Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments of the application are only some embodiments, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive effort, based on the embodiments provided by the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.
Reference in the specification to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate explicitly and implicitly that the described embodiments of the application may be combined with other embodiments.
The terms first, second and the like in the description and in the claims and in the above-described figures are used for distinguishing between different objects and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, an assembly or device incorporating one or more components is not limited to the listed one or more components, but may alternatively include one or more components not listed but inherent to the illustrated product, or one or more components that may be present based on the illustrated functionality.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 1000 according to an embodiment of the application. The electronic device 1000 includes, but is not limited to, a device having a communication function such as a mobile phone, tablet computer, notebook computer, wearable device, unmanned aerial vehicle, robot, digital camera, etc. The embodiment of the application is illustrated by taking a mobile phone as an example, and other electronic devices can refer to the embodiment.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a partially exploded schematic illustration of an electronic device 1000. The electronic device 1000 includes an antenna assembly 100, and the operating environment of the antenna assembly 100 is illustrated by taking the electronic device 1000 as a mobile phone. The electronic apparatus 1000 includes a display screen 200, a center 300, and a rear cover 400, which are sequentially disposed in the thickness direction. The middle frame 300 includes a middle plate 310 and a frame 320 surrounding the middle plate 310. Bezel 320 may be a conductive bezel. Of course, in other embodiments, the electronic device 1000 may not have the midplane 310. The display 200, the middle plate 310 and the rear cover 400 are sequentially stacked, and an accommodating space is formed between the display 200 and the middle plate 310 and between the middle plate 310 and the rear cover 400 to accommodate devices such as the main board 600, the camera module, the receiver module, the battery 700, and various sensors. One side of the frame 320 is surrounded on the edge of the display screen 200, and the other side of the frame 320 is surrounded on the edge of the rear cover 400, so as to form a complete appearance structure of the electronic device 1000. In the embodiment, the frame 320 and the middle plate 310 are integrally formed, and the frame 320 and the rear cover 400 may be separate structures, which is the working environment of the antenna assembly 100 for example, but the antenna assembly 100 of the present application is not limited to the working environment.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a back view of the electronic device 1000. The frame 320 includes a top side 321, a bottom side 322, and a first side 323 and a second side 324 connected to the top side 321 and the bottom side 322. Wherein the top edge 321 is the side far away from the ground when the user holds the electronic device 1000 with the vertical screen, and the bottom edge 322 is the side facing the ground when the user holds the electronic device 1000 with the vertical screen. The first side 323 is the left side of the electronic device 1000 when the user holds the electronic device and erects the screen. The second side 324 is the right side of the electronic device 1000 when held by a user and when the display is in use. Of course, the first side 323 may also be the right side of the electronic device 1000 when the user holds the electronic device. The second side 324 is the left side of the electronic device 1000 when held by a user.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, the electronic device 1000 includes a reference floor 500. The rim 320 is disposed around the periphery of the reference floor 500. The reference floor 500 is provided within the bezel 320. The reference floor 500 is generally rectangular in shape. Because devices are arranged in the mobile phone or other structures are avoided as required, various grooves, holes and the like are formed in the reference floor 500 of the reference floor 500. The reference floor 500 includes, but is not limited to, a metal alloy portion that is the midplane 310 and a reference ground metal portion of a circuit board (including the motherboard 600 and the daughter board). In general, the reference ground system in the electronic device 1000 may be equivalently a generally rectangular shape, and is therefore referred to as the reference floor 500. The reference floor 500 does not indicate that the shape of the reference ground is plate-shaped and is a rectangular plate.
Referring to fig. 3, the reference floor 500 includes a first floor edge 511, a second floor edge 512, a third floor edge 513, and a fourth floor edge 514 connected in sequence. The first floor edge 511 is opposite to and spaced apart from the top edge 321, and the second floor edge 512 is opposite to and spaced apart from the first side edge 323. The third floor edge 513 is opposite to and spaced apart from the bottom edge 322, and the fourth floor edge 514 is opposite to and spaced apart from the second side edge 324.
Optionally, the length of the first floor edge 511 is similar or equal to the length of the third floor edge 513. The length of the second floor edge 512 is similar or equal to the length of the fourth floor edge 514. The first and third floor edges 511, 513 are short sides of the reference floor 500. The second and fourth floor edges 512, 514 are long edges of the reference floor 500.
The specific structure of the antenna assembly 100 is illustrated in the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 3, the antenna assembly 100 includes a radiator 10 and a signal source 20.
The material of the first radiator 10 is not particularly limited in the present application. Optionally, the material of the first radiator 10 is a conductive material, including but not limited to a conductive material such as a metal, an alloy, and the like. The shape of the first radiator 10 is not particularly limited in the present application. For example, the shape of the first radiator 10 includes, but is not limited to, a bar shape, a sheet shape, a rod shape, a coating shape, a film shape, and the like. The first radiator 10 shown in fig. 3 is only an example and does not limit the shape of the first radiator 10 provided by the present application. In this embodiment, the first radiators 10 are all in the shape of a strip. The present application is not limited to the extending trace of the first radiator 10. Alternatively, the first radiator 10 may extend in a straight line, or in a curved line, or in a bend line. The first radiator 10 may be a line with a uniform width on the extending track, or may be a bar with a gradual width change and a widening area, etc.
The form of the first radiator 10 is not particularly limited in the present application. Optionally, the first radiator 10 includes, but is not limited to, a metal frame 320, a metal frame embedded in the plastic frame 320, the metal radiator 10 located in or on the frame 320, a flexible circuit board antenna formed on a flexible circuit board (Flexible Printed Circuit board, FPC), a laser direct Structuring antenna formed by Laser Direct Structuring (LDS), a printed direct Structuring antenna formed by Printing Direct Structuring (PDS) PRINT DIRECT, a conductive patch antenna (e.g., a metal bracket antenna), and the like. In this embodiment, the first radiator 10 is taken as a part of the metal frame 320 of the electronic device 1000 as an example.
