Background technology
For a long time, solve paddy, the insect pest problem of rice in storage, the method for promptly killing insect in paddy and the rice (as grain weevil, ostomatid, lesser grain borer, rice weevil etc.) mainly is hydrogen phosphide (or aluminum phosphate) fumigating system.With this method desinsection, killing and suppress to have certain effect adult or larva.But have following drawback: one, long-term use can make insect develop immunity to drugs and reduce drug effect, and invalid substantially to the worm's ovum in paddy, the rice, in case condition be fit to, but worm's ovum ovumization still, insect pest continues to spread, and can not thoroughly effect a radical cure.Two, to people and animals' toxic side effect, directly influence the security of food, also can cause environmental pollution.Three, the local flavor of rice is descended.Four, the desinsection time is grown (generally needing 7-15 days).
In recent years, the domestic patent disclosure that stored grain microwave desinsection device is arranged adopts such device desinsection that people and animals are had no side effect, and non-environmental-pollution does not influence the security of food yet.But the paddy storage desinsection that this device can only be used for loosing and pile also needs the raw grain warehouse is sealed with anti-microwave leakage, and its working method is a batch (-type), and efficient is lower, and cost is higher.Particularly the penetration power of microwave generally is no more than 10cm (2450MHZ), so, generally can only kill the insect of heap paddy superficial layer that looses, and can not all kill insect and worm's ovum in the whole grain mass, insect and worm's ovum in also being difficult to kill, in the packed rice of lower floor.Especially (process belongs to routine techniques in paddy is processed into the process of rice, the following processing step of general employing: cleaning rice, rice huller paddy, the rough separation of paddy, husk rice, polishing, look choosing, screening etc.), because raw material and environment are brought worm's ovum unavoidably into, in addition in some link of processing (as husk rice, polishing etc.), its temperature higher (more than 30 ℃), relative humidity is big (more than 85%), for growing of insect and worm's ovum provides advantage.If contain worm's ovum, also can in sales process or process of consumption, grow, thereby influence product quality in the finished product rice.Therefore, the growth of control rice process worm's ovum, kill in the finished product rice or warehouse entry before paddy in insect and worm's ovum, the quality that guarantees rice is had great importance.
And, do not appear in the newspapers as yet both at home and abroad at present for the online disinsection method of rice or paddy.Trace it to its cause, the stifling desinsection time is grown (being generally 7～15 days), is difficult to realize online desinsection.The online desinsection of micro-wave oven then or can not thoroughly kill insect and worm's ovum in rice or the paddy rapidly or influences the nutrition and the local flavor of finished product rice.In addition, microwave desinsection is easy to cause that its finished product rice percent cracked rice is higher, rice surface easily cracks, the color and luster of rice easily changes, and also is one of reason.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is, the online disinsection method of microwave of a kind of rice or paddy is provided, adopt this method can thoroughly kill in the insect in rice or the paddy and the grain of rice rapidly or the worm's ovum of grain [killing rate (comprising adult rate and the killing egg rate of killing) can reach 100%], to grain and environmental nonpollution, effectively keep original nutrition of rice and local flavor again.
Technical solution of the present invention is, a kind of rice of following technical process and condition or online disinsection method of microwave of paddy of comprising is provided, be processed on the production line of rice at paddy or in paddy warehouse entry process, increase the microwave treatment operation, promptly set up commercially available continuous microwave stove (as the QW-15H/M type multitube microwave machine that adopts Guangzhou prestige microwave energy Co., Ltd of section to produce, microwave machine claims micro-wave oven traditionally, its microwave output power is adjustable, down together), the temperature that described rice or paddy go out micro-wave oven is 54～68 ℃, and the microwave energy of promptly controlling the unit mass rice is 0.014～0.030kwh/kg (being that the needed power consumption of microwave treatment per kilogram rice is 0.014～0.030 degree).
The above is processed at paddy increases the microwave treatment operation on the production line of rice, preferably behind the polishing process on the production line, commercially available continuous microwave stove is set behind polissoir promptly.Because polishing increases rice moisture, thereby help the hatching of worm's ovum, and carry out microwave treatment after the polishing, then can reduce moisture.
The online disinsection method of this microwave generally is used for the production line that paddy is processed into rice, but also can be applied in the warehouse entry process of paddy, and both microwave desinsection processes and condition are all identical with effect etc.Different only being compare with the online desinsection of rice, during the online desinsection of paddy, because unit weight is less, so the weight that the unit interval handles is littler.
