CN1327545A - Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

Translated fromChinese

采用用面板驱动时的液晶层的配向状态的不同,选择性地反射向黑色显示部分入射的背光源光,进行导光以在白色显示部分内进行循环的办法,实现峰值辉度。

Peak luminance is realized by selectively reflecting the backlight light incident on the black display part and guiding the light to circulate in the white display part according to the difference in the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer when the panel is driven.

Description

Translated fromChinese

液晶面板和液晶显示装置Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display device

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及液晶显示装置的高辉度化，特别是涉及可以实现峰值辉度的液晶面板和液晶显示装置。The present invention relates to enhancement of luminance of liquid crystal display devices, and in particular, to a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving peak luminance.

背景技术Background technique

作为液晶显示装置的高辉度化的手法，大家知道在液晶面板与背光源之间叠层薄膜的手法。例如在背光源与液晶面板之间可以使用聚光薄膜(例如D-BEF，3M公司生产)或偏振光选择反射薄膜(例如D-BEF，3M公司生产)。另一方面，在CRT的情况下，存在着这样的峰值辉度现象：为了仅仅向画面上边的白色显示部分照射电子束，白色显示部分越小，单位时间的电子射线的照射强度就越增加，因而白色辉度就越提高。As a technique for increasing the brightness of a liquid crystal display device, a technique of laminating a film between a liquid crystal panel and a backlight is known. For example, a light concentrating film (such as D-BEF, produced by 3M Company) or a polarized light selective reflection film (such as D-BEF, produced by 3M Company) can be used between the backlight source and the liquid crystal panel. On the other hand, in the case of CRT, there is such a peak luminance phenomenon that in order to irradiate electron beams only to the white display part on the screen, the smaller the white display part is, the more the irradiation intensity of electron beams per unit time increases. Therefore, the white luminance is further improved.

然而，使用上述薄膜的手法，对于白色辉度的提高虽然是有效的，但是对于黑色显示背光源的光完全被液晶面板的偏振片吸收。因此白色辉度的值与画面的显示无关系地变成为恒定，结果是在液晶显示装置中提供上述峰值辉度是困难的。However, the method of using the above-mentioned film is effective in improving white luminance, but the light of the backlight is completely absorbed by the polarizing plate of the liquid crystal panel for black display. Therefore, the value of the white luminance becomes constant irrespective of the display on the screen, and as a result, it is difficult to provide the above-mentioned peak luminance in the liquid crystal display device.

发明的公开disclosure of invention

本发明鉴于上述各个问题，目的是提供可以实现峰值辉度的液晶面板和液晶显示装置。The present invention has been made in view of the problems described above, and an object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal panel and a liquid crystal display device capable of realizing peak luminance.

为了实现上述目的，本发明，在液晶层的两侧具有偏振层的液晶面板中，其特征是：位于观察者一侧的偏振层，由借助于偏振状态而选择性地分离反射和透过的第1偏振层和偏振度比该第1偏振层还高的第2偏振层构成。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention, in the liquid crystal panel with polarizing layers on both sides of the liquid crystal layer, is characterized in that: the polarizing layer on the observer side is composed of a polarizing layer that selectively separates reflection and transmission by means of a polarization state. A first polarizing layer and a second polarizing layer having a degree of polarization higher than that of the first polarizing layer are constituted.

如上述构成那样，由于如果具有偏振度比第1偏振层还高的第2偏振层，则可以进一步隔断多余的光，故可以提高对比度。As in the above configuration, since the second polarizing layer having a higher degree of polarization than the first polarizing layer can further block excess light, the contrast can be improved.

此外，第1方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：位于与观察者相反一侧的偏振层，由借助于偏振状态而选择性地分离反射和透过的第1偏振层和偏振度比该第1偏振层还高的第2偏振层构成。In addition, the liquid crystal panel according to the first aspect is characterized in that: the polarizing layer located on the side opposite to the observer is composed of a first polarizing layer that selectively separates reflection and transmission by means of a polarization state and a polarization ratio of the The second polarizing layer is higher than the first polarizing layer.

如果是上述构成，由于可以使光圆滑地进行循环，故可以进一步发挥峰值辉度的实现效果。According to the above configuration, since light can be circulated smoothly, the effect of realizing peak luminance can be further exhibited.

第1方面或第2方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述第2偏振层是吸收型的偏振层。The liquid crystal panel according toclaim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the second polarizing layer is an absorbing polarizing layer.

如果是上述构成，则可以容易地实现第1或第2方面所述的效果。According to the above configuration, the effect described in the first or second aspect can be easily achieved.

第2方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：位于上述观察者一侧的偏振层反射与位于上述与观察者相反一侧的偏振层的透过光同一偏振状态的光，通过偏振状态与上述透过光不同的光。The liquid crystal panel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the polarizing layer on the side of the observer reflects light having the same polarization state as the light transmitted by the polarizing layer on the opposite side to the observer, and passes through the Through light different light.

采用作成为这样的构成的办法，结果变成为黑色显示部分的光不向表面出射，而白色显示部分的光向表面出射。With such a configuration, as a result, the light of the black display portion does not exit to the surface, but the light of the white display portion exits to the surface.

第1或第2方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：把上述第2偏振层配置在上述第1偏振层上边。In the liquid crystal panel according toclaim 1 or 2, the second polarizing layer is disposed on the first polarizing layer.

第1或第2方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述第1偏振层和上述第2偏振层设置在位于观察者一侧的基板的内部一侧。The liquid crystal panel according toclaim 1 or 2, wherein the first polarizing layer and the second polarizing layer are provided on the inner side of the substrate on the viewer side.

借助于这样的构成，可以发挥可以把单元形成得薄的优点。With such a configuration, there is an advantage that the cell can be formed thin.

第8或第9方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：在位于观察者一侧的基板上具有滤色片位于观察者一侧的基板的上述第1偏振层被配置在滤色片的液晶层一侧。The liquid crystal panel according to the eighth or ninth aspect is characterized in that: the first polarizing layer having a color filter on the observer side substrate is disposed on the liquid crystal of the color filter layer side.

如果是这样的构成，则在黑色显示部分中光不会被滤色层吸收。With such a configuration, light is not absorbed by the color filter layer in the black display portion.

第8或第9方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：在位于与观察者相反一侧的基板上具有滤色片，位于与观察者相反一侧的基板的上述第1偏振层被配置在滤色片的基板一侧。The liquid crystal panel according to the eighth or ninth aspect is characterized in that: a color filter is provided on the substrate on the opposite side to the observer, and the first polarizing layer is arranged on the substrate on the opposite side to the observer. The substrate side of the color filter.

第1或第2方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述第1偏振层由尼科尔棱镜、散射器件(理想的是具有各向异性)、折射率不同的多层膜(理想的是具有各向异性)或全息器件构成。The liquid crystal panel described in the first or second aspect is characterized in that: the above-mentioned first polarizing layer is made of a Nicol prism, a scattering device (ideally has anisotropy), and a multilayer film with different refractive indices (ideally Anisotropic) or holographic devices.

这些元器件可以发挥对于光的偏振具有选择性的作用。These components can act selectively with respect to the polarization of light.

第1或第2方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述第1偏振层是反射左右中的不论哪一方的圆偏振光的构造，理想的是，上述第1偏振层的折射率分布具有螺旋构造，更为理想的是，上述螺旋构造由胆甾醇液晶或聚合物构成。The liquid crystal panel according toclaim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the above-mentioned first polarizing layer has a structure reflecting circularly polarized light of either of the left and right, and preferably, the refractive index distribution of the above-mentioned first polarizing layer has The helical structure, more preferably, the helical structure is made of cholesteric liquid crystal or polymer.

另外，如果折射率分布具有螺旋构造，则可以利用选择波长特性圆滑地进行光的透过和反射。In addition, if the refractive index distribution has a helical structure, the transmission and reflection of light can be performed smoothly by utilizing the wavelength selective characteristic.

第26或第27方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：配置有用来使圆偏振光变换成线性偏振光的相位差层。The liquid crystal panel according to claim 26 or 27 is characterized in that a retardation layer for converting circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light is provided.

第1或第2方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：液晶层被构成为使得与上述液晶层垂直地进行传播的光的相位变化在黑色显示时大体上变成为0。The liquid crystal panel according toclaim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the liquid crystal layer is configured such that the phase change of light propagating perpendicularly to the liquid crystal layer becomes substantially zero during black display.

若在液晶层中不象这样地进行相位变化，则结果将变成为在黑色显示部分中光确实地被反射。If the phase change is not performed in this way in the liquid crystal layer, the result is that light is surely reflected in the black display portion.

第34或35方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述液晶层在不加电压时液晶具有垂直配向的垂直配向模式，或者上述液晶层在不加电压时液晶具有均匀配向，可以用与基板平行的横向电场驱动的横向电场模式。The liquid crystal panel according to the 34th or 35th aspect is characterized in that: the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer has a vertical alignment mode in which the liquid crystals are vertically aligned when no voltage is applied, or the liquid crystals of the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer have uniform alignment when no voltage is applied, and can be used on the substrate Transverse electric field modes driven by parallel transverse electric fields.

如果是上述构成，则在黑色显示时透过液晶层的光不会进行偏振变换。According to the above configuration, the light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer does not undergo polarization conversion during black display.

第1或第2方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：液晶层被构成为使得与上述液晶层垂直地进行传播的光的相位变化，在黑色显示时变成为最小。The liquid crystal panel according toclaim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the liquid crystal layer is configured such that the phase change of light propagating perpendicularly to the liquid crystal layer is minimized during black display.

第40或41方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述液晶层是扭曲向列模式，混合配向模式或OCB模式。The liquid crystal panel according toclaim 40 or 41 is characterized in that: the liquid crystal layer is in twisted nematic mode, hybrid alignment mode or OCB mode.

在具有液晶面板，可以进行暗显示和明显示的液晶显示装置中，其特征是：采用用导光机构把向上述暗显示部分入射的光导入上述明显示部分的办法，把向上述暗显示部分入射的光的至少一部分用于上述明显示部分。In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal panel capable of dark display and bright display, it is characterized in that: the light incident to the above-mentioned dark display part is introduced into the above-mentioned bright display part by a light guide mechanism, and the light incident to the above-mentioned dark display part At least a part of the incident light is used for the above-mentioned bright display portion.

在具有液晶面板，可以进行暗显示和明显示的液晶显示装置中，其特征是：采用用导光机构把向上述暗显示部分入射的光的一部分导入上述明显示部分的办法，使得暗显示部分对明显示部分的相对显示面积变得越大，则上述明显示部分的辉度就越高。In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal panel that can perform dark display and bright display, it is characterized in that: a part of light incident to the above-mentioned dark display part is introduced into the above-mentioned bright display part by a light guide mechanism, so that the dark display part The larger the relative display area to the bright display portion, the higher the luminance of the bright display portion.

在具有液晶面板，可以进行暗显示和明显示的液晶显示装置中，其特征是：采用用导光机构把向上述暗显示部分入射的光的一部分导入上述明显示部分的办法，使得暗显示部分的辉度等级越接近黑色，则上述明显示部分的辉度就越高。In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal panel that can perform dark display and bright display, it is characterized in that: a part of light incident to the above-mentioned dark display part is introduced into the above-mentioned bright display part by a light guide mechanism, so that the dark display part The closer the luminance level is to black, the higher the luminance of the bright display part.