Referring to fig. 3, the radiator 10 is disposed on the first side 323. The radiator 10 extends in the same direction as the first side 323. The radiators 10 are spaced along the second floor edge 512.
The satellite communication mode is a communication mode in which the operator holds the electronic device 1000 near the head, and in this mode, because the top edge 321 antenna is located near the head, it is easy to be detuned (frequency offset occurs) due to the influence of the head medium loading, the efficiency is seriously reduced, or satellite signals cannot be transmitted and received. The radiator 10 provided at the first side 323 is relatively far away from the head, for example, the distance from the center of the head is greater than 5cm, and the loading of the head medium has little or no influence on the radiator 10 at the first side 323, so that the antenna assembly 100 provided in the embodiment of the application can work normally in the head-hand satellite communication mode.
In addition, the antenna at the top edge 321 has a risk of super SAR (specific absorption rate of human body) because it is close to the human head in the head-hand satellite call mode. The radiator 10 provided in the embodiment of the present application is located relatively far from the head of the human body, so that the risk of super SAR is reduced.
Optionally, when the number of the antenna assemblies 100 provided in the electronic device 1000 is one, the radiator 10 of the antenna assembly 100 may be disposed on the right side of the rear view of the electronic device 1000, so that an operator has better satellite communication performance in a scenario of carrying out satellite communication by holding the electronic device 1000 with his or her right hand.
Referring to fig. 3, the radiator 10 includes a first free end a, a feeding point B, at least one grounding point C, and a second free end D.
The free end in the present application refers to an end that is disconnected from other conductive parts of the frame 320 by an insulation break and is not electrically connected to the reference floor 500. To ensure structural strength of the bezel 320 of the electronic device 1000. The insulating break is filled with an insulating material.
The ground point C is electrically connected to the reference floor 500. The grounding point C in the present application is a position electrically connected to the reference floor 500. Wherein the electrical connection means includes, but is not limited to, a direct electrical connection or an indirect electrical connection. For example, the grounding point C is grounded back through the grounding spring. As another example, the ground point C of the first radiator 10 is interconnected with a portion of the reference floor 500 as a single body, i.e., by way of physical return.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the first free end a is closer to the top edge 321 than the second free end D. In other embodiments, the second free end D is closer to the top edge 321 than the first free end a.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the first signal source 20 is electrically connected to the feeding point B. The first signal source 20 includes, but is not limited to, a radio frequency transceiver chip, etc. In the embodiment of the present application, the first signal source 20 is disposed on the motherboard 600. The first signal source 20 is electrically connected to the feeding point B, which includes, but is not limited to, an indirect connection via a coaxial line, a conductive spring, or the like. Specifically, the first signal source 20 is electrically connected to the feeding point B through a feeding spring (conductive spring) disposed on the motherboard 600.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the antenna assembly 100 further includes a matching circuit M1. The matching circuit M1 is electrically connected between the first signal source 20 and the feeding point B. The matching circuit M1 and the first signal source 20 may be connected via a coaxial line, and the matching circuit M1 and the feeding point B may be electrically connected via a feeding elastic sheet (conductive elastic sheet). The matching circuit M1 includes at least one of a capacitance and an inductance. The matching circuit M1 facilitates excitation of a resonant mode on the radiator 10 by adjusting the impedance match between the first signal source 20 and the first radiator 10. Further, the matching circuit M1 may further include a matching switch M11 and a plurality of matching branches M12 electrically connected to the matching switch, where the matching switch M11 switches different matching branches M12 to switch the frequency band supported by the first radiator 10 or to switch the impedance matching when different signals (space satellite frequency band or mobile communication frequency band) supported by the first radiator 10 are switched.
The first signal source 20 is configured to excite the radiator 10 and the reference floor 500 to form a first resonant mode supporting a first frequency band. Specifically, the first signal source 20 provides a radio frequency excitation current to excite the radiator 10 to generate a resonance current and form a floor current on the reference floor 500 to form a resonance mode, so as to support a frequency band corresponding to the resonance current.
Optionally, the first frequency band includes, but is not limited to, a space satellite frequency band, a Beidou satellite frequency band, a GPS frequency band, an LB frequency band (less than 1 GHz), an MHB frequency band [1GHz-3 GHz), and a UHB frequency band [3GHz or more.
Referring to fig. 5, the first resonant mode includes forming a 1/2 wavelength mode supporting the first frequency band on the reference floor 500 in a direction parallel to the first floor edge 511 (top edge 321). The main lobe of the antenna assembly 100 in the first resonant mode is directed at least to the side of the top edge 321.
Wherein the main lobe refers to the largest radiation beam in the pattern. The top edge 321 side is within 45 degrees of the Y-axis direction.
Specifically, the electrical length of the reference floor 500 in a direction parallel to the first floor edge 511 is close to 1/2 wavelength of the center frequency point of the first frequency band. The approach described herein is to float up and down by 1/10 wavelength.
The electrical length described in the present application may satisfy the following formula:
Where L is the physical length. a is the transmission time of an electrical or electromagnetic signal in the medium. b is the transmission time in the free scene.
Referring to fig. 5, in the first resonant mode, the signal source 20 and the radiator 10 are equivalent to an exciter, and excite the reference floor 500 to form a resonant mode, and the resonant current of the resonant mode is a first floor current I1, where the first floor current I1 mainly includes a 1/2 wavelength current supporting the first frequency band formed along a direction parallel to the first floor edge 511.
