 which is a light emitting element.

这些液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40在各自显示装置1的显示区中排列成矩阵状，液晶显示元件20的对向电极27、EL用TFT元件42的供电线26及有机EL元件40的阴极45分别共通地连接于各液晶示元件20及有机EL元件40。即，该驱动电能中，用于将形成阵列状的作为显示区的各显示像素10…进行有源驱动的液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40的驱动，信号线及扫描信号线即门控总线3…以及信号线和数据信号线即源极总线2a…等共用。但本发明未必仅限于此，也能适用于简单的矩阵。These liquidcrystal display elements 20 andorganic EL elements 40 are arranged in a matrix in the display area of eachdisplay device 1.Reference numeral 45 is connected in common to each liquidcrystal display element 20 andorganic EL element 40 , respectively. That is, the drive electric energy is used to drive the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 that actively drive the arrayeddisplay pixels 10 as the display area. The signal line and the scanning signal line are gate bus lines. 3 . . . and signal lines and data signal lines, iesource bus lines 2a . . . are shared. However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to this, and can also be applied to simple matrices.

结果是驱动该显示装置1时，也能够采用所述实施形态1的图9、图10及图11中的驱动方法。又，其驱动方法的详细说明同前述相同，故这里省略。As a result, the driving method shown in FIGS. 9 , 10 and 11 of the first embodiment can also be used for driving thedisplay device 1 . Also, the detailed description of the driving method is the same as the above, so it is omitted here.

关于所述显示动作，根据图24～图26详细说明。再者，图24～图26中，记载了反射率最高条件下液晶层26不加电压时多折射为λ/4时光的状态。The display operation will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 24 to 26 . Furthermore, in FIGS. 24 to 26 , the state of the multi-refraction of light at λ/4 is described when no voltage is applied to theliquid crystal layer 26 under the condition of the highest reflectance.

首先，在外部光4照射下使用显示装置1的场合下，在数据线信号Vs上无电压施加时或者液晶用TFT零件22的漏电压Vd未满液晶用阈值电压Vth(LC)时，以图24所示，外部光4在透过偏振片32及相差片31以后成为圆偏振光而向液晶层26射入。接着，由于液晶层26具有λ/4相位差，当到达反射性像素电极25时，相位差成为λ/2，外光4作为线偏振光来反射，反射后经过与入射时相反的路径，成线偏振光，所以透过偏振片32后成为白显示。这时，液晶用TFT元件22的漏电压Vd在EL用TFT元件42动作的EL用阈值电Vth(OLED)以下，因此，对有机EL元件40不供给电流，处于非发光状态中。First, when thedisplay device 1 is used under the irradiation ofexternal light 4, when no voltage is applied to the data line signal Vs or when the drain voltage Vd of theTFT part 22 for liquid crystal is less than the threshold voltage Vth(LC) for liquid crystal, the 24 , theexternal light 4 becomes circularly polarized light after passing through thepolarizer 32 and thephase difference plate 31 , and enters theliquid crystal layer 26 . Next, since theliquid crystal layer 26 has a phase difference of λ/4, when it reaches thereflective pixel electrode 25, the phase difference becomes λ/2, and theexternal light 4 is reflected as linearly polarized light, and after reflection, passes through a path opposite to that of the incident time, forming Linearly polarized light, so after passing through thepolarizer 32, it becomes a white display. At this time, since the drain voltage Vd of the liquidcrystal TFT element 22 is lower than the EL threshold voltage Vth(OLED) at which theEL TFT element 42 operates, no current is supplied to theorganic EL element 40 and theorganic EL element 40 is in a non-luminescent state.

接着，在外部光照射下使用显示装置1，对施加比液晶用阈值电压Vth大的液晶用TFT元件22的漏电压Vd时液晶显示元件20为黑显示的情况进行说明。Next, a case where the liquidcrystal display element 20 displays black when the drain voltage Vd of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal higher than the threshold voltage Vth for liquid crystal is applied using thedisplay device 1 under external light irradiation will be described.

参见图25，液晶层26的多次折射大致为零。因此，外光到达反射性的像素电极25的时刻例如是保持在右圆偏振的圆偏振光的状态，反射后的时刻例如成为左圆偏振光的逆向旋转的圆偏振光，因此，外部光4的反射光透过相差片41形成为与偏振片32的透过轴成90度垂直角的线偏振光。所以外部光4的反射光不能够透过偏振片32，显示成黑色。Referring to FIG. 25, the multiple refraction of theliquid crystal layer 26 is approximately zero. Therefore, the moment when the external light reaches thereflective pixel electrode 25 is, for example, maintained in the state of right circularly polarized circularly polarized light, and the moment after reflection becomes, for example, reversely rotated circularly polarized light of left circularly polarized light. Therefore, theexternal light 4 The reflected light transmitted through the phase difference film 41 is formed into a linearly polarized light at a 90-degree perpendicular angle to the transmission axis of thepolarizer 32 . Therefore, the reflected light of theexternal light 4 cannot pass through thepolarizer 32 and is displayed in black.

又，这时，液晶用TFT元件22的漏极电压Vd未满EL用TFT元件42动作的EL用阈值电压Vth(OLED)，故没有向有机EL元件40提供电流而保持在非发光状态。At this time, since the drain voltage Vd of the liquidcrystal TFT element 22 is lower than the EL threshold voltage Vth(OLED) at which theEL TFT element 42 operates, no current is supplied to theorganic EL element 40 and theorganic EL element 40 remains in a non-luminescent state.

下面，对外部光4的强度减弱时，对于有机EL元件40发光的情况进行说明。Next, a case where theorganic EL element 40 emits light when the intensity of theexternal light 4 decreases will be described.

如图26所示，使液晶用TFT元件22的漏电压Vd为EL用TFT元件42动作的EL阈值电压Vth(OLED)以上。这样，对有机EL元件40供电而发光。这时如图11所示，漏电压Vd足够高，液晶层26成为黑显示，不会影响有机EL元件40的发光度。As shown in FIG. 26 , the drain voltage Vd of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is made equal to or higher than the EL threshold voltage Vth(OLED) at which theTFT element 42 for EL operates. In this way, power is supplied to theorganic EL element 40 to emit light. At this time, as shown in FIG. 11 , the drain voltage Vd is high enough to display black on theliquid crystal layer 26 without affecting the luminosity of theorganic EL element 40 .

这里，本实施形态中，构成有机EL元件40的阳极43是反射性的金属，无关于显示信号而通常反射光线，当将有机EL显示器装在手机等在野外使用机会较多的产品上时，需将圆偏振片贴在观察者一例，在本实施形态中，如图26所示，液晶层26显示所必须的偏振片32、具有λ/4波长的相位差的相差片31，具有将这样的外部光4反射到几乎为零的功能。又，在有机EL元件40和偏振片32间存在着液晶层26，这部分的液晶层26只在绝缘基板29的一侧上形成对向电极27的电极，因此，液晶层26与施加的电压无关地，而经常处于截止的状态，对抑制外部光4的反射，没有不良影响。Here, in this embodiment, theanode 43 constituting theorganic EL element 40 is a reflective metal, which normally reflects light regardless of the display signal. It is necessary to stick the circular polarizing plate on the observer as an example. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. Theexternal light 4 is reflected to almost zero function. Also, there is aliquid crystal layer 26 between theorganic EL element 40 and thepolarizing plate 32, and this part of theliquid crystal layer 26 forms an electrode of thecounter electrode 27 only on one side of the insulatingsubstrate 29, so theliquid crystal layer 26 and the applied voltage Irrelevant, but always in the cut-off state has no adverse effect on suppressing the reflection ofexternal light 4 .

又，在本实施形态中，形成透明绝缘层24以覆盖有机EL元件全面，因此不会有液晶层26的液晶向有机EL元件40渗透的情况，所以能提高有机EL元件40的可靠性。Also, in this embodiment, since the transparent insulating layer 24 is formed to cover the entire organic EL element, the liquid crystal in theliquid crystal layer 26 does not penetrate into theorganic EL element 40, so the reliability of theorganic EL element 40 can be improved.

如此，本发明实施形态的显示装置中，各显示像素10内，一并设置着由液晶显示元件20反射外部光并进行显示的非发光显示元件形成的反射区11及由有机EL元件40直接调制进行显示的发光显示元件形成的透过区12。In this way, in the display device according to the embodiment of the present invention, in eachdisplay pixel 10, thereflective region 11 formed by the non-luminous display element that reflects external light and displays by the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 that directly modulates the light are provided together. The transmissive region 12 is formed by the light-emitting display element for display.

因此，与所述实施形态1～实施形态4中表示过的显示装置50一样，能提高有机EL元件40的光的利用效率，同时，也能够减少显示装置的厚度。Therefore, similarly to thedisplay device 50 shown inEmbodiments 1 to 4, the light utilization efficiency of theorganic EL element 40 can be improved, and the thickness of the display device can also be reduced.

又，由于不需要背景光、背面侧的偏振片及相差片，能够减少部件数量，结果，不单材料费而且装配次数和各种部件的检查等所需的费用也可削减，使得装置整体的制造费用下降。In addition, since there is no need for background light, a polarizing plate on the back side, and a phase difference plate, the number of parts can be reduced. As a result, not only the cost of materials but also the cost of assembly times and inspections of various parts can be reduced, making the overall manufacturing of the device Fees drop.

又，本实施形态那样的像素分割方式的显示装置1中，反射区11与透过区12的比率，可以设定为任意程度。因此，也可能降低电力的消耗。In addition, in thedisplay device 1 of the pixel division method as in this embodiment, the ratio of thereflective region 11 to the transmissive region 12 can be set to an arbitrary degree. Therefore, it is also possible to reduce power consumption.

又，本实施形态中，设有相互对向的绝缘基板21及绝缘基板29，有机EL元件40及液晶显示元件20都设置在绝缘基板21和绝缘性基板29的中间，并且，在透过区12中，绝缘基板21上依次叠层有机EL元件40、液晶显示元件20的液晶层26。因此，能够可靠地使得显示装置1的厚度变薄，还有，有机EL元件40的表面侧上叠层着液晶层26，有机EL元件40设置在绝缘基板21和绝缘基板29的中间，因而，有机EL元件40的显示光全部透过区12出射，因此，光的利用效率非常高。Also, in this embodiment, an insulatingsubstrate 21 and an insulatingsubstrate 29 facing each other are provided, and theorganic EL element 40 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 are all arranged in the middle of the insulatingsubstrate 21 and the insulatingsubstrate 29. In FIG. 12 , theorganic EL element 40 and theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 are sequentially laminated on the insulatingsubstrate 21 . Therefore, the thickness of thedisplay device 1 can be reliably reduced. Also, theliquid crystal layer 26 is stacked on the surface side of theorganic EL element 40, and theorganic EL element 40 is disposed between the insulatingsubstrate 21 and the insulatingsubstrate 29. Therefore, All the display light of theorganic EL element 40 passes through the region 12 and exits, so the utilization efficiency of light is very high.

由此，能够提供一种小型化、费用低且从野外到室内视觉识别性都优良的显示装置。Accordingly, it is possible to provide a display device that is small in size, low in cost, and excellent in visibility from outdoors to indoors.

可是，有机EL元件40没有必要在透过区12的全部面积上形成，只要根据认为必要的画面亮度来形成必要的面积就可以了，这一点上，本实施形态的显示装置1中，有机EL元件40为大致与透过区12的面积相当或略小的面积，因此，对有机EL元件40，能够进一步减少电力消耗。However, it is not necessary to form theorganic EL element 40 on the entire area of the transmissive region 12, and it is only necessary to form a necessary area according to the brightness of the screen considered necessary. In this regard, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, the organic EL element Theelement 40 has an area approximately equal to or slightly smaller than that of the transmissive region 12 , and therefore, the power consumption of theorganic EL element 40 can be further reduced.

又，本实施形态的显示装置1中，发光元件是由有机EL元件40组成，因此，能容易地将液晶显示元件20和有机EL元件40安装在一对绝缘基板21和29的中间。Furthermore, in thedisplay device 1 of this embodiment, since the light emitting element is composed of theorganic EL element 40, the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 can be easily mounted between the pair of insulatingsubstrates 21 and 29.

又，由于作为发光元件使用电流驱动型的有机EL元件40，而发光元件消耗的电力与其发光面积成正比，因此，在本实施形态的显示装置1的消耗电力与用有机EL元件40作为背景光来使用所消耗的电力相比，仅是其五分之一，因此，确能减少电耗。Moreover, since a current-drivenorganic EL element 40 is used as a light-emitting element, and the power consumed by the light-emitting element is proportional to its light-emitting area, the power consumption of thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment is equivalent to using theorganic EL element 40 as the backlight. It is only one-fifth of the power consumed to use it, so it can indeed reduce power consumption.

又，本实施形态的显示装置1，光调制元件是液晶显示元件20，因此，在将液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40在一个像素内形成时，能容易地以更高的照射效率使光射向开口部25a，从而，既能使装置小型化、降低消耗，而且能提供一种从野外到室内视觉识别性优越的显示装置。Also, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, the light modulation element is the liquidcrystal display element 20. Therefore, when the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 are formed in one pixel, light can be easily transmitted with higher irradiation efficiency. By directing the light to theopening 25a, it is possible to reduce the size of the device and reduce consumption, and to provide a display device with excellent visibility from outdoors to indoors.

又，本实施形态的显示装置1中，有机EL元件40和液晶显示元件20都共用源极总线2a…和门控总线3而驱动的，因此，能够提供一种可防止有机EL元件40和液晶显示元件20的驱动电路结构复杂化且可靠地减少厚度和材料成本的显示装置1。Also, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, theorganic EL elements 40 and the liquidcrystal display elements 20 are driven by sharing thesource bus lines 2a... and thegate bus lines 3. Thedisplay device 1 in which the structure of the driving circuit of thedisplay element 20 is complicated and the thickness and material cost are reliably reduced.

可是，本实施形态中，有机EL元件40发光时，例如作白显示时，若液晶显示元件20作白显示，则所有的显示像素10的对比度降低。However, in the present embodiment, when theorganic EL element 40 emits light, for example, when displaying white, if the liquidcrystal display element 20 displays white, the contrast of all thedisplay pixels 10 decreases.

因此，本实施形态来说，液晶显示元件20的液晶层26，反射区是水平取向模式，透过区则是垂直取向模式，因此，在液晶显示元件20上下加电的情况下，反射区11是白显示，而在对液晶显示元件20上施加电压时，反射率为零、反射区为黑显示。Therefore, in this embodiment, theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 has a horizontal alignment mode in the reflection area, and a vertical alignment mode in the transmission area. Therefore, when the liquidcrystal display element 20 is powered up and down, thereflection area 11 It is a white display, but when a voltage is applied to the liquidcrystal display element 20, the reflectance is zero, and the reflection area is a black display.

因此，本实施形态下有机EL元件40的显示区即透过区12的周围成为黑显示，因此，通过使有机EL元件40进行发光驱动，才能防止对比度低下。Therefore, in the present embodiment, the display region of theorganic EL element 40 , that is, the periphery of the transmissive region 12 is displayed in black, and therefore, the decrease in contrast can be prevented by driving theorganic EL element 40 to emit light.