其特征是：具有背光源部分、在象素中具有反射部分和透过部分的液晶面板，用导光机构把被上述反射部分反射的背光源光和从上述透过部分向背光源一侧透过的外光导入明显示部分It is characterized in that: a liquid crystal panel with a backlight part, a reflection part and a transmission part in the pixel, and a light guide mechanism to transmit the backlight light reflected by the reflection part and the backlight from the transmission part to the backlight side The external light is introduced into the bright display part

第51方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述象素具有凹凸构造，上述透过部分被形成为含有凹凸构造的平坦的部位。The liquid crystal panel according to claim 51, wherein the pixel has a concavo-convex structure, and the transmissive portion is formed as a flat portion including the concavo-convex structure.

如果是这样的构成，则可以保持反射特性不变地提高开口面积。With such a configuration, the opening area can be increased while maintaining the reflection characteristics.

第51方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述背光源部分采用时分的办法进行RGB发光。The liquid crystal panel according to claim 51 is characterized in that: the backlight part adopts a time-division method to emit RGB light.

如果是这样的构成，则可以提高透过时的辉度。According to such a structure, the luminance at the time of transmission can be improved.

第48～51方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述导光机构由第1或第2方面所述的液晶面板和配置为与上述液晶面板的与观察者相反一侧邻接的导光体构成The liquid crystal panel according to claims 48 to 51, wherein the light guide means is composed of the liquid crystal panel described inclaim 1 or 2 and a light guide arranged adjacent to the side of the liquid crystal panel opposite to the viewer. constitute

第54～61方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是具备：在观察者一侧具备具有扩散层的导光体的背光源部分和在上述扩散层观察者一侧的上述导光体。The liquid crystal panel according to claims 54 to 61 is characterized by comprising: a backlight portion having a light guide having a diffusion layer on the viewer's side, and the light guide on the viewer's side of the diffusion layer.

第54～61方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述导光体透过背光源光，上述液晶面板的反射光的至少一部分在内部进行传播。The liquid crystal panels according to claims 54 to 61 are characterized in that the light guide transmits backlight light, and at least part of the light reflected by the liquid crystal panel propagates inside.

第70～77方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述导光体的构造是使折射率不同的层斜向地进行叠层。The liquid crystal panels according to claims 70 to 77 are characterized in that the light guide has a structure in which layers with different refractive indices are stacked obliquely.

第70～77方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述导光体的构造是在背光源一侧的面上形成非对称形状的沟。The liquid crystal panel according to claims 70 to 77 is characterized in that the structure of the light guide is formed by forming asymmetric grooves on the backlight side surface.

具有驱动部分的第48～51方面所述的液晶显示装置，其特征是：上述驱动部分，在帧期间内进行恒定期间插入黑色显示的驱动。The liquid crystal display device according to any one of claims 48 to 51 having a driving section is characterized in that the driving section performs driving for displaying a black display during a constant period within a frame period.

如果是上述构成，则在抑制白色显示部分的辉度的降低的同时，降低图象的拖尾现象，提高应答速度。According to the above configuration, the smearing phenomenon of the image can be reduced while suppressing the reduction of the luminance of the white display portion, and the response speed can be improved.

具有驱动部分的第48～51方面所述的液晶显示装置，其特征是：设置有多重反射防止装置。The liquid crystal display device according to claims 48 to 51 having a driving section is characterized in that a multiple reflection preventing means is provided.

如果是这样的构成，由于可以防止起因于在液晶面板内双折射残留的多重反射，故可以防止在黑色部分中的光泄露，提高对比度。According to such a configuration, since multiple reflections caused by residual birefringence in the liquid crystal panel can be prevented, light leakage in black portions can be prevented and contrast can be improved.

第51方面所述的液晶显示装置，其特征是：上述背光源是侧光式背光源。A liquid crystal display device according to claim 51, wherein the backlight is an edge-light type backlight.

如果是这样的构成，由于易于反射被反射过来的偏振光，故可以圆滑地对光进行再利用。With such a configuration, since the reflected polarized light is easily reflected, the light can be reused smoothly.

具有液晶面板的液晶显示装置，其特征是：采用把借助于导光机构，入射到液晶层上的光变换成用彼此不同的光路长度透过上述液晶层的光的办法，使具有多个相位的光向同一方向出射。A liquid crystal display device with a liquid crystal panel is characterized in that: by means of a light guide mechanism, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer is converted into light that passes through the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer with different optical path lengths, so that there are multiple phases. light emitted in the same direction.

第103方面所述的液晶面板，其特征是：上述导光机构由液晶层和取决于偏振状态选择性地进行分离反射和透过的偏振层构成。The liquid crystal panel according toclaim 103, wherein the light guiding means is composed of a liquid crystal layer and a polarizing layer selectively separating reflection and transmission depending on the polarization state.

附图的简单说明A brief description of the drawings

图1(a)～(c)是从实施形态1到3的液晶面板的剖面图。1(a) to (c) are sectional views of liquid crystal panels according toEmbodiments 1 to 3. FIG.

图2是用来说明实施形态2的液晶面板的显示原理的说明图。Fig. 2 is an explanatory view for explaining the display principle of the liquid crystal panel of the second embodiment.

图3是用来说明峰值辉度的显示原理的说明图。FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the principle of displaying peak luminance.

图4是用来说明实施形态8的液晶面板的显示原理的说明图。Fig. 4 is an explanatory view for explaining the display principle of the liquid crystal panel of the eighth embodiment.

图5是实施形态1的液晶显示装置的剖面图。Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment.

图6是实施形态1的液晶显示装置的剖面图。Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment.

图7的曲线图示出了显示面积比率与峰值辉度之间的关系。FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the display area ratio and peak luminance.

图9(a)、(b)的说明图示出了与实施形态6对应的具体例1的液晶显示装置的导光体的例子。9( a ) and ( b ) are explanatory diagrams showing an example of the light guide body of the liquid crystal display device of the concrete example 1 corresponding to the sixth embodiment.

图10是与实施形态6对应的具体例2的液晶显示装置的说明图。Fig. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a liquid crystal display device of a specific example 2 corresponding to the sixth embodiment.

图11的曲线图示出了液晶配向方位与峰值辉度之间的关系。FIG. 11 is a graph showing the relationship between liquid crystal alignment orientation and peak luminance.

图12是与实施形态8对应的具体例的液晶显示装置的剖面图。Fig. 12 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device of a specific example corresponding to the eighth embodiment.

图13是与实施形态8对应的具体例的液晶显示装置的剖面图。Fig. 13 is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal display device of a specific example corresponding to the eighth embodiment.

图14的平面图示出了象素的凹凸构造。Fig. 14 is a plan view showing the concavo-convex structure of pixels.

优选实施形态preferred implementation form

(发明的概要)(summary of the invention)

本发明的液晶面板，具有反射向暗显示部分入射的光，透过向明显示部分入射的光的功能。为此，本发明的液晶面板，其特征是：具有液晶层，在上述液晶层的观看一侧(图1(a))或在两侧具有作为第1偏振层的偏振光选择反射层303(图1(b))。或者，在液晶层的观看一侧具有滤色层305的情况下，在液晶层304与滤色层305之间具有偏振光选择反射层303(图1(c))。这时，在偏振光选择反射层303的观看一侧，具有作为第2偏振层的吸收式偏振层301。如上所述，若使用吸收式偏振层301，则可以吸收透过偏振光选择反射层303的光之中具有在显示中不使用的多余的偏振光的光从而提高对比度。另外，在图1中，300是玻璃基板，302是相向基板。The liquid crystal panel of the present invention has a function of reflecting light incident on a dark display portion and transmitting light incident on a bright display portion. For this reason, the liquid crystal panel of the present invention is characterized in that: have liquid crystal layer, have the polarized light selective reflection layer 303 ( Figure 1(b)). Alternatively, when the color filter layer 305 is provided on the viewing side of the liquid crystal layer, the polarization selective reflection layer 303 is provided between the liquid crystal layer 304 and the color filter layer 305 ( FIG. 1( c )). In this case, on the viewing side of the polarized light selective reflection layer 303, there is an absorbing polarizing layer 301 as a second polarizing layer. As described above, if the absorbing polarizing layer 301 is used, among the light passing through the polarized light selective reflection layer 303 , the light having excess polarized light that is not used for display can be absorbed to improve the contrast. In addition, in FIG. 1 , 300 is a glass substrate, and 302 is a counter substrate.

其次，图2示出了在上述构成中可以选择性地反射或透过向液晶层入射的光的原理。另外，在图2中，400是玻璃基板，403是相向基板。Next, FIG. 2 shows the principle that light incident on the liquid crystal layer can be selectively reflected or transmitted in the above configuration. In addition, in FIG. 2 , 400 is a glass substrate, and 403 is a counter substrate.

偏振光选择反射层A402，透过背光源光407、412之内线性偏振光的P波反射S波。此外，偏振光选择反射层B405同样地具有在入射光之内反射P波透过S波的特性。液晶层406使用在黑色显示部分415中透过光的相位不变化，在白色显示部分416中进行PS变换的液晶层。例如，液晶层406可以使用垂直地在液晶层内传播的光的相位变化在黑色显示时大体上变成为0的液晶层。此外，作成为这样的构成：吸收式偏振层A401透过P波，吸收式偏振层B405透过S波。The polarized light selective reflection layer A402 transmits the P wave of the linearly polarized light in thebacklight light 407 and 412 and reflects the S wave. In addition, the polarized light selective reflection layer B405 also has the characteristic of reflecting P waves and transmitting S waves within incident light. Theliquid crystal layer 406 uses a liquid crystal layer that does not change the phase of transmitted light in theblack display portion 415 and undergoes PS conversion in thewhite display portion 416 . For example, theliquid crystal layer 406 may use a liquid crystal layer in which the phase change of light propagating vertically in the liquid crystal layer becomes substantially 0 at the time of black display. In addition, the configuration is such that the absorptive polarizing layer A401 transmits P waves, and the absorptive polarizing layer B405 transmits S waves.

在入射到黑色显示部分415上的背光源光407之内，在偏振光选择反射层A401中S波401被反射，P波408透过。P波408还透过吸收式偏振层A401，向液晶层406入射。这时，由于透过后的S波被吸收式偏振层A401吸收，故P波向液晶层406入射。入射进来的P波408向观看一侧的偏振光选择反射层B404入射而不被液晶层406进行调制。因此，光不会从面板出射，因而可以得到黑色显示。反射后的P波409，同样地作为P波透过吸收式偏振层A402和偏振光选择反射层A401，变成为P波411向背光源一侧出射。此外，若在观看一侧配置吸收式偏振层B405，则例如即便是P波的一部分透过偏振光选择反射层B405，由于透过后的P波也会被吸收式偏振层B405吸收，故仍可以得到黑色显示。In thebacklight light 407 incident on theblack display portion 415, theS wave 401 is reflected in the polarization selective reflection layer A401, and theP wave 408 is transmitted. TheP wave 408 also passes through the absorbing polarizing layer A401 and enters theliquid crystal layer 406 . At this time, since the transmitted S wave is absorbed by the absorbing polarizing layer A401 , the P wave enters theliquid crystal layer 406 . Theincoming P wave 408 is incident on the polarization selective reflection layer B404 on the viewing side without being modulated by theliquid crystal layer 406 . Therefore, light does not exit from the panel, so black display can be obtained. The reflectedP wave 409 similarly passes through the absorbing polarizing layer A402 and the polarized light selective reflection layer A401 as a P wave, and is output as aP wave 411 toward the backlight. In addition, if the absorptive polarizing layer B405 is arranged on the viewing side, for example, even if part of the P wave passes through the polarized light selective reflection layer B405, the transmitted P wave will also be absorbed by the absorptive polarizing layer B405, so it is still possible. to get a black display.