At this time, referring to fig. 5, the reference floor 500 is similar to a dipole antenna, and because the length direction of the reference floor 500 is longer, the reference floor 500 is formed with radiating energy toward the top edge 321 and the bottom edge 322, so that the main lobe (e.g. Q1 in fig. 5) of the antenna assembly 100 in the direction diagram in the first resonant mode is at least directed to the top edge 321 side, so that the electronic device 1000 and the remote device on the top are connected to establish a signal connection when the antenna assembly 100 operates in the satellite frequency band or the GPS frequency band, and the antenna performance of the antenna assembly 100 radiating toward the top edge 321 (upward) is improved.
According to the electronic device 1000 provided by the embodiment of the application, the radiator 10 is arranged on the first side 323, the radiator 10 is arranged at intervals along the second floor 512, the radiator 10 comprises the first free end A, the feed point B, at least one grounding point C and the second free end D, the grounding point C is electrically connected with the reference floor 500, the signal source 20 is electrically connected with the feed point B, the signal source 20 is used for exciting the radiator 10 and the reference floor 500 to jointly form a first resonance mode supporting a first frequency band and form a second resonance mode supporting a second frequency band, the first resonance mode comprises a 1/2 wavelength mode supporting the first frequency band, which is formed on the reference floor 500 in a direction parallel to the first floor 511, a main lobe in a direction diagram of the antenna assembly 100 in the first resonance mode is at least directed to the side of the top 321, the antenna performance of the antenna assembly 100 radiating towards the top 321 (upwards) is improved, and the electronic device 1000 is convenient to establish signal connection with a top remote device when the antenna assembly 100 works in a satellite frequency band or a GPS frequency band.
The signal source 20 is also arranged to excite the radiator 10 to form a second resonance mode supporting a second frequency band.
Referring to fig. 6, the second resonance mode includes forming a 1/2 wavelength mode supporting the second frequency band on the radiator 10. The main lobe (e.g., Q2 in fig. 6) of the antenna assembly 100 in the second resonant mode is directed at least toward the first side 323. The first side 323 side is within 45 ° of the-X axis direction.
Specifically, the electrical length of the radiator 10 is close to 1/2 wavelength of the center frequency point of the second frequency band, so that the radiator 10 is promoted to form a resonant current I2 supporting the 1/2 wavelength mode of the second frequency band under the excitation of the first signal source 20. The current in the second resonant mode on the radiator 10 flows from one end of the radiator 10 to the other, with substantially no ground current. The second floor edge 512 of the reference floor 500 is formed with an electric current that is anti-parallel to the radiator 10, and the reference floor 500 now reflects the energy radiation, so that the antenna assembly 100 is directed in a second resonant mode in a direction that includes a direction toward the first side 323 side.
In other words, the antenna assembly 100 provided in the embodiment of the application can form a pattern radiating toward the top edge 321, and can also form a pattern radiating toward the first side 323, so as to realize pattern reconstruction, when a signal connection is established, the radiation direction can be adjusted when the position of the electronic device 1000 is not moved through switching of the pattern, so that the signal connection can be quickly realized, and in addition, a pattern radiating toward the top edge 321 and the first side 323 can also be formed, so that the radiation range of the pattern is larger, and after the signal connection is established between the electronic device 1000 and a remote device, the signal connection stability can be ensured when the azimuth of the electronic device 1000 moves within a certain range.
According to the electronic device 1000 provided by the embodiment of the application, the radiator 10 is arranged at the first side 323, the radiator 10 is arranged at intervals along the second floor 512, the radiator 10 comprises a first free end A, a feed point B, at least one grounding point C and a second free end D, the grounding point C is electrically connected with the reference floor 500, the signal source 20 is electrically connected with the feed point B, the signal source 20 is used for exciting the radiator 10 and the reference floor 500 to jointly form a first resonance mode supporting a first frequency band and form a second resonance mode supporting a second frequency band, the first resonance mode comprises forming a 1/2 wavelength mode supporting the first frequency band in a direction parallel to the first floor 511 on the reference floor 500, a main lobe in a direction diagram of the antenna assembly 100 in the first resonance mode is at least directed to the top side 321, the main lobe in the direction diagram of the antenna assembly 100 in the second resonance mode is at least directed to the first side 323, and thus the direction diagram of the electronic device 1000 can be directed to the top side 321 and/or the first side 323, and signal stability is enhanced.
Optionally, the center frequency point of the first frequency band is different from the center frequency point of the second frequency band. In this embodiment, the center frequency point of the first frequency band is smaller than the center frequency point of the second frequency band. In other embodiments, the center frequency point of the first frequency band is greater than the center frequency point of the second frequency band.
Referring to fig. 5, the first resonant mode forms a sub-resonant mode supporting the first frequency band on the radiator 10.
The distance between the first free end A and the grounding point C is close to 1/4 wavelength of the central frequency point of the first frequency band, so that the sub-resonance mode forms a 1/4 wavelength mode supporting the first frequency band between the first free end A and the grounding point C.
When the number of the grounding points C is two or more, the distance between the first free end A and the nearest grounding point C is close to 1/4 wavelength of the central frequency point of the first frequency band.
Referring to fig. 5, the resonant current path of the sub-resonant mode includes a flow from the first free end a and the second free end D to the ground point C.
The current path of the resonant current supporting the 1/2 wavelength mode of the first frequency band (i.e., the first floor current I1) on the reference floor 500 includes flowing from the ground point C to the second side 324 in a direction parallel to the first floor edge 511.
Due to the periodicity of the currents, the resonant current paths of the sub-resonant modes may be reversed, i.e. from the ground point C to the first free end a and the second free end D, while the direction of the first floor current I1 is reversed, i.e. from the second side 324 towards the ground point C in a direction parallel to the first floor edge 511.
The size and the relative relation of the first frequency band and the second frequency band are not particularly limited, and are exemplified by the following embodiments.
Optionally, the first frequency band and the second frequency band form a continuous frequency band. The continuous band means that the return loss of the first band and the second band are both below a reference value (e.g., -5 dB). The antenna assembly 100 has a high impedance match in the continuous frequency band, and thus has a high efficiency. The continuous frequency band covers the space-time satellite frequency band, and as such, the antenna assembly 100 may support the space-time satellite frequency band.
