Myopia is ametropia can be caused and develop because of the long-time close eye that continues.Particularly adolescence is excessively used eye because of reading in the study, has become the high main cause of rate of myopia.The existing method that reduces reading property myopia risk comprises when reading and wears anti-myopia glasses, for example, and the glasses that Chinese patent application 89219609 (Granted publication number 2081103) proposes; Or the paper printing read-write books of employing special reflecting spectrum, for example the myopia prevention books of the paper printing of the special color of Chinese patent application 99108565 propositions; Or the like.These methods have all adopted and have reduced the risk that the method for looking nearly regulating error or control lag reduces myopia.
But the situation of sighting distance such as eyes did not consider that the eyes majority is to be in the state that does not wait sighting distance when in fact reading when above-mentioned these methods had all only been considered to read.The inventor studies near-sighted problem for many years untiringly, in conjunction with the continuous accumulation of association area scientific discovery in the world, finds that finally the sighting distance that do not wait of eyes is very important factors that cause adolescent myopia during reading.The above-mentioned myopia preventing and treating method of not considering this factor or device thereby have major defect.
With present compatriots' reading habit, horizontal reading and ways of writing about mainly having adopted.Because eyes are that the left and right sides is transversely arranged, thus horizontal read and when writing, in most cases there is sighting distance poor between eyes, this sighting distance difference departs from the increase of transverse center point along with viewpoint and increases, and enlarges markedly along with the reduction of sighting distance.By preparing a computer program, can analyze and sighting distance difference that the bubble head normotopia is represented with diopter between eyes when watching attentively with gaze distance, laterally sweep the variation of width.Following table provides brief numerical analysis result, wherein, " distance " expression gaze distance, the off-centered horizontal pan width of " width " expression, unit is centimetre; " parallax " represents between eyes sighting distance poor, and unit is diopter (D).Apart from the width parallax apart from the width parallax apart from width parallax 20 1 0.08D; 30 1 0.02D; 40 1 0.01D, 20 2 0.16D; 30 2 0.05D; 40 2 0.02D, 20 3 0.23D; 30 3 0.07D; 40 3 0.03D, 20 4 0.30D; 30 4 0.09D; 40 4 0.04D, 20 5 0.36D; 30 5 0.12D; 40 5 0.05D, 20 6 0.42D; 30 6 0.14D; 40 6 0.06D, 20 7 0.47D; 30 7 0.16D; 40 7 0.07D, 20 8 0.51D; 30 8 0.17D; 40 8 0.08D, 20 9 0.55D; 30 9 0.19D; 40 9 0.09D, 20 10 0.58D; 30 10 0.21D; 40 10 0.09D, 20 11 0.60D; 30 11 0.22D; 40 11 0.10D, 20 12 0.61D; 30 12 0.23D; 40 12 0. 11D, 20 13 0.62D; 30 13 0.24D; 40 13 0. 11D, 20 14 0.63D; 30 14 0.25D; 40 14 0. 12D, 20 15 0.63D; 30 15 0.26D; 40 15 0. 13D, 20 16 0.62D; 30 16 0.27D; 40 16 0. 13D, 20 17 0.62D; 30 17 0.27D; 40 17 0. 14D, 20 18 0.61D; 30 18 0.28D; 40 18 0. 14D
As seen, even at so-called " eye care distance ", i.e. 30 centimetres of sighting distances, 5 centimetres at blinkpunkt lateral runout center, the sighting distance difference promptly surpasses 0.1 diopter; When departing from 10 centimetres, the sighting distance difference surpasses 0.2 diopter, and be equivalent to watch attentively single page 16 and open books this moment; When departing from 18 centimetres, nearly 0.3 diopter of sighting distance differential, be equivalent to watch attentively pair of pages 16 and open books this moment.If sighting distance shortens to 20 centimetres, above-mentioned eyes sighting distance difference then can reach 0.36,0.58 and 0.61 diopter respectively.In the past, simply with the relevant understanding of regulated quantity, this sighting distance difference was left in the basket usually and disregarded based on myopia, stimulated or the little order of magnitude of conditioned reaction because it is regulated.For example, during 20 centimetres of sighting distances, regulating stimulates about 5.0D, the about 4.5-4.9D of conditioned reaction.Yet the inventor deeply resolves the mechanism of development of myopia through studying the conditioned reaction characteristic of eyes in great detail, finds, the eyes sighting distance during near-distance reading is poor just, has constituted to promote adolescent myopia that one of most important factor of development takes place.Result of study according to the inventor, whether the generation of myopia (or near-sightedization process), depend on that visual cell (or visual cell group) on the retina is to the detectability and the testing result of regulating error, regulate the existence that falls behind error as long as detect, eye promptly starts emmetropization mechanism or process, impel eye to change to near-sighted direction, this change is the normal performance of adaptation of eye environment.Eye can be weighed with the adjusting depth of focus the detectability of regulating error.Because the visual acuity of human eye peaks between 8-18 year, logarithm eyesight is up to more than 2.0 even 3.0 during this, and the visual angle resolving power can reach 30 seconds angles or lower, and this moment, the depth of focus of eye was minimum, can reach+/-0.05D or more low-level, eye is the most responsive to regulating error.Because the above-mentioned eyes sighting distance that is higher than 0.1D even 0.3D is poor, to impel eye correspondingly to reduce conditioned reaction, thereby increase very significantly even exponentially the conditioned reaction hysteresis error of eye, thereby stimulate the emmetropization growth course of the teenager's eye that still is in active period consumingly, cause myopia.In infant or manhood, because visual acuity is all lower, and adult eye is in non-active period to the long-term adaptation of regulating error is relative with the emmetropization process, and eye reduces greatly to the susceptibility of regulating error.This has explained also why the easiest trouble of adolescence is near-sighted.