这时，偏振光选择反射层可以使用对于光的偏振具有选择性的反射层。例如，可以使用尼科尔棱镜、介电多层膜或全息器件。它们都可以选择性地透过或反射P波和S波。此外在偏振的选择性上也可以具有方位各向异性。例如，对于垂直地入射到偏振光选择反射层上的光和斜向入射的光选择性的程度也可以不同。例如，在个人数字助理等中，在观看范围限于正面的情况下，在从偏振光选择反射层的法线方向算起的极角20度以内的范围内，也可以得到高的偏振光选择性。此外，也可以根据从背光源向液晶面板入射的光的角度分布设计偏振光选择反射层的各向异性。In this case, as the polarized light selective reflection layer, a reflection layer selective to the polarization of light can be used. For example, Nicol prisms, dielectric multilayer films, or holographic devices can be used. They both selectively transmit or reflect P and S waves. In addition, it may have azimuthal anisotropy in polarization selectivity. For example, the degree of selectivity may be different for light normally incident on the polarized selective reflective layer than for obliquely incident light. For example, in personal digital assistants, etc., when the viewing range is limited to the front, high polarization selectivity can also be obtained within a polar angle of 20 degrees from the normal direction of the polarization selective reflective layer. . In addition, the anisotropy of the polarized light selective reflection layer can also be designed according to the angular distribution of light incident on the liquid crystal panel from the backlight.

此外，也可以使用散射器件。例如，由液晶和聚合物之间的复合体构成的散射器件，由于在折射率的匹配方面具有方位各向异性，故可以选择性地散射、透过P波和S波。In addition, scattering devices may also be used. For example, a scattering device composed of a composite between liquid crystal and polymer can selectively scatter and transmit P-wave and S-wave due to its azimuthal anisotropy in refractive index matching.

此外，偏振光选择层也可以使用反射左右任何一方的圆偏振光的层。例如也可以使用在层内折射率分布具有螺旋构造的偏振光选择层。具体地说，也可以用胆甾醇液晶或聚合物形成螺旋构造。In addition, as the polarization selection layer, a layer that reflects either left or right circularly polarized light may be used. For example, it is also possible to use a polarization selective layer in which the refractive index distribution in the layer has a helical structure. Specifically, cholesteric liquid crystals or polymers can also be used to form a helical structure.

另一方面，入射到白色显示部分416上的背光源光412，在同样地变成为P波418入射到液晶层406上之后，在液晶层406中进行PS变换413后变成为S波417，作为S波414透过偏振光选择反射层B404和吸收式偏振层B405。为此，可以得到白色显示。On the other hand, thebacklight light 412 incident on thewhite display portion 416 is similarly transformed into aP wave 418 and incident on theliquid crystal layer 406, undergoesPS conversion 413 in theliquid crystal layer 406, and becomes anS wave 417. , as theS wave 414 passes through the polarized light selective reflection layer B404 and the absorbing polarizing layer B405. For this reason, a white display can be obtained.

这时，液晶层406对向偏振光选择反射层B404入射的光的偏振状态进行控制，兼备实现反射·透过的选择性的功能和进行显示的功能。In this case, theliquid crystal layer 406 controls the polarization state of light incident on the polarization selective reflection layer B404, and has both the function of realizing selective reflection and transmission and the function of displaying.

此外，在观看一侧使用吸收式滤色层的情况下，若在液晶层406与滤色层之间设置偏振光选择反射层B404，则在黑色显示部分415中，光不被滤色层吸收，在偏振光选择反射层B404中，大体上全光量被反射到背光源一侧。In addition, in the case of using an absorbing color filter layer on the viewing side, if the polarized light selective reflection layer B404 is provided between theliquid crystal layer 406 and the color filter layer, in theblack display portion 415, the light is not absorbed by the color filter layer. , in the polarized light selective reflection layer B404, substantially the entire amount of light is reflected to the backlight side.

作为面板的驱动方法，也可以使用在帧期间内恒定期间插入黑色显示的驱动方法。就象液晶显示器那样，在保持型的显示器件中当在帧期间内插入黑色显示时，则具有表现出降低图象的拖尾现象，提高应答速度的效果。但是，在现有技术中，存在着因插入黑色显示使实质的辉度降低的课题。另一方面，在本发明构成的情况下，在象素的黑色显示时，由于入射到象素上的光可以向白色显示部分传播，故即便是使用进行上述黑色显示的插入，也可以得到白色显示的辉度不降低的效果。As a driving method of the panel, a driving method of inserting black display for a constant period within a frame period may be used. Just like a liquid crystal display, when a black display is inserted in a frame period in a hold-type display device, it has the effect of reducing the smearing of the image and improving the response speed. However, in the prior art, there is a problem that the actual luminance is lowered due to the insertion of the black display. On the other hand, in the case of the constitution of the present invention, when the black display of the pixel is performed, since the light incident on the pixel can propagate to the white display part, even if the above-mentioned black display is used, the white display can be obtained. The effect of not reducing the brightness of the display.

本发明的第1液晶显示装置，采用用导光机构把向暗显示部分的液晶层入射的光导入明显示部分的液晶层的办法，使向暗显示部分入射的光循环用于明显示部分中，来实现峰值辉度。In the first liquid crystal display device of the present invention, the light incident to the liquid crystal layer of the dark display part is guided into the liquid crystal layer of the bright display part by a light guide mechanism, and the light incident to the dark display part is recycled for use in the bright display part. , to achieve peak luminance.

首先，用图3说明实现峰值辉度的显示原理。First, the display principle for realizing peak luminance will be described with reference to FIG. 3 .

图3(a)示出了在画面上边存在着黑白显示时，入射到黑色显示部分上的背光源光，在导光体700等中循环向白色显示部分入射的原理。FIG. 3( a ) shows the principle that when there is a black and white display on the screen, the backlight light incident on the black display part circulates through thelight guide 700 and enters the white display part.

在导光体700上边叠层具有透过偏振光的P波并反射S波的偏振光选择反射层A700和具有上下基板与液晶层716的液晶面板，再在上基板702的上表面叠层透过偏振光的S波反射P波的偏振光选择反射层B703。On thelight guide 700, a polarized light selective reflection layer A700 which transmits the P wave of polarized light and reflects the S wave and a liquid crystal panel with the upper and lower substrates and theliquid crystal layer 716 are stacked, and then a transparent layer is stacked on the upper surface of theupper substrate 702. The S wave of the overpolarized light reflects the polarized light of the P wave to the selective reflection layer B703.

此外，液晶层713使用这样的液晶层：在黑色显示时通过光的偏振状态不改变，在白色显示时具有使偏振光进行PS变换712的配向。In addition, theliquid crystal layer 713 uses a liquid crystal layer that does not change the polarization state of passing light at the time of black display, and has an alignment that PS transforms 712 polarized light at the time of white display.

这时，透过了偏振光选择反射层A700的P波705，即便是透过黑色显示部分707的液晶层也会保持P波。因此，P波705，被上表面的偏振光选择反射层B704反射，变成为反射光710，在再次透过了偏振光选择反射层B704后，变成为传播光在导光体700内进行传播。在来自导光体700的出射光之内再次向黑色显示部分707入射的光，出于上边所说的理由，再次在导光体700内进行循环。At this time, theP wave 705 transmitted through the polarization selective reflection layer A700 remains the P wave even if it passes through the liquid crystal layer of theblack display portion 707 . Therefore, theP wave 705 is reflected by the polarized light selective reflection layer B704 on the upper surface to becomereflected light 710, and after passing through the polarized light selective reflection layer B704 again, it becomes propagating light and travels in thelight guide 700. spread. The light re-entering theblack display portion 707 among the emitted light from thelight guide 700 is circulated again in thelight guide 700 for the reason described above.

另一方面，出射到白色显示部分708上的光，在液晶层716中进行PS变换712，变成为S波706后向偏振光选择反射层B704入射。这时，由于S波将透过偏振光选择反射层B704，故将变成为出射光A714。采用使用上述构成的办法，入射到黑色显示部分上的光，就可以不向观察者一侧出射，在导光体700中进行传播，从白色显示部分出射。为此，白色显示部分的显示面积越小，则显示辉度就越高，因而将发生峰值辉度。On the other hand, the light emitted to thewhite display portion 708 undergoesPS conversion 712 in theliquid crystal layer 716, becomes anS wave 706, and enters the polarization selective reflection layer B704. At this time, since the S wave passes through the polarized light selective reflection layer B704, it becomes outgoing light A714. With the above configuration, the light incident on the black display part can propagate through thelight guide 700 without being emitted toward the viewer, and then exit from the white display part. For this reason, the smaller the display area of the white display portion, the higher the display luminance, and thus peak luminance will occur.

图3(b)示出了在画面上边存在着中间色调显示部分709的情况下，入射光进行光循环的原理。在中间色调显示的情况下，在通过了液晶层716的那一时刻，光具有椭圆偏振光717。这时，椭圆偏振光的S波706的分量，变成为出射光出射，进行中间色调显示。此外椭圆偏振光717的剩下的P波分量变成为反射光710向导光体700一侧反射。该反射光710在导光体中进行传播(传播光711)，在白色显示部分708中进行PS变换712，变成为出射光A714后出射。FIG. 3( b ) shows the principle of light circulation of incident light when there is ahalftone display portion 709 on the screen. In the case of halftone display, the light has elliptically polarized light 717 at the moment of passing through theliquid crystal layer 716 . At this time, the S-wave 706 component of the elliptically polarized light is emitted as outgoing light, and halftone display is performed. In addition, the remaining P-wave component of the ellipticallypolarized light 717 is reflected on thelight guide 700 side as reflectedlight 710 . This reflected light 710 propagates through the light guide (propagating light 711 ), undergoesPS conversion 712 in thewhite display portion 708 , becomes output light A714 , and is emitted.

根据上述原理，即便是在进行中间色调显示时也可以进行光循环，发现峰值辉度。According to the above-mentioned principle, it is possible to carry out light circulation and find the peak luminance even in the case of half-tone display.

当透过黑色显示部分的先进行偏振变换后，光从黑色显示部分出射，使对比度低。特别是在液晶层中循环光进行多重反射的情况下，这将发生色调变化，降低观看性。因此，液晶层理想的是在黑色显示时透过液晶层的光不进行偏振变换的液晶层，具体地说，可以使用在不加电压时液晶具有各向异性配向的显示模式，或具有均匀配向，可以用与基板平行的横向电场驱动的横向电场模式等。此外，在90度扭曲向列模式的情况下，理想的是在常态白色显示模式下使用，使得在黑色显示时偏振变换大体上变成为0。此外，作为液晶层，也可以使用混合配向或OCB模式。特别是OCB模式，由于应答速度快到几个ms，故进行上述的黑色插入的驱动是有效的。When the polarization conversion is performed first through the black display part, the light is emitted from the black display part, so that the contrast is low. Especially in the case of multiple reflections by recycling light in the liquid crystal layer, this will cause a change in color tone and reduce visibility. Therefore, the liquid crystal layer is ideally a liquid crystal layer in which the light passing through the liquid crystal layer does not undergo polarization conversion during black display. Specifically, a display mode in which the liquid crystal has anisotropic alignment when no voltage is applied, or has a uniform alignment , a transverse electric field mode driven by a transverse electric field parallel to the substrate, etc. can be used. Furthermore, in the case of the 90-degree twisted nematic mode, it is desirable to use it in the normal white display mode so that the polarization conversion becomes substantially 0 at the time of black display. In addition, as the liquid crystal layer, hybrid alignment or OCB mode can also be used. In particular, in the OCB mode, since the response speed is as fast as several ms, it is effective to perform the driving of the above-mentioned black insertion.