又，液晶显示元件20的液晶层26中，当有机EL元件40进行显示的透过区12作水平取向时，由于没有形成用来驱动液晶显示元件20的像素电极25，所以只维持初期取向的平行取向，因此，特别在野外等外光4较多的情况下使用这种显示装置1时，维持初期取向的平行取向，因此，特别地在野外等外光4较多的情况下使用这种显示装置1时，维持水平取向的透过区12，由于外部光使反射光增加，即，外部光4透过液晶显示元件再被有机EL元件40反射的缘故。Moreover, in theliquid crystal layer 26 of the liquidcrystal display element 20, when the transmissive region 12 for displaying by theorganic EL element 40 is horizontally aligned, since thepixel electrode 25 for driving the liquidcrystal display element 20 is not formed, only the initial orientation is maintained. Parallel orientation, therefore, when using thisdisplay device 1 under the situation that there are manyoutside lights 4 such as outdoors, the parallel orientation of the initial orientation is maintained. In the case of thedisplay device 1 , the transmissive region 12 maintaining the horizontal orientation increases the reflected light due to external light, that is, theexternal light 4 passes through the liquid crystal display element and is reflected by theorganic EL element 40 .

在这一点，本实施形态中，有机EL元件40上叠层的液晶层26的取向是垂直取向，而反射区11的液晶层26的取向是水平取向，因此不驱动液晶显示元件20，只有有机EL元件40发光的场合下，在透过区12中外部光4的反射光重叠，由此能防止对比度低下及对显示性能的不良影响。In this regard, in this embodiment, the orientation of theliquid crystal layer 26 stacked on theorganic EL element 40 is a vertical orientation, while the orientation of theliquid crystal layer 26 in thereflection area 11 is a horizontal orientation, so the liquidcrystal display element 20 is not driven, and only theorganic EL element 40 is driven. When theEL element 40 emits light, the reflected light of theexternal light 4 overlaps in the transmission region 12, thereby preventing a decrease in contrast and adverse effects on display performance.

又，本实施形态中，将绝缘基板29上形成的滤色层28，形成在所有对向于反射区11及透过区12的部分上，但未必限于这些，例如与透过区12对向的部分即与有机EL元件40对向的区上也可以不形成滤色层28，由此，有机EL层41所发的光，不会被滤色层28吸收，显示可能更亮，另外，通常，有机EL层41的色纯度比滤色层28的色纯度更好，所以这样的显示会更鲜明。Also, in this embodiment, thecolor filter layer 28 formed on the insulatingsubstrate 29 is formed on all parts facing thereflective region 11 and the transmissive region 12, but it is not necessarily limited to these, for example, it is opposite to the transmissive region 12. Thecolor filter layer 28 may not be formed on the part that is opposite to theorganic EL element 40, thus, the light emitted by the organic EL layer 41 will not be absorbed by thecolor filter layer 28, and the display may be brighter. In addition, Usually, the color purity of the organic EL layer 41 is better than that of thecolor filter layer 28, so such display will be more vivid.

又，虽对本实施形态中由液晶显示元件20与有机EL元件组成的显示装置作了说明，但未必仅限于这些，所述的有机EL元件40，也可置换为所述有机EL元件60、70、80。Also, although the display device composed of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and the organic EL element in this embodiment has been described, it is not necessarily limited to these, and the above-mentionedorganic EL element 40 may be replaced by the above-mentionedorganic EL element 60, 70. , 80.

实施形态6Embodiment 6

对于本发明的再一实施形态，参照图27～图29进行说明，为便于说明，对于与所述实施形态1～实施形态5的图中表示过的部件具有同一功能的部件，注以同一符号，不再说明。Still another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 27 to 29. For convenience of description, components having the same functions as those shown in the drawings ofEmbodiments 1 to 5 will be assigned the same symbols. , no longer explained.

另外，关于所述实施形态1～实施形态5中叙述过的各种特点，也可适用于本实施形态中。In addition, the various features described in the first to fifth embodiments can also be applied to this embodiment.

先说明一下本实施形态中，液晶显示元件20和有机EL元件40同时驱动时的情况，这里所说的驱动并不是简单地表示在液晶显示元件20上施加电压或在有机EL元件40上通以电流的状态，而是根据所显示的信息控制这些电压或电流，改变反射光强度和发光元件的发光强度并进行显示的状态。In this embodiment, the situation when the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 are driven at the same time is described first. The driving mentioned here does not simply mean applying a voltage to the liquidcrystal display element 20 or passing a voltage to theorganic EL element 40. The state of the current, but to control these voltages or currents according to the displayed information, change the reflected light intensity and the luminous intensity of the light-emitting element and display the state.

本实施的形态中，在制造显示装置时，如前述图22中所示，在使液晶分子具有对于绝缘基板29垂直取向性质(图中未示出)的取向膜(商品名JALS204(日本合成橡胶社制)形成后，用摩擦作配合处理以后，通过图中未出的密封树脂，将绝缘基板29侧的成型基板和绝缘基板21侧的成形基板的两片成形基板相互贴合，注入作为液晶层26的电介质各向异性的负的液晶材料(商品名MLG6608(メルク公司制造)制成液晶显示元件20，然后，在绝缘基板29的表面依次贴附相差片31和偏振片32，显示装置1就制成了。再者，在本实施形态中，也可以用相差片31的相位差为对λ＝500nm的光1/4的相差片。In the form of this embodiment, when manufacturing the display device, as shown in the above-mentioned FIG. 22, an alignment film (trade name JALS204 (Japan Synthetic Rubber) After being formed by friction, the two molding substrates of the molding substrate on the insulatingsubstrate 29 side and the molding substrate on the insulatingsubstrate 21 side are bonded to each other through a sealing resin not shown in the figure, and injected as a liquid crystal. The negative liquid crystal material (trade name MLG6608 (manufactured by Merck) of the dielectric anisotropy of thelayer 26 is made into a liquidcrystal display element 20, and then, aphase difference plate 31 and apolarizing plate 32 are attached in sequence on the surface of the insulatingsubstrate 29, and thedisplay device 1 In addition, in this embodiment, the phase difference of thephase difference plate 31 may be 1/4 for the light of λ=500nm.

又，本实施形态中的驱动电路使用了与所述实施形态5不同的驱动电路，即，本实施形态中采用了对液晶显示元件20与有机EL元件40相互独立的驱动系统。In addition, the drive circuit in this embodiment uses a drive circuit different from that in the fifth embodiment, that is, a drive system independent of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 is used in this embodiment.

下面对所述结构显示装置具体显示动作，依据图27～图29进行说明。The specific display operation of the structural display device will be described below with reference to FIGS. 27 to 29 .

首先，如图27所示，液晶层26的显示模式如上所由于用了与用电介质各向异性为负的液晶材料制成的液晶层26和垂直取向性的取向膜(图中未示出)，不加电压的状态下显示为黑而如图28所示慢慢施加电压，反射率逐渐增加而成为作白显示的正常黑模式。First, as shown in Figure 27, the display mode of theliquid crystal layer 26 is due to the use of theliquid crystal layer 26 made of a negative liquid crystal material with dielectric anisotropy and an orientation film (not shown in the figure) of vertical alignment. In the state where no voltage is applied, it is displayed as black, and as shown in FIG. 28, the voltage is gradually applied, and the reflectivity gradually increases to become a normal black mode for white display.

即，在外部光4条件下使用显示装置1的场合，不加电压或漏电压Vd未满共用阈值电压Vth时，如图27所示，外部光4透过偏振片32及相差片31后，成圆偏振光射入液晶层26，由于液晶用TFT元件22，液晶层26上被施以未满共用阈值电压Vth的漏电压Vd，由于这时液晶层26的多次折射为0，到达反射性的像素电极25的时刻，例如为保持右圆偏振光的圆偏振状态，而在用像素电极反射的时刻例如为左圆偏振光的反方向旋转的圆偏振状态。因此，反射光在透过相差片31后成为与偏振片32的透过轴90度垂直的线偏振光。这样，外部光4的反射光不能通过偏振片32，显示为黑，因此，图29(a)所示液晶显示元件20的亮度大致为零。又，这时，如图29(b)所示，有机EL元件40也为未满共用阈值电压Vth的截止状态，也不对所述有机EL层41供给电流，所以呈不发光的状态。That is, when thedisplay device 1 is used under the condition ofexternal light 4, when no voltage is applied or the drain voltage Vd is less than the common threshold voltage Vth, as shown in FIG. Circularly polarized light enters theliquid crystal layer 26, and due to theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal, theliquid crystal layer 26 is applied with a drain voltage Vd that is less than the common threshold voltage Vth. At the time of thepermanent pixel electrode 25, for example, the circular polarization state of the right circularly polarized light is maintained, and at the time of reflection by the pixel electrode, for example, the circular polarization state of the left circularly polarized light is rotated in the opposite direction. Therefore, the reflected light becomes linearly polarized light perpendicular to the transmission axis of thepolarizer 32 at 90 degrees after passing through thephase difference film 31 . In this way, the reflected light of theexternal light 4 cannot pass through thepolarizer 32, and the display is black, so the luminance of the liquidcrystal display element 20 shown in FIG. 29(a) is substantially zero. Also at this time, as shown in FIG. 29(b), theorganic EL element 40 is in an off state below the common threshold voltage Vth, and no current is supplied to the organic EL layer 41, so it is in a state of not emitting light.

下面对施加电压作白显示的场合，根据图28作以下说明，同一图中记载自作为反射率最高的条件即液晶层26的多次折射为λ/4的光的状态。Next, when a voltage is applied to display white, the following description will be made with reference to FIG. 28, which shows the state of light refracted multiple times by theliquid crystal layer 26 at λ/4, which is the condition with the highest reflectance.

如图28所示，液晶层26上施加共同阈值电压Vth以上的漏电压Vd，由于液晶层26具有多次折射而不能保持圆偏振光状态，因此，从反射性的像素电极25来的外部光4的反射光透过偏振片32，如图29(a)所示，液晶显示元件20的亮度显示为白色。As shown in FIG. 28, a drain voltage Vd above the common threshold voltage Vth is applied to theliquid crystal layer 26. Since theliquid crystal layer 26 has multiple refractions, it cannot maintain the state of circularly polarized light. Therefore, the external light from thereflective pixel electrode 25 4 is transmitted through thepolarizing plate 32, as shown in FIG. 29(a), the brightness of the liquidcrystal display element 20 is displayed as white.

这时，如图28所示，EL用TFT元件42也处在导通状态，因此，由于所述电流供给线2b供给的电流图29(b)所示，有机EL元件40成为发光状态。At this time, as shown in FIG. 28 , theEL TFT element 42 is also in an on state, and therefore, theorganic EL element 40 is in a light emitting state as shown in FIG. 29( b ) by the current supplied from thecurrent supply line 2 b.

在此，如所述图22所示，构成有机EL元件40的阳极43由反射性金属形成，与显示信号无关，总是将光线反射，将有机EL显示器安装在那些户外使用机会多的产品上时，虽然有必要在观察者一侧贴会圆偏振片，但在本实施形态中，对液晶层26的显示所需的偏振片32及具有λ/4波长相位差的相差片31，具有使上述外部光4的反射几乎为零的功能。Here, as shown in FIG. 22, theanode 43 constituting theorganic EL element 40 is formed of a reflective metal, and always reflects light regardless of the display signal. The organic EL display is mounted on products that have many opportunities for outdoor use. In this case, although it is necessary to stick a circular polarizing plate on the observer side, in this embodiment, thepolarizing plate 32 required for the display of theliquid crystal layer 26 and thephase difference plate 31 having a wavelength retardation of λ/4 have a The reflection of the above-mentionedexternal light 4 is almost zero function.

又，在有机EL元件40和偏振片32中间存在着液晶层26，在其透过区12的部分液晶层26上，电极如对向电极27那样形成在绝缘基板29侧，因此，如图27及图28所示，液晶层26不管施加电压如何，总是截止状态，由于保持垂直取向性对于抑制外光反射无不良影响。Also, there is aliquid crystal layer 26 between theorganic EL element 40 and thepolarizing plate 32, and on a part of theliquid crystal layer 26 in the transmissive region 12, electrodes are formed on the insulatingsubstrate 29 side like thecounter electrode 27. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 27 As shown in FIG. 28, theliquid crystal layer 26 is always in the OFF state regardless of the applied voltage, and there is no adverse effect on the suppression of external light reflection because the vertical alignment is maintained.

又，对本实施形态中，对于同时驱动液晶层26与有机EL元件40的示例已作了说明，在外部光强烈的情况下，不向有机EL元件40各个电流，由此，仅以液晶层26进行显示，能够节约耗电。Also, in this embodiment, the example of driving theliquid crystal layer 26 and theorganic EL element 40 at the same time has been described. In the case of strong external light, no current is supplied to each of theorganic EL elements 40, and thus only theliquid crystal layer 26 is driven. Displaying can save power consumption.

又，在本实施形态中，与所述实施形态5同样地，用透明绝缘层24将有机EL元件40全面覆盖而形成，液晶层26的液晶不会浸入有机EL元件40，从而提高了有机EL元件40的可靠性。Also, in this embodiment, as in the fifth embodiment, theorganic EL element 40 is completely covered with the transparent insulating layer 24, and the liquid crystal in theliquid crystal layer 26 does not infiltrate into theorganic EL element 40, thereby improving theorganic EL element 40.Component 40 reliability.

这样地，在本实施形态的显示装置1中，有机EL元件40和液晶显示元件20为相互独立驱动，因此能独立地驱动有机EL元件40和液晶显示元件20。又，作为相互独立地驱动有机EL元件40和液晶显示元件20的结构，例如，有机EL元件40与液晶显示元件20各自具有源极总线2a…和门控总线3…或者共有在各自设置源总线2a的门控总线3…。In this way, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, theorganic EL element 40 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 are driven independently of each other, and therefore theorganic EL element 40 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 can be driven independently. Also, as a structure for driving theorganic EL element 40 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 independently of each other, for example, theorganic EL element 40 and the liquidcrystal display element 20 each have asource bus line 2a ... and agate bus line 3 ... or share a source bus line in each of them.Gated bus 3... of 2a.

又，本实施形态的显示装置1中，液晶显示元件20为正常黑，因此，在液晶显示EL元件40独立驱动之时，不驱动液晶显示元件而仅驱动有机EL元件40的情况下，有机EL元件40的显示区即透过区12的周围反射光成为黑显示。In addition, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, the liquidcrystal display element 20 is normally black. Therefore, when the liquid crystaldisplay EL element 40 is independently driven, and only theorganic EL element 40 is driven without driving the liquid crystal display element, theorganic EL element 40 is driven. The light reflected around the transmission area 12, which is the display area of theelement 40, is displayed in black.

因而，可以防止仅有机EL元件40发光驱动时的对比度低下。Therefore, it is possible to prevent a decrease in contrast when only theorganic EL element 40 is driven to emit light.

又，本实施形态中假如液晶显示元件20，采用正常黑以外的构成时，会有与实施形态，相同的结构和功能。Also, in this embodiment, if the liquidcrystal display element 20 adopts a structure other than normally black, it will have the same structure and function as the embodiment.

又，本实施形态中，对液晶显示元件20与有机EL元件40组合而成的显示装置已作过说明，但未必仅限于此，所述有机EL元件40可以置换成所述的有机EL元件60、70、80。Also, in this embodiment, the display device in which the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 are combined has been described, but it is not necessarily limited to this, and theorganic EL element 40 may be replaced by theorganic EL element 60 described above. , 70, 80.

