本发明关于一种电脑硬盘，特别是电脑硬盘的保护方法及保护系统，其为一种利用智能卡的保护系统，以防止可携式电脑的硬盘中所记录的数据被非法窃取。The invention relates to a computer hard disk, especially a protection method and protection system for a computer hard disk. It is a protection system using a smart card to prevent data recorded in the hard disk of a portable computer from being illegally stolen.
近年来，可携式电脑的使用已越来越普及，并且，其设计亦逐渐趋于小型化。为了使用及处理上的方便，大部分可携式电脑使用者均会将数据储存在硬盘上，其中包括许多研究数据或商业机密等重要数据。然而，也由于可携式电脑体积小巧轻便的特性，使得其十分容易遭到偷窃。因此，可携式电脑必须设置有效的数据保护措施，以防止其硬盘内所记录的重要数据被窃取。In recent years, the use of portable computers has become more and more popular, and their designs have gradually tended to be miniaturized. For the convenience of use and processing, most portable computer users will store data on the hard disk, including many important data such as research data or commercial secrets. However, also due to the small size and lightness of the portable computer, it is very easy to be stolen. Therefore, the portable computer must be provided with effective data protection measures to prevent the important data recorded in its hard disk from being stolen.
一般可携式电脑是利用一种开机密码保护程序来防止窃盗者对电脑系统进行数据存取。当电源开启并完成开机自我测试程序后，电脑系统即执行密码保护程序。此程序会要求使用者输入密码，并将输入的密码与预先储存在CMOS存储器中的密码进行比对。如果密码输入正确，才允许使用者存取电脑系统。此外，亦有以智能卡的形式进行电脑开机保护的。Generally, a portable computer utilizes a power-on password protection program to prevent thieves from accessing data on the computer system. When the power is turned on and the POST procedure is completed, the computer system executes the password protection procedure. This program will ask the user to input a password, and compare the input password with the password pre-stored in the CMOS memory. If the password is entered correctly, the user is allowed to access the computer system. In addition, there are also computer power-on protections in the form of smart cards.
然而，上述的保护方式并不能有效保护硬盘数据，只要将硬盘自原电脑系统拆除，并安装至另一个电脑系统中，即可轻易地存取硬盘中的数据，无法真正防止硬盘所储存的数据被窃取。However, the above-mentioned protection methods cannot effectively protect the hard disk data. As long as the hard disk is removed from the original computer system and installed in another computer system, the data in the hard disk can be easily accessed, and the data stored in the hard disk cannot be truly protected. was stolen.
为了解决上述问题，另一种现有保护硬盘数据的方法是将保护程序设置在硬盘中，且密码亦预先储存在硬盘上。若使用者所输入的密码与该硬盘中所储存的密码不同，则硬盘会被锁住，而无法读取数据。由于保护密码被储存在硬盘上，而不是储存在电脑系统的CMOS存储器中，因此，即使将硬盘自原电脑系统拆除，并安装至另一个电脑系统中，仍然需要通过密码测试才可存取该硬盘。In order to solve the above problems, another existing method for protecting hard disk data is to set a protection program in the hard disk, and the password is also pre-stored on the hard disk. If the password entered by the user is different from the password stored in the hard disk, the hard disk will be locked and data cannot be read. Since the protection password is stored on the hard disk, not in the CMOS memory of the computer system, even if the hard disk is removed from the original computer system and installed in another computer system, it is still necessary to pass the password test to access the hard disk.
上述的保护方式虽较为周全，但有心窃取机密数据者仍有可能利用各种方式尝试破解硬盘密码。因此，需要一种更严密的硬盘保护措施，以有效地保护硬盘内的数据。Although the above-mentioned protection methods are relatively comprehensive, those who intend to steal confidential data may still use various methods to try to crack the hard disk password. Therefore, a stricter hard disk protection measure is needed to effectively protect data in the hard disk.
本发明的目的在于提供一种利用智能卡实现保护功能的电脑硬盘的保护方法及保护系统。The object of the present invention is to provide a protection method and protection system for a hard disk of a computer using a smart card to realize the protection function.