采用使用上述构成的办法，在可以使用液晶层的偏振状态进行显示的同时，还可以借助于上表面一侧的偏振光选择反射层B的偏振选择进行光循环。By using the above configuration, while display can be performed using the polarization state of the liquid crystal layer, light recycling can also be performed by polarization selection of the polarized light selective reflection layer B on the upper surface side.

作为液晶面板，还可以使用透过型和半透过型的面板。As the liquid crystal panel, transmissive and semi-transmissive panels can also be used.

白色显示部分的峰值辉度，由黑色显示或中间色调显示部分进行光循环的光量决定。因此，在画面中黑色显示部分越多，则白色显示部分的峰值辉度就越高。此外，中间色调显示部分的辉度越接近黑色等级，在中间色调显示部分中的向观看方向出射的出射光就越少，作为结果向白色显示部分进行光循环的光量就越增加。因此，中间色调显示部分的辉度等级越接近黑色等级，而白色显示部分的辉度等级越接近于白色，则峰值辉度就越增加。The peak luminance of the white display part is determined by the amount of light recirculated by the black display or halftone display part. Therefore, the more black display parts there are in the screen, the higher the peak luminance of white display parts will be. In addition, the closer the luminance of the halftone display part is to the black level, the less light is emitted in the viewing direction from the halftone display part, and as a result, the amount of light circulating to the white display part increases. Therefore, the closer the luminance level of the halftone display part is to the black level and the closer the luminance level of the white display part is to white, the more the peak luminance increases.

在图3中，偏振光选择反射层B704，是外加到上基板703上的。另一方面，在滤色片内装到上基板703上的情况下，在滤色片中的吸收光不能进行光循环。为此，偏振光选择反射层B704还必须内装到滤色层上。In FIG. 3 , the polarized light selective reflection layer B704 is externally added to theupper substrate 703 . On the other hand, in the case where the color filter is built-in to theupper substrate 703, the light absorbed in the color filter cannot be light-recycled. For this reason, the polarized light selective reflection layer B704 must also be built into the color filter layer.

本发明的第2个液晶显示装置的特征是：采用借助于导光机构把入射到液晶层上的光变换成以彼此不同的光路长度透过上述液晶层的光的办法，使具有多个相位的光向同一方向出射。这时，导光机构的特征是由液晶层和偏振光选择反射层构成。借助于本构成，透过液晶层的光的偏振状态被平均化，可以抑制辉度反转的发生。图4是原理图。在中间色调显示时，存在着一次透过液晶层的出射光A1209和在上下的偏振光选择反射层中反射后出射的出射光B1210。这是因为在中间色调显示时，由于在整个液晶层中混合存在S波和P波，在偏振光选择反射层的情况下将以一定的比率发生透过光和反射光的缘故。这时，出射光B1210在液晶层1208中的光路长度，变成为出射光A1209的2倍。因此，在观看时，结果就变成为出射光A1209和出射光B1210被平均化，因而特别是可以得到降低辉度等级反转的效果。另外，1200是玻璃基板，1201是偏振光选择反射层A，1202是吸收式偏振层A，1203和1204是透明电极，1205是相向基板，1206是偏振光选择反射层B，1207是吸收式偏振层B，1208是液晶层。The second liquid crystal display device of the present invention is characterized in that: the light incident on the liquid crystal layer is converted into light passing through the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer with different optical path lengths by means of a light guide mechanism, so that there are multiple phases. light emitted in the same direction. In this case, the light guiding mechanism is characterized by being composed of a liquid crystal layer and a polarized light selective reflection layer. According to this configuration, the polarization state of light transmitted through the liquid crystal layer is averaged, and the occurrence of luminance inversion can be suppressed. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram. In halftone display, there are outgoing light A1209 which passes through the liquid crystal layer once, and outgoing light B1210 which is reflected by the upper and lower polarized light selective reflection layers and then emitted. This is because the S wave and the P wave are mixed in the entire liquid crystal layer during halftone display, and the transmitted light and the reflected light are generated at a constant ratio in the case of the polarized light selective reflection layer. At this time, the optical path length of the outgoing light B1210 in theliquid crystal layer 1208 is twice that of the outgoing light A1209. Therefore, when viewed, the output light A1209 and the output light B1210 are averaged, and therefore, the effect of reducing the inversion of the luminance level can be obtained particularly. In addition, 1200 is a glass substrate, 1201 is a polarized light selective reflection layer A, 1202 is an absorbing polarizing layer A, 1203 and 1204 are transparent electrodes, 1205 is an opposite substrate, 1206 is a polarized light selective reflection layer B, and 1207 is an absorbing polarizing layer Layer B, 1208 is the liquid crystal layer.

其次，以下说明具体的形态。Next, a specific form will be described below.

(实施形态1)(Embodiment 1)

[液晶显示装置的构成和动作原理][Configuration and operation principle of liquid crystal display device]

图1(a)是本发明的实施形态1的液晶面板的剖面图。Fig. 1(a) is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel according toEmbodiment 1 of the present invention.

在相向基板302上边具有偏振光选择反射层303。这时，根据上述图1所示的原理，可以得到取决于液晶层406的显示状态，在黑色显示时把被偏振光选择反射层303反射的光向背光源一侧反射，在白色显示时使之透过的液晶面板。A polarized light selective reflection layer 303 is provided on the opposing substrate 302 . At this time, according to the above-mentioned principle shown in FIG. 1 , depending on the display state of theliquid crystal layer 406, the light reflected by the polarized light selective reflection layer 303 is reflected to the backlight side during black display, and is made through the LCD panel.

(实施形态2)(Embodiment 2)

[液晶显示装置的构成和动作][Configuration and operation of liquid crystal display device]

图1(b)示出了本发明的实施形态2的液晶面板的剖面图。Fig. 1(b) shows a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

在液晶层304的两侧具有偏振光选择反射层303。这时，根据上述图1所示的原理，取决于液晶层406的显示状态，使得在黑色显示时把被偏振光选择反射层B404反射的光向背光源一侧反射，在白色显示时使之透过的同时，用偏振光选择反射层A401反射来自背光源407的光之内的S波成为可能。为此，可以得到使几乎所有的背光源光变成为反射光或透过光成为可能而无须用一连串的光路吸收背光源光的液晶面板。There are polarized light selective reflection layers 303 on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 304 . At this time, according to the above-mentioned principle shown in FIG. 1 , depending on the display state of theliquid crystal layer 406, the light reflected by the polarized light selective reflection layer B404 is reflected toward the backlight side during black display, and is made transparent during white display. At the same time, it becomes possible to reflect the S wave within the light from thebacklight 407 with the polarized light selective reflection layer A401. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal panel in which almost all of the backlight light becomes reflected light or transmitted light without using a series of optical paths to absorb the backlight light.

[其它的事项][other matters]

(1)在本例中，偏振光选择反射层A402虽然作成为透过P波反射S波的偏振光选择反射层，但是它也可以是反射S波透过P波的偏振光选择反射层。那时，同样把偏振光选择反射层B404作成为反射P波透过S波的偏振光选择反射层。(1) In this example, the polarized light selective reflection layer A402 is made as a polarized light selective reflection layer that transmits P waves and reflects S waves, but it may also be a polarized light selective reflection layer that reflects S waves and transmits P waves. At that time, the polarization selective reflection layer B404 is also made as a polarization selective reflection layer that reflects the P wave and transmits the S wave.

(2)偏振光选择反射层也可以对于左右的圆偏振光具有选择性。例如偏振光选择反射层A401可以使用反射右圆偏振光，透过左圆偏振光的偏振光选择反射层，偏振光选择反射层B404也可以使用反射左圆偏振光，透过右圆偏振光的偏振光选择反射层。在该情况下，即便是用各自的偏振光选择反射层使左右的选择性逆转过来也可以得到同样的效果。(2) The polarized light selective reflection layer may have selectivity for left and right circularly polarized light. For example, the polarized light selective reflective layer A401 can use a polarized light selective reflective layer that reflects right circularly polarized light and transmits left circularly polarized light, and the polarized light selective reflective layer B404 can also use a polarized light selective reflective layer that reflects left circularly polarized light and transmits right circularly polarized light. A polarized light selective reflective layer. In this case, the same effect can be obtained even if the left and right selectivity is reversed using separate polarized light selective reflection layers.

(实施形态3)(Embodiment 3)

[液晶显示装置的构成和动作原理][Configuration and operation principle of liquid crystal display device]

图1(c)是本发明的实施形态3的液晶面板的剖面图。Fig. 1(c) is a cross-sectional view of a liquid crystal panel according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

在相向基板302上具有滤色层305，在与液晶层304之间具有偏振光选择反射层303。作为滤色层，可以使用颜料分散型或染料型滤色层。采用在滤色层305和液晶层之间设置偏振光选择反射层303的办法，在黑色显示时就可以向背光源一侧反射背光源光而无须用滤色层305进行吸收。A color filter layer 305 is provided on the opposite substrate 302 , and a polarized light selective reflection layer 303 is provided between the liquid crystal layer 304 . As the color filter layer, a pigment dispersion type or dye type color filter layer can be used. By adopting the method of disposing the polarized light selective reflection layer 303 between the color filter layer 305 and the liquid crystal layer, the backlight light can be reflected to the backlight side without absorption by the color filter layer 305 during black display.

(实施形态4)(Embodiment 4)

[液晶显示装置的构成和动作原理][Configuration and operation principle of liquid crystal display device]

在实施形态1的液晶面板中，液晶层使用在黑色显示时透过光的偏振状态的变化几乎为0，在白色显示时具有使偏振光进行PS变化的配向的液晶层。具体地说，液晶层可以使用液晶具有负的介电各向异性，在不加电压时具有垂直配向的液晶层。在液晶层具有垂直配向的情况下，在液晶层内在基板间方向上行进的光不受相位调制。因此，例如以P波的状态入射到液晶层上的光可以保持P波的原状不变地向相向基板的偏振光选择反射层入射，根据图2所示的原理选择性地发生反射和透过光。这时，可以得到取决于液晶层的显示状态，在黑色显示时把被偏振光选择反射层反射的光向背光源一侧反射，在白色显示时就使之透过的液晶面板。In the liquid crystal panel according toEmbodiment 1, the liquid crystal layer has almost zero change in the polarization state of transmitted light during black display and has an alignment for changing the polarization of polarized light during white display. Specifically, as the liquid crystal layer, a liquid crystal layer having negative dielectric anisotropy and vertical alignment when no voltage is applied can be used. In the case where the liquid crystal layer has a homeotropic alignment, light traveling in the inter-substrate direction within the liquid crystal layer is not phase modulated. Therefore, for example, the light incident on the liquid crystal layer in the state of P wave can be incident to the polarized light selective reflection layer of the opposite substrate without changing the original state of P wave, and can be selectively reflected and transmitted according to the principle shown in FIG. 2 Light. In this case, depending on the display state of the liquid crystal layer, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal panel that reflects light reflected by the polarized light selective reflection layer toward the backlight side during black display, and transmits it through during white display.