Specifically, the working frequency band of the space satellite is 1.98 GHz-2.2 GHz. For example, the center frequency point of the first frequency band is 1.9GHz. The center frequency point of the second frequency band is 2.1GHz. The first frequency band and the second frequency band form a continuous frequency band (for example, 1.85 GHz-2.2 GHz) which can cover the space satellite frequency band.
When the antenna assembly 100 supports the satellite communication band, the radiator 10 is disposed on the first side 323, and in the satellite communication scene of the human head and the hand, the radiator 10 is relatively far away from the head of the human body, so that the radiator 10 is less affected by the loading of the head medium, and the SAR risk is reduced. In addition, in the satellite communication scenario of the human head and the hand, the electronic device 1000 is tilted, the top side 321 and the first side 323 of the electronic device 1000 face to the satellite device in the far air, and the pattern of the antenna assembly 100 faces to the side of the top side 321 and/or the side of the first side 323, so that the antenna assembly can be effectively connected with the satellite device in the far air and ensure the stability of signal connection.
Optionally, the first frequency band and the second frequency band are set at intervals. The first frequency band is used for covering a transmitting frequency band (1.612-1.621 GHz) of the Beidou satellite frequency band, and the second frequency band is used for covering a receiving frequency band (2.487-2.497 GHz) of the Beidou satellite frequency band.
In this embodiment, the first frequency band is designed to cover the transmitting frequency band of the beidou satellite frequency band, and the second frequency band is designed to cover the receiving frequency band of the beidou satellite frequency band, so that the antenna assembly 100 can work in the beidou satellite frequency band.
When the antenna assembly 100 supports the beidou satellite frequency band, the radiator 10 is arranged on the first side 323, and under the human head-hand satellite communication scene, the radiator 10 is relatively far away from the head of a human body, so that the radiator 10 is less affected by head medium loading, and SAR risk is reduced. In addition, in the satellite communication scenario of the human head and the hand, the electronic device 1000 is tilted, the top side 321 and the first side 323 of the electronic device 1000 face to the satellite device in the far air, and the pattern of the antenna assembly 100 faces to the side of the top side 321 and/or the side of the first side 323, so that the antenna assembly can be effectively connected with the satellite device in the far air and ensure the stability of signal connection.
Optionally, referring to fig. 7, the antenna assembly 100 further includes a first tuning circuit T1 and a second tuning circuit T2. One end of the first tuning circuit T1 is electrically connected between the grounding point C and the first free end a, and the other end of the first tuning circuit T1 is grounded. Optionally, the first tuning circuit T1 is electrically connected to the first feeding point B. Of course, in other embodiments, the first tuning circuit T1 is electrically connected between the first feeding point B and the first free end a. The first tuning circuit T1 is configured to tune a size of the first frequency band.
Further, the first tuning circuit T1 is an impedance-adjustable circuit, or an antenna switching circuit.
Optionally, the first tuning circuit T1 includes an antenna switch and/or an adjustable capacitor.
In a first embodiment of the first tuning circuit T1, referring to fig. 8, the first tuning circuit T1 further includes a first switch K1 and a plurality of first tuning branches T11. One end of the first switch K1 is electrically connected to the radiator 10, and one ends of the plurality of first tuning branches T11 are all electrically connected to the other end of the first switch K1. The other ends of the first tuning branches T11 are grounded.
The impedance value of each of the first tuning branches T11 is different. For example, the plurality of first tuning branches T11 are a plurality of capacitance devices with different capacitance values, or the plurality of first tuning branches T11 are a plurality of inductance devices with different inductance values, or the plurality of first tuning branches T11 include a plurality of capacitance devices with different capacitance values and a plurality of inductance devices with different inductance values. The first switch K1 is electrically connected to different devices to adjust the equivalent electrical length of the first radiator 10 and the first tuning branch T11, thereby switching the size of the first frequency band supported.
In a second embodiment of the first tuning circuit T1, the first tuning circuit T1 comprises an adjustable capacitance. One end of the adjustable capacitor is electrically connected with the radiator 10, and the other end of the adjustable capacitor is grounded. The size of the adjustable capacitor is adjustable and is used for switching the size of the first frequency band supported by the adjustable capacitor. The adjustable capacitor is a capacitor with an adjustable capacitance value, so that the impedance value of the first tuning circuit T1 is adjustable by adjusting the capacitance value of the capacitor, and the effective electric lengths of the radiator 10 and the first tuning circuit T1 are adjusted, so that the size of the supported first frequency band is switched.
Of course, the first tuning circuit T1 may also be a combination of the first and second embodiments described above, for example, the first tuning branch T11 includes the tunable capacitor.
Referring to fig. 8, one end of the second tuning circuit T2 is electrically connected between the ground point C and the second free end D, and the other end of the second tuning circuit T2 is grounded. The second tuning circuit T2 is configured to tune the size of the second frequency band. The second tuning circuit T2 includes a second switch K2 and a second tuning branch T21. The specific structure of the second tuning circuit T2 may refer to the specific structure in the first tuning circuit T1.
In this embodiment, the first tuning circuit T1 and the second tuning circuit T2 are configured to enable the first frequency band and the second frequency band to be adjustable, so as to enable the frequency band supported by the antenna assembly 100 to be switchable, for example, the antenna assembly 100 is compatible with and supports the space satellite frequency band and the beidou satellite frequency band.
The electrical length between the first free end a and the first ground point C is close to 1/4 wavelength of the transmitting frequency band of the space satellite frequency band. The electrical length between the first free end a and the second free end D is close to 1/2 wavelength of the receiving frequency band of the space satellite frequency band. The first matching circuit is set to be a transmitting frequency band of the space-time satellite frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band of the space-time satellite frequency band.