为达到上述目的，本发明采取如下技术措施：To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical measures:
本发明的一种电脑硬盘的保护方法，该硬盘装设在一个电脑系统中，该电脑系统可与一个智能卡通信，该保护方法包括下列步骤：A kind of protection method of computer hard disk of the present invention, this hard disk is installed in a computer system, and this computer system can communicate with a smart card, and this protection method comprises the following steps:
在智能卡中预先储存一个第一智能卡密码；Pre-store a first smart card password in the smart card;
自使用者接收一使用者密码；receiving a user password from the user;
该电脑系统以一个第一加密演算法及一个第一加密密钥将使用者密码加密成一个第一加密密码；The computer system uses a first encryption algorithm and a first encryption key to encrypt the user password into a first encryption password;
该硬盘以第一加密演算法及第一加密密钥将第一加密密码解密，作为一个第二硬盘密码；The hard disk uses the first encryption algorithm and the first encryption key to decrypt the first encrypted password, as a second hard disk password;
该硬盘以第一加密演算法及一个第二加密密钥将第二硬盘密码加密成一个第二加密密码；The hard disk encrypts the second hard disk password into a second encrypted password with a first encryption algorithm and a second encryption key;
将该第一及第二加密密码合并，作为一个第二智能卡密码；Combining the first and second encrypted passwords as a second smart card password;
判别第一与第二智能卡密码是否相同；Judging whether the first and second smart card passwords are the same;
依据第一与第二智能卡密码的判别结果，选择性地锁住或开启硬盘。Selectively lock or unlock the hard disk according to the discrimination results of the first and second smart card passwords.
本发明的一种电脑硬盘的保护系统，硬盘装设在一个电脑系统中，该保护系统包括：A kind of protection system of computer hard disk of the present invention, hard disk is installed in a computer system, and this protection system comprises:
一个智能卡，其具有一个智能卡密码储存装置，用于储存一个预先设定的第一智能卡密码；A smart card, which has a smart card password storage device for storing a preset first smart card password;
一个智能卡存取装置，用于使该电脑系统可和该智能卡通信；a smart card access device for enabling the computer system to communicate with the smart card;
加密/解密装置，其可执行以下的加密/解密步骤：在电脑系统中，以一个第一加密演算法及一个第一加密密钥将一个使用者输入的使用者密码加密成一个第一加密密码；在硬盘中，以第一加密演算法及第一加密密钥将第一加密密码解密，作为一个第二硬盘密码；在该硬盘中以第一加密演算法及一个第二加密密钥将第二硬盘密码加密成一个第二加密密码，第二加密密码与第一加密密码合并作为一个第二智能卡密码；An encryption/decryption device capable of performing the following encryption/decryption steps: in the computer system, encrypting a user password input by a user into a first encryption password with a first encryption algorithm and a first encryption key ; In the hard disk, decrypt the first encryption password with the first encryption algorithm and the first encryption key as a second hard disk password; in the hard disk, use the first encryption algorithm and a second encryption key to decrypt the The second hard disk password is encrypted into a second encrypted password, and the second encrypted password is combined with the first encrypted password as a second smart card password;
一个智能卡密码判别装置，用于判别第一与第二智能卡密码是否相同；A smart card password judging device for judging whether the first and second smart card passwords are the same;
一个硬盘锁住/开启控制电路，依据智能卡密码判别装置的判别结果，选择性地锁住或开启硬盘。A hard disk locking/unlocking control circuit selectively locks or unlocks the hard disk according to the judgment result of the smart card password judging device.
结合附图及实施例对本发明的结构特征及方法特征详细说明如下：In conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, structural feature and method feature of the present invention are described in detail as follows:
附图简要说明Brief description of the drawings
图1：本发明硬盘保护系统实施例的电路框图；Fig. 1: the block circuit diagram of the hard disk protection system embodiment of the present invention;
图2：本发明硬盘保护系统初次使用时设定密码的流程图；Fig. 2: the flowchart of password setting when the hard disk protection system of the present invention is used for the first time;
图3：本发明硬盘保护系统的一般操作流程图。Fig. 3: The general operation flowchart of the hard disk protection system of the present invention.