实施形态7Implementation form 7

本发明的其他实施形态可按图30及图31说明如下，再者，为便于说明凡与所述实施形态1～实施形态6的图中表示过的部件和具有同一功能的部件，注以同一符号，省略说明。Other embodiments of the present invention can be described as follows with reference to FIG. 30 and FIG. 31. Furthermore, for the convenience of description, the components shown in the drawings of the first to sixth embodiments and the components with the same function are marked with the same symbol, description omitted.

另外，关于所述实施形态1～实施形态6中叙述过的各种特点，也可以适用于本实施形态中。In addition, the various features described inEmbodiment 1 toEmbodiment 6 can also be applied to this embodiment.

如前所述，液晶显示装置和有机EL显示装置分别具有薄、轻的特点，同时在亮的场所中反射型液晶显示装置在都省电力方面较为有利，另一方面，在暗的场所，从光利用效率和形状考虑，有机EL显示装置较有效，因此，在一片基板上形成液晶显示元件和有机EL显示元件双方缺点可以互补，在各种不同环境下能够进行最佳显示。As mentioned above, liquid crystal display devices and organic EL display devices have the characteristics of thinness and lightness respectively. At the same time, reflective liquid crystal display devices are more advantageous in terms of power saving in bright places. On the other hand, in dark places, from Considering light utilization efficiency and shape, the organic EL display device is more effective. Therefore, forming a liquid crystal display element and an organic EL display element on a single substrate can complement each other, and optimal display can be performed in various environments.

然而，在上述的显示装置中，若单纯在一片基板上形成液晶显示元件和有机EL显示元件，则基板内的布线和驱动电路变得复杂，制造时的成品率和成本等成为问题。However, in the above-mentioned display device, simply forming the liquid crystal display element and the organic EL display element on a single substrate will complicate the wiring and driving circuits in the substrate, and the yield and cost during manufacture will be problematic.

因此，在显示装置1中，按照所述实施形态5的图23的结构，有关液晶显示文件20及有机EL元件40的驱动，能够共用信号线以及扫描信号线即门控总线3…信号线、数据信号线即源极总线2a…，这样就解决了上述问题。Therefore, in thedisplay device 1, according to the configuration of FIG. 23 of the fifth embodiment, the drive of theliquid crystal display 20 and theorganic EL element 40 can share the signal lines and the scanning signal lines, that is, thegate bus 3 ... signal lines, The data signal line is thesource bus line 2a..., thus solving the above-mentioned problem.

本实施形态中，对该显示装置1的驱动电路的驱动方法如下所述。In the present embodiment, the driving method of the driving circuit of thedisplay device 1 is as follows.

如图30所示，对于来自门控总线3…的扫描信号Vg，在选择其时使电压增高、液晶用TFT元件22处于导通(ON)状态，另一方面，在非选择时，通过使电压降低、液晶用TFT元件22处于截止(OFF)状态。另外，源极总线来的数据线信号Vs在反射型显示时，对于COM信号Vcom进行反相驱动，根据与COM信号Vcom的差分信号调节反射光量并进行显示。As shown in FIG. 30, for the scanning signal Vg from thegate control bus 3..., when it is selected, the voltage is increased, and theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is in a conduction (ON) state; The voltage drops, and theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is turned off (OFF). In addition, in reflective display, the data line signal Vs from the source bus is driven inversely to the COM signal Vcom, and the amount of reflected light is adjusted based on the differential signal from the COM signal Vcom to perform display.

这时，来自源极总线2a…的数据线信号Vs因为没有超过EL用TFT元件42的EL用阈值Vth(OLED)，有机EL元件40中电流不流通，不进行发光显示，另一方面，来自源极总线2a…的数据线信号Vs超过EL用TFT元件42的EL用阈值Vth(OLED)有机EL元件40电流流动，进行发光显示。At this time, since the data line signal Vs from thesource bus line 2a ... does not exceed the EL threshold value Vth (OLED) of theEL TFT element 42, the current does not flow through theorganic EL element 40, and no light-emitting display is performed. When the data line signal Vs of thesource bus line 2a exceeds the EL threshold value Vth of the EL TFT element 42 (OLED), theorganic EL element 40 current flows, and light-emitting display is performed.

在发光显示时，由于根据对GND的信号值进行发光量控制，因此电源总线2a来的数据线信号Vs不能进行反相驱动。During light-emitting display, since the light-emitting amount is controlled according to the signal value of GND, the data line signal Vs from thepower bus 2a cannot be driven in reverse.

又，本实施形态中，液晶显示元件20是正常白型液晶，因此信号COM Vcom与来自源极总线的数据线信号Vs的差分大时，进行暗显示因此反射型显示部分不反射外部光，而只能作发光型显示。Also, in this embodiment, the liquidcrystal display element 20 is a normal white liquid crystal, so when the difference between the signal COM Vcom and the data line signal Vs from the source bus line is large, dark display is performed, so the reflective display part does not reflect external light, but Can only be used for luminous display.

又，本实施形态中，为了防止液晶元件的图案保留现象，即使在发光元件进行发光显示时，成为对向电极27的COM信号Vcom对液晶显示元件20进行交流驱动，藉此防止发生图案保留现象。Also, in this embodiment, in order to prevent the pattern retention phenomenon of the liquid crystal element, even when the light emitting element performs light-emitting display, the COM signal Vcom that becomes thecounter electrode 27 AC drives the liquidcrystal display element 20, thereby preventing the pattern retention phenomenon from occurring. .

又，本实施形态中，作为电压一电流转换手段，利用了一个EL用TFT元件42，但未必局限于这样，即，如图31所示，为了抑制显示装置1的面内离散，也可使用2个以上元件，能根据来自源极总线2a….的数据线信号进行动作电压的阈值控制及发光量控制。Also, in this embodiment, oneTFT element 42 for EL is used as the voltage-current conversion means, but it is not necessarily limited to this, that is, as shown in FIG. Two or more elements can control the threshold value of the operating voltage and control the light emission amount based on the data line signals from thesource bus lines 2a....

如上所述，本实施形态中，能相互共用源极总线2a…及门控总线3…，该源极总线2a…及门控总线3…用于通过液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40驱动配置成矩阵状的上述各显示象素10…。As described above, in the present embodiment, thesource bus lines 2a... and thegate bus lines 3... which are used to drive and arrange the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 can be shared with each other. Thedisplay pixels 10 described above are arranged in a matrix.

又，本实施形态的显示装置1中通过给液晶显示元件20的源极总线2a及门控总线3上施加驱动信号，能驱动有机EL元件40，因此，利用驱动液晶显示元件20的源极总线2a及门控总线3就能驱动有机EL元件40，这样，也促进了源极驱动器6及门驱动器7等的各驱动器共用化结果，源极总线2a…及门控总线3…并没有增加源极总线2a及门控总线3…液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40的发光驱动，可以防止对比度的降低。Moreover, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, theorganic EL element 40 can be driven by applying a drive signal to thesource bus line 2a and thegate bus line 3 of the liquidcrystal display element 20. Therefore, the source bus line for driving the liquidcrystal display element 20 2a andgate control bus 3 can driveorganic EL element 40, like this, also promotes each driver commonization result such assource driver 6 andgate driver 7, etc.,source bus 2a ... andgate control bus 3 ... do not increase source Thepole bus 2a, thegate bus 3...the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 can be driven to prevent the contrast from being lowered.

又，本实施形态的显示装置1中，光调制元件是由液晶显示元件形成，结果，液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40都形成在一个显示像素10内，由此，可以使显示装置兼具二者的长处，即液晶显示元件20的低功耗和有机EL元件的高光利用效率。In addition, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, the light modulation element is formed by a liquid crystal display element. As a result, the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 are all formed in onedisplay pixel 10. The advantages of both, ie, the low power consumption of the liquidcrystal display element 20 and the high light utilization efficiency of the organic EL element.

这样，在液晶用TFT元件22的特性方面液晶显示元件20对应于对向电极27的电位有必要作反相驱动即作交流驱动，另一方面，有机EL元件40如上所述，如根据电流作非反相驱动即直流驱动就可以满足了。In this way, in terms of the characteristics of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystals, the liquidcrystal display element 20 must be driven in an inverse direction corresponding to the potential of thecounter electrode 27, that is, it must be driven in an alternating current. Non-inverting drive, that is, DC drive is sufficient.

这一点，在本实施形态的显示装置1中，设置有具有外部光反射性的像素电极25，并且，与该像素电极25对向的对向电极27设置在对向基板侧的显示像素10整个面上，又，在由液晶显示元件20进行显示时，相对于对向电极27的电位进行反相驱动，另一方面，在根据有机EL元件40进行显示时，阴极45的电位即对地电位能非反相驱动。In this regard, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, thepixel electrode 25 having external light reflectivity is provided, and thecounter electrode 27 facing thepixel electrode 25 is provided on theentire display pixel 10 on the counter substrate side. On the other hand, when the display is performed by the liquidcrystal display element 20, the potential of thecounter electrode 27 is driven inversely. On the other hand, when the display is performed by theorganic EL element 40, the potential of thecathode 45 is the ground potential. Can be driven non-inverting.

因此，在采用液晶显示元件20作为光调制元件的情况下，能够确实而适当地驱动液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40设置在比具有外部光反射性的像素电极25更靠后的一侧，并且，有机EL元件40向前方自行发光时只在透过区12进行显示，有像素电极存在的反射区11，光不能透过。Therefore, when the liquidcrystal display element 20 is used as the light modulation element, the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 can be reliably and appropriately driven. In addition, when theorganic EL element 40 emits light by itself in the forward direction, only the transmissive region 12 displays, and thereflective region 11 where the pixel electrodes exist does not transmit light.

因此，在驱动有机EL元件40时，液晶显示元件20的像素电极25起着黑色矩阵的作用，因此，使有机EL元件40的对比度得到维持。Therefore, when theorganic EL element 40 is driven, thepixel electrodes 25 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 function as a black matrix, and thus the contrast of theorganic EL element 40 is maintained.

再者，本实施形态中，对液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40组合而成的显示装置作了有关的说明，但未必仅限于此，所述的有机EL元件40可以置换使用前述的有机EL元件60、70、80。Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the display device in which the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 are combined has been described, but it is not necessarily limited thereto. Theorganic EL element 40 described above can be replaced by the aforementioned organicEL element Elements 60, 70, 80.

又，在上述实施形态1～实施形态7中，反射型液晶显示元件20作为光调制元件使用，但并不限于此，例如也可用反射镜等能使光反射量变化的显示元件，另外，可以为电迁移型显示器件、扭转球(Twist Ball)型显示器件、使用细微棱镜膜的反射型显示器件、利用数字反射镜器件的光调制元件等。Also, in the first to seventh embodiments described above, the reflective liquidcrystal display element 20 is used as a light modulation element, but it is not limited thereto. For example, a display element that can change the light reflection amount such as a mirror can also be used. Electromigration type display devices, twist ball (Twist Ball) type display devices, reflective display devices using fine prism films, light modulation elements using digital mirror devices, etc.

又，作为发光元件，在实施形态1～实施形态7中使用了有机EL元件40、60、70、80，但也并不仅限于此，例如，也可以采用无机EL元件、LED(发光二极管)等的发光亮度可变的元件，还可以采用场效发光(FED)、等离子显示装置。Also, as light emitting elements,organic EL elements 40, 60, 70, and 80 were used inEmbodiments 1 to 7, but they are not limited thereto. For example, inorganic EL elements, LEDs (light emitting diodes), etc. may also be used. The element with variable luminous brightness can also use field effect luminescent (FED) and plasma display devices.

又，在所述实施形态1～实施形态7中，绝缘基板29，也不一定要硬度物质，也可以采用薄片的。Also, in the first to seventh embodiments, the insulatingsubstrate 29 does not necessarily have to be made of a hard material, and a thin sheet may be used.

又，在所述的实施形态1～所述实施形态7中作为驱动液晶显示元件20的开关元件使用液晶用TFT元件22，也不限于此，例如可以采用液晶用MIN(MetalInsulators Metal，金属绝缘体金属)元件。Again, in the above-mentionedembodiment 1 to the above-mentionedembodiment 7, theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is used as the switching element for driving the liquidcrystal display element 20, and it is not limited thereto. For example, a MIN (Metal Insulators Metal, Metal Insulator Metal )element.

实施形态8Embodiment 8

本发明的其他实施形态可按图32进行说明。再者，为便于说明，凡与所述实施形态1至实施形态7的图中表示过的部件和具有同一功能的部件，注上同一符号，不再说明。Other embodiments of the present invention can be described with reference to FIG. 32 . Furthermore, for the convenience of description, the components shown in the drawings ofEmbodiment 1 toEmbodiment 7 and the components having the same functions are marked with the same symbols and will not be described again.

另外，关于所述实施形态1至实施形态7中叙述过的各种特点，也可以适合于本实施形态中。In addition, the various features described in the first to seventh embodiments can also be applied to this embodiment.

如前所述，液晶显示装置和有机EL显示装置各具有薄、轻的特点，同时，在亮的场所，反射型液晶显示装置在都省电能方面较为有利，另一方面，在暗的场所，后光利用效率和外形考虑，则有机EL显示装置较为有效，因此在一片基板上莆成液晶显示件和有机EL显示元件，双方缺点可以互补，可以认为是各种不同环境下最佳的显示装置。As mentioned above, liquid crystal display devices and organic EL display devices each have the characteristics of thinness and lightness. At the same time, in bright places, reflective liquid crystal display devices are more advantageous in terms of power saving. Considering light utilization efficiency and shape, the organic EL display device is more effective. Therefore, a liquid crystal display device and an organic EL display device are formed on one substrate, and the shortcomings of both sides can complement each other. It can be considered as the best display device in various environments. .

然而，在上述显示装置中，一片基板上单纯地形成液晶显示元件和有机EL显示元件，基板内的布线和驱动电路变得复杂，制造时的成品率和成本等收成为问题。However, in the above-mentioned display device, the liquid crystal display element and the organic EL display element are simply formed on a single substrate, and wiring and driving circuits in the substrate become complicated, and yield and cost at the time of manufacture are problematic.

因此，在上述显示装置1中，按照所述实施形态5的图23的结构，对于液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40的驱动，将信号线扫描信号线即门控总线3…信号线、数据信号线即源极总线2a…共用，可以就解决上述问题。Therefore, in the above-mentioneddisplay device 1, according to the structure shown in FIG. 23 of the fifth embodiment, for driving the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40, the signal line scanning signal line, that is, thegate bus 3 ... signal line, data The signal lines, that is, thesource bus lines 2a... are shared, so that the above-mentioned problems can be solved.

本实施形态中，关于该显示装置1的驱动电路的驱动方法，现对所述实施形态5不同的方法予以详述，再者，驱动电路与图23所示相同。In this embodiment, the driving method of the driving circuit of thedisplay device 1 will now be described in detail with respect to the method different from that of the fifth embodiment, and the driving circuit is the same as that shown in FIG. 23 .

首先，在一个显示像素10中，图像信号的单位时间即1个场，如图32(a)所示表示为1T。First, in onedisplay pixel 10 , one field, which is a unit time of an image signal, is expressed as 1T as shown in FIG. 32( a ).

本实施形态中，如图32(b)(c)中所示，对于来自所述门控总线3…的扫描线信号Vg，在选择时把电压升高使图23中表示液晶用TFT元件22处于导通(ON)状态，另一方面，在非选择时把电压降低使液晶TFT元件处在截止(OFF)状态。In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 32(b)(c), for the scanning line signal Vg from thegate control bus 3..., the voltage is raised during selection so that theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal shown in FIG. It is in the conduction (ON) state. On the other hand, when it is not selected, the voltage is lowered so that the liquid crystal TFT element is in the cut-off (OFF) state.