Above-mentioned original discovery, the inventor will be in the paper of delivering from now on further detailed report.Here only provide conclusive result, so that can understand the present invention better.
The objective of the invention is based on above-mentioned discovery, propose a kind of reduced reading of having considered the binocular vision effect, having comprised the sighting distance difference factor in the reading, write the method for the near-sighted risk that causes, also promptly prevent to read the method for property myopia, with printing, the display material (books, display) for reading usefulness that can in reading writing, reduce near-sighted risk according to this method design, with the display mode for the character content of reading, and this printing material and display mode are used for the new purposes of pre-myopia prevention.
The core technology scheme of the inventive method is, utilize reading, the writing material of suitable mode of printing printing, or the display display mode of appropriate display reading content, guiding eye in reading or writing, reduce eye (sight line) when order is read or is write laterally (about) sweep distance, sighting distance when reducing reading writing to greatest extent between eyes is poor, thereby reaches the effect that causes the risk of myopia when reducing reading writing.Further, the display display mode of the mode of printing of the reading described in the technical scheme of the inventive method, writing material or reading content also comprises; Printing or character display (to printing or the display material of Gong writing, being meant word lattice, the guide line that guides the writing words position or latent word lattice, latent guide line) are sequentially vertically arranged on printing or display page from top to bottom; With make printing or character display on printing or display page with many subfields, hurdle in short row from left to right or the mode of right-to-left sequentially transversely arranged.Described many subfields are included in and will print on the same page or displaying contents longitudinally is divided into two hurdles or more than two hurdles.
Described printing of the inventive method or character display refer to comprise whole text characters of form.In particular cases, the described character of sequentially vertically arranging from top to bottom can not comprise the character in some forms and the chart: these forms and chart are not suitable for arranging in mode longitudinally significantly.
Generally, the printing of the described vertical arrangement of the inventive method or display mode are suitable for ideographic language or pictographs such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, or other similar literal.And according to the present invention, alphabetic literal, for example English, French, Russian, German, Latin, or other similar literal preferably print in the horizontal tactic mode of many subfields of short row or show.Horizontal tactic printing of many subfields of short row or display mode described in the inventive method is suitable for printing and shows above-mentioned various literal: comprise square, pictograph and alphabetic literal.
Reading, the writing material of the mode of printing printing that described employing character of the inventive method or character format are sequentially vertically arranged from top to bottom, can read, guide sight line sequentially to vertically move from top to bottom when writing, normotopia is watched attentively when reading, sight line moves up and down along watching central point attentively, at this moment, the eyes sighting distance equates, sighting distance difference between two reaches the null value level, can almost eliminate the risk of the caused myopia of control lag error that causes because of eyes sighting distance difference up hill and dale, thereby can reduce greatly and read the risk that causes myopia.This reading writing mode that eye is vertically moved is the main mode of ancient Chinese reading writing.The applicant finds, also is that experience " ten years of study by the cold window is studied hard " is difficult for a myopic epochmaking reason though this also is an Ancient Chinese for the scholar.
For realizing the mode that the guiding sight line sequentially vertically moves from top to bottom in reading of the present invention, read behind an angle of 90 degrees though also can adopting verts the existing common printing material of laterally just arranging, because literal has increased the difficulty of reading from just arranging after verting.Thereby the printing, the display material guiding eye that preferably adopt literal, character vertically just arranging vertically move.In addition, the printing or the display mode of vertically just arranging of the described character of the inventive method preferably further are arranged in the page putting in order from left to right, promptly, the order of row is arranged by mode from left to right, with the guiding sight line in order is read from top to bottom, move from left to right.Such mode help to utilize present in the page reading habit that moves of direction from left to right, make reading method from top to bottom be easier to accept.In addition, also printing, display page can be divided into upper and lower two parts or plural part, each part is provided with printing or displaying contents (or form) with vertical type-setting mode, can suitably reduce the height of file like this, makes it be more suitable for reading and writing.For the books of printing, owing to generally all adopt rectangular paper to make the page, for example, 16 open paper, and 32 open paper, are the length of the character row that reduces vertical composing, also can adopt for the printing bookbinding mode of page turning up and down in using, make use in the height of the page be lower than width.