如图1所示，本发明的硬盘保护系统主要包括一个电脑系统10、一个硬盘20及一个智能卡30；电脑系统10内设置有一个加密电路12，是以一个加密演算法对数据进行加密，此外，并设有一个硬盘锁住/开启控制电路14，用于依据密码判别的结果及授权检查的结果，而选择性地锁住或开启硬盘的存取。电脑系统10可通过一个智能卡存取装置40，而与智能卡30通信，并可经由一个输入装置50接收使用者所输入的密码。硬盘20安装在电脑系统10中。一般而言，电脑系统10经由例如IDE接口而存取硬盘20的储存媒体中所记录的数据。硬盘20中设置有：一个硬盘密码储存装置22，用于储存一个预设的硬盘密码；一个硬盘密码判则装置24，用于比较输入密码与预设的硬盘密码是否相同；及一个加密/解密电路26，用于以一个加密演算法对数据进行加密及解密。智能卡30内设有：一个智能卡密码储存装置32，用于储存一个预设的智能卡密码；及一个智能卡密码判别装置34，用于比较输入密码与预设的智能卡密码是否相同。进一步，智能卡30及硬盘20中可分别设置授权检查模组36与28，用于执行智能卡与硬盘之间的授权检查。As shown in Figure 1, hard disk protection system of the present invention mainly comprises a computer system 10, a hard disk 20 and a smart card 30; An encryption circuit 12 is arranged in the computer system 10, is to encrypt data with an encryption algorithm, in addition , and a hard disk lock/unlock control circuit 14 is provided for selectively locking or unlocking the access of the hard disk according to the results of password discrimination and authorization check. The computer system 10 can communicate with the smart card 30 through a smart card access device 40 , and can receive a password input by a user through an input device 50 . The hard disk 20 is installed in the computer system 10 . Generally speaking, the computer system 10 accesses the data recorded in the storage medium of the hard disk 20 via, for example, an IDE interface. The hard disk 20 is provided with: a hard disk password storage device 22 for storing a preset hard disk password; a hard disk password judging device 24 for comparing whether the input password is the same as the preset hard disk password; and an encryption/decryption The circuit 26 is used for encrypting and decrypting data with an encryption algorithm. The smart card 30 is provided with: a smart card password storage device 32 for storing a preset smart card password; and a smart card password judging device 34 for comparing whether the input password is the same as the preset smart card password. Further, the smart card 30 and the hard disk 20 can be respectively provided with authorization checking modules 36 and 28 for performing authorization checking between the smart card and the hard disk.
当使用者第一次使用本发明的硬盘保护系统时，必须先将智能卡30插入智能卡存取装置40，并进行一注册设定的操作，此时会进入如图2所示的设定密码流程。首先，在步骤100，电脑系统10会要求使用者设定密码。当以输入装置50将使用者密码输入至电脑系统10后，在步骤102，加密电路12即以第一加密演算法与第一加密密钥将使用者密码转换成第一加密密码，并传送至硬盘20。接着，在步骤104，硬盘20的加密/解密电路26会将电脑系统10所传送的第一加密密码以反运算解密还原，并储存在硬盘密码储存装置22中，作为第一硬盘密码。此处，第一硬盘密码的值应与使用者所设定的密码值相同。随后，在步骤106中，硬盘20内的加密/解密电路26再以第一加密演算法与第二加密密钥将前述还原的第一硬盘密码加密，转换成第二加密密码。步骤106所产生的第二加密密码，与步骤102的第一加密密码，将在步骤108中予以合并成为第一智能卡密码，并传送至智能卡30，储存在智能卡密码储存装置32中。接着，在步骤110中，智能卡30会将授权检查所需的数据传送至硬盘20。这样，即完成初始的设定动作。When the user uses the hard disk protection system of the present invention for the first time, he must first insert the smart card 30 into the smart card access device 40, and perform a registration and setting operation. At this time, he will enter the password setting process as shown in Figure 2 . First, in step 100, the computer system 10 will require the user to set a password. After inputting the user password into the computer system 10 with the input device 50, in step 102, the encryption circuit 12 converts the user password into a first encryption password using the first encryption algorithm and the first encryption key, and sends the password to the hard drive 20. Next, in step 104 , the encryption/decryption circuit 26 of the hard disk 20 decrypts and restores the first encrypted password transmitted by the computer system 10 through reverse operation, and stores it in the hard disk password storage device 22 as the first hard disk password. Here, the value of the first hard disk password should be the same as the password set by the user. Subsequently, in step 106, the encryption/decryption circuit 26 in the hard disk 20 encrypts the restored first hard disk password with the first encryption algorithm and the second encryption key, and converts it into a second encrypted password. The second encryption password generated in step 106 and the first encryption password in step 102 will be combined into a first smart card password in step 108 and sent to the smart card 30 to be stored in the smart card password storage device 32 . Next, in step 110 , the smart card 30 transmits the data required for the authorization check to the hard disk 20 . In this way, the initial setting operation is completed.