又，扫描线信号Vg，在1场T的期间进行了多次选择处于导通状态，另外，其扫描线信号Vg选择的时间间隔并不是等间隔的而是2的幂，即，见图1图所示将1个场T，按照2⁰∶2¹∶2²那样进行分割，其结果，1场T可分割成(1/7)T、(2/7)T、(4/7)T的各间隔。再说，也可以将时间间隔等分，但按2的幂为间隔，扫描线信号Vg的选择会次数少了而增加灰度等级数。即。这样，通过例如把1个场分为2⁰∶2¹∶2²，将各分割部分个别地点亮，考虑1个场T内的总灯亮时间时，结果，能表现为8种灰度等级。In addition, the scanning line signal Vg has been selected multiple times during the period of one field T to be in the conducting state. In addition, the time interval selected by the scanning line signal Vg is not equal intervals but a power of 2, that is, see FIG. 1 As shown in the figure, one field T is divided according to 2⁰ : 2¹ :^{2 2.} As a result, one field T can be divided into (1/7)T, (2/7)T, (4/7) Each interval of T. Furthermore, the time interval can also be divided into equal parts, but if the power of 2 is used as the interval, the number of selections of the scanning line signal Vg will be reduced and the number of gray levels will be increased. Right now. In this way, by dividing one field into, for example, 2⁰ : 2¹ : 2² , and individually lighting each divided part, and considering the total lighting time in one field T, as a result, eight gray scales can be expressed. .

又，在本实施表态中1个场T的期间中，例如将3次扫描信号Vg，作为导通状态，由此假定表示8种灰度等级，但未必仅限于此，随着将该次数增加显示上的灰度等级数也进一步增加，即，通常是，将图像信号的单位时间即1个场T分割为多个时，各分割幅度为1(＝2⁰)∶2¹∶2²….2ⁿ(n为正整数)的间隔，据此，能表示2ⁿ⁺¹个灰度等级，另外，扫描线信号Vg的选择次减少，能增加灰度等级数。In addition, in the period of one field T in the present embodiment, for example, the scanning signal Vg is set as the conduction state three times, thereby assuming that eight kinds of gray scales are displayed, but it is not necessarily limited to this. The number of gradation levels on display is further increased. That is, when one field T, which is a unit time of an image signal, is generally divided into a plurality, each division width is 1 (=2⁰ ):^{2 1} : 2² . . . .2ⁿ (n is a positive integer) interval, according to which, 2ⁿ⁺¹ gray levels can be represented. In addition, the number of selections of the scanning line signal Vg is reduced, and the number of gray levels can be increased.

下面对具体的反射型显示及发光显示的驱动方法说明如下。The specific driving methods of the reflective display and the light-emitting display are described below.

首先，在进行反射型显示时，图32(b)所示，来自图23所示的源极总线2a的数据线信号Vs对于通讯信号Vcom进行反相驱动，根据COMVcom信号的双值信号使反射光量改变，另外，在3次扫描线信号Vg内，执行通断在时间上调节反射光量即，通过增减射时间来达到调节光量的效果。First, when performing reflective display, as shown in FIG. 32(b), the data line signal Vs from thesource bus 2a shown in FIG. The amount of light changes. In addition, within the three scanning line signals Vg, the on-off is performed to adjust the amount of reflected light in time, that is, the effect of adjusting the amount of light is achieved by increasing or decreasing the emission time.

又，本实施形态中，液晶显示元件20用正常的型液晶，因此用图32(b)所示的驱动信号，在时段(4/7)T及时段(1/7)T时为明状态时段(2/7)T时则为暗状态。在第1场及第2场都是第五灰度等级，即，例如，时段(2/7)T时，COMVcom信号为ON状态，另一方面数据线信号Vs则为OFF状态。结果1是，液晶显示元件20上变成被施加电压的状态，因此，时段(2/7)T时成暗状态。Also, in the present embodiment, the liquidcrystal display element 20 uses a normal type liquid crystal, so with the driving signal shown in FIG. During the time period (2/7)T, it is in a dark state. In the fifth gray level in the first field and the second field, that is, for example, during the period (2/7)T, the COMVcom signal is ON, and the data line signal Vs is OFF. As aresult 1, a voltage is applied to the liquidcrystal display element 20 , and therefore, it becomes dark during the period (2/7)T.

这时，从所述源极总线2a…来的数据线信号Vs不超过图23所示EL用TFT元件42的EL用阈值电压Vth(OLED)，因此，电流不流入有机EL元件40，不发光显示。At this time, the data line signal Vs from thesource bus line 2a... does not exceed the EL threshold voltage Vth(OLED) of theEL TFT element 42 shown in FIG. show.

另一方面，进行发光显示时，如图32(c)所示，所述源极总线2a…来的数据线信号Vs超过EL用TFT元件42的EL阈值电压Vth(OLED)，因此电流流向有机EL元件40，电流流动并进行发光显示。On the other hand, when performing light-emitting display, as shown in FIG. 32(c), the data line signal Vs from thesource bus line 2a exceeds the EL threshold voltage Vth(OLED) of theTFT element 42 for EL, so the current flows to the organic In theEL element 40, a current flows and light-emitting display is performed.

本实施形态中，将1场T的期间内3次扫描线信号Vg设为ON状态，3次扫描线信号Vg使有机EL元件ON-OFF动作。与所述液晶显示元件20同样在时间上调整发光光量而进行显示发光。具体说，如图23(c)所示，时段(4/7)T及(1/7)T时为ON状态，另一方面，时段(2/7)T时则为OFF状态，结果是第1场及第2场都是第5灰度等级显示。In the present embodiment, the scanning line signal Vg is turned ON three times in the period of one field T, and the organic EL element is turned ON-OFF by the scanning line signal Vg three times. Similar to the above-mentioned liquidcrystal display element 20 , the amount of light emitted is adjusted temporally to perform display light emission. Specifically, as shown in Figure 23(c), the time period (4/7)T and (1/7)T is in the ON state, on the other hand, the time period (2/7)T is in the OFF state, and the result is Both the first field and the second field are displayed in the fifth gray scale.

这里，发光显示时，用对GND信号，发光ON-OFF被控制，因此，通讯信号Vcom做成一定并且从源极总线2a来的数据线信号Vs不作反相驱动，另外，本实施形态中，液晶显示元件20如上所述，用的是正常白液晶，因此COM信号Vcom与来自源极总线2a…的数据线信号Vs的差分信号经常为较大的值。因此，液晶经常在暗显示状态，反射型显示部分不反射外部光4，故能作发光型显示。Here, when the light is displayed, the GND signal is used to control the light ON-OFF. Therefore, the communication signal Vcom is made constant and the data line signal Vs from thesource bus 2a is not driven in reverse. In addition, in this embodiment, As mentioned above, the liquidcrystal display element 20 uses normally white liquid crystal, so the differential signal between the COM signal Vcom and the data line signal Vs from thesource bus 2a... always has a large value. Therefore, the liquid crystal is always in a dark display state, and the reflective display part does not reflectexternal light 4, so it can be used as a light-emitting display.

又，本实施形态中，在进行发光显示的场合时，COM信号Vcom与电源极总线2a…来的数据线读号Vs的差分信号经常为较大的值，因此液晶经常处于暗显示状态，反射型显示的部分不反射外光4，能作发光型显示。Also, in the present embodiment, when performing light-emitting display, the differential signal between the COM signal Vcom and the data line reading sign Vs from thepower pole bus 2a...is always a relatively large value, so the liquid crystal is often in a dark display state, reflecting The part of the type display does not reflectexternal light 4, and can be used as a luminous type display.

又，本实施形态下，在进行发光显示时，使COM信号Vcom一定并使从源极总线2a…的数据线信号Vs变化，因此有机EL元件40进行通断动作，从而对COM信号Vcom，液晶显示元件20作交流驱动，防止图案保留现象的发生。Also, in this embodiment, when performing light-emitting display, the COM signal Vcom is kept constant and the data line signal Vs from thesource bus 2a... Thedisplay element 20 is AC driven to prevent pattern retention.

又，本实施形态中，作为电压电流的变换手段，由一个EL用TFT元件42来构成，但并不限于此，即，如图31年示，为了抑制显示装置1的面内高散也可用两个以上元件，依靠源极总线2a…来的数据线信号Vs，能对工作电压的阈值进行控制，这样的结构为好。Also, in the present embodiment, as the means for converting voltage and current, it is constituted by oneTFT element 42 for EL, but it is not limited to this, that is, as shown in FIG. More than two elements can control the threshold value of the working voltage by relying on the data line signal Vs from thesource bus 2a, such a structure is preferable.

以上的本实施形态中，发液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40驱动配置成矩阵状的上述各显示象素10…用的源极总线2a…及门控电线3…能相互共用。In the above-mentioned present embodiment, thesource bus lines 2a... and thegate control wires 3... for driving therespective display pixels 10... and the above-mentioneddisplay pixels 10... which are arranged in a matrix form by the light-emitting liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 can be shared with each other.

另外，本实施形态的显示装置1中通过对液晶显示元件供电和控制的源极总线2a…及门控总线3…施加驱动信号，就能驱动有机EL元件40，因而，施加驱动信号，就能驱动有机EL元件40，因而，用驱动液晶显示元件20用的源极总线2a…及门控总线3…也可能驱动有机EL元件40，这也导致源极驱动器6及门控驱动器T等各驱动器共用，其结果是不必再增加源极总线2a…及门控总线3…而可进行液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40的各种显示。In addition, in thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, theorganic EL elements 40 can be driven by applying driving signals to thesource bus lines 2a ... and thegate bus lines 3 ... for power supply and control of the liquid crystal display elements. Theorganic EL element 40 is driven, therefore, it is also possible to drive theorganic EL element 40 with thesource bus line 2a ... and the gatecontrol bus line 3 ... for driving the liquidcrystal display element 20, which also causes each driver such as thesource driver 6 and the gate driver T to As a result of sharing, various displays can be performed by the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 without addingsource bus lines 2a... andgate bus lines 3....

又，在本实施形态中，液晶显示元件20的特性是正常的，这样，在液晶显示元件20上没有施加电压的状态时，反射区11呈白显示，而当液晶20也被施加电压后，反射率为零的反射区11呈黑显示。另外，当从源极总线2a…施加到液晶显示元件20上的电压越大，越要进行黑显示。Again, in this embodiment, the characteristic of liquidcrystal display element 20 is normal, like this, when no voltage is applied on the state of liquidcrystal display element 20,reflective region 11 is white display, and afterliquid crystal 20 is also applied voltage, Thereflective region 11 having a reflectance of zero is displayed in black. In addition, the larger the voltage applied to the liquidcrystal display element 20 from thesource bus line 2a, the more black display is performed.

因此，在驱动有机EL元件40时，如上所述，液晶显示元件20为驱动状态，而且其显示为黑色。Therefore, when theorganic EL element 40 is driven, as described above, the liquidcrystal display element 20 is in a driven state, and it displays black.

其结果，因有机EL元件40的显示区即透过区12的周围成黑显示，故通过发光驱动有机EL元件40能防止对比度下降。As a result, since the periphery of the transmissive region 12, which is the display region of theorganic EL element 40, is displayed in black, driving theorganic EL element 40 by emitting light can prevent a decrease in contrast.

另外，在本实施形态的显示装置中，光调制元件由液晶显示元件20组成。其结果，通过在一个显示象素10内形成液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40，从而能提供既有液晶显示元件20的长处即电耗低，又有有机EL元件40的长处即光利用效率高的显示装置1。In addition, in the display device of the present embodiment, the light modulation element is composed of the liquidcrystal display element 20 . As a result, by forming the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 in onedisplay pixel 10, it is possible to provide both the advantage of the liquidcrystal display element 20, that is, low power consumption, and the advantage of theorganic EL element 40, that is, light utilization efficiency.High display device 1 .

在此，在液晶用TFT元件22的特性上，液晶显示元件20对于对向电极27的电位有必要反相驱动即交流驱动，另一方面，有机EL元件40如上所述，若能由电流非反相驱动即直流驱动，则已足够。Here, in terms of the characteristics of theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal, the liquidcrystal display element 20 needs to be driven in reverse phase with respect to the potential of thecounter electrode 27, that is, to be driven by alternating current. Inverting drive, that is, DC drive, is sufficient.

这一点，在本实施形态的显示装置1上设置有外部光反射特性的象素电极25，并与该象素电极25对向的对向电极27设在对向基板中显示象素10的整个面上。另外，在由液晶显示元件20显示时，对于对向电极27的电位作反相驱动，另一方面，在由有机EL元件40显示时，对于阴极45的电位即GND电位作非反相驱动。In this regard, thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment is provided with apixel electrode 25 having external light reflection characteristics, and thecounter electrode 27 facing thepixel electrode 25 is provided on the counter substrate for the entirety of thedisplay pixel 10. face. In addition, when the display is performed by the liquidcrystal display element 20, the potential of thecounter electrode 27 is driven in an inverse phase. On the other hand, when the display is performed by theorganic EL element 40, the potential of thecathode 45, that is, the GND potential is non-inverted.

因此，在用液晶显示元件20作为光调制元件时，能确实并适宜地驱动液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件40。Therefore, when the liquidcrystal display element 20 is used as a light modulation element, the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 40 can be reliably and suitably driven.

另外，在本实施形态的显示装置中，有机EL元件40设置在较有外部光反射特性的象素电极25更后的后方侧，而且，有机EL元件40在向前方自行发光时，能只在透过区12显示，存在象素电极25的反射区11处光变成非透过。In addition, in the display device of this embodiment, theorganic EL element 40 is arranged on the rear side of thepixel electrode 25 having external light reflection characteristics, and when theorganic EL element 40 emits light by itself in the front, it can only The transmissive area 12 shows that light becomes non-transmissive at thereflective area 11 where thepixel electrode 25 exists.

因此，在驱动有机EL元件40时，液晶显示元件20的象素电极25起黑色矩阵的作用。所以，能指望维持有机EL元件40的对比度。Therefore, when theorganic EL element 40 is driven, thepixel electrodes 25 of the liquidcrystal display element 20 function as a black matrix. Therefore, the contrast of theorganic EL element 40 can be expected to be maintained.

另外，用本实施形态显示装置1的驱动方法，将各显示区10内的图象信号的单位时间即一场(Field)T分割成多个，在每一个分割期间使液晶显示元件20或有机EL元件导通、截止。In addition, with the driving method of thedisplay device 1 of the present embodiment, the unit time of the image signal in eachdisplay area 10, that is, one field (Field) T is divided into a plurality, and the liquidcrystal display element 20 or organic The EL element is turned on and off.

因此，能控制一个场T内液晶显示元件20或有机EL元件40的总的导通时间之同时，还能增加该灯亮图案的种类，并能对它们有效地进行驱动。Therefore, it is possible to control the total ON time of the liquidcrystal display element 20 or theorganic EL element 40 in one field T, increase the types of lighting patterns, and drive them efficiently.

另外，这样做，通过时间上控制液晶显示元件20或有机EL元件40的导通时间，从而能显示图象信号的灰度等级。In addition, by doing this, by temporally controlling the conduction time of the liquidcrystal display element 20 or theorganic EL element 40, it is possible to display the gradation of the image signal.