Referring to fig. 9, when the first tuning circuit T1 and the second tuning circuit T2 are both configured to be turned off from the radiator 10, i.e. the first switch disconnects the electrical connection between the first tuning branch and the radiator 10, the second switch disconnects the electrical connection between the second tuning branch and the radiator 10, and the first frequency band and the second frequency band form a continuous frequency band and cover the space satellite frequency band.
Further, referring to fig. 10, when the first tuning circuit T1 is configured to be electrically connected to the ground capacitor C0 of the radiator 10, the first frequency band supports a transmitting frequency band of the beidou satellite frequency band. The first switch K1 is switched to be electrically connected between the first tuning branch T11, which is the ground capacitor C0, and the radiator 10, at this time, a capacitor is formed on the radiator 10, so that the first frequency band supported by the radiator 10 is shifted toward the low frequency. The ground capacitor C0 of the first tuning branch T11 is designed to tune the satellite frequency band (1980 MHz-2100 MHz) of the cover space satellite to the satellite frequency band (1.612-1.621 GHz) of the cover Beidou.
Referring to fig. 10, when the second tuning circuit T2 is configured to be electrically connected to the ground inductor L0 of the radiator 10, the second frequency band supports the transmitting frequency band of the beidou satellite frequency band. The second switch K2 is switched to be electrically connected between the second tuning branch T21 of the grounding inductor L0 and the radiator 10, and at this time, a parallel inductor is formed between the grounding point C of the radiator 10 and the second free end D, so that the second frequency band supported by the radiator 10 is shifted towards high frequency. The size of the grounding inductance L0 of the second tuning branch T21 is designed to tune the coverage space satellite frequency band (2100 MHz-2200 MHz) to the coverage Beidou satellite frequency band (2.487-2.497 GHz).
In this embodiment, the antenna assembly 100 is switched from the space satellite frequency band to the beidou satellite frequency band by switching to the parallel capacitance between the first free end a and the ground point C and switching to the parallel inductance between the second free end D and the ground point C. Of course, switching of the antenna assembly 100 from the Beidou satellite frequency band to the space satellite frequency band may also be implemented.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode are orthogonal modes. Specifically, the first resonant mode forms a first floor current I1 on the reference floor 500 parallel to the first floor edge 511 (top edge 321), and the second resonant mode forms a first resonant current I2 on the radiator 10 parallel to the second floor edge 512. The extending direction of the first floor edge 511 is orthogonal to the extending direction of the second floor edge 512. Therefore, the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode form an orthogonal mode, and the radiation direction of the antenna assembly 100 in the first resonant mode is different from the radiation direction of the antenna assembly 100 in the second resonant mode (for example, the radiation direction is mainly directed to the top edge 321 and mainly directed to the first side 323), so as to implement the pattern reconstruction.
Optionally, when the ratio between the center frequency point of the second frequency band and the center frequency point of the first frequency band is 1.01-1.1, a double degenerate mode is formed at the target frequency band in the first resonance mode and the second resonance mode. Since the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode are orthogonal modes. The double degenerate modes are orthogonal at the target frequency band, the phase difference is close to 90 degrees, and the amplitude is close to the phase difference, so that a circular polarization mode is formed. The center frequency point of the target frequency band is located between the center frequency point of the first frequency band and the center frequency point of the second frequency band, and the target frequency band belongs to a continuous frequency band formed by the first frequency band and the second frequency band. Further, the center frequency point of the target frequency band is located at a center point between the center frequency point of the first frequency band and the center frequency point of the second frequency band. Thus, the target frequency band in the continuous frequency band formed by the first frequency band and the second frequency band is a signal frequency band transmitted in a circular polarized wave mode. The target frequency band includes, but is not limited to, a coverage GPS frequency band, or a Beidou satellite frequency band, or a space-time satellite frequency band.
By designing the ratio between the center frequency point of the second frequency band and the center frequency point of the first frequency band to be 1.01-1.1, a target frequency band with impedance smaller than a preset impedance value can be formed between the first frequency band and the second frequency band, wherein the preset impedance value is, for example, an impedance value when callback loss is-6 dB, -7dB, -8dB, and the like.
When the ratio of two frequency points of the double degenerate mode is 1.01:1.1 and the two resonance components of the double degenerate mode are orthogonal, the double degenerate mode can form two orthogonal circular polarization components. For example, the axial ratio at the target frequency point between the two frequency points of the double degenerate mode is also low, for example, less than 3dB, so that the impedance bands (target frequency bands) of the first resonance mode and the second resonance mode have a high correspondence with the axial ratio band. The impedance frequency band is a target frequency band with impedance smaller than a preset impedance value, and the axial ratio frequency band is a frequency band with axial ratio smaller than 10dB. Alternatively, the axial ratio band may completely cover the impedance band, i.e. the axial ratio of the target frequency band is less than 10dB. Since the axial ratio of the target frequency band is 10dB smaller, the target frequency band formed by the first frequency band and the second frequency band can work in a circular polarized wave mode.
Optionally, referring to fig. 11, the matching circuit M1 includes a matching switch M11 and a plurality of matching branches M12. One end of the matching switch M11 is electrically connected to the feeding point B, one end of the matching branch M12 is electrically connected to the other end of the matching switch M11, and the other end of the matching branch M12 is electrically connected to the reference floor 500 and the signal source 20. The matching circuit M1 is configured to tune the operation mode of the antenna assembly 100 to the first resonance mode, the second resonance mode, or the circularly polarized mode.
Specifically, when the matching circuit M1 switches the operating frequency point of the antenna assembly 100 to be at or near the center frequency point of the first frequency band, the operating mode of the antenna assembly 100 is mainly the first resonant mode, and the directional diagram is mainly the directional diagram radiating toward the top edge 321, so as to be convenient for signal connection with satellite equipment and the like mainly through the top edge 321 radiation.