[其它的事项][other matters]

(1)液晶层，除上述以外，也可以使用在不加电压时液晶具有均匀配向的横向电场模式的配向的液晶层。由于横向电场模式，在液晶层内在基板间方向上行进的光也不受相位调制，故可以得到同样的效果。(1) Liquid crystal layer. In addition to the above, a liquid crystal layer having a transverse electric field mode alignment in which liquid crystals are uniformly aligned when no voltage is applied can also be used. Light traveling in the direction between the substrates in the liquid crystal layer is also not phase-modulated due to the transverse electric field mode, so that the same effect can be obtained.

(2)偏振光选择反射层含有观看一侧的基板，可以配置在液晶层的单侧或两侧。出于与实施形态3同样的原理，也可以设置滤色层。(2) The polarized light selective reflection layer includes a substrate on the viewing side, and may be arranged on one side or both sides of the liquid crystal layer. Based on the same principle as in the third embodiment, a color filter layer may also be provided.

(实施形态5)(Embodiment 5)

[液晶显示装置的构成和动作原理][Configuration and operation principle of liquid crystal display device]

在实施形态1的液晶面板中，液晶层使用在黑色显示时通过光的偏振状态的变化变成为最小，在白色显示时偏振光具有进行PS变换的配向的液晶层。具体地说，液晶层可以使用扭曲向列模式、混合模式和具有弯曲配向的OCB模式等的液晶层。这些液晶层采用借助于电压施加使液晶从基板开始向上升起的办法变成为黑色显示，这时虽然在液晶层内在基板间方向上通过的光的相位变化不是0，但是却变成为最小。若相位变化变成为最小，则结果就变成为例如以P波的状态入射到液晶层上的光的大部分保持P波向相向基板一侧的偏振光选择反射层入射，出于上边所说的理由，可以得到背光源光的大部分变成为通过光或反射光而不会被吸收的液晶面板。In the liquid crystal panel ofEmbodiment 1, the liquid crystal layer is used for the liquid crystal layer in which the change in the polarization state of passing light is minimized during black display, and the polarized light has PS-transformed alignment during white display. Specifically, as the liquid crystal layer, liquid crystal layers of a twisted nematic mode, a mixed mode, an OCB mode with bend alignment, and the like can be used. These liquid crystal layers are turned into a black display by means of voltage application to make the liquid crystal rise upward from the substrate. At this time, although the phase change of the light passing in the direction between the substrates in the liquid crystal layer is not zero, it becomes the minimum. . If the phase change is minimized, the result is that, for example, most of the light incident on the liquid crystal layer in the state of P wave keeps the P wave incident on the polarized light selective reflection layer on the opposite substrate side. For the above reasons, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal panel in which most of the light from the backlight is passed through or reflected without being absorbed.

(实施形态6)(Embodiment 6)

[液晶显示装置的构成][Configuration of liquid crystal display device]

图5是本发明的实施形态6的透过型的液晶显示装置的剖面图。为了简化起见省略了背光源。在把液晶层106夹持在上下基板之间的液晶面板的下侧，叠层上扩散层100、导光体101、偏振光选择反射层A102，偏振光选择反射层B105则叠层到上侧。另外，在图5中，103是下基板，104是上基板。Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a transmissive liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention. The backlight is omitted for simplicity. On the lower side of the liquid crystal panel sandwiching theliquid crystal layer 106 between the upper and lower substrates, theupper diffusion layer 100, thelight guide 101, and the polarized light selective reflection layer A102 are stacked, and the polarized light selective reflection layer B105 is stacked on the upper side. . In addition, in FIG. 5 , 103 is a lower substrate, and 104 is an upper substrate.

[液晶显示装置的动作原理][Operation principle of liquid crystal display device]

在来自背光源的入射光107之内，P波108分量通过偏振光选择反射层A102，S波109分量则被反射。反射后的光在扩散层100中进行扩散变成为自然光，在导光体101内传播。此外，入射到黑色显示部分112上的P波108的光，由于在液晶层内不受偏振变换，故被偏振光选择反射层B105反射，同样地在导光体101内进行传播。In the incident light 107 from the backlight, theP wave 108 component passes through the polarized light selective reflection layer A102, and theS wave 109 component is reflected. The reflected light is diffused in thediffusion layer 100 to become natural light, which propagates in thelight guide 101 . In addition, since the light of theP wave 108 incident on theblack display portion 112 is not subjected to polarization conversion in the liquid crystal layer, it is reflected by the polarization selective reflection layer B105 and similarly propagates in thelight guide 101 .

在黑色显示部分112中，在导光体内传播的光之内，由扩散111形成的自然光的P波分量在再次依次入射到液晶层106上之后，被偏振光选择反射层B105反射，再次在导光体101内传播。In theblack display part 112, within the light propagating in the light guide body, the P wave component of the natural light formed by thediffusion 111 is incident on theliquid crystal layer 106 in sequence again, is reflected by the polarized light selective reflection layer B105, and passes through the light guide again. The light propagates inside thebody 101 .

此外，在白色显示部分113中，入射到液晶层106上的P波108的光，由于进行PS变化110而变成为S波109，故可以透过偏振光选择反射层B105进行观看。为此，在白色显示部分113中可以在显示中使用入射到黑色显示部分112上的光，因而发生峰值辉度。In addition, in thewhite display portion 113, the light of theP wave 108 incident on theliquid crystal layer 106 undergoes aPS change 110 to become anS wave 109, so it can be viewed through the polarization selective reflection layer B105. For this reason, the light incident on theblack display portion 112 can be used in display in thewhite display portion 113 , whereby peak luminance occurs.

[其它的事项][other matters]

(1)作为偏振光选择反射层，可以使用除选择反射本身为线性偏振光的P波和S波之外，还选择反射左右的圆偏振光的选择反射层。此外，偏振光选择反射层，也可以使用把吸收式的偏振层叠层到进行偏振光选择的层上的偏振光选择反射层。这时，采用在偏振光选择反射层上边使用吸收式偏振层的办法，就可以进行光循环。此外，即便是用偏振光选择反射层进行的选择性不充分，由于在吸收式偏振层中非被选的偏振光被吸收，故可以没有黑色漂浮物实现高对比度。(1) As the polarized light selective reflection layer, a selective reflection layer which selectively reflects left and right circularly polarized light in addition to P wave and S wave which are linearly polarized light can be used. In addition, as the polarization selective reflection layer, a polarization selective reflection layer in which an absorbing polarizing layer is laminated on a polarization-selective layer can also be used. At this time, light recycling can be performed by using an absorbing polarizing layer on top of a polarized light selective reflection layer. Furthermore, even if the selectivity by the polarized light selective reflection layer is not sufficient, since non-selected polarized light is absorbed in the absorbing polarizing layer, high contrast can be realized without black floaters.

(2)在图5中，作为液晶层，使用的是在不加电压时具有垂直配向，借助于加上电压配向方位倾斜45度进行白色显示的显示模式。垂直配向的液晶层，对于与基板垂直地进行传播的光不进行双折射，不能进行偏振变换。这时，如果使偏振光的选择性在上下垂直相交，则在不加电压时可以得到黑色显示。(2) In FIG. 5, as the liquid crystal layer, a display mode is used that has a vertical alignment when no voltage is applied, and performs white display by applying a voltage to align the azimuth at 45 degrees. The vertically aligned liquid crystal layer does not undergo birefringence for light propagating perpendicularly to the substrate, and cannot perform polarization conversion. At this time, if the selectivity of the polarized light is vertically intersected, a black display can be obtained when no voltage is applied.

(3)背光源可以使用侧光型和正下型中的不论哪一种都行。(3) As a backlight, either side-light type or direct-light type can be used.

图6示出了在使用侧光型的背光源的情况下的剖面图。采用把扩散层夹持在中间使主要在光循环中使用的导光体和背光源的导光体彼此邻接的办法，就可以效率良好地进行光循环。采用在导光体之间设置扩散层的办法，可以向液晶面板实质上入射面发光的扩散光，因而会提高面内辉度的均一性。FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view in the case of using an edge-light type backlight. Light recycling can be performed efficiently by sandwiching the diffusion layer so that the light guide mainly used for light recycling and the light guide of the backlight are adjacent to each other. By providing a diffusion layer between the light guides, the diffused light emitted from the surface can be substantially incident on the liquid crystal panel, thereby improving the uniformity of in-plane luminance.

此外，在导光体中的光损耗极其之少，通常在1％以下。为此，若使用具有主要传播循环光作用的导光体，则传播光不会衰减，是有效的。In addition, the light loss in the light guide is extremely small, usually below 1%. For this reason, it is effective to use a light guide having a function of mainly propagating and recirculating light, so that propagating light does not attenuate.

若设置光循环的导光体，则还具有以下的效果。一般地说，在背光源的导光体上设置有用来使背光源光均一地向面板背面照射的凹凸构造。为此，如果背光源的导光体兼做循环光的导光机构，则循环光被背面的凹凸构造散射，从背面跑掉，循环的效率降低。出于以上的理由，采用使用以循环光的传播为主要目的的导光体的办法，就可以效率良好地实现光循环。If a light-recycling light guide is provided, the following effects are also obtained. Generally, the light guide body of the backlight is provided with a concavo-convex structure for uniformly irradiating the light from the backlight to the back surface of the panel. For this reason, if the light guide body of the backlight doubles as a light guide mechanism for circulating light, the circulating light will be scattered by the concave-convex structure on the back and escape from the back, reducing the efficiency of circulation. For the above reasons, light recycling can be realized efficiently by using a light guide whose main purpose is to circulate light.

(4)作为液晶显示装置的具体的应用，例如，可以在液晶电视、液晶监视器、个人数字助理和移动电话等中使用。(4) As specific applications of liquid crystal display devices, for example, they can be used in liquid crystal televisions, liquid crystal monitors, personal digital assistants, mobile phones, and the like.

[与实施形态6对应的具体例1][Concrete Example 1 Corresponding to Embodiment 6]

用图6说明与实施形态6对应的具体例1。另外，在图6中，205是下基板，206是上基板，211是入射光A，212是出射光A，213是入射光B，214是出射光B，215是黑色显示部分，216是白色显示部分。A specific example 1 corresponding to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 6 . 6, 205 is the lower substrate, 206 is the upper substrate, 211 is the incident light A, 212 is the outgoing light A, 213 is the incident light B, 214 is the outgoing light B, 215 is the black display part, 216 is the white display section.