因此，在在显示区10内形成两个显示元件即液晶显示元件20及有机EL元件4时，能防止电路构成变得复杂，提高制造时成品率，降低成本，并提供能有效进行灰度等级显示的显示装置1的驱动方法。Therefore, when two display elements, that is, the liquidcrystal display element 20 and theorganic EL element 4, are formed in thedisplay area 10, the circuit configuration can be prevented from becoming complicated, the yield rate during manufacture can be improved, the cost can be reduced, and a gray scale can be effectively performed. A driving method of thedisplay device 1 shown.

另外，用本实施形态的显示装置1的驱动方法，在将各显示区10内图象信号的单位时间即一场分割成多个时，各分割的宽度分割成1(＝2⁰)∶2¹∶2²∶…∶2ⁿ(n为正整数)的间隔。In addition, in the driving method of thedisplay device 1 according to the present embodiment, when one field, which is a unit time of an image signal in eachdisplay area 10, is divided into a plurality, the width of each division is divided into 1(=2⁰ ):2¹ :^{2 2} :...: 2ⁿ (n is a positive integer) interval.

即，将1场T分割成2的幂的间隔，在其分割期间，也就是在每一个期间(4/7)T、期间(2/7)T、及期间(1/7)中，通过将液晶显示元件20或有机EL元件40置导通状态，从而能在控制1场T内液晶显示元件20或有机EL元件40的总的导通时间之同时，还能增加灯亮图案的种类，并能对它们有效的驱动。That is, one field T is divided into intervals of a power of 2, and during the division period, that is, in each period (4/7)T, period (2/7)T, and period (1/7), pass The liquidcrystal display element 20 or theorganic EL element 40 is placed in a conduction state, so that while controlling the total conduction time of the liquidcrystal display element 20 or theorganic EL element 40 in one field T, the types of lighting patterns can also be increased, and can effectively drive them.

其结果，靠该分割方法，在显示2ⁿ⁺¹个灰度等级时，扫描线信号的选择次数减少，灰度等级数能增加。As a result, with this division method, when displaying 2n⁺¹ gray scales, the number of selections of scanning line signals is reduced, and the number of gray scales can be increased.

还有，本实施形态中，对有机EL元件40设在象素电极25后方时的驱动电路作了说明，但未必限于此，即使在有机EL元件40和液晶层26设在同一层时，本实施形态中说明过的驱动电路仍能适用。In addition, in this embodiment, the driving circuit when theorganic EL element 40 is arranged behind thepixel electrode 25 has been described, but it is not necessarily limited to this. The drive circuits described in the embodiments are still applicable.

另外，在上述实施形态，使用反射型液晶显示元件20为光调制元件，但未必限于此，例如也可使用反射镜等并使光的反射量导通、截止以进行显示的显示元件。还有，可以为电迁移型显示器件、扭转球(Twist Ball)型显示器件、使用细微棱镜膜的反射型显示器件、利用数字反射镜器件的光调制元件等。In the above embodiment, the reflective liquidcrystal display element 20 is used as the light modulation element, but it is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, a display element that turns on and off the amount of reflected light to perform display may be used, for example. In addition, it may be an electromigration type display device, a twist ball (Twist Ball) type display device, a reflection type display device using a fine prism film, a light modulation element using a digital mirror device, and the like.

另外，作为发光元件虽然用了有机EL元件，但未必限于此，例如在使用有机EL元件60、70、80之同时，只要能导通、截止控制LED发光二极管等的发光的无机EL元件，则亦能适用。还有，也能用场效发光显示元件(FED)等离子显示等发光元件。In addition, although an organic EL element is used as a light-emitting element, it is not necessarily limited thereto. For example, while using theorganic EL elements 60, 70, and 80, as long as the inorganic EL elements that control the light emission of LED light-emitting diodes and the like can be turned on and off, then can also be applied. In addition, a light-emitting element such as a field effect light-emitting display device (FED) or a plasma display can also be used.

另外，上述实施形态所述的绝缘基板29，未必是硬性的材料，也可为薄膜之类。In addition, the insulatingsubstrate 29 described in the above embodiment does not have to be a hard material, and may be a thin film or the like.

再者，在上述实施形态中，作为驱动液晶显示元件20的开关元件使用液晶用TFT元件22，但未必限于此，例如，也能使用液晶用MIM元件。In addition, in the above embodiment, theTFT element 22 for liquid crystal is used as the switching element for driving the liquidcrystal display element 20, but it is not necessarily limited to this, and for example, an MIM element for liquid crystal can also be used.

实施形态9Embodiment 9

依据图33至图40对本发明的另外实施形态进行说明如下，而且，为便于说明对于和前述实施形态1至实施形态8的附图中示出的部件有相同功能的，则注上同一符号，不再对具说明。另外，对在前述实施形态1至实施形态8所述的各种特点，对本实施形态也适用。According to Fig. 33 to Fig. 40, another embodiment of the present invention is described as follows, and, for the convenience of description, for the parts shown in the accompanying drawings ofEmbodiment 1 to Embodiment 8, which have the same functions, they are marked with the same symbols, No more explanations. In addition, the various features described inEmbodiment 1 to Embodiment 8 above are also applicable to this embodiment.

本实施形态将对制造单独的发光元件即有机EL显示装置的情形予以说明。This embodiment will describe the case of manufacturing an organic EL display device which is a single light-emitting element.

首先，如图33所示，本实施形态的有机EL显示装置100在两片作为第1基板和第2基板的绝缘基板121、129之间形成TFT驱动电路部和EL层。First, as shown in FIG. 33 , in the organicEL display device 100 of this embodiment, a TFT drive circuit portion and an EL layer are formed between two insulatingsubstrates 121 and 129 as a first substrate and a second substrate.

在一方的绝缘基板121上形成TFT电路142，该TFT电路142上形成成为保护膜的绝缘平面膜123，在该平面膜123上形成象素电极125。该象素电极125通过设在平面膜上的通孔而和上述TFT电路142连接。平面膜123防止水分侵入TFT电路142的同时，还使得TFT电路142的上表面平坦。上述绝缘基板121、TFT电路142、平面膜123及象素电极125形成TFT电路侧基板151。ATFT circuit 142 is formed on one insulatingsubstrate 121 , an insulatingplanar film 123 serving as a protective film is formed on theTFT circuit 142 , and apixel electrode 125 is formed on theplanar film 123 . Thepixel electrode 125 is connected to the above-mentionedTFT circuit 142 through a through hole provided in the planar film. Theplanar film 123 prevents moisture from intruding into theTFT circuit 142 and also makes the upper surface of theTFT circuit 142 flat. The above-mentioned insulatingsubstrate 121 ,TFT circuit 142 ,planar film 123 andpixel electrode 125 form a TFTcircuit side substrate 151 .

另一方面，在设置在与上述TFT电路侧基板151对向位置的另一方绝缘基板129上，设置消去元件的间隙，能遮断来自发光层横向光的黑色矩阵133，同时，在黑色矩阵133上沿着黑色矩阵133形成向EL层供电的电极线165a。再在这些上面形成由成为EL层阳极的透明导电膜组成的阳极电极165。On the other hand, on the other insulatingsubstrate 129 that is arranged on the opposite position to the above-mentioned TFTcircuit side substrate 151, the gap between the elements is set to eliminate theblack matrix 133 that can block the lateral light from the light-emitting layer. Along theblack matrix 133,electrode lines 165a for supplying power to the EL layer are formed. On these, ananode electrode 165 composed of a transparent conductive film serving as the anode of the EL layer is formed.

上述阳极电极(阳极)通常用ITO的氧化物制成，但氧化物制的导电体与金属相比电阻大。因此，根据离开成为供电电源基板端的距离，由透明导电膜组成的阳极电极(阳极)165引起的电力损耗可以勿略不计。基于以上理由，本实施形态中以沿着黑色矩阵133的形式形成作为由金属电极组成约上述供电用电极的电极线165a。The above-mentioned anode electrode (anode) is usually made of an oxide of ITO, but a conductor made of an oxide has a higher resistance than a metal. Therefore, the power loss caused by the anode electrode (anode) 165 composed of a transparent conductive film can be ignored depending on the distance from the end of the substrate to be a power supply source. For the above reasons, in the present embodiment, theelectrode lines 165a are formed along theblack matrix 133 as theelectrode lines 165a composed of metal electrodes approximately the above-mentioned electrodes for power supply.

在上述阳极电极(阳极)165上形成有机EL层166，该有机EL层在此由空穴送层164、发光层163、电子输送层162组成。而且，在电子输送层162上形成阴极电极(阴极)161。以从绝缘底板129至该阴极电极(阴极)161方式完成EL的结构。还有，有机EL元件160由阳极电极(阳极)16、空穴输送层164、发光层163、电子输送层162、及阴极电极(阴极)161构成。Anorganic EL layer 166 is formed on the above-mentioned anode electrode (anode) 165 , and the organic EL layer is composed of ahole transport layer 164 , alight emitting layer 163 , and anelectron transport layer 162 here. Also, a cathode electrode (cathode) 161 is formed on theelectron transport layer 162 . The structure of the EL is completed from the insulatingsubstrate 129 to the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 . In addition, theorganic EL element 160 is composed of an anode electrode (anode) 16 , ahole transport layer 164 , alight emitting layer 163 , anelectron transport layer 162 , and a cathode electrode (cathode) 161 .

本实施形态中，在阴极电极(阴极)161的下表面形成保护阴极电极(阴极)161的阴极保护材料167。这是因为阴极电极(阴极)161易因氧及水分引起氧化，通过形成在阴极电极(阴极)161上，从而在保护该阴极电极(阴极)161之同时，为了易于与TFT电路侧基板151连接而设。即该阴极保护材料167和阴极电极(阴极)161一起连接形成，提高了可靠性。In this embodiment, acathodic protection material 167 for protecting the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 is formed on the lower surface of the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 . This is because the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 is easily oxidized by oxygen and moisture, and by being formed on the cathode electrode (cathode) 161, while protecting the cathode electrode (cathode) 161, it is easy to connect to the TFTcircuit side substrate 151. And set. That is, thecathodic protection material 167 is connected with the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 to improve reliability.

另外，形成TFT电路侧基板151和有机EL元件150的绝缘基板129用连接电极连接。该连接电极168由导电糊及导电树脂形成。它们形成在两方的基板侧后而贴合，另外，也可只在一方的基板上形成。再有，也可使用多片这些材料叠层连接。In addition, the TFT circuit-side substrate 151 and the insulatingsubstrate 129 of the organic EL element 150 are connected by connection electrodes. Theconnection electrodes 168 are formed of conductive paste and conductive resin. These are bonded after being formed on both substrate sides, or they may be formed on only one substrate. Also, multiple sheets of these materials may be laminated and joined.

还有，在上述图20中，作为有机EL层166采用由空穴输送层164、发光层163、电子输送层162组成，但未必限于此，例如图34所示，在有机EL层利用高分子EL材料173，在形成时用喷墨涂布装置涂布高分子EL材料。再者，这样用喷墨涂布装置涂布高分子EL材料。再者，这样用喷墨涂布装置涂布时，为了防止高分子EL材料173流到四周，在黑色矩阵133的下方位置设导引件174。即将导引件174预先制成方框状，该导引件174内部用喷墨涂布涂布高分子EL材料173，再者，虽然有机EL层166在一层上被涂布，但也可和前述一样，在多层上重复涂布高分子EL材料而形成层状。In addition, in the above-mentioned FIG. 20, theorganic EL layer 166 is composed of thehole transport layer 164, thelight emitting layer 163, and theelectron transport layer 162, but it is not necessarily limited to this. For example, as shown in FIG. TheEL material 173 is formed by coating a polymer EL material with an inkjet coating device. Furthermore, the polymer EL material is coated with an inkjet coating device in this way. Furthermore, when coating with an inkjet coating device in this way, in order to prevent thepolymer EL material 173 from flowing around, aguide 174 is provided below theblack matrix 133 . That is, theguide 174 is made into a square frame in advance, and the inside of theguide 174 is coated with apolymer EL material 173 by inkjet coating. Furthermore, although theorganic EL layer 166 is coated on one layer, it can also be As described above, the polymer EL material is repeatedly coated on multiple layers to form a layer.

以下，依据图35至图40说明上述有机EL显示装置100的制造方法。Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the above-mentioned organicEL display device 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 35 to 40 .

首先如图35(a)所示，在绝缘基板129上用氧化铬或TiN、YiO的微粒组成的遮光材料形成黑色矩阵133。黑色矩阵133的厚度可形成在1000～2000左右。氧化铬用喷镀或镀膜等的真空成膜形成。另外，TiN、TiO的微粒分散进抗蚀膜，涂布后，掩膜曝光、显象、烘烤，此后形成图案。First, as shown in FIG. 35(a), ablack matrix 133 is formed on an insulatingsubstrate 129 using a light-shielding material composed of particles of chromium oxide, TiN, and YiO. The thickness of theblack matrix 133 may be formed at about 1000˜2000 Å. Chromium oxide is formed by vacuum deposition such as thermal spraying or coating. In addition, particles of TiN and TiO are dispersed into the resist film, after coating, mask exposure, development, baking, and then pattern formation.

以下，形成供电用电极线165a，其形成方法如，即将铝(Al)、钛(Ti)依该顺序在整个面上连续地喷镀后，用保护膜形成图案，用于蚀刻上连续喷镀后，用保护膜形成图案，用于蚀刻法形成电极图案。假如为铝(Al)取3000、钛(Ti)取800。然后，在具上用喷镀法形成厚1000的ITO膜，作为阳极电极(阳极)165。在该图的(a)～该图的(c)上，表示用掩膜镀膜法在这样形成的绝缘基板129上形成有机EL层166的方法。Next, theelectrode line 165a for power supply is formed, and its formation method is, for example, after aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) are continuously sprayed on the entire surface in this order, and then patterned with a protective film for continuous spraying on etching. Afterwards, a resist film is used to form a pattern, which is used for etching to form an electrode pattern. For example, 3000 Å for aluminum (Al) and 800 Å for titanium (Ti). Then, an ITO film with a thickness of 1000 Å was formed on the tool as an anode electrode (anode) 165 by sputtering. (a) to (c) of the figure show a method of forming theorganic EL layer 166 on the insulatingsubstrate 129 thus formed by the mask coating method.

首先，如图35(a)所示，将掩模155配置在基板上表面，通过掩模155的间隙依次形成成为有机EL层166的材料。具体地，如图35(a)、图35(b)所示顺次叠层空穴输送层164、发光层163及电子输送层162。First, as shown in FIG. 35( a ), amask 155 is placed on the upper surface of the substrate, and the material to be theorganic EL layer 166 is sequentially formed through the gap of themask 155 . Specifically, as shown in FIG. 35( a ) and FIG. 35( b ), thehole transport layer 164 , thelight emitting layer 163 , and theelectron transport layer 162 are sequentially stacked.

另外，作为空穴输送层164的材料可列举出酞化菁化合物，蔡酞化菁化合物，初卟啉类，二苯丁二烯、四苯基丁二烯、香豆素、氮蔡金属络化物、亚胺、二苯葸、二氨基咔唑、芥子喹因、勒布朗等。In addition, examples of materials for thehole transport layer 164 include phthalocyanine compounds, phthalocyanine compounds, primorphyrins, diphenylbutadiene, tetraphenylbutadiene, coumarin, nitrogen phthalocyanine complexes, Imine, dibenzothrene, diaminocarbazole, mustard quinine, LeBlanc, etc.