The microwave energy of described control unit mass rice or paddy is 0.014～0.030kwh/kg, can take to coordinate the power output and the relation of handling flow of micro-wave oven, as adopting the power output 10～15kw of micro-wave oven, handle flow 400～900kg/h, be rice or paddy thickness 4～5cm on conveyer belt, width is 45～60cm, processing time 150～600s (processing time refers to that rice or paddy are from entering micro-wave oven to going out the required time of micro-wave oven).
The preferred temperature that described rice or paddy go out micro-wave oven is 56～60 ℃, and the microwave energy of promptly controlling unit mass rice or paddy is 0.015～0.017kwh/kg.
The microwave energy of described control unit mass rice is 0.015～0.17kwh/kg, can adopt the power output 10～15kw of micro-wave oven, handle flow 650～800kg/h, promptly rice or the paddy thickness on conveyer belt is 4.5～5.0cm, width is 45～60cm, processing time 420～500s.
As improvement, can after the microwave treatment operation of rice or paddy, increase refrigerating work procedure, it is that intermediate bin (genus conventional equipment) cools off naturally that described cooling can be adopted surge bunker, its cooling velocity is controlled at 20～40 ℃/h when being cooled to 40 ℃ with rice or the paddy temperature (the present invention is 54～68 ℃) when going out micro-wave oven, and its preferred cooling velocity is 25～35 ℃/h.
The online disinsection method of the microwave of this rice or paddy is compared with storage paddy, the rice disinsection method of prior art, has following remarkable advantage and beneficial effect:
One, because this method is utilized continuous microwave equipment desinsection; unit interval rice or paddy are no more than 6cm by the thickness of microwave equipment on the conveyer belt; microwave penetrates the rice or the paddy of all processing fully, and the insect in rice or the paddy is particularly had quick killing action to the insect and the worm's ovum of rice seed or paddy seed inside.Its desinsection is thorough, not only can kill adult and larva in rice or the paddy, more can kill the worm's ovum of rice seed or paddy seed inside, rice or paddy after this law is handled, and killing rate (containing adult rate and the killing egg rate of killing) reaches 100%.
For the proof insecticidal effect, to cultivate 30～60 days with cultivation, pest density is 0 a/kg rice, contrast is 98 a/kg rice.
Test method:
(rice weevil, saw-toothed grain beetle, lesser grain borer, red flour beetle are tested respectively with that live, healthy and strong examination worm, worm is provided by Zhengzhou Engineering College in examination) 20 accesses fill 100g rice sample (more than-20 ℃ of freezing 48h in the left and right sides, take out then, in whole rice: crack rice=1: 1 ratio preparation examination worm feed Mi Wensheng to 20～25 ℃) Cans (80 ℃ heating 10min) down in.
The rice sample that inserts the examination worm is put into incubator (25 ℃ of temperature, relative humidity 75%) to be cultivated 10 days.
The rice that contains adult and worm's ovum of above-mentioned cultivation is put into valve bag (sealing), and valve bag imbedded on the conveyer belt in the pending rice, and together enter in the micro-wave oven (the QW-15HM type micro-wave oven that prestige microwave energy Co., Ltd of Guangzhou section produces), in certain condition (temperature that goes out micro-wave oven as the control rice is 54～68 ℃) test down. thereupon
After the processing, take out valve bag, after the material cooling, choose the examination worm.
The rice sample is put into the middle cultivation of incubator (25 ℃ of temperature, relative humidity 75%) 30 days.Write down infested density (above do experiment, the paddy result of the test is identical) with rice.
All sterilizations (80 ℃ are heated 10min down) before all utensils (as Cans, mixed worm sieve etc.) use.
Two, because it is 54～68 ℃ that control rice or paddy go out the temperature of micro-wave oven, the microwave energy of promptly controlling unit mass rice or paddy is 0.014～0.030kwh/kg, its microwave action time short (being no more than 8 minutes), so both guaranteed thoroughly to kill fast insect and worm's ovum in rice or the paddy, nutritional labeling and local flavor to rice do not produce destruction again, promptly effectively kept the original nutrition of rice (nutritive index: protein content 7.5～9%, fat content: 0.5～1.1%, total sugar content: 78～85%, 21～23%) and local flavor amylose content:.And preventing that effectively rice from going mouldy, the rice of handling through the method is to people and animals and environment is without any side effects and pollute.Product Safety is good, reaches the operational procedure of pollution-free food fully.