当使用者密码已设定完成后，每当电脑系统10重新启动时，硬盘20均处于锁住的状态。欲开启硬盘20，除了必须输入正确的使用者密码外，还必须插入正确的智能卡30，才能通过密码及智能卡授权的双重检查。After the user password has been set, whenever the computer system 10 is restarted, the hard disk 20 is locked. Want to open hard disk 20, except must input correct user's password, also must insert correct smart card 30, could pass the double check of password and smart card authorization.
以下配合图3说明本发明的硬盘保护系统的工作流程。首先，进行步骤200，电脑系统10会提示使用者输入使用者密码。当电脑系统10自输入装置50接收到密码后，进行步骤202，加密电路12即以第一加密演算法及第一加密密钥将其转换成第一加密密码，并传送到硬盘20。接着，进行步骤204，加密/解密电路26以第一加密演算法及第一加密密钥将第一加密密码解密还原，作为第二硬盘密码：第二硬盘密码与预先储存在硬盘密码储存装置22中的第一硬盘密码在步骤206中均被传送至硬盘密码判别装置24，进行比较。比较的结果，如第一与第二硬盘密码相同，则进入步骤208，以进行后续检查；如第一与第二硬盘密码不同，则显示一个错误信息(步骤218)，并且硬盘20仍处于锁住状态，而无法进行存取。另外，虽未示于图中，显示错误信息的同时，可选择性地回到步骤200，要求使用者重新输入密码，并允许一定预设次数(例如三次)的错误次数，超过一个预设错误次数，则必须重新启动电脑。The working flow of the hard disk protection system of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 3 . First, proceed to step 200, the computer system 10 will prompt the user to input the user password. After the computer system 10 receives the password from the input device 50 , it proceeds to step 202 , where the encryption circuit 12 uses the first encryption algorithm and the first encryption key to convert the password into a first encryption password and transmits it to the hard disk 20 . Next, proceed to step 204, the encryption/decryption circuit 26 uses the first encryption algorithm and the first encryption key to decrypt and restore the first encrypted password as the second hard disk password: the second hard disk password and the pre-stored hard disk password storage device 22 In step 206, the first hard disk passwords in all are sent to the hard disk password judging device 24 for comparison. The result of comparison, if the first and second hard disk passwords are identical, then enter step 208 to carry out follow-up inspection; as the first and second hard disk passwords are different, then an error message (step 218) is displayed, and hard disk 20 is still in the locked state. In the live state, it cannot be accessed. In addition, although not shown in the figure, when an error message is displayed, the user can optionally return to step 200 to require the user to re-enter the password, and allow a certain preset number of times (for example, three) errors, exceeding one preset error times, you must restart the computer.
上述步骤202～206为硬盘密码的检查步骤，以下将继续说明智能卡密码的检查步骤208～214。The above steps 202-206 are the checking steps of the hard disk password, and the following will continue to describe the checking steps 208-214 of the smart card password.