再有，作为电子输送层162的材料可以列举出芴酮、葸醌基地多威、二苯基对苯醌、四唑、二蔡嵌苯羰基酸。In addition, examples of the material of theelectron transport layer 162 include fluorenone, anthraquinone quidocarb, diphenyl-p-benzoquinone, tetrazole, and pyrylenecarbonyl acid.

然后，如图35(c)所示，在有机EL层166上作为阴极电极(阴极)161，形成工作函数的值较小的电极材料。还有，所谓工作函数系指为将电子从导体、半导体那样的固体中取出到外界所需的最小能量。Then, as shown in FIG. 35( c ), an electrode material having a small work function value is formed on theorganic EL layer 166 as a cathode electrode (cathode) 161 . In addition, the so-called work function refers to the minimum energy required to take electrons out of a solid such as a conductor or a semiconductor to the outside.

作为上述阴极电极(阴极)161可用镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锂(Li)、MgAg合金、LiAl合金等材料。Materials such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), lithium (Li), MgAg alloy, and LiAl alloy can be used as the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 .

作为阴极保护材料167可用铝(Al)、镍(Ni)、钛(Ti)、钽(Ta)等金属。在此，作为阴极电极(阴极)161，用LiAl合金连续形成500～800的膜厚，作为阴极保护材料167用金(Au)连续形成1000的膜厚。Metals such as aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), titanium (Ti), and tantalum (Ta) can be used as thecathodic protection material 167 . Here, as the cathode electrode (cathode) 161, a LiAl alloy is continuously formed in a film thickness of 500 to 800 Å, and as thecathodic protection material 167, gold (Au) is continuously formed in a film thickness of 1000 Å.

这样做，能形成具有有机EL层166侧的基板。还有，此后将掩模155移至下一个象素，形成同样的元件。其结果，如图33所示，在某个象素的有机EL层166和其相邻象素的有机EL层之间形成空隙。In doing so, a substrate having theorganic EL layer 166 side can be formed. Also, themask 155 is then moved to the next pixel to form the same element. As a result, as shown in FIG. 33, a gap is formed between theorganic EL layer 166 of a certain pixel and the organic EL layer of its adjacent pixel.

下面依据图26(a)及图26(b)对形成和TFT电路侧底板151的有机EL元件160侧的基板进行贴合连接的接触层即连接电极168的工序进行说明。26( a ) and FIG. 26( b ), the process of forming theconnection electrode 168 which is a contact layer that is bonded to the substrate on theorganic EL element 160 side of the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 will be described.

如图36(a)所示，TFT电路侧基板151中，在象素电极125的上面形成连接电极168。As shown in FIG. 36( a ), on the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 , theconnection electrode 168 is formed on the upper surface of thepixel electrode 125 .

对于该连接电极168之材料可用导电糊，导电树脂等。尤其是将纳米级颗粒直径的金属微粒用于导电糊，则金属微粒其颗粒直径极小，粒子之间以及与电极接触的几率增大，由此，能在电气上确实可靠地保持接触。As the material of theconnection electrode 168, conductive paste, conductive resin and the like can be used. In particular, when metal microparticles having a particle diameter of nanometer order are used in the conductive paste, the particle diameter of the metal microparticles is extremely small, and the probability of contact between the particles and electrodes increases, thereby making it possible to reliably maintain electrical contact.

另外，作为导电树脂，例如能用特开平11-249299号公报所记载的导电粒子被分散的感光树脂(富士胶卷株式会社制)，或能利用杂志(1986TheChemical Society of Japan)的(CHEMISTRY LETTERS，PP.469-472，1986)等所记载的，利用聚吡咯的感光导电聚合物。还有，特开平11-249299号公报为有关碳黑等导电粒子被分散的感光分散物及感光片的详细的技术，公开了通过曝光及显象形成图案的要旨。另外，在(CHEMISTRY LETTERS PP。462-472，1986)中揭示了，将吡咯单体光化学聚合，使具有导电性，形成聚吡咯，作为电极材料作成图案。In addition, as the conductive resin, for example, a photosensitive resin (manufactured by Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) that can be dispersed with conductive particles described in JP-A-11-249299, or (CHEMISTRY LETTERS, PP) of a magazine (1986 The Chemical Society of Japan) can be used. .469-472, 1986) and other records, the use of polypyrrole photosensitive conductive polymer. In addition, JP-A-11-249299 discloses the gist of forming a pattern by exposure and development as a detailed technique related to a photosensitive dispersion in which conductive particles such as carbon black are dispersed and a photosensitive sheet. In addition, (CHEMISTRY LETTERS PP. 462-472, 1986) discloses that pyrrole monomer is photochemically polymerized to make it conductive to form polypyrrole, which is then patterned as an electrode material.

还有，在此，如图36(a)所示，例如将碳黑分散在保护膜中的感光导材料涂布在TFT电路侧基板151上后，用掩模155进行曝光、显象，如图36(b)所示，进行加工使得仅在象素部上残留连接电极168。Also, here, as shown in FIG. 36(a), for example, after coating a photoconductive material in which carbon black is dispersed in a protective film on the TFTcircuit side substrate 151, exposure and development are performed with amask 155, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 36(b), processing is performed so that theconnection electrode 168 remains only on the pixel portion.

然后，如图27(a)及图37(b)所示，TFT电路侧基板151和有机EL元件160侧的对向基板152相互对准、贴合且此后进行固定。在此，有机EL元件通过连接电极168与TFT电路侧基板151电路上连接，但希望这些TFT电路侧基板151及对向基板152均预先形成导电树脂，在导电树脂之间可保持电气接触。这是因为能防止因金属表面氧化引起接触不良的缘故，利用树脂的弹性能易于保持接触。Then, as shown in FIGS. 27( a ) and 37 ( b ), the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 and theorganic EL element 160side counter substrate 152 are aligned with each other, bonded, and then fixed. Here, the organic EL element is electrically connected to the TFT circuit-side substrate 151 through theconnection electrode 168, but it is desirable that both the TFT circuit-side substrate 151 and thecounter substrate 152 are preformed with conductive resin so that electrical contact can be maintained between the conductive resins. This is because it can prevent poor contact caused by oxidation of the metal surface, and it is easy to maintain contact by utilizing the elastic energy of the resin.

以下，对在有机EL层采用高分子EL材料来形成的情况进行说明。Hereinafter, a case where the organic EL layer is formed using a polymer EL material will be described.

如图38(a)所示，对向基板152的阳极电极(阳极)165上形成导向件174，该导向件174利用抗蚀剂或聚亚胺靠光效蚀刻工序，喷墨涂布而形成。图38(b)表示在导向件174内靠喷墨涂布形成由高分子材料173组成的有机EL层的情形。作为高分子EL材料可列举出聚苯撑乙烯、多氟纶、多噻吩、聚乙烯咔唑等。As shown in FIG. 38(a), aguide 174 is formed on the anode electrode (anode) 165 of thecounter substrate 152, and theguide 174 is formed by inkjet coating using a resist or polyimide by a photoetching process. . FIG. 38(b) shows a state where an organic EL layer composed of apolymer material 173 is formed in aguide 174 by inkjet coating. Examples of polymer EL materials include polyphenylene vinylene, polyfluorocarbon, polythiophene, polyvinylcarbazole, and the like.

然后，如图38(c)所示，形成阴极电极(阴极)161及阳极保护电及材料167后，涂布作为接触层即连接电极168的导电高分子材料。作为阴极电极(阴极)161能用上所述的铝(Al)、镁(Mg)、AlMg、AlLi材料等。在此用镀膜法将AlLi金属材料镀成厚1000A左右的膜，再在具上形成导电高分子材料作为上述连接电极168。另一方面，TFT电路侧基板151如图39所示，例如用喷墨装置涂布感光导树脂的连接电极168而成。Then, as shown in FIG. 38( c ), after forming the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 and the anode protection electrode andmaterial 167, a conductive polymer material as a contact layer, that is, aconnection electrode 168 is applied. As the cathode electrode (cathode) 161, the above-mentioned aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), AlMg, AlLi materials, etc. can be used. Here, the AlLi metal material is plated into a film with a thickness of about 1000 Å, and then a conductive polymer material is formed on the tool as the above-mentionedconnection electrode 168 . On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 39, the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 is formed by coating aconnection electrode 168 of a photosensitive resin using an inkjet device, for example.

接着，如图40(a)及图40(b)所示，TFT电路侧基板151和对向基板152贴合。即TFT电路侧基板151和有机EL元伯160侧的对向基板152相互对准、贴合后固定。在此，虽然有机EL元件160通过连接电极168电路上与TFT电路侧基板151连接，但，希望在这些TFT电咱侧基板151及对向基板152均预先形成导电树脂，最好在导电树脂之间保持电气接触。这是因为能防止因金属表面氧化引起接触不良的缘故，利用树脂的弹性能容易保持接触。Next, as shown in FIGS. 40( a ) and 40 ( b ), the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 and thecounter substrate 152 are bonded together. That is, the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 and thecounter substrate 152 on theorganic EL element 160 side are aligned with each other, bonded and then fixed. Here, although theorganic EL element 160 is electrically connected to the TFT circuit-side substrate 151 through theconnection electrode 168, it is desirable to form conductive resin in advance on these TFT circuit-side substrate 151 and theopposite substrate 152, preferably between the conductive resin. maintain electrical contact. This is because it can prevent poor contact caused by oxidation of the metal surface, and it is easy to maintain contact by utilizing the elastic energy of the resin.

另外，粘接层即连接电极168在被贴合的TFT电路侧基板151及对向基板152的贴合面的外周上，涂环氧树脂等粘接剂，在贴合时硬化粘接即可。还可，在象素间的黑色矩阵处将粘接剂涂在被隐去的部分。In addition, theconnection electrode 168, which is the adhesive layer, is coated with an adhesive such as epoxy resin on the outer periphery of the bonded surface of the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 and thecounter substrate 152 to be bonded, and it is only necessary to harden the bond when bonding. . Alternatively, an adhesive may be applied to the concealed portion at the black matrix between pixels.

这样，本实施形态的有机EL显示装置100及其制造方法在由发光显示元件单独组成的器件上，形成发光元件即有机EL元件160的对向基板152在直至形成有机EL元件160内发光元件用电及即阴极电及(阴极)161后，和TFT电路侧基板151贴合。In this way, in the organicEL display device 100 and its manufacturing method of the present embodiment, on a device composed of a light-emitting display element alone, thecounter substrate 152 for forming the light-emitting element, that is, theorganic EL element 160, until the formation of theorganic EL element 160 is used for the light-emitting element. After the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 is connected, it is bonded to the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 .

由此，有机EL元件160出射的光不是形成驱动有机EL元件160的驱动电路的TFT电路侧基板151，而可能是从与其对向设定的对向基板152出射的。因此，由于光出射的方向和前述现有技术相同，和TFT电路侧基板151侧出射的结构相比，同等地具有以下基本的优点。Therefore, the light emitted from theorganic EL element 160 may be emitted from thecounter substrate 152 provided opposite to the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 forming a driving circuit for driving theorganic EL element 160 . Therefore, since the direction of light emission is the same as that of the aforementioned prior art, it has the following basic advantages as compared with the structure in which the light is emitted from the side of the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 .

首先，设置驱动电路TFT电路睡侧基板151和有机EL元件160能分别形成。因此，能分别独立地安排制造工序，所以不受温度、气体及药品等影响，使可靠性提高。First, the driver circuit TFT circuit sleepingside substrate 151 and theorganic EL element 160 can be formed separately. Therefore, the manufacturing processes can be arranged independently, so they are not affected by temperature, gas, chemicals, etc., and the reliability is improved.

另外，采用上述结构，能使光射在形成有机EL元件160的对向基板152上，因能不影响驱动电路侧开口率能在更大的范围设定发光区，所以能提高亮度。还有，发光面积也大，得到相同亮度的单位面积的电流量也能抑制，能实现延长寿命，及因发光效率提高而减少电耗。In addition, with the above-mentioned structure, light can be incident on thecounter substrate 152 forming theorganic EL element 160, and since the light-emitting area can be set in a wider range without affecting the aperture ratio on the drive circuit side, the luminance can be improved. In addition, the light-emitting area is also large, and the amount of current per unit area to obtain the same luminance can be suppressed, so that life can be extended and power consumption can be reduced due to improved luminous efficiency.

另外，在形成驱动电路的TFT电路侧基板151上光不出射，能在TFT电路侧基板151整个面上形成驱动电路。因此，能自由设定驱动电路的TFT(的大小，或在TFT形成区留有余地，能形成进行精细控制用的电路。因布线宽度上也有余地，所以能提高驱动电路的可靠性，及成品率。In addition, no light is emitted from the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 on which the driver circuit is formed, and the driver circuit can be formed on the entire surface of the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 . Therefore, the size of the TFT (of the driving circuit) can be freely set, or there is room in the TFT formation area, and a circuit for fine control can be formed. Because there is also room for wiring width, the reliability of the driving circuit can be improved, and the finished product Rate.

可是，上述有机EL显示装置100中，有机EL元件160的阴极电极(阴极)161要用工作函数值小的材料。作为这样的材料，金属材料里可例举出镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)及锂(Li)等。这些是不稳定材料，易因气氛中的水分，氧气而发生劣化。另外，根据所接触的材料，有时也会从该材料夺取氧产生化学反应，故在形成之后就立刻用稳定的金属覆盖加以保护。但，用前述现有技术都不能取得能保护阴极电极(阴极)那样的构成。However, in the organicEL display device 100 described above, the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 of theorganic EL element 160 is made of a material having a small work function value. Examples of such a material include magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and lithium (Li) among metallic materials. These are unstable materials that are easily degraded by moisture and oxygen in the atmosphere. In addition, depending on the material it is in contact with, oxygen may be taken away from the material to cause a chemical reaction, so it is protected by a stable metal coating immediately after formation. However, none of the above-mentioned conventional technologies can obtain a structure capable of protecting the cathode electrode (cathode).

对此，本实施形态中，直至在有机EL元件160中形成阴极电极(阴极)161的对向基板152，再在阴极电极(阴极161上形成作为保护该阴极电极(阴极)161的保护电极的阴极保护电极167后，和TFT回路侧基板151贴合。On the other hand, in this embodiment, until thecounter substrate 152 of the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 is formed in theorganic EL element 160, a protective electrode for protecting the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 is formed on the cathode electrode (cathode 161). After cathodically protecting theelectrode 167, it is bonded to the TFTcircuit side substrate 151.

即将直至形成极电极(阴极)161的对向基板152和TFT回路侧基板151贴合时，通过设置保护阴极电极(阴极)161的阴极保护电极材料167，从而能在贴合之际，防止环境中的水分、氧气的影响所造成的阴极电极(阴极)161的性能劣化。When bonding theopposite substrate 152 and the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 until the pole electrode (cathode) 161 is formed, by setting the cathodicprotection electrode material 167 for protecting the cathode electrode (cathode) 161, it is possible to prevent environmental damage during bonding. The performance of the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 is deteriorated due to the influence of moisture and oxygen in the battery.

又，理想地，为通过在同一道工序连续形成保护阴极电极(阴极)161和保护膜的阴极保护电极材料167，能进一步防止阴极电极(阴极)161的劣化。这时，阴极保护电极材料167的形成厚度能自由设定，就能构成具有足够厚度的阴极电极(阴极)161不让氧气等会使阴极电极(阴极)161劣化的成分侵入。Furthermore, it is desirable to further prevent deterioration of the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 by continuously forming the cathodeprotection electrode material 167 for protecting the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 and the protective film in the same process. At this time, the formation thickness of the cathodicprotection electrode material 167 can be freely set, and the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 having a sufficient thickness can be configured to prevent intrusion of components that degrade the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 such as oxygen.