When the matching circuit M1 switches the operating frequency point of the antenna assembly 100 to be at or near the center frequency point of the second frequency band, the operating mode of the antenna assembly 100 is mainly the second resonant mode, and the directional diagram is mainly the directional diagram radiating toward the first side 323, so as to be convenient for signal connection with satellite equipment and the like mainly through the radiation of the first side 323.
When the matching circuit M1 switches the working frequency point of the antenna assembly 100 near the center point between the center frequency point of the first frequency band and the center frequency point of the second frequency band (i.e., the center frequency point of the target frequency band), the working mode of the antenna assembly 100 includes the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode at the same time, and by designing the ratio between the center frequency point of the second frequency band and the center frequency point of the first frequency band to be 1.01-1.1, the working mode of the antenna assembly 100 is the circular polarization mode, the circular polarization gain is increased, and the signal quality of the satellite frequency band and the GPS frequency band is improved.
In this embodiment, the matching switch M11 is controlled to switch the matching branch M12, so as to switch the operating frequency point of the antenna assembly 100, and further switch the operating mode of the antenna assembly 100.
When the radiator 10 is disposed on the left-hand side frame of the back view of the electronic device 1000, and the electronic device 1000 is in a left-hand call scene, the radiator 10 on the left-hand side frame is located on a side facing the satellite device in the air, which has better satellite communication performance.
When the radiator 10 is disposed on the right-hand side frame of the back view of the electronic device 1000 and the electronic device 1000 is in a right-hand call scene, the radiator 10 on the right-hand side frame is located on the side facing the satellite device in the air, and has better satellite communication performance.
Alternatively, referring to fig. 12, the number of the antenna assemblies 100 is two. The two antenna elements 100 are a first antenna element 100a and a second antenna element 100b. The radiator 10 of the first antenna assembly 100a and the radiator 10 of the second antenna assembly 100b are respectively disposed on the first side 323 and the second side 324.
Referring to fig. 12, the electronic device 1000 further includes a switch unit 40. The switching unit 40 electrically connects the first antenna assembly 100a and the second antenna assembly 100b. The switching unit 40 is used for controlling the first antenna assembly 100a or the second antenna assembly 100b to operate according to the signal intensity of the first antenna assembly 100a or the second antenna assembly 100b or according to the gesture of the electronic device 1000.
Specifically, when the operator holds the electronic device 1000 for satellite communication, the sensor (attitude sensor, gyroscope, etc.) in the electronic device 1000 detects that the attitude of the electronic device 1000 is that the top side 321 and the first side 323 deviate from the ground and face the aerial satellite device, the sensor in the electronic device 1000 feeds back to the controller, and the controller controls the conduction path of the switch unit 40 according to the feedback signal, so as to further control the first antenna assembly 100a of the radiator 10 disposed on the first side 323 to work in the satellite communication frequency band, and further realize that the pattern of the electronic device 1000 faces the aerial satellite device.
When an operator holds the electronic device 1000 for satellite communication, a sensor (an attitude sensor, a gyroscope, etc.) in the electronic device 1000 detects that the attitude of the electronic device 1000 is that the top side 321 and the second side 324 deviate from the ground and face the aerial satellite device, the sensor in the electronic device 1000 feeds back to the controller, and the controller controls the conduction path of the switch unit 40 according to the feedback signal, so as to control the second antenna assembly 100b of the radiator 10 arranged on the second side 324 to work in a satellite communication frequency band, and further realize that the directional diagram of the electronic device 1000 faces the aerial satellite device.
The controller of the electronic device 1000 controls the switch unit 40 to switch the first antenna assembly 100a or the second antenna assembly 100b to operate according to the signal strength currently received by the antenna assembly 100 being compared with the preset strength threshold, and the signal strength received by the antenna assembly 100 being smaller than the preset strength threshold, so as to ensure that the electronic device 1000 and the satellite device are well connected.
In other words, when the electronic device 1000 is in the left-hand conversation scenario, the switching unit 40 switches to the radiator 10 on the left-hand side frame of the back view of the electronic device 1000 to operate, and the radiator 10 on the left-hand side frame is located on the side facing the satellite device in the air, which has better satellite communication performance.
When the electronic device 1000 is in the right-hand conversation scenario, the switching unit 40 switches to the radiator 10 on the right-hand side frame of the back view of the electronic device 1000 to work, and the radiator 10 on the right-hand side frame is located on the side facing the satellite device in the air, which has better satellite communication performance.
The above can realize good communication of the electronic device 1000 when the left and right hand electronic devices 1000 perform satellite communication.
Still alternatively, referring to fig. 13, at least one of the grounding points C includes a first grounding point C1 and a second grounding point C2.
Referring to fig. 13, the first free end a is L-shaped with the first grounding point C1. The second free end D is L-shaped with the second grounding point C2. The first grounding point C1 is close to the second grounding point C2, the first grounding point C1 and the second grounding point C2 correspond to the maximum current point, and the magnetic field corresponding to the maximum current point is the maximum, so the structure is a magnetic field matching structure.
Referring to fig. 13 and 14, the distance between the first ground point C1 and the second ground point C2 is smaller than 1/10 wavelength of the first frequency band, and the first ground point C1 and the second ground point C2 are both strong current points in the first resonance mode so as to form a magnetic field-magnetic field coupling between the first ground point C1 and the second ground point C2. The first grounding point C1 and the second grounding point C2 are electrically disconnected or electrically connected. At this time, the radiator 10 may be regarded as a magnetic field-magnetic field combination formed by IFA dendrite+l dendrite so as to form a resonant current distribution of the first and second resonant modes.