Three, owing to control out cooling velocity behind the micro-wave oven, substantially do not increase the percent cracked rice of (increase is arranged individual example but the amplitude of its increase is very little) finished product rice, do not increase the crackle of rice surface, the color and luster of rice is not changed, kept the specious of rice, and after microwave treatment the rice milling yield of paddy also slightly rise (adopt husk rice technology one, contrast rice milling yield 71.0% is handled back 72.6%).
Four, since this method only be processed on the production line of rice or in paddy warehouse entry process, increase microwave desinsection and refrigerating work procedure at the paddy of routine, its online microwave equipment has dynamic sealing performance and microwave leakage is strict controlled in the scope of international standard permission, do not need other density closure material, and do not increase workload substantially, its desinsection is easy to operate, and the desinsection time is short, and technology is simple, the efficiency height, the desinsection cost is low.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the online disinsection method of the microwave of rice of the present invention or paddy is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited only to following examples.
Embodiment one
Be processed at paddy on the production line of rice, promptly behind the equipment of the cleaning rice → rough separation → husk rice of rice huller paddy → paddy → polishing, increase the surge bunker (intermediate bin) that is used for the nature cooling after QW-15HM multitube micro-wave oven that a continuous microwave stove such as prestige microwave energy Co., Ltd of Guangzhou section produce and are positioned at micro-wave oven.Below the surge bunker of cooling, can fill in colors on a sketch choosing and screening plant.Be that paddy is after the rough separation → husk rice of cleaning → rice huller paddy → paddy → polishing, enter online desinsection treatment process of microwave and refrigerating work procedure, generally also want look choosing and screening after the cooling, sometimes as need not also economizing fade choosing and screening step (the above content of embodiment one is all identical in the embodiment two, three, four, five of the following stated, so following examples no longer repeat).
The temperature that rice goes out micro-wave oven is controlled at 54 ℃, the microwave energy of promptly controlling the unit mass rice is at the 0.020kwh/kg rice, this moment, the power output of micro-wave oven was 15kw, handling flow is that 752kg/h is, rice thickness on conveyer belt is 4.5cm, width is 35cm, and the processing time is about 240s (second).
Rice its cooling velocity when 54 ℃ are cooled to 40 ℃ is 30 ℃/h, and promptly rice stops about 30min at surge bunker after going out micro-wave oven.
The adult death rate 100% was cultivated 30 days with cultivation, and pest density is 0 a/kg rice, and contrast is 102/kg.The kill ratio that is worm's ovum was 100% (down together).
Produce percent cracked rice 8% (contrast 8%), in other words, do not increase percent cracked rice.
Store after 6 months, rice local flavor and rice nutritional labeling do not have significant change.
Be rice sensory evaluation scores (adopting 5 people's point systems, down together): color and luster 8, smell 8, mouthfeel 9, flavour 8, total points 33.Reference examples: rice sensory evaluation scores: color and luster 8, smell 8, mouthfeel 8, flavour 9, overall score 32 (reference examples of all embodiment is identical, below no longer repeat).
[the nutritional labeling detection method: the rice nutritional labeling is materialsed about 210g, adopt near-infrared grain quality analyzer (Perten9100/10, Germany produces) detection rice nutritional labeling, down together]: water content 14.2%, amylose content 22.0%, protein content 8.6%, fat content 0.6%, total sugar content 83.8%.Reference examples: rice nutritional labeling: water content 14.5, amylose content 21.8%, protein content 8.6%, fat content 0.6%, total sugar content 83.8% (reference examples of all embodiment is identical, below no longer repeat).
Embodiment two
The temperature that rice goes out micro-wave oven is controlled at 66 ℃, the microwave energy of promptly controlling the unit mass rice is at the 0.023kwh/kg rice, and this moment, the power output of micro-wave oven was 15kw, and handling flow is that 649kg/h is that rice thickness on conveyer belt is 4cm, width is 51cm, and the processing time is 360s.
Rice cooling velocity when 66 ℃ are cooled to 40 ℃ is 25 ℃/h, and promptly rice stopped 1 hour at surge bunker after going out micro-wave oven.
The adult death rate 100% was cultivated 30 days with cultivation, and pest density is 0 a/kg rice, and contrast is 102 a/kg rice.
Produce percent cracked rice 10% (contrast 8%).
Store that rice local flavor and rice nutritional labeling do not have significant change after 6 months.
Be the rice sensory evaluation scores: color and luster 8, smell 9, mouthfeel 9, total points 34.
Rice nutritional labeling: water content 13.2%, amylose content 21.9%, protein content 8.6%, fat content 0.6%, total sugar content 83.8%.