As everyone knows, adopt the text printout method printing reading material of vertically just arranging,, just have since ancient times for ideographic language.But along with the expansion of west alphabetic literal culture in modern times, vertically the mode of printing of just arranging is replaced by the horizontally-arranged mode gradually.Because people fail to recognize literal and are vertically just arranging the essential advantage of mode always, fail particularly to recognize that the pointed bootable eye of the present invention is vertically read, the advantage of reduction reading property myopia risk, nowadays the mode of printing that once main employing is vertically just being arranged on history such as China and the country of ways of writing longitudinally, the printing material of vertically just arranging of new system and paper writing paper or the writing notebook that supplies vertically to write almost disappear, only at the printing material of the certain limit of states such as Japan, for the reading habit that is fit to the reader is also keeping this mode.And adopted the display of new technology to show, particularly the display of desktop or personal computer shows, as the text display mode, worldwide vertically shows actual few the use; And the acquiescence or the default mode of the direct display demonstration of the information page content that supplies reading that conduct stores in computing machine or intercomputer transmits, vertically demonstration does not still exist or is not used.
The character page guiding eye method that work vertically moves in reading that printing material that employing literal of the present invention is vertically just being arranged or display show, to the easiest fruit that takes effect of prevention adolescent myopia, by reducing the near-sighted occurrence risk of near-sighted susceptible during the age, the near-sighted incidence total to the control crowd, the maximum of producing effects.The inventor is according to the adjusting physiological characteristic of eye and the mechanism of development of myopia, in conjunction with the Mathematical Statistics Analysis method, Preliminary conclusion: with Chinese present circumstances, from school age to 22 years old mature age, adopt the pre-myopia prevention of printing material of vertically just arranging literal of the present invention in the study, the near-sighted incidence decline that can make newborn colony and be in preschool colony at present is more than 30%.To the country of such populous nation of China and near-sighted rate occurred frequently, this means that can reduce near-sighted number of the infected every year reaches millions of; The more important thing is, also can reduce the incidence of middle and high degree myopia in the near-sighted colony greatly, thereby reduce the harm of myopia greatly.Be noted that owing to the adult more than 22 years old, its emmetropization mechanism complete obiteration not yet, the risk that still has certain myopia to take place and develop, method of the present invention also can be used for reducing the near-sighted risk that these adults look nearly reading.
Because the teenager uses maximum reading, writing materials when closely regarding industry as be textbook, homework book, exercise-book or the book that writes.Therefore, the method according to this invention can be with literal or vertical textbook, textbook and homework book, the writing notebook of setting type of format write, as textbook, textbook and homework book, the writing notebook use of the pre-myopia prevention of student.Even have more books to use the country that vertically sets type like this in Japan at present, its student textbook also is laterally to set type.Adopt the textbook and the writing notebook of vertically setting type not only can reduce the risk of myopia of student, and can make the people just get used to reading method longitudinally, thereby help to change the spread path that ideographic language is set type, make it more to meet the vision physiological requirement from little.
Yet,, though use vertical type-setting mode also can implement method of the present invention, can make and read the difficulty that becomes, even be difficult to accept for the reading content that mainly is alphabetic literal.For this reason, the present invention proposes to adopt printing, the display packing of the type-setting mode that the horizontally-arranged weak point is gone in vertical many subfields, the hurdle in the page, as used printing material, another printing of display, the display packing of the pre-myopia prevention method of the present invention, the guiding eye reduces the horizontal pan width when reading (or writing).For example, the 10 centimetres wide character pages are divided into two vertical layouts of a page without columns, each layout of a page without columns is wide 4.5 centimetres, spaced apart 1 centimetre of hurdle.Literal is transversely arranged in the hurdle, only 4.5 centimetres of line width.When this moment, the eye normotopia was watched each layout of a page without columns attentively, the sight line that causes the maximum deviation center of eyes sighting distance difference is laterally swept only 2.25 centimetres of width, than the page not subfield can reduce by more than 50, sighting distance difference between two can reduce greatly, can reduce the risk of the caused myopia of control lag error that causes because of eyes sighting distance difference effectively, thereby adopt the not reading material of the common type-setting mode of subfield of the page, can effectively reduce and read the risk that causes myopia.Similarly, can with page division 3 subfields.The page that is divided into 3 hurdles even 16 of broad is opened the page, causes that the off-centered maximum transversal pan width of eyes sighting distance difference also can be reduced to below 3 centimetres.Many subfields of the present invention are meant vertical subfield of the character page, can be the layouts of a page without columns on the page, also can be the non-layouts of a page without columns, are about to the character page and are divided into two or more parts up and down, and each part is provided with vertical layout of a page without columns.
In addition, also can adopt mixed composition mode with the mode combination of short row horizontally-arranged in the vertical many subfields, hurdle in above-mentioned vertical composing and the page or leaf.For example, the part of the page adopts vertically and sets type, and a part adopts laterally and sets type; A side about vertical composing part occupies, and laterally set type when occupying opposite side portion, because the part of vertically setting type has reduced the width of the residue page, the part of laterally setting type also can no longer be divided vertical hurdle.