在与灯泡210邻接配置的丙烯制导光体A200上边，作为扩散层201配置扩散薄片，再叠层导光体B202。其次，把选择反射P波的偏振光选择反射层A203叠层到导光体B202上边。作为偏振光选择反射层，可以使用由有机或无机的多层膜或胆甾醇液晶聚合物构成的薄膜。其次，把吸收式偏振片A204配置为使得透过P波。如果使用吸收式偏振片A，则即便是用偏振光选择反射层进行的偏振光选择性不充分，从背光源一侧入射的偏振光也会完全地变成为P波。夹持在上下基板间的液晶层209，在不加电压时液晶具有垂直配向。为此，液晶层209不加电压时不产生偏振变换，在加上电压时液晶倾斜，偏振光从P波变换成S波。在上基板206上边，叠层上选择反射P波透过S波的偏振光选择反射层B207和吸收式偏振片B208。这时，要把吸收式偏振片B208配置为使得透过S波。此外，虽然图中未画出来，在上下基板的内侧形成透明电极层，驱动液晶层。On the acrylic light guide body A200 arranged adjacent to thelight bulb 210, a diffusion sheet is placed as thediffusion layer 201, and the light guide body B202 is laminated. Next, a polarized light selective reflection layer A203 that selectively reflects P waves is laminated on the light guide body B202. As the polarized light selective reflection layer, an organic or inorganic multilayer film or a thin film made of a cholesteric liquid crystal polymer can be used. Next, the absorbing polarizer A204 is configured so as to transmit P waves. When the absorbing polarizer A is used, even if the polarization selectivity by the polarization selective reflection layer is not sufficient, the polarized light incident from the backlight side becomes completely P wave. Theliquid crystal layer 209 sandwiched between the upper and lower substrates has a vertical alignment when no voltage is applied. For this reason, when no voltage is applied to theliquid crystal layer 209, no polarization conversion occurs, and when a voltage is applied, the liquid crystal tilts, and the polarized light is converted from P wave to S wave. On theupper substrate 206, a polarization selective reflection layer B207 for selectively reflecting P waves and transmitting S waves and an absorbing polarizer B208 are stacked. At this time, the absorbing polarizer B208 is arranged so as to transmit the S wave. In addition, although not shown in the figure, transparent electrode layers are formed inside the upper and lower substrates to drive the liquid crystal layer.

在画面上边通过边界进行黑白显示，观察伴随着黑色显示部分的面积增加白色显示部分的辉度增加的峰值辉度。Black-and-white display is performed on the upper side of the screen through the border, and the peak luminance of the white display portion increases as the area of the black display portion increases.

在画面中央显示白色窗口，改变黑白显示的面积比率进行显示时的面积比率与白色显示部分的辉度的关系，示于图7。这时，伴随着黑色显示的面积比率的增加白色显示部分的辉度指数函数性地增加。特别是在面积比率达到80％以上时峰值辉度大增，实现了从1500nit到2000nit。A white window is displayed in the center of the screen, and the area ratio of the black and white display is changed to display the relationship between the area ratio and the luminance of the white display portion, as shown in FIG. 7 . At this time, the luminance index of the white display portion increases functionally with an increase in the area ratio of the black display. Especially when the area ratio reaches more than 80%, the peak luminance increases greatly, realizing from 1500nit to 2000nit.

其次，图8示出了把黑色显示的面积比率固定为90％，使相当于黑色显示部分面积的部位从黑向白进行辉度等级显示，研究辉度等级与峰值辉度的关系的结果。这时，白色显示部分变成为透过率100％的显示。暗显示部分的透过率上升，越接近白色，峰值辉度就越降低。这是因为除去暗显示的辉度等级显示所需要的光以外，都进行循环，因而透过率越上升循环光的绝对值就越减少，峰值辉度降低的缘故。Next, FIG. 8 shows the result of studying the relationship between the brightness level and the peak brightness by fixing the area ratio of the black display at 90%, and displaying the gradation of the area corresponding to the area of the black display portion from black to white. At this time, the white display portion becomes a display with a transmittance of 100%. The transmittance of the dark display portion increases, and the peak luminance decreases as it approaches white. This is because all light is circulated except the light required for luminance gradation display of dark display, so as the transmittance increases, the absolute value of the circulated light decreases, and the peak luminance decreases.

作为液晶层，除去上述的垂直配向之外，还可以使用均匀配向的常态黑色的横向电场显示模式或STN模式以及90度扭曲等的TN模式等。As the liquid crystal layer, in addition to the above-mentioned vertical alignment, a uniformly aligned normally black lateral electric field display mode, an STN mode, and a TN mode such as a 90-degree twist can be used.

采用使用扩散层201的办法，可以把灯泡210的光用做扩散光源，提高面内均一性。By adopting the method of using thediffusion layer 201, the light from thebulb 210 can be used as a diffusion light source to improve the in-plane uniformity.

作为导光体B，例如，如图9(a)所示，使用倾斜地形成了折射率彼此不同的层A1300和层B1301的导光体。这时，采用使背光源光1302透过导光体，循环光1303在层的界面上全反射的办法，再次从上表面一侧出射。出射出来的光，取决于液晶层的显示状态，适时地向观看一侧出射或作为循环光被相向基板的偏振光选择反射层反射。采用反复进行本过程的办法，就可以使入射到暗显示部分中的光，一直到明显示部分为止，在明显示部分内进行传播。As the light guide B, for example, as shown in FIG. 9( a ), a light guide in which a layer A1300 and a layer B1301 having different refractive indices are formed obliquely is used. At this time, thebacklight light 1302 is transmitted through the light guide, and the circulating light 1303 is totally reflected at the interface of the layers, and then emitted from the upper surface side again. The emitted light, depending on the display state of the liquid crystal layer, is timely emitted to the viewing side or reflected by the polarized light selective reflection layer of the opposite substrate as recycled light. By repeating this process, the light incident on the dark display portion can be propagated in the bright display portion up to the bright display portion.

此外，如图9(b)所示，采用在导光体B的下表面上设置沟的办法，就可以把在内部传播的传播光遏制在沟内或使之出射。这时，若在下表面一侧设置沟，则具有使得产生遏制在导光体内部的光(循环光1307)的效果。遏制光，例如，可以采用用设置在沟的下表面一侧的扩散层等依次改变传播方向的办法，使得从上表面一侧出射成为可能。In addition, as shown in FIG. 9(b), by providing grooves on the lower surface of the light guide body B, the propagating light propagating inside can be contained in the grooves or emitted. At this time, if the groove is provided on the lower surface side, there is an effect of confining the light inside the light guide (recycling light 1307). To contain light, for example, it is possible to sequentially change the propagation direction by using a diffusion layer or the like provided on the lower surface side of the groove so that it can be emitted from the upper surface side.

另外，在图9(a)(b)中，1304是导光体，1305是沟，1306是背光源光，1307是循环光。In addition, in Fig. 9 (a) (b), 1304 is a light guide, 1305 is a groove, 1306 is a backlight light, and 1307 is a recycling light.

在上述的例子中，虽然没有使用滤色片，但是也可以使用滤色片。在基板中内装有颜料分散型等的吸收式滤色片的情况下，偏振光选择反射层必须内装于滤色层的更往里的内侧上。这是因为如果在滤色层中发生吸收光则会降低循环效率的缘故。In the above example, although no color filter is used, a color filter may also be used. In the case where an absorbing color filter of a pigment dispersion type or the like is incorporated in a substrate, a polarized light selective reflection layer must be incorporated on the inner side of the color filter layer. This is because if light absorption occurs in the color filter layer, the cycle efficiency will be lowered.

[与实施形态2对应的具体例2][Concrete Example 2 Corresponding to Embodiment 2]

用图10说明与实施形态6对应的具体例2。图10是常态黑色的横向电场显示模式的例子。另外，在图10中，100是大1的导光体，1001是扩散层，1004是相向基板，1006是偏振片，1007是灯泡，1008是灯泡罩，1011是源极线，1012是栅极线。A specific example 2 corresponding to the sixth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 10 . FIG. 10 is an example of a normally black transverse electric field display mode. In addition, in Fig. 10, 100 is a large light guide body, 1001 is a diffusion layer, 1004 is a facing substrate, 1006 is a polarizer, 1007 is a bulb, 1008 is a bulb cover, 1011 is a source line, 1012 is a grid Wire.

在具有梳状电极1014的阵列基板1003上边，液晶具有均匀配向。这时，液晶的配向方位1010变成为与第2导光体1002内的光的主要的传播方向1009大体上垂直。On thearray substrate 1003 with the comb-like electrodes 1014, the liquid crystals have a uniform alignment. At this time, thealignment direction 1010 of the liquid crystal becomes substantially perpendicular to themain propagation direction 1009 of light in thesecond light guide 1002 .

借助于上述构成，从第2导光体1002向液晶层1015入射的入射光1016，即便是对于不仅仅垂直，还与传播方向平行而且倾斜地透过液晶层1015的光，也难于接受相位变化。这是因为入射光1016和液晶长轴的配向方向1010所构成的夹角变成为大体上垂直的缘故。为此，黑色显示时的偏振光选择反射层1005的选择反射性提高，峰值辉度的发生效率提高。With the above configuration, the incident light 1016 incident from thesecond light guide 1002 to theliquid crystal layer 1015 is difficult to accept a phase change even for light that passes through theliquid crystal layer 1015 not only vertically but also parallel to the propagation direction and obliquely. . This is because the angle formed by theincident light 1016 and thealignment direction 1010 of the long axis of the liquid crystal becomes substantially perpendicular. Therefore, the selective reflectivity of the polarized light selectivereflective layer 1005 at the time of black display is improved, and the generation efficiency of peak luminance is improved.

另外，液晶的配向方向，即便是与传播方向平行也可以得到同样的效果。这是因为对于传播方向来说不存在液晶的相位差的缘故。In addition, even if the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is parallel to the propagation direction, the same effect can be obtained. This is because there is no phase difference of the liquid crystal with respect to the propagation direction.

图11示出了液晶的配向方向1010与传播方向1009的夹角θ和峰值辉度的关系。另外，峰值辉度已用θ为0度的值进行了归一化。FIG. 11 shows the relationship between the angle θ between thealignment direction 1010 of the liquid crystal and thepropagation direction 1009 and the peak luminance. Additionally, peak luminance has been normalized with a value of 0 degrees for θ.

θ为0度和90度时峰值辉度将变成为最大，在45度时变成为最小。这是因为对于斜向透过液晶层的光，在θ为45度的情况下，最易于发生相位差变化，循环光减少的缘故。The peak luminance becomes maximum when θ is 0 degrees and 90 degrees, and becomes minimum when θ is 45 degrees. This is because, for light passing obliquely through the liquid crystal layer, when θ is 45 degrees, the phase difference change is most likely to occur, and the circulating light decreases.

(实施形态7)(Embodiment 7)

[液晶显示装置的构成和动作原理][Configuration and operation principle of liquid crystal display device]

图12和图13是本发明的实施形态7的具有背光源和在反射层上具有开口部分的半透过型液晶显示装置的剖面图。图12示出了透过时光的路径，图13示出了反射时光的路径。12 and 13 are cross-sectional views of a transflective liquid crystal display device having a backlight and openings in a reflective layer according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention. Figure 12 shows the path of transmitted light, and Figure 13 shows the path of reflected light.

在透过时，来自灯泡511的出射光A514的P分量透过偏振光选择反射层A和吸收式偏振片向液晶层510入射。在黑色显示部分512中，入射进来的P波不接受偏振变换被上表面的偏振光选择反射层B508反射，再次向导光体B入射在内部传播。在导光体B502中传播的光之内，入射到白色显示部分513上的光在液晶层510中进行PS变换后，变成为S波向观看一侧出射(出射光A515)。这时，采用把吸收式偏振片B509，使得同时通过S波那样地使轴相吻合地叠层到偏振光选择反射层B的上表面上的办法，就可以得到偏振性提高、对比度提高的效果。此外，采用把偏振光选择反射层设置在吸收式偏振片的下表面一侧的办法，就可以使从背面入射的光进行循环。这若用背面一侧的偏振光选择反射层A603和吸收式偏振片604有是同样的。When transmitted, the P component of the outgoing light A514 from the bulb 511 passes through the polarized light selective reflection layer A and the absorbing polarizer to enter the liquid crystal layer 510 . In the black display part 512 , the incoming P wave is reflected by the polarized light selective reflection layer B508 on the upper surface without undergoing polarization conversion, and then enters the light guide B again and propagates inside. Among the light propagating through the light guide body B502, the light incident on the white display portion 513 undergoes PS conversion in the liquid crystal layer 510, and then becomes S wave and is emitted toward the viewing side (exiting light A515). At this time, by laminating the absorbing polarizer B509 on the upper surface of the polarized light selective reflection layer B so that the axes of the S waves pass simultaneously, the effects of improving polarization and contrast can be obtained. . In addition, by disposing the polarized light selective reflection layer on the lower surface side of the absorbing polarizer, the light incident from the back can be recycled. This is the same if the polarized light selective reflection layer A603 and the absorbingpolarizer 604 on the rear side are used.