Embodiment three
The temperature that rice goes out micro-wave oven is controlled at 57 ℃, the microwave energy of promptly controlling the unit mass rice is at the 0.014kwh/kg rice, and this moment, the power output of micro-wave oven was 11.25kw, and handling flow is that 826kg/h is that rice thickness on conveyer belt is 3.3cm, width is 22cm, and the processing time is 120s.
Rice its cooling velocity when 57 ℃ are cooled to 40 ℃ is 35 ℃/h, and promptly rice stops 40min at surge bunker after going out micro-wave oven.
The adult death rate 100% was cultivated 30 days with cultivation, and pest density is 0 a/kg rice, and contrast is 102 a/kg rice.
Produce percent cracked rice 8% (contrast 8%).
Store that rice local flavor and rice nutritional labeling do not have significant change after 6 months.
Be the rice sensory evaluation scores: color and luster 8, smell 8, mouthfeel 8, flavour 8, total points 32.
Rice nutritional labeling: water content 13.8%, amylose content 22%, protein content 8.6%, fat content 0.6%, total sugar content 83.8%.
Embodiment four
The temperature that rice goes out micro-wave oven is controlled at 62 ℃, the microwave energy of promptly controlling the unit mass rice is at the 0.022kwh/kg rice, and this moment, the power output of micro-wave oven was 11.25kw, and handling flow is that 512kg/h is that rice thickness on conveyer belt is 4.5cm, width is 50cm, and the processing time is 600s.
Rice its cooling velocity when 62 ℃ are cooled to 40 ℃ is 25 ℃/h, and promptly rice stopped 54 minutes in surge bunker after going out micro-wave oven.
The adult death rate 100% was cultivated 30 days with cultivation, and pest density is 0 a/kg rice, and contrast is 102 a/kg rice.
Produce percent cracked rice 9% (contrast 8%).
Store that rice local flavor and rice nutritional labeling do not have significant change after 6 months.
Be the rice sensory evaluation scores: color and luster 8, smell 8, mouthfeel 8, flavour 8, total points 32.
Rice nutritional labeling: water content 13.5%, amylose content 22%, protein content 8.6%, fat content 0.6%, total sugar content 83.8%.
Embodiment five
The temperature that rice goes out micro-wave oven is controlled at 60 ℃, the microwave energy of promptly controlling the unit mass rice is at the 0.016kwh/kg rice, and this moment, the power output of micro-wave oven was 11.25kw, and handling flow is that 682kg/h is that rice thickness on conveyer belt is 4cm, width is 30cm, and the processing time is 240s.
Rice its cooling velocity when 60 ℃ are cooled to 40 ℃ is 25 ℃/h, and promptly rice stopped 48 minutes in surge bunker after going out micro-wave oven.
The adult death rate is 100%.Cultivated 30 days with cultivation, pest density is 0 a/kg rice, and contrast is 102 a/kg rice.
Produce percent cracked rice 10% (contrast 8%).
Store that rice local flavor and rice nutritional labeling do not have significant change after 6 months.
Be the rice sensory evaluation scores: color and luster 8, smell 8, mouthfeel 8, flavour 8, total points 32.
Rice nutritional labeling: water content 12.9%, amylose content 22%, protein content 8.6%, fat content 0.6%, total sugar content 83.8%.
Embodiment six
Paddy is (before promptly depositing the warehouse in) in the warehouse entry process, increases the QW-15HM multitube micro-wave oven that an online micro-wave oven such as prestige microwave energy Co., Ltd of Guangzhou section produce on conveyer belt.The temperature that paddy goes out micro-wave oven is controlled at 55 ℃, and the microwave energy of promptly controlling unit mass paddy is at 0.019kwh/kg, and this moment, the power output of microwave machine was 13.13kw, handling flow is that 702kg/h is, paddy thickness on conveyer belt is 4.2cm, and width is 60cm, and the processing time is about 411s.
The adult death rate is 100%.Cultivated 30 days with cultivation, pest density is 0 a/kg paddy, and contrast is 115 a/kg paddy.
After later on paddy being processed into rice, the percent cracked rice of its rice is 11%.
Store that rice local flavor and rice nutritional labeling do not have significant change after 6 months.
Be the rice sensory evaluation scores: color and luster 8, smell 9, mouthfeel 8, flavour 9, total points 34.
Rice nutritional labeling: water content 13.6%, amylose content 22%, protein content 8.6%, fat content 0.6%, total sugar content 83.8%.