在步骤208中，电脑系统10的加密电路12，以第一加密演算法与第二加密密钥将使用者密码加密，转换成第二加密密码，接着，进行步骤208，所产生的第二加密密码，被传送至电脑系统10，而在步骤210中与步骤202所产生的第一加密密码合并，成为第二智能卡密码，并传送至智能卡30。第二智能卡密码与预先储存在智能卡密码储存装置32中的第一智能卡密码在步骤212中均被传送至智能卡密码判别装置34，进行比较。比较的结果，如第一与第二智能卡密码相同，则进入步骤214，进行后续授权检查动作；如第一与第二智能卡密码不同，则显示错误信息(步骤218)。In step 208, the encryption circuit 12 of the computer system 10 encrypts the user password with the first encryption algorithm and the second encryption key, and converts it into a second encryption password, and then proceeds to step 208, and the generated second encryption The password is sent to the computer system 10 and combined with the first encrypted password generated in step 202 in step 210 to become a second smart card password and sent to the smart card 30 . The second smart card password and the first smart card password pre-stored in the smart card password storage device 32 are both sent to the smart card password judging device 34 in step 212 for comparison. As a result of the comparison, if the first and second smart card passwords are the same, then enter step 214 to perform a subsequent authorization checking action; if the first and second smart card passwords are different, then display an error message (step 218).
最后，进行步骤216的授权检查，如检查结果正确，则硬盘锁住/开启控制电路14将会开启硬盘20的存取；如结果错误则显示错误信息。步骤216的智能卡30与硬盘20间的授权检查，是使用一个第二加密演算法，并通过电脑是10的协助进行。授权检查可采用任何一种现有的方法来完成。Finally, the authorization check in step 216 is performed. If the check result is correct, the hard disk lock/unlock control circuit 14 will enable access to the hard disk 20; if the result is wrong, an error message will be displayed. The authorization check between the smart card 30 and the hard disk 20 in step 216 uses a second encryption algorithm and is carried out with the assistance of the computer 10 . Authorization checks can be done using any of the existing methods.
上述第一加密演算法可使用对称性加密(DES)演算法，第二加密演算法可为不对称性加密(RSA)演算法。对称性加密演算法，使用的加密密钥与解密密钥相同；不对称性加密演算法，加密密钥与解密密钥不同。上述两种均为常用的具有高度安全性的加密演算法。例如，一个56比特的DES密钥具有256种不同的组合，如果1毫秒可尝试一种组合，需要1142年才能试完全部组合。又，如采用RSA-130(约431比特)需要花费更长的时间方能破解。视实际设计的需要，本发明的第一及第二加密演算法也可选用其他种类的演算法。The above-mentioned first encryption algorithm may use a symmetric encryption (DES) algorithm, and the second encryption algorithm may use an asymmetric encryption (RSA) algorithm. Symmetric encryption algorithm uses the same encryption key and decryption key; asymmetric encryption algorithm uses different encryption key and decryption key. Both of the above are commonly used encryption algorithms with high security. For example, a 56-bit DES key has 256 different combinations. If one combination can be tried in 1 millisecond, it takes 1142 years to try all the combinations. Again, if adopt RSA-130 (approximately 431 bits), it will take longer time to crack. Depending on actual design requirements, other types of algorithms can also be selected for the first and second encryption algorithms of the present invention.