Referring to fig. 15, the position of the radiator 10 at the first side 323 is not particularly limited, and optionally, the distance between the grounding point C and the central axis of the reference floor 500 parallel to the first floor 511 is less than 1/4 wavelength (within the range L in fig. 15), that is, the grounding point C of the radiator 10 is near the middle position of the first side 323. By setting the grounding point C of the radiator 10 close to the middle position of the first side 323, the radiator 10 is far away from the head of the human body as far as possible in the state of talking between the head and the hand of the user, so as to reduce the influence of the loading of the head on the efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 and reduce the SAR risk. Further, by arranging the grounding point C of the radiator 10 parallel to the central axis of the first floor edge 511 and before the top edge 321 relative to the reference floor 500, the radiator 10 is biased toward the upper half of the first side edge 323, so as to avoid the problem that the free end (e.g., the second free end D) of the electronic device 1000 near the bottom edge 322 is held by the hand in the handheld state, and thus signals are blocked.
Optionally, referring to fig. 3, the first ground point C1 and the second ground point C2 are electrically connected. Between the first ground point C1 and the second ground point C2 is a high magnetic boundary forming an electrical wall. At this time, the first grounding point C1 and the second grounding point C2 can be combined into one grounding point C. The ground point C is located near the center point of the radiator 10, and the radiator 10 is a T antenna.
Referring to fig. 3, taking the radiator 10 as a T antenna as an example, the feeding point B may be located between the first free end a and the ground point C, or between the second free end D and the ground point C. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the signal source 20 excites the radiator 10 to form a first resonant mode and a second resonant mode.
Referring to fig. 16, fig. 16 is a plot of S-parameters of a first resonant mode and a second resonant mode formed by exciting a radiator 10 by a signal source 20 according to an embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the first frequency band and the second frequency band form a continuous frequency band, and the antenna assembly 100 forms a wideband antenna covering 1.85 ghz-2.2 ghz, including a space satellite frequency band operating at 1.98 ghz-2.2 ghz.
In fig. 16, the working mode at the resonance point 1 is mainly a first resonance mode a, the working mode at the resonance point 2 is mainly the first resonance mode a, the second resonance mode b is auxiliary, the working mode at the resonance point 4 comprises the first resonance mode a and the second resonance mode b, the frequency ratio between the resonance point 1 and the resonance point 3 is designed to be 1.01-1.1, and two modes near the position of the resonance point 4 form a circular polarization mode c which is orthogonal, has a phase difference of approximately 90 degrees and has an approximate amplitude. The operation mode at the resonance point 3 is mainly the second resonance mode b, the first resonance mode a is auxiliary, and the operation mode at the resonance point 5 is mainly the second resonance mode b. Wherein the resonance points 1, 2 are linear polarization modes, and the resonance points 3, 5 are linear polarization modes. The resonance point 4 may be a circularly polarized mode c.
Referring to fig. 11, by setting the positions of the resonant points of the matching switch M11 and the matching branch M12 in the matching circuit M1, the switching from the linear polarization mode to the circular polarization mode and the switching of the direction of the pattern can be realized, so as to realize the reconstruction of the pattern.
Referring to fig. 17, fig. 17 is a graph showing radiation efficiency and total efficiency of a first resonant mode and a second resonant mode formed by exciting a radiator 10 by a signal source 20 according to an embodiment of the present application. Under the condition of complete machine environment (clearance 0.8mm, antenna thickness 3.6 mm), the relative efficiency bandwidth of the antenna assembly 100 reaches 15% by taking return loss as-4 dB as a reference line, wherein the relative efficiency is (maximum frequency point-minimum frequency point)/a central frequency point between the maximum frequency point and the minimum frequency point.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the first resonant mode excites a half-wavelength current (transverse current) formed in the direction of the first ground edge 511 on the reference floor 500, a current flowing reversely to the ground is formed on the radiator 10, the currents of the first free end a and the second free end D are weakest, the current of the ground point C is strongest, and the reference floor 500 is approximately a transverse half-wavelength dipole antenna. The current of the second resonant mode is mainly concentrated on the radiator 10, and the same-directional half-wavelength current and the longitudinal half-wavelength dipole antenna are formed on the radiator 10. In other words, the reference floor 500 forms a pair of dipole antennas disposed orthogonally to the radiator 10.
Referring to fig. 18, fig. 18 is a left-hand circular polarization pattern of a first resonant mode formed by exciting a radiator 10 by a signal source 20 according to an embodiment of the present application. When the electronic device 1000 works in the space satellite frequency band, communication is mainly performed through left-hand circularly polarized waves. In the first resonant mode, the reference floor 500 is primarily radiating, and the reference floor 500 is approximately a transverse half-wavelength dipole antenna, so that the two main lobes of the antenna assembly 100 are oriented toward the top side 321 and toward the bottom side 322.
Referring to fig. 19, fig. 19 is a left-hand circular polarization pattern of a second resonant mode formed by exciting a radiator 10 by a signal source 20 according to an embodiment of the present application. In the second resonant mode, the radiator 10 forms a longitudinal half-wavelength dipole antenna, the reference floor 500 forms a reverse current parallel to the radiator 10, and the reference floor 500 reflects, so that the main lobe of the antenna assembly 100 faces the first side 323.
Optionally, the main lobe of the antenna assembly 100 in the second resonant mode in the directivity pattern covers an angle θ of greater than 180 ° in a direction around parallel to the second floor edge 512 (first side edge 323). Specifically, in the second resonant mode, the reference floor 500 forms a second floor current parallel to the radiator 10 along the direction of the second floor edge 512, and thus, the reference floor 500 reflects the radiation direction of the radiator 10, and since the thickness direction dimension of the reference floor 500 is much smaller than the length direction dimension of the reference floor 500 and the width direction dimension of the reference floor 500 is smaller than the length direction of the reference floor 500, the angle θ covered by the antenna assembly 100 in the second resonant mode in the direction around the second floor edge 512 by the reflection of the reference floor 500 by the reference floor 500 is greater than or equal to 180 °, for example, specific angles including, but not limited to, 200 °, 210 °, 220 °, 230 °, 240 °, 250 °, 260 °, 270 °, 300 °, etc.