另外，本实施形态的有机EL显示装置100及其制造方法中，形成有机EL元件160的阴极电极(阴极)161的对向基板152，在TFT电路侧基板151的驱动电路电极即象素电极125的接触面上，形成导电糊、导电树脂等的接触层后，与TFT电路侧基板151的象素电极125接合。In addition, in the organicEL display device 100 and its manufacturing method of the present embodiment, thecounter substrate 152 on which the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 of theorganic EL element 160 is formed, and thepixel electrode 125 which is the drive circuit electrode on the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 After forming a contact layer of conductive paste, conductive resin, etc. on the contact surface, it is bonded to thepixel electrode 125 of the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 .

结果，因贴合之时能更确实可靠地保护电气导通，故在接合面上不会断断续续或点接触，就能实现没有亮斑，提遍图象质量。As a result, since the electrical conduction can be more reliably and reliably protected during bonding, there will be no intermittent or point contact on the bonding surface, and no bright spots can be realized, and the image quality can be improved all over.

但，在本实施形态的有机显示装置100及其制造方法中，将形成阴极电极(阴极)161的对向基板152和TFT电路侧基板151贴合时，与出射光侧相反侧的阴极电极(阴极)161，与TFT电路侧基板151对向。However, in theorganic display device 100 and its manufacturing method of the present embodiment, when thecounter substrate 152 on which the cathode electrode (cathode) 161 is formed and the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 are bonded together, the cathode electrode ( The cathode) 161 faces the TFT circuit-side substrate 151 .

但是，透明电极因为通常为用氧化物的导电体，与金属相比电阻高。因此，在具有多个象素的显示屏上使全部象素发光时，在透明电极上最初有可能会压降。而且，在现有技术即将TFT电路侧基板151作为阳极电极的情形下，向驱动电路的TFT的供电，因是金属布线，虽然不存在什么问题，但在电阻率要比金属高出数百倍的透明电体上，因压降引起的亮斑不能忽略。However, since the transparent electrode is usually a conductor made of oxide, it has higher resistance than metal. Therefore, when all the pixels of a display panel having a plurality of pixels are made to emit light, a voltage drop may initially occur on the transparent electrode. Moreover, in the prior art where the TFTcircuit side substrate 151 is used as the anode electrode, the power supply to the TFT of the driving circuit is metal wiring, although there is no problem, but the resistivity is hundreds of times higher than that of metal. On the transparent electric body, the bright spot caused by voltage drop cannot be ignored.

因此，例如，沿着出射侧的黑色矩阵133一并设置金属布线组成的电极线165a，因能抑制压降，故不会产生亮斑。Therefore, for example, if theelectrode lines 165a composed of metal wirings are provided together along theblack matrix 133 on the output side, since the voltage drop can be suppressed, bright spots will not be generated.

还有，本实施表态中，虽然对由发光显示元件单独组成的有机EL显示装置100的特点作了叙述，但该特点对前述实施形态1～8中所述的非发光显示元件和发光显示元件一并设置的装置也能适用，具有同一的作用效果。In addition, in this embodiment, although the characteristics of the organicEL display device 100 composed of light-emitting display elements alone have been described, this feature is different from the non-light-emitting display elements and light-emitting display elements described in the first to eighth embodiments. Devices provided together are also applicable, and have the same function and effect.