在反射时，从外部向黑色显示部分入射的光，从透过部分开始在反射层的下边的导光体内传播，从白色显示部分出射。入射光B614从透过部分618向背面的导光体B602入射，在导光体B614内传播，从白色显示部分出射(出射光C617)。During reflection, light incident on the black display portion from the outside propagates through the light guide below the reflective layer from the transmission portion, and exits from the white display portion. The incident light B614 enters the light guide body B602 on the rear surface from the transmission part 618, propagates in the light guide body B614, and exits from the white display part (exit light C617).

[其它的事项][other matters]

(1)半透过型的液晶显示装置中的象素的反射部分与透过部分的构成，如图12所示，除去在象素的中央部分设置透过部分之外，也可以如图14所示，仅仅在象素的凹凸构造的中央设置反射部分1404。凸部间的平坦区域，由于外光进行正反射，故对于反射特性没有贡献。为此，若把凸部间作成为透过部分1405，则具有在保持反射特性不变的状态下提高开口面积的效果。另外，在图14中，1401是源极线，1402是栅极线，1403是象素。(1) The composition of the reflective part and the transmissive part of the pixel in the semi-transmissive liquid crystal display device, as shown in Figure 12, except that the central part of the pixel is provided with the transmissive part, it can also be as shown in Figure 14 As shown, thereflective portion 1404 is provided only in the center of the concave-convex structure of the pixel. The flat area between the convex parts does not contribute to the reflection characteristic because external light is reflected regularly. For this reason, if the convex portion is interposed as thetransmissive portion 1405, there is an effect of increasing the opening area while maintaining the reflective characteristic. In addition, in FIG. 14, 1401 is a source line, 1402 is a gate line, and 1403 is a pixel.

(2)背光源，除去冷阴极管之外，还可以使用白色的LED或颜色时分型的LED背光源，特别是若使用RGB颜色时分型的LED光源，则可以得到透过时的辉度提高的效果。(2) Backlight, in addition to cold cathode tubes, you can also use white LED or color time-divided LED backlight, especially if you use RGB color time-divided LED light source, you can get the brightness when it is transmitted Enhanced effect.

(实施形态8)(Embodiment 8)

[液晶显示装置的构成和动作原理][Configuration and operation principle of liquid crystal display device]

图4示出了本发明的实施形态7的液晶显示装置的显示原理。FIG. 4 shows the display principle of a liquid crystal display device according to Embodiment 7 of the present invention.

液晶层1208使用垂直配向模式，把偏振光选择反射层A1201和偏振光选择反射层B1206叠层到液晶层1208的两侧。这时，在中间色调显示时，存在着一次透过液晶层的出射光A1209和在上下的偏振光选择反射层中进行反射后出射的出射光B1210。这是因为由于在液晶层中混合存在着S波和P波，在偏振光选择反射层中以恒定的比率发生透过光和反射光的缘故。这时，出射光B1210在液晶层1208中的光路长度变成为出射光A1209的2倍。因此，出射光A1209和出射光B1210具有不同的相位差。为此，在观看时结果就变成为出射光A1209与出射光B1210进行平均化，出于与多区型液晶面板同样的原理，特别是可以得到降低辉度等级反转的效果。Theliquid crystal layer 1208 uses a vertical alignment mode, and the polarized light selective reflection layer A1201 and the polarized light selective reflection layer B1206 are laminated on both sides of theliquid crystal layer 1208 . At this time, in halftone display, there are outgoing light A1209 which passes through the liquid crystal layer once, and outgoing light B1210 which is reflected by the upper and lower polarized light selective reflection layers and then emitted. This is because transmitted light and reflected light are generated at a constant ratio in the polarized light selective reflection layer due to the mixture of S wave and P wave in the liquid crystal layer. At this time, the optical path length of the outgoing light B1210 in theliquid crystal layer 1208 becomes twice that of the outgoing light A1209. Therefore, the outgoing light A1209 and the outgoing light B1210 have different phase differences. Therefore, when viewed, the output light A1209 and the output light B1210 are averaged. Based on the same principle as the multi-zone liquid crystal panel, the effect of reducing the inversion of brightness levels can be obtained.

[与实施形态8对应的具体例][Concrete example corresponding to Embodiment 8]

用图12和图13说明实施形态8的半透过型液晶显示装置。图12示出了透过时光的路径，图13示出了反射时光的路径。在图12中，505是下基板，507是上基板，510是液晶层，512是黑色显示部分，514是入射光A，515是出射光A，此外，在图13中，600是导光体A，601是扩散层，602是导光体B，603是偏振光选择反射层A，604是吸收式偏振片A，650是下基板，606是反射部分，607是上基板，608的偏振光选择反射层B，609是吸收式偏振片B，610是液晶层，611是灯泡，612是黑色显示部分，613是白色显示部分，614是入射光C，615是出射光C，616是透过部分。A transflective liquid crystal display device according toEmbodiment 8 will be described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. FIG. Figure 12 shows the path of transmitted light, and Figure 13 shows the path of reflected light. In Fig. 12, 505 is the lower substrate, 507 is the upper substrate, 510 is the liquid crystal layer, 512 is the black display part, 514 is the incident light A, 515 is the outgoing light A, and in Fig. 13, 600 is the light guide A, 601 is the diffusion layer, 602 is the light guide B, 603 is the polarized light selective reflection layer A, 604 is the absorbing polarizer A, 650 is the lower substrate, 606 is the reflection part, 607 is the upper substrate, 608 is the polarized light Selective reflection layer B, 609 is absorbing polarizer B, 610 is liquid crystal layer, 611 is light bulb, 612 is black display part, 613 is white display part, 614 is incident light C, 615 is outgoing light C, 616 is through part.

在具有开口部分的半透过型的液晶面板中，以面积比40∶60形成象素的反射部分506和开口部分516。反射部分用铝合金形成，开口部分用ITO膜在透明光致抗蚀剂上边形成。In a transflective liquid crystal panel having an opening, the reflective portion 506 and the opening 516 of the pixel are formed at an area ratio of 40:60. The reflective part is formed with aluminum alloy, and the opening part is formed with an ITO film on a transparent photoresist.

与灯泡511邻接地配置导光体A500，在上表面上叠层上扩散层501。导光体A用丙烯系树脂作成。在导光体A的下表面上，设置点状的凹凸，灯泡511的光在导光体A内传播，同时在点状的凹凸内散射从上表面出射，被上表面的扩散薄片扩散后变成为扩散面光源。在扩散层501上边配置丙烯系的导光体B502。导光体B502采用在上下的面上具有沟的办法使循环光在内部传播的同时，可以依次从白色显示部分出射。在导光体B502上边叠层偏振光变换选择层A503和吸收式偏振片A504，把偏振光选择变换层B508、吸收式偏振片B509等叠层到上述液晶面板的上表面上制作成透过型的液晶显示装置。The light guide body A500 is arranged adjacent to the light bulb 511, and the upper diffusion layer 501 is laminated on the upper surface. The light guide A is made of acrylic resin. On the lower surface of the light guide A, point-shaped unevenness is set, and the light from the bulb 511 propagates in the light guide A, and at the same time, it scatters in the point-shaped unevenness and exits from the upper surface, and becomes diffused by the diffusion sheet on the upper surface. Become a diffuse surface light source. An acrylic light guide B502 is arranged on the diffusion layer 501 . The light guide B502 has grooves on the upper and lower surfaces so that the circulating light can be transmitted from the white display part sequentially while propagating inside. Laminate the polarization conversion selective layer A503 and the absorbing polarizer A504 on the light guide B502, and laminate the polarized light selective conversion layer B508 and the absorbing polarizer B509 on the upper surface of the above-mentioned liquid crystal panel to make a transmission type liquid crystal display device.

在室内灯下对显示特性进行了评价。在使灯泡511亮灯的透过时，灯泡的光在黑色显示部分内进行循环，在导光体B502内传播，从白色显示部分513出射。此外，在灯泡关灯的反射时，从外部入射到黑色显示部分中的光，透过透过部分，在反射层的下边的导光体内传播，从白色显示部分出射。为此，在透过、反射时都将发生峰值辉度，实现了高辉度化。Display characteristics were evaluated under indoor lighting. When the bulb 511 is turned on and transmitted, the light of the bulb circulates in the black display portion, propagates in the light guide B 502 , and exits from the white display portion 513 . In addition, when the bulb is turned off and reflected, light incident on the black display part from the outside passes through the transmission part, propagates in the light guide below the reflective layer, and exits from the white display part. For this reason, peak luminance occurs in both transmission and reflection, achieving high luminance.

工业上利用的可能性Possibility of industrial use

倘采用本发明，采用用伴随着驱动的ON、OFF产生的液晶层的配向状态的不同，实现背光源光的循环，同时，进行面板显示的办法，就可以使入射到面板的黑色显示部分上的光在白色显示部分中循环以实现峰值辉度，实现极其之高的高辉度的面板。If the present invention is adopted, the circulation of the light from the backlight source can be realized by using the difference in the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer produced by the ON and OFF of the driving, and at the same time, the method of displaying the panel can be made to be incident on the black display part of the panel. The light circulates in the white display part to achieve peak luminance, achieving an extremely high high luminance panel.

Claims (104)

1. both sides at liquid crystal layer have the liquid crystal panel of polarization layer, it is characterized in that:

Be positioned at the polarization layer of observer's one side, constitute by the 1st polarization layer and degree of polarization the 2nd polarization layer also higher that optionally separate reflection by means of polarization state and see through than the 1st polarization layer.

2. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: be positioned at the polarization layer of an opposite side with the observer, be made of the 1st polarization layer and degree of polarization the 2nd polarization layer also higher than the 1st polarization layer that optionally separate reflection by means of polarization state and see through.

3. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 2nd polarization layer is absorptive-type polarization layer.

4. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 2nd polarization layer is absorptive-type polarization layer.

5. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: be positioned at the polarization layer reflection of above-mentioned observer's one side and the light that sees through the same polarization state of light of the polarization layer that is positioned at an above-mentioned opposite side with the observer, by polarization state and the above-mentioned different light of light that sees through.

6. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 2nd polarization layer is configured in above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer top.

7. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 2nd polarization layer is configured in above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer top.

8. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer and above-mentioned the 2nd polarization layer are set in place in inside one side of the substrate of observer's one side.

9. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer and above-mentioned the 2nd polarization layer are set in place in inside one side of the substrate of observer's one side.

10. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 8, it is characterized in that: have color filter on the substrate that is positioned at observer's one side, above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer that is positioned at the substrate of observer's one side is configured in liquid crystal layer one side of color filter.

11. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 9 is characterized in that: have color filter on the substrate that is positioned at observer's one side, above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer that is positioned at the substrate of observer's one side is configured in liquid crystal layer one side of color filter.

12. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 8 is characterized in that: have color filter on the substrate that is positioned at an opposite side with the observer, above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer that is positioned at the substrate of an opposite side with the observer is configured in substrate one side of color filter.

13. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 9 is characterized in that: have color filter on the substrate that is positioned at an opposite side with the observer, above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer that is positioned at the substrate of an opposite side with the observer is configured in substrate one side of color filter.

14. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is made of Nicol.

15. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is made of Nicol.

16. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is made of the scattering device.

17. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is made of the scattering device.

18. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 16 is characterized in that: above-mentioned scattering device has anisotropy.

19. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 17 is characterized in that: above-mentioned scattering device has anisotropy.

20. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is made of the different multilayer film of refractive index.

21. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is made of the different multilayer film of refractive index.

22. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 20 is characterized in that: above-mentioned multilayer film has anisotropy.

23. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 21 is characterized in that: above-mentioned multilayer film has anisotropy.

24. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is made of holographic element.

25. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is made of holographic element.

26. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: no matter above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is which side the structure of circularly polarized light in about reflection.

27. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: no matter above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer is which side the structure of circularly polarized light in about reflection.

28. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 26 is characterized in that: the index distribution of above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer has spiral structure.

29. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 27 is characterized in that: the index distribution of above-mentioned the 1st polarization layer has spiral structure.

30. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 28 is characterized in that: above-mentioned spiral structure is made of cholesteryl liquid crystal or polymkeric substance.

31. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 29 is characterized in that: above-mentioned spiral structure is made of cholesteryl liquid crystal or polymkeric substance.

32. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 26 is characterized in that: dispose and be used for making circularly polarized light to be transformed into the phase separation layer of linearly polarized photon.

33. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 27 is characterized in that: dispose and be used for making circularly polarized light to be transformed into the phase separation layer of linearly polarized photon.

34. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: liquid crystal layer is constituted as that to make the phase change of the light vertically propagated with above-mentioned liquid crystal layer become substantially be 0 when black display.

35. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: liquid crystal layer is constituted as that to make the phase change of the light vertically propagated with above-mentioned liquid crystal layer become substantially be 0 when black display.

36. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 34 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer liquid crystal when making alive not has the vertical alignment mode of vertical orientation.

37. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 35 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer liquid crystal when making alive not has the vertical alignment mode of vertical orientation.

38. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 34 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer liquid crystal when making alive not has even orientation, is the lateral electric field mode that can use the transverse electric field parallel with substrate to drive.

39. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 35 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer liquid crystal when making alive not has even orientation, is the lateral electric field mode that can use the transverse electric field parallel with substrate to drive.

40. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 is characterized in that: liquid crystal layer is constituted as the phase change feasible and light that above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is vertically propagated, becomes to be minimum when black display.

41. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 is characterized in that: liquid crystal layer is constituted as the phase change feasible and light that above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is vertically propagated, becomes to be minimum when black display.

42. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 40 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is a twisted nematic mode.

43. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 41 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is a twisted nematic mode.

44. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 40 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is the mixed orientation pattern.

45. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 41 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is the mixed orientation pattern.

46. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 40 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is an ocb mode.

47. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 41 is characterized in that: above-mentioned liquid crystal layer is an ocb mode.

48. one kind has liquid crystal panel and can show slinkingly the liquid crystal indicator that shows and obviously show, it is characterized in that: adopt with light-guiding mechanism importing the above-mentioned way of obviously showing part, be used for the above-mentioned part of obviously showing to above-mentioned at least a portion that shows slinkingly the light that shows part incident to the above-mentioned light that shows part incident that shows slinkingly.

49. one kind has liquid crystal panel and can show slinkingly the liquid crystal indicator that shows and obviously show, it is characterized in that: adopt with light-guiding mechanism importing the above-mentioned way of obviously showing part to an above-mentioned part that shows slinkingly the light that shows part incident, make to show slinkingly and show that part becomes big to the relative display area that obviously shows part, the above-mentioned briliancy of part of obviously showing uprises.

50. one kind has liquid crystal panel and can show slinkingly the liquid crystal indicator that shows and obviously show, it is characterized in that: adopt with light-guiding mechanism importing the above-mentioned way of obviously showing part to an above-mentioned part that shows slinkingly the light that shows part incident, make show slinkingly show part the briliancy grade more near black, above-mentionedly show that obviously the briliancy of part is higher.

51. liquid crystal indicator, it is characterized in that: have backlight part, in pixel, have the liquid crystal panel of reflecting part and permeation parts, obviously show part and from obviously showing the part ejaculation importing by the backlight light of the backside reflection of above-mentioned reflecting part with from the outer light that above-mentioned permeation parts sees through to backlight one side with light-guiding mechanism.

52. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 51 is characterized in that: above-mentioned pixel has sag and swell, and above-mentioned permeation parts is formed the smooth position of containing sag and swell.

53. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 51 is characterized in that: it is luminous that above-mentioned backlight partly adopts the way of time-division to carry out RGB.

54. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 48 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism is by the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 and be configured to constitute with the light conductor of the opposite side adjacency with the observer of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel.

55. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 49 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism is by the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 and be configured to constitute with the light conductor of the opposite side adjacency with the observer of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel.

56. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 50 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism is by the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 and be configured to constitute with the light conductor of the opposite side adjacency with the observer of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel.

57. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 51 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism is by the described liquid crystal panel of claim 1 and be configured to constitute with the light conductor of the opposite side adjacency with the observer of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel.

58. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 48 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism is by the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 and be configured to constitute with the light conductor of the opposite side adjacency with the observer of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel.

59. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 49 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism is by the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 and be configured to constitute with the light conductor of the opposite side adjacency with the observer of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel.

60. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 50 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism is by the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 and be configured to constitute with the light conductor of the opposite side adjacency with the observer of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel.

61. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 51 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism is by the described liquid crystal panel of claim 2 and be configured to constitute with the light conductor of the opposite side adjacency with the observer of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel.

62. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 54 is characterized in that possessing: possess the backlight part of light conductor and at the above-mentioned light conductor of above-mentioned diffusion layer observer one side with diffusion layer in observer's one side.

63. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 55 is characterized in that possessing: possess the backlight part of light conductor and at the above-mentioned light conductor of above-mentioned diffusion layer observer one side with diffusion layer in observer's one side.

64. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 56 is characterized in that possessing: possess the backlight part of light conductor and at the above-mentioned light conductor of above-mentioned diffusion layer observer one side with diffusion layer in observer's one side.

65. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 57 is characterized in that possessing: possess the backlight part of light conductor and at the above-mentioned light conductor of above-mentioned diffusion layer observer one side with diffusion layer in observer's one side.

66. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 58 is characterized in that possessing: possess the backlight part of light conductor and at the above-mentioned light conductor of above-mentioned diffusion layer observer one side with diffusion layer in observer's one side.

67. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 59 is characterized in that possessing: possess the backlight part of light conductor and at the above-mentioned light conductor of above-mentioned diffusion layer observer one side with diffusion layer in observer's one side.

68. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 60 is characterized in that possessing: possess the backlight part of light conductor and at the above-mentioned light conductor of above-mentioned diffusion layer observer one side with diffusion layer in observer's one side.

69. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 61 is characterized in that possessing: possess the backlight part of light conductor and at the above-mentioned light conductor of above-mentioned diffusion layer observer one side with diffusion layer in observer's one side.

70. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 54 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light conductor sees through backlight light, and catoptrical at least a portion of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is propagated in inside.

71. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 55 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light conductor sees through backlight light, and catoptrical at least a portion of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is propagated in inside.

72. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 56 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light conductor sees through backlight light, and catoptrical at least a portion of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is propagated in inside.

73. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 57 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light conductor sees through backlight light, and catoptrical at least a portion of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is propagated in inside.

74. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 58 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light conductor sees through backlight light, and catoptrical at least a portion of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is propagated in inside.

75. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 59 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light conductor sees through backlight light, and catoptrical at least a portion of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is propagated in inside.

76. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 60 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light conductor sees through backlight light, and catoptrical at least a portion of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is propagated in inside.

77. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 61 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light conductor sees through backlight light, and catoptrical at least a portion of above-mentioned liquid crystal panel is propagated in inside.

78. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 70 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is to make the different layer of refractive index obliquely carry out lamination.

79. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 71 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is to make the different layer of refractive index obliquely carry out lamination.

80. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 72 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is to make the different layer of refractive index obliquely carry out lamination.

81. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 73 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is to make the different layer of refractive index obliquely carry out lamination.

82. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 74 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is to make the different layer of refractive index obliquely carry out lamination.

83. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 75 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is to make the different layer of refractive index obliquely carry out lamination.

84. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 76 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is to make the different layer of refractive index obliquely carry out lamination.

85. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 77 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is to make the different layer of refractive index obliquely carry out lamination.

86. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 70 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is the ditch that forms asymmetrical shape on the face of backlight one side.

87. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 71 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is the ditch that forms asymmetrical shape on the face of backlight one side

88. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 72 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is the ditch that forms asymmetrical shape on the face of backlight one side.

89. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 73 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is the ditch that forms asymmetrical shape on the face of backlight one side.

90. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 74 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is the ditch that forms asymmetrical shape on the face of backlight one side.

91. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 75 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is the ditch that forms asymmetrical shape on the face of backlight one side.

92. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 76 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is the ditch that forms asymmetrical shape on the face of backlight one side.

93. the liquid crystal panel of the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 77 is characterized in that: the structure of above-mentioned light conductor is the ditch that forms asymmetrical shape on the face of backlight one side.

94. have the described liquid crystal indicator of the claim 48 of drive part, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned drive part, carry out the driving of inserting black display during constant in image duration.

95. have the described liquid crystal indicator of the claim 49 of drive part, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned drive part, carry out the driving of inserting black display during constant in image duration.

96. have the described liquid crystal indicator of the claim 50 of drive part, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned drive part, carry out the driving of inserting black display during constant in image duration.

97. have the described liquid crystal indicator of the claim 51 of drive part, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned drive part, carry out the driving of inserting black display during constant in image duration.

98. have the described liquid crystal indicator of the claim 48 of drive part, it is characterized in that: be provided with the anti-locking apparatus of multipath reflection.

99. have the described liquid crystal indicator of the claim 49 of drive part, it is characterized in that: be provided with the anti-locking apparatus of multipath reflection.

100. have the described liquid crystal indicator of the claim 50 of drive part, it is characterized in that: be provided with the anti-locking apparatus of multipath reflection.

101. have the described liquid crystal indicator of the claim 51 of drive part, it is characterized in that: be provided with the anti-locking apparatus of multipath reflection.

102. the described liquid crystal indicator of claim 51 is characterized in that: above-mentioned backlight is a side-light type back light.

103. liquid crystal indicator with liquid crystal panel, it is characterized in that: adopt handle by means of light-guiding mechanism, the light that incides on the liquid crystal layer is transformed into the way that sees through the light of above-mentioned liquid crystal layer with the optical path length that differs from one another, and makes the light with a plurality of phase places to same direction outgoing.

104. the described liquid crystal panel of claim 103 is characterized in that: above-mentioned light-guiding mechanism by liquid crystal layer with depend on that polarization state optionally separates reflection and the polarization layer that sees through constitutes.

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