The radiation direction of the antenna assembly 100 in the second resonant mode is mainly toward the first side 323, and further includes a direction in which a portion is biased toward the first side 323 toward the rear cover 400, and a direction in which a portion is biased toward the first side 323 toward the display screen 200. In this way, when the antenna assembly 100 works in the second resonant mode to perform satellite communication, the direction of the operator can rotate within a certain range without interrupting the satellite communication, so that the operator in satellite communication can move and rotate within a certain range, and good satellite signal connection can be maintained.
Referring to fig. 20, fig. 20 is a left-hand circularly polarized 3D pattern of the electronic device 1000 in a human head-hand scene according to an embodiment of the present application. The left-hand circular polarization pattern of the electronic device 1000 in the human head hand scene is biased to the top edge 321 side, has a larger coverage area, is used for signal connection corresponding to the satellite device at the top, and can maintain good signal connection even if an operator changes a larger direction.
Referring to fig. 21, fig. 21 is a left-hand circularly polarized 2D pattern of an antenna assembly 100 in an electronic device 1000 according to an embodiment of the present application operating in the space-through transmission band. Referring to fig. 22, fig. 22 is a left-hand circularly polarized 2D pattern of the antenna assembly 100 in the electronic device 1000 according to the embodiment of the application operating in the antenna receiving frequency band.
And Theta is a pitch angle, and theta=0 to 90 degrees is an upper hemispherical direction. phi is the horizontal plane direction. It can be seen that theta=0 to 30 °, phi=0 to 90 ° and phi=210 to 360 ° have better gains. The antenna assembly 100 of the electronic device 1000 is illustrated as having a relatively high occupancy in the upper hemisphere operating in the space-borne satellite frequency band. In the head-hand conversation scenario, the electronic device 1000 rotates the 240 ° satellite conversation without dropping.
Alternatively, when the operating frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 is a satellite frequency band, the operator holds the electronic device 1000 for satellite communication. The directional diagram of the electronic device 1000 in a hand-held and near-head scenario is directed to include a direction toward the top edge 321 and a direction toward the first side edge 323.
Specifically, when an operator holds the electronic device 1000 for satellite communication, the top side 321 and the first side 323 of the electronic device 1000 are far away from the ground and face the satellite device in the air, so that the antenna assembly 100 provided by the embodiment of the application forms the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode simultaneously, forms the radiation pattern toward the top side 321 in the first resonant mode, and forms the radiation pattern toward the first side 323 in the second resonant mode, and the radiation pattern is toward the satellite device in the air, so that when the operator holds the electronic device 1000 for satellite communication, the antenna assembly 100 radiates energy through the first resonant mode and the second resonant mode to perform good communication with the satellite in the air.
Optionally, the coverage angle range of the upper hemisphere of the electronic device 1000 in the hand-held direction diagram near the head scene is greater than or equal to 240 °, so that when the operator holds the electronic device 1000 for satellite communication, the azimuth of the operator can be at least adjusted within the range of 240 °, and further, when the operator holds the electronic device 1000 for satellite communication, the method is not limited to the current azimuth and the current position, and the method can move or change the azimuth and maintain good satellite connection.
The topside antenna parahead SAR is severely out of standard (the input power of a typical satellite is 36 dBm), the power needs to be backed off greatly, resulting in severely degraded performance, and the topside antenna parahead sar=8.4W/Kg (10 g) at 20% duty cycle. These two difficulties can result in the top antenna not being able to function as a satellite dish for the human head and hands.
Referring to fig. 23, fig. 23 is a hotspot distribution diagram of SAR of the electronic device 1000 in a human head-hand scenario according to an embodiment of the present application. The N region in fig. 23 is the SRA hot spot area of the electronic device 1000 when the antenna assembly 100 is in operation. At 20% duty cycle, the 10g-SAR is less than 1.8W/Kg, compared to electronic device 1000 with the SAR of the space satellite antenna set on top. In the electronic device 1000 provided by the embodiment of the application, the radiator 10 is arranged at the first side 323, so that the SAR value is reduced by more than 4 times compared with the SAR of a space satellite antenna arranged at the top.
According to the electronic device 1000 provided by the embodiment of the application, the radiator 10 is arranged on the first side 323, the radiator 10 is arranged at intervals along the second floor 512, the radiator 10 comprises the first free end A, the feed point B, at least one grounding point C and the second free end D, the grounding point C is electrically connected with the reference floor 500, the signal source 20 is electrically connected with the feed point B, the signal source 20 is used for exciting the radiator 10 and the reference floor 500 to jointly form a first resonance mode supporting a first frequency band and form a second resonance mode supporting a second frequency band, the first resonance mode comprises a 1/2 wavelength mode supporting the first frequency band formed on the reference floor 500 in a direction parallel to the first floor 511, a directional diagram of the antenna assembly 100 in the first resonance mode is at least directed to the top edge 321, the second resonance mode comprises a 1/2 wavelength mode supporting the second frequency band formed on the radiator 10, the directional diagram of the antenna assembly 100 in the second resonance mode is at least directed to the first side 323, the satellite antenna in the electronic device 1000 realizes a head-hand satellite call, the head-hand satellite can realize a wide-wave beam satellite call under a head-hand satellite call scene, namely, can realize a wide-band satellite call can be realized in a satellite antenna can realize a wide-band satellite call range under a satellite wave beam call scene, and can realize a wide-band antenna can realize a satellite antenna with the antenna in the antenna through the antenna with the first frequency band 1000, and the antenna can realize a wideband antenna.
While embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it should be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and alternatives to the above embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the application, which is also to be regarded as being within the scope of the application.