Claims (57)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种显示装置，其特征在于，1. A display device, characterized in that,在显示区(10)内，包括由光调制元件(20)反射外部光以进行显示的非发光元件组成的第1显示区(11)、由发光元件(60)直接调制以进行显示的发光元件组成的第2显示区(12a)，一并设置上述第1显示区(11)和第2显示区(12a)。In the display area (10), it includes a first display area (11) composed of a non-light-emitting element that reflects external light for display by a light modulation element (20), and a light-emitting element that is directly modulated by a light-emitting element (60) for display The second display area (12a) is composed of the above-mentioned first display area (11) and second display area (12a).2.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:还包括相互对向的第1基板(21)和第2基板(20)，上述光调制元件(20)及发光元件(60)都设在上述第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)之间。It also includes a first substrate (21) and a second substrate (20) facing each other, the above-mentioned light modulation element (20) and light-emitting element (60) are all arranged on the above-mentioned first substrate (21) and second substrate (29) between.3.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:在上述第2显示区(12a)不存在上述光调制元件(20)的光调制层(26)。The light modulation layer (26) of the light modulation element (20) does not exist in the second display area (12a).4.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，4. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:将上述光调制元件(20)的光调制层(26)和上述发光元件(60)的发光层(63)设置在同一层。The light modulation layer (26) of the above-mentioned light modulation element (20) and the light-emitting layer (63) of the above-mentioned light-emitting element (60) are arranged in the same layer.5.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，5. The display device according to claim 2, wherein:驱动上述发光元件(60)的驱动元件(42)和驱动上述光调制元件(20)的驱动元件(22)形成在上述第1基板侧(51)，而上述发光元件(60)形成在上述第2基板侧(52)。A driving element (42) for driving the light emitting element (60) and a driving element (22) for driving the light modulation element (20) are formed on the first substrate side (51), and the light emitting element (60) is formed on the first substrate side (51). 2 Substrate side (52).6.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，6. The display device according to claim 2, wherein:上述第1基板侧(51)和第2基板侧(52)的任何一方还包括为调整高度而设置的凸部(66)，在该凸部(66)上形成上述发光元件(60)。Either one of the first substrate side (51) and the second substrate side (52) further includes a protrusion (66) provided for height adjustment, and the light emitting element (60) is formed on the protrusion (66).7.根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其特征在于，7. The display device according to claim 6, wherein:上述凸部由导电树脂形成。The protrusions are formed of conductive resin.8.根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其特征在于，8. The display device according to claim 6, characterized in that,上述凸部(66)由绝缘层组成。The above-mentioned protrusion (66) is composed of an insulating layer.9.根据权利要求6所述的显示装置，其特征在于，9. The display device according to claim 6, characterized in that,在上述发光元件(60)的发光元件用电极(61、65)和上述第1基板侧(51)或者第2基板侧(52)的接合面上，还包括导电性材料。A conductive material is further included on the bonding surface between the light emitting element electrodes (61, 65) of the light emitting element (60) and the first substrate side (51) or the second substrate side (52).10.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:上述发光元件(60)的发光层(63)和上述光调制元件(20)的光调制层(26)通过保护层(77)邻接。The light emitting layer (63) of the light emitting element (60) and the light modulation layer (26) of the light modulation element (20) are adjacent to each other via a protective layer (77).11.根据权利要求10所述的显示装置，其特征在于，11. The display device according to claim 10, characterized in that,上述保护层(77)具有遮光功能。The protective layer (77) has a light-shielding function.12.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，12. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that,相互独立地驱动上述发光元件(60)和光调制元件。The above-mentioned light emitting element (60) and light modulating element are driven independently of each other.13.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，13. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that,共有信号线(2a)并来驱动上述发光元件(60)和光调制元件(20)。A common signal line (2a) is used to drive the light emitting element (60) and the light modulating element (20).14.根据权利要求2所述的显示装置，其特征在于，14. The display device according to claim 2, characterized in that,还包括驱动上述发光元件(60)及光调制元件(20)的驱动元件(22、42)，上述驱动元件(22、42)形成在上述第1基板侧(51)或第2基板侧(52)的任一方上。It also includes a drive element (22, 42) for driving the light emitting element (60) and the light modulation element (20), and the drive element (22, 42) is formed on the first substrate side (51) or the second substrate side (52) ) on either side.15.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，15. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:还包括检测外部光的外部光检测手段(93)，还包括根据该外部光检测手段(93)的外部光检测结果选择显示上述发光元件(60)及光调制元件(20)两者或任一方的显示控制手段(91)。It also includes external light detection means (93) for detecting external light, and also includes selecting and displaying both or either of the above-mentioned light-emitting element (60) and light modulation element (20) according to the external light detection result of the external light detection means (93). The display control means (91).16.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，16. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:上述光调制元件(20)是反射型液晶显示元件，上述发光元件为有机电致发光元件。The light modulation element (20) is a reflective liquid crystal display element, and the light emitting element is an organic electroluminescent element.17.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，17. The display device according to claim 1, characterized in that,上述光调制元件(20)的显示面侧电极(27)和上述发光元件(60)的显示两侧电极(65)是由相同材料形成在同一层上。The display surface side electrode (27) of the light modulation element (20) and the display side electrode (65) of the light emitting element (60) are formed on the same layer of the same material.18.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，18. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:在上述光调制元件(20)为亮显示状态时，上述发光元件(60)能选择无发光状态。When the light modulation element (20) is in a bright display state, the light emitting element (60) can select a non-light emitting state.19.根据权利要求1所述的显示装置，其特征在于，19. The display device according to claim 1, wherein:上述光调制元件(20)及发光元件(60)配置成邻接状态，同时，当上述光调制元件(20)及发光元件(60)中的任一方为亮显示状态时，另一方为暗显示状态。The light modulation element (20) and the light emitting element (60) are arranged in an adjacent state, and at the same time, when any one of the light modulation element (20) and the light emitting element (60) is in a bright display state, the other is in a dark display state .20.一种显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，20. A method of manufacturing a display device, characterized in that,在制造权利要求2所述的显示装置时，在上述第1基板(21)上形成驱动电路(22、42)，在上述第1基板(21)上形成驱动电路(22、42)，在上述第2基板(29)上形成上述发光元件(60)，此后，将这些形成驱动电路(22、42)的上述第1基板侧(51)和上述发光元件(60)的上述第2基板侧(52)合在一起而做成一体。When manufacturing the display device according to claim 2, the driving circuit (22, 42) is formed on the first substrate (21), the driving circuit (22, 42) is formed on the first substrate (21), and the The above-mentioned light-emitting element (60) is formed on the second substrate (29), and thereafter, the above-mentioned first substrate side (51) of the driving circuit (22, 42) and the above-mentioned second substrate side of the above-mentioned light-emitting element (60) ( 52) put together and make one.21.根据权利要求20所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，21. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 20, wherein:上述发光元件(60)的发光层(63)和上述光调制元件(20)的光调制层(26)通过保护层(77)邻接设置，同时，可以先形成上述发光元件(60)和保护层(77)中的任一个。The light-emitting layer (63) of the above-mentioned light-emitting element (60) and the light-modulating layer (26) of the above-mentioned light-modulating element (20) are adjacently arranged through the protective layer (77), and at the same time, the above-mentioned light-emitting element (60) and the protective layer can be formed first Either of (77).22.根据权利要求20所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，22. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 20, wherein:在上述发光元件(60)的发光元件用电极(61、65)和上述第1基板侧(51)或第2基板侧(52)的接合面上设置导电性材料后，将上述第1基板侧(51)和第2基板侧(52)贴合。After the conductive material is provided on the bonding surface of the light-emitting element electrodes (61, 65) of the above-mentioned light-emitting element (60) and the first substrate side (51) or the second substrate side (52), the first substrate side (51) and the second substrate side (52) are bonded together.23.根据权利要求20所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，23. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 20, wherein:直至在第2基板(29)上发光元件(60)形成两个发光元件用电极(65、61)后，将形成前述驱动电路(22、42)的第1基板侧(51)和形成发光元件(60)的第2基板侧(52)贴合。After two light-emitting element electrodes (65, 61) are formed on the light-emitting element (60) on the second substrate (29), the first substrate side (51) on which the driving circuit (22, 42) is formed and the light-emitting element are formed. The second substrate side (52) of (60) is bonded.24.根据权利要求20所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，24. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 20, wherein:上述发光元件由有机电致发光元件组成，The above-mentioned light-emitting element is composed of an organic electroluminescent element,形成上述有机电致发光元件的第2基板侧(52)，在直至形成有机电致发光元件中的阴极电极(61)后，和第1基板侧(51)贴合。The second substrate side (52) on which the organic electroluminescence element is formed is bonded to the first substrate side (51) until the cathode electrode (61) in the organic electroluminescence element is formed.25.根据权利要求24所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，25. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 24, wherein:直至形成前述有机电致发光元件中的阴极电极(61)的第2基板侧(52)，在上述阴板电极(61)上形成保护该阴极电极(61)的保护电极(167)后，和第1基板侧(51)贴合。Until forming the second substrate side (52) of the cathode electrode (61) in the aforementioned organic electroluminescent element, after forming a protective electrode (167) to protect the cathode electrode (61) on the above-mentioned cathode electrode (61), and The first substrate side (51) is bonded.26.根据权利要求24所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，26. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 24, wherein:在前述第1基板侧(51)和第2基板侧(52)之间设置电极(25)，An electrode (25) is provided between the first substrate side (51) and the second substrate side (52),形成前述有机电致发光元件中的阴极电极(61)的第2基极侧(52)，在与上述第1基板侧(51)的驱动电路电极(168)的接触面上设置导电性材料后，和第1基板侧(51)的驱动电路电极(25)接合。After forming the second base side (52) of the cathode electrode (61) in the organic electroluminescence element, a conductive material is provided on the contact surface with the driving circuit electrode (168) on the first substrate side (51) , and the drive circuit electrode (25) on the first substrate side (51) is bonded.27.根据权利要求24所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，27. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 24, wherein:前述第2基板侧(52)上，光出射一侧设置有机电致发光元件中的透明电极所组成的阳极电极(65)，同时，在上述阳极电极(65)上，还一并设置有供电用电极(65a)。On the aforementioned second substrate side (52), an anode electrode (65) composed of transparent electrodes in the organic electroluminescent element is arranged on the light emitting side, and at the same time, on the above-mentioned anode electrode (65), a power supply is also arranged together. Use electrode (65a).28.一种显示装置，其特征在于，28. A display device, characterized in that,在显示区内，包含：由光调制元件(20)反射外部光以进行显示的非发光元件组成的第1显示区(11)、由发光元件(40)直接调制以进行显示的发光显示元件组成的第2显示区(12)，一并设置上述第1显示区(11)和第2显示区(12)，同时，In the display area, it includes: the first display area (11) composed of non-light-emitting elements that reflect external light for display by light modulation elements (20), and the light-emitting display elements that are directly modulated by light-emitting elements (40) for display The 2nd display area (12), above-mentioned 1st display area (11) and the 2nd display area (12) are set together, simultaneously,还包括相互对向的第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)，上述光调制元件(20)及发光元件(40)都设置在上述第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)之间，并且，It also includes a first substrate (21) and a second substrate (29) facing each other, and the above-mentioned light modulation element (20) and light-emitting element (40) are all arranged on the above-mentioned first substrate (21) and second substrate (29) between, and,在上述第2显示区(12)上，将上述发光元件(40)、上述光调制元件(20)的光调制层(26)顺次叠层在上述第1基板(21)上。On the second display area (12), the light-emitting element (40) and the light-modulating layer (26) of the light-modulating element (20) are sequentially stacked on the first substrate (21).29.根据权利要求28所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，29. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 28, wherein:上述发光元件(40)具有与上述第2显示区(12)的面积大致相同或比其小的面积。The light emitting element (40) has an area substantially equal to or smaller than that of the second display area (12).30.根据权利要求28所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，30. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 28, wherein:上述发光元件(40)由有机电致发光元件组成。The above-mentioned light-emitting element (40) is composed of an organic electroluminescent element.31.根据权利要求28所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，31. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 28, wherein:上述光调制元件(20)为液晶显示元件。The light modulation element (20) is a liquid crystal display element.32.根据权利要求28所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，32. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 28, wherein:能相互独立地驱动上述发光元件(40)和光调制元件(20)。The above-mentioned light emitting element (40) and light modulation element (20) can be driven independently of each other.33.根据权利要求28所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，33. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 28, wherein:共用信号线(2a)驱动来上述发光元件(40)和光调制元件(20)。The common signal line (2a) drives the light emitting element (40) and the light modulating element (20).34.根据权利要求33所述显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，34. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 33, wherein:作为上述液晶显示元件的光调制层(26)的液晶层，在上述第1显示区中为水平取向模式，而在上述第2显示区中的垂直取向模式。The liquid crystal layer serving as the light modulation layer (26) of the liquid crystal display element is in a horizontal alignment mode in the first display region and in a vertical alignment mode in the second display region.35.一种显示装置，其特征在于，35. A display device, characterized in that,在显示区(10)内，包括由第1电光元件(20)反射外部光以进行显示的第1显示区(11)、由第2电光元件(40、60)以进行显示的第2显示区(12)，一并设置上述第1显示区(11)和第2显示区(12)，In the display area (10), it includes a first display area (11) for display by reflecting external light by the first electro-optic element (20), and a second display area for display by the second electro-optic element (40, 60) (12), the above-mentioned first display area (11) and the second display area (12) are set together,另外，还包括相互对向的第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)，上述第1电光元件(20)及第2电光元件(40、60)都设在上述第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)之间，同时，In addition, it also includes a first substrate (21) and a second substrate (29) facing each other, and the first electro-optic element (20) and the second electro-optic element (40, 60) are all arranged on the first substrate (21) and the second substrate (29), at the same time,用于利用上述第1电光元件(20)及第2电光元件(40、60)驱动配置成矩阵状的上述各显示区(10)的各数据信号线(2a)及各扫描信号线(2b)，能相互共用。Used to drive each data signal line (2a) and each scanning signal line (2b) of each of the above-mentioned display areas (10) arranged in a matrix by using the above-mentioned first electro-optical element (20) and second electro-optic element (40, 60) , can be shared with each other.36.一种显示装置，其特征在于。36. A display device, characterized in that .在显示区(10)内，包括由光调制元件(20)反射外部光以进行显示的非发光显示元件组成的第1显示区(11)、由发光元件(40、60)直接调制以进行显示的发光显示元件组成的第2显示区(12)，一并设置上述第1显示区(11)和第2显示区(12)，另一方面，In the display area (10), there is a first display area (11) composed of non-luminous display elements that reflect external light by light modulation elements (20) for display, and are directly modulated by light-emitting elements (40, 60) for display The second display area (12) composed of light-emitting display elements, the above-mentioned first display area (11) and the second display area (12) are set together, on the other hand,还包括相互对向的第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)，上述光调制元件(20)及发光元件(40、60)都设置在上述第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)之间，同时，It also includes a first substrate (21) and a second substrate (29) facing each other, and the above-mentioned light modulation element (20) and light-emitting elements (40, 60) are all arranged on the above-mentioned first substrate (21) and second substrate ( 29) Between, at the same time,用于上述光调制元件(20)及发光元件(40、60)驱动配置成矩阵状的上述各显示区(10)用的各数据信号线(2a)及各扫描信号线(2b)，能相互共用。Each data signal line (2a) and each scanning signal line (2b) used for driving the above-mentioned light modulation element (20) and light-emitting element (40, 60) arranged in a matrix for each of the above-mentioned display areas (10) can be mutually shared.37.一种显示装置，其特征在于，37. A display device, characterized in that,在显示区(10)内，包括由光调制元件(20)反射外部光以进行显示的非发光显示元件组成的第1显示区(11)、由发光元件(40、60)直接调制以进行显示的发光显示元件组成的第2显示区(12)，一并设置第1显示区(11)和第2显示区(12)，另一方面，In the display area (10), there is a first display area (11) composed of non-luminous display elements that reflect external light by light modulation elements (20) for display, and are directly modulated by light-emitting elements (40, 60) for display The second display area (12) composed of light-emitting display elements, the first display area (11) and the second display area (12) are set together, on the other hand,还包括相互对向的第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)，上述光调制元件(20)及发光元件(40、60)都设置在上述第1基板(21)和第2基板(29)之间，同时，It also includes a first substrate (21) and a second substrate (29) facing each other, and the above-mentioned light modulation element (20) and light-emitting elements (40, 60) are all arranged on the above-mentioned first substrate (21) and second substrate ( 29) Between, at the same time,在用于以上述光调制元件(20)驱动配置成矩阵状的上述各显示区(10)的各数据信号线(2a)及各扫描信号线(26)上，施加驱动信号，驱动发光元件(40、60)。On each data signal line (2a) and each scanning signal line (26) for driving each of the above-mentioned display areas (10) arranged in a matrix with the above-mentioned light modulation element (20), a driving signal is applied to drive the light-emitting element ( 40, 60).38.根据权利要求36所述显示装置，其特征在于，38. The display device according to claim 36, wherein:还包括将要驱动上述发光元件(40、60)的电压变换成电流的电压电流变换段(42)，It also includes a voltage-current conversion section (42) that converts the voltage to drive the above-mentioned light-emitting elements (40, 60) into a current,驱动上述光调制元件(20)的开关元件即光调制元件用晶体管(22)的漏电极与上述电压电流变换手段(42)连接。A drain electrode of a transistor (22) for a light modulation element that is a switching element for driving the light modulation element (20) is connected to the voltage-current converting means (42).39.根据权利要求38所述的显示装置，其特征在于，39. The display device according to claim 38, wherein:上述电压电流变换手段(42)由发光元件用晶体管组成，同时，The above-mentioned voltage-current conversion means (42) is composed of transistors for light-emitting elements, and at the same time,用于驱动上述发光元件(40、60)的上述发光元件的晶体管的阈值电压比上述光调制元件(20)的驱动电压大。A threshold voltage of a transistor of the light-emitting element for driving the light-emitting element (40, 60) is higher than a driving voltage of the light-modulating element (20).40.根据权利要求38所述显示装置，其特征在于，40. The display device according to claim 38, wherein:上述电压电流变换手段(42)由发光元件用晶体管组成，同时，The above-mentioned voltage-current conversion means (42) is composed of transistors for light-emitting elements, and at the same time,驱动上述发光元件用晶体管的导通动作区和上述光调制元件(20)用的光调制元件用晶体管(22)的导通动作区，能根据阈值电压进行划分。The conduction operation region of the transistor for driving the light emitting element and the conduction operation region of the light modulation element transistor (22) for the light modulation element (20) can be divided according to the threshold voltage.41.根据权利要求38所述显示装置，其特征在于，41. The display device according to claim 38, wherein:上述光调制元件(20)的特性为正常白。The characteristic of the light modulation element (20) is normally white.42.根据权利要求38所述显示装置，其特征在于，42. The display device according to claim 38, wherein:上述光调制元件(20)由液晶显示元件组成。The light modulation element (20) is composed of a liquid crystal display element.43.根据权利要求42所述显示装置，其特征在于，43. The display device according to claim 42, wherein:还包括具有外部光反射特性的象素电极(25)，并且与该象素电极(25)对向的对向电极(27)设置在第2基板侧(52)的显示区(10)的整个面上，同时，It also includes a pixel electrode (25) with external light reflection characteristics, and the counter electrode (27) facing the pixel electrode (25) is arranged on the entire display area (10) on the second substrate side (52) face, at the same time,由上述光调制元件(20)进行显示时，相对于对向电极(27)的电位而驱动，另一方面，在由上述发光元件(40、60)进行显示时，能相对于基准电极(45)的电位而驱动。When performing display by the above-mentioned light modulation element (20), it can be driven with respect to the potential of the counter electrode (27). ) potential to drive.44.根据权利要求36所述显示装置，其特征在于，44. The display device according to claim 36, wherein:上述发光元件(40)设置在比具有上述外部光反射特性的象素电极(25)更后侧，上述发光元件(40)在朝着前方即显示面侧自行发光时，只能在上述第2显示区(12)上进行显示，在存在上述象素电极(25)的上述第1显示区(11)中光不透过。The above-mentioned light-emitting element (40) is arranged on the rear side of the pixel electrode (25) having the above-mentioned external light reflection characteristic. Display is performed on the display area (12), and light is not transmitted through the first display area (11) where the pixel electrode (25) is present.45.根据权利要求36所述显示装置的驱动方法，其特征在于，45. The method for driving a display device according to claim 36, wherein:将各显示区(10)内的图像信号的单位时间即一个场分割成多个，在每一个分割期间使光调制元件(20)或发光元件(40、60)导通截止。A unit time of an image signal in each display area (10), that is, one field, is divided into a plurality, and a light modulating element (20) or a light emitting element (40, 60) is turned on and off during each divided period.46.根据权利要求45所述显示装置的驱动方法，46. The driving method of the display device according to claim 45,在将前述各显示区内的图象信号的单位时间即一个场分割成多个时，分割成各分割宽度为1∶2¹∶2²∶…∶2ⁿ(n为正整数)的间隔。When one field, which is a unit time of the video signal in each display area, is divided into a plurality of divisions, each division width is 1:^{2 1} :^{2 2} :...:2ⁿ (n is a positive integer).47.一种显示装置，其特征在于，47. A display device, characterized in that,将在第1基板(121)上形成驱动电路(142)的第1基板侧(151)、与在第2基板(129)上形成包括两个发光元件用电极(165、161)在内的发光元件(160)的第2基板侧(152)贴合。The first substrate side (151) on which the driving circuit (142) is formed on the first substrate (121), and the light emitting device including two light emitting element electrodes (165, 161) formed on the second substrate (129) The second substrate side (152) of the element (160) is bonded.48.根据权利要求27所述的显示装置，其特征在于，48. The display device of claim 27, wherein:前述发光元件(160)由有机电致发光元件组成，The aforementioned light-emitting element (160) is composed of an organic electroluminescent element,将形成具有阴极电极(161)的上述有机电致发光元件的第2基板侧(152)与第1基板侧(151)贴合。The second substrate side (152) and the first substrate side (151) on which the organic electroluminescence element having the cathode electrode (161) is formed are bonded together.49.根据权利要求48所述的显示装置，其特征在于，49. The display device according to claim 48, wherein将在前述有机电致发光元件的阴极电极(161)上还形成保护该阴极电极(161)的保护电极(167)的第2基板侧(152)与第1基板侧(151)贴合。Bonding the second substrate side (152) and the first substrate side (151) on the cathode electrode (161) of the organic electroluminescence element to which a protective electrode (167) for protecting the cathode electrode (161) is formed.50.根据权利要求48所述的显示装置，其特征在于，50. The display device of claim 48, wherein:驱动电路电极(125)设置在前述第1基板侧(151)的第2基板侧(152)的接合面上，同时，The driving circuit electrode (125) is provided on the joint surface of the second substrate side (152) of the first substrate side (151) mentioned above, and at the same time,对于第2基板侧(125)，在前述有机电致发光元件的阴极电极(161)上，形成导电性材料的接触层(168)，For the second substrate side (125), on the cathode electrode (161) of the aforementioned organic electroluminescence element, a contact layer (168) of conductive material is formed,上述第1基板侧(151)、第2基板侧(152)与第1基板侧(151)的驱动电路电极(125)、第2基板侧(152)的接触层(168)对向接合。The first substrate side (151) and the second substrate side (152) are oppositely bonded to the drive circuit electrode (125) on the first substrate side (151) and the contact layer (168) on the second substrate side (152).51.根据权利要求48所述的显示装置，其特征在于，51. The display device of claim 48, wherein对于第2基板侧(152)，在光出射侧设置着有机电致发光元件中的透明电极所组成的阳极电极(165)，同时，For the second substrate side (152), an anode electrode (165) composed of transparent electrodes in the organic electroluminescent element is provided on the light exit side, and simultaneously,在上述阳极电极(165)上，还设置着供电用电极(165a)。An electrode (165a) for power supply is also provided on the anode electrode (165).52.一种显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，52. A method of manufacturing a display device, characterized in that,在第1基板(121)上形成驱动电路(142)，在第2基板(129)上两个发光元件用电极(165、161)形成发光元件(160)后，形成了上述驱动电路(142)的第1基板侧(151)与形成了发光元件(160)的第2基板侧(152)贴合。After forming the driving circuit (142) on the first substrate (121), and forming the light emitting element (160) on the second substrate (129) with two light emitting element electrodes (165, 161), the above driving circuit (142) is formed The first substrate side (151) is bonded to the second substrate side (152) on which the light emitting element (160) is formed.53.根据权利要求52所述的显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，53. The method of manufacturing a display device according to claim 52, wherein:前述发光元件(160)由有机电致发光元件组成。The aforementioned light emitting element (160) is composed of an organic electroluminescent element.将形成上述有机电致发光元件的第2基板侧(152)，在直至形成有机电致发光元件中的阴极电极(161)之后，与第1基板侧(151)贴合。The second substrate side (152) on which the organic electroluminescence element is formed is bonded to the first substrate side (151) until the cathode electrode (161) in the organic electroluminescence element is formed.54.根据权利要求53所述的显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，54. The method of manufacturing a display device according to claim 53, wherein:将直至形成前述有机电致发光元件中的阴极电极(161)的第2基板侧(152)，在上述阴极电极(161)上再形成保护该阴极电极(161)的保护电极(167)之后，与第1基板侧(151)贴合。After forming the second substrate side (152) of the cathode electrode (161) in the above-mentioned organic electroluminescent element, on the above-mentioned cathode electrode (161), a protective electrode (167) for protecting the cathode electrode (161) is formed again, It is bonded to the first substrate side (151).55.根据权利要求53所述的显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，55. The method of manufacturing a display device according to claim 53, wherein:驱动电路电极(125)设置在前述第1基板侧(151)的第2基板侧(152)的接合面上，同时，The driving circuit electrode (125) is provided on the joint surface of the second substrate side (152) of the first substrate side (151) mentioned above, and at the same time,将直至形成前述有机电致发光元件中的阴极电极(161)的第2基板侧(152)，在与上述第1基板侧(151)的驱动电路电极(125)的接触面上形成导电性材料的接触层(168)后，与第1基板侧(151)的驱动电路电极(125)接合。The second substrate side (152) until the cathode electrode (161) in the aforementioned organic electroluminescent element is formed, and a conductive material is formed on the contact surface with the driving circuit electrode (125) of the first substrate side (151). After the contact layer (168), it is bonded to the driving circuit electrode (125) on the first substrate side (151).56.根据权利要求53所述的显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，56. The method of manufacturing a display device according to claim 53, wherein:在前述第2基板侧(152)上，在出射侧置有机电致发光元件中的透明电极组成的阳极电极(165)。On the aforementioned second substrate side (152), an anode electrode (165) composed of a transparent electrode in the organic electroluminescence element is placed on the emission side.57.根据权利要求53所述的显示装置的制造方法，其特征在于，57. The method of manufacturing a display device according to claim 53, wherein:在上述阳极电极(165)上一并设置供电用电极(165a)。An electrode (165a) for power supply is provided together with the above-mentioned anode electrode (165).

Images