一种采用RSA演算法的授权检查方法说明如下。智能卡30的授权检查模组36中记录有一个人专用密钥及一个公用密钥，两者为配对关系，亦即，由公用密钥所加密的数据，只有其对应的个人专用密钥可解开。该公用密钥是于第一次使用本系统的注册设定动时，在步骤110传送至硬盘20，而个人专用密钥仅由智能卡30所保存。当执行授权检查时，硬盘20的授权检查模组28中先以一个乱数产生器产生一个乱数A，并以公开密钥将数A加密，传送至智能卡30。接着，智能卡30以个人专用密钥将其解密成数A’，并传回至硬盘20，进行检查比较。如数A’与数A相等，则表示个人专用密钥与公用密钥的配对无误，授权检查结果正确。以上的授权检查方法仅为举例说明，熟习此项技术者亦可采用其他方法来进行智能卡与硬盘之间的授权检查。An authorization checking method using the RSA algorithm is described as follows. An individual private key and a public key are recorded in the authorization check module 36 of the smart card 30, and the two are in a pairing relationship, that is, only the corresponding personal private key can decrypt the data encrypted by the public key. . The public key is transmitted to the hard disk 20 at step 110 when the system's registration is started for the first time, while the private key is only stored by the smart card 30 . When performing the authorization check, the authorization check module 28 of the hard disk 20 first generates a random number A with a random number generator, encrypts the number A with a public key, and transmits it to the smart card 30 . Then, the smart card 30 decrypts it into the number A' with the personal private key, and sends it back to the hard disk 20 for checking and comparison. If the number A' is equal to the number A, it means that the pairing of the personal private key and the public key is correct, and the result of the authorization check is correct. The authorization check method above is only an example, and those who are familiar with this technology can also use other methods to perform authorization check between the smart card and the hard disk.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:
本发明的硬盘保护系统及方法，可达到现有技术所无法达成的更高度的数据安全性。如果使用本发明的硬盘保护系统的硬盘被窃取，并安装至另一个电脑系统中，则硬盘中所储存的数据并无法被存取。由于本发明的密码是经过电脑系统的加密，窃取硬盘者并无法得知原电脑系统使用何种加密演算法，亦无法得知使用密钥的比特长度，因此，其无法以乱数产生器找出密码。即使硬盘窃取者得到正确的密码，由于没有智能卡，亦不可能通过智能卡与硬盘之间的检查。如果使用本发明的硬盘保护系统的电脑系统及硬盘均被窃取，则硬盘中所储存的数据也无法被存取。即使硬盘窃取者得到正确的密码，由于没有智能卡亦不可能通过智能卡与硬盘之间的检查。本发明可更安全地保护电脑硬盘。The hard disk protection system and method of the present invention can achieve a higher level of data security that cannot be achieved in the prior art. If the hard disk using the hard disk protection system of the present invention is stolen and installed in another computer system, the data stored in the hard disk cannot be accessed. Because the password of the present invention is encrypted by the computer system, the person who steals the hard disk cannot know which encryption algorithm the original computer system uses, nor can he know the bit length of the key used. Therefore, it cannot be found out by a random number generator. password. Even if the hard disk thief obtains the correct password, it is impossible to pass the check between the smart card and the hard disk because there is no smart card. If both the computer system and the hard disk using the hard disk protection system of the present invention are stolen, the data stored in the hard disk cannot be accessed. Even if the hard disk thief obtains the correct password, it is impossible to pass the check between the smart card and the hard disk without the smart card. The invention can protect the computer hard disk more safely.
附带一提，本发明的保护系统亦可视需要而增设数个密码或增加密码的长度，以进一步提高系统的安全性。Incidentally, the protection system of the present invention can also add several passwords or increase the length of the passwords as needed, so as to further improve the security of the system.
上述内容是利用实施例说明本发明的技术特征，并非用于限制本发明的保护范围，即使有人在本发明构思的基础上稍作变动，仍应属于本发明的保护范围内。The above content is to use the embodiment to illustrate the technical characteristics of the present invention, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Even if someone makes a slight change on the basis of the concept of the present invention, it should still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 01109778CN1186732C (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2001-04-20 | Computer Hard Disk Protection Method and Protection System |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 01109778CN1186732C (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2001-04-20 | Computer Hard Disk Protection Method and Protection System |
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| CN1381787Atrue CN1381787A (en) | 2002-11-27 |
| CN1186732C CN1186732C (en) | 2005-01-26 |
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| CN 01109778Expired - Fee RelatedCN1186732C (en) | 2001-04-20 | 2001-04-20 | Computer Hard Disk Protection Method and Protection System |
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