技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及光伏模块，并且更具体地涉及其中针对每个光伏电池串单独连接优化器并且一个控制器控制多个优化器的光伏模块。The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module, and more particularly to a photovoltaic module in which an optimizer is individually connected to each photovoltaic cell string and one controller controls a plurality of optimizers.
背景技术Background Art
太阳能发电是替代现有的化学发电或核能发电的环境友好的能源发电方法。太阳能发电包括电池连接至转换器的独立型和电池连接至电网的连接型，并且通常，独立发电由太阳能电池、蓄电池、电力转换装置等组成，并且电网连接的系统连接至商用电力，使得负载电网线路和电力可以彼此交换。Solar power generation is an environmentally friendly alternative to existing chemical or nuclear power generation methods. Solar power generation includes standalone solar power generation, where batteries are connected to a converter, and grid-connected solar power generation. Standalone solar power generation typically consists of solar cells, storage batteries, and power conversion devices, while grid-connected systems connect to commercial power lines, allowing for the exchange of power with loads.
光伏模块的最大功率点根据日照量、温度等而变化。为了使太阳能电池在最大功率点处操作，可以使用在逐模块的基础上执行最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)控制的优化器或模块级电力电子器件(MLPE)。The maximum power point of a photovoltaic module varies depending on the amount of sunlight, temperature, etc. To operate the solar cell at the maximum power point, an optimizer or module-level power electronics (MLPE) that performs maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control on a module-by-module basis may be used.
在光伏模块中安装接线盒以将其连接至外部线路，但是为了将优化器连接至光伏模块；需要大量的电缆和人工工作来连接它们。另外，根据安装环境，存在如下缺点：必须在光伏模块中安装单独的装置来防止触电。A junction box is installed in the PV module to connect it to the external line, but connecting the optimizer to the PV module requires a lot of cables and labor. In addition, depending on the installation environment, there is a disadvantage that a separate device must be installed in the PV module to prevent electric shock.
发明内容Summary of the Invention
技术问题Technical issues
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供其中针对每个光伏电池串单独连接优化器并且一个控制器控制多个优化器的光伏模块。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module in which an optimizer is individually connected to each photovoltaic cell string and a controller controls multiple optimizers.
技术解决方案Technical Solutions
为了解决以上技术问题，根据本发明的一个实施方式的光伏模块包括：光伏面板，其包括多个电池串；第一壳体，其连接至多个电池串中的一个电池串；以及第二壳体，其连接至除与第一壳体连接的电池串以外的电池串，其中，第二壳体包括设置在其中的第一优化器，并且其中，第一壳体包括：串联连接至第一优化器的第二优化器；以及控制器，其与通过第一优化器和第二优化器的串联连接形成的优化器串的两端连接。In order to solve the above technical problems, a photovoltaic module according to one embodiment of the present invention includes: a photovoltaic panel, which includes a plurality of battery strings; a first shell, which is connected to one of the plurality of battery strings; and a second shell, which is connected to battery strings other than the battery string connected to the first shell, wherein the second shell includes a first optimizer arranged therein, and wherein the first shell includes: a second optimizer connected in series to the first optimizer; and a controller, which is connected to both ends of the optimizer string formed by the series connection of the first optimizer and the second optimizer.
另外，第二优化器可以定位在优化器串的中间，并且控制器可以连接至第一优化器。Additionally, a second optimizer may be positioned in the middle of the optimizer string, and a controller may be connected to the first optimizer.
另外，第一壳体可以包括：与每个电池串的两端处的输出端子连接的两个第一输入端子；与相邻的第二壳体连接的两个第一输出端子；与位于优化器串的两端的第二壳体连接的两个第二输入端子；以及与外部或其他光伏模块的第一壳体连接的两个第二输出端子。In addition, the first shell may include: two first input terminals connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; two first output terminals connected to the adjacent second shell; two second input terminals connected to the second shell located at both ends of the optimizer string; and two second output terminals connected to the first shell of an external or other photovoltaic module.
另外，第一输入端子和第一输出端子在壳体内部连接至第一优化器，并且第二输入端子和第二输出端子可以在壳体内部连接至控制器。In addition, the first input terminal and the first output terminal are connected to the first optimizer inside the housing, and the second input terminal and the second output terminal may be connected to the controller inside the housing.
另外，第二优化器定位在优化器串的一端处，并且控制器可以在第一壳体内部连接至第二优化器。Additionally, a second optimizer is positioned at one end of the optimizer string, and the controller may be connected to the second optimizer inside the first housing.
另外，第一壳体可以包括：与每个电池串的两端处的输出端子连接的两个第一输入端子；与相邻的第二壳体连接的一个第一输出端子；与位于优化器串的另一端的第二壳体连接的一个第二输入端子；以及与外部或其他光伏模块的第一壳体连接的两个第二输出端子。In addition, the first housing may include: two first input terminals connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; one first output terminal connected to the adjacent second housing; one second input terminal connected to the second housing located at the other end of the optimizer string; and two second output terminals connected to the first housing of external or other photovoltaic modules.
另外，第二壳体可以包括：与每个电池串的两端的输出端子连接的两个第一输入端子；以及与相邻的第二壳体或第一壳体连接的两个第一输出端子。In addition, the second housing may include: two first input terminals connected to output terminals at both ends of each battery string; and two first output terminals connected to an adjacent second housing or first housing.
另外，第二壳体可以包括并联连接在两个输出端子之间的旁路部分。In addition, the second housing may include a bypass portion connected in parallel between the two output terminals.
另外，第二壳体可以定位在与每个电池串的输出端子相对应的位置处。In addition, the second housing may be positioned at a position corresponding to an output terminal of each battery string.
另外，控制器从优化器检测电压、电流、温度、湿度和辐照度之中的至少一个参数，并且可以根据所述参数检测每个电池串或每个优化器是否异常。In addition, the controller detects at least one parameter among voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance from the optimizer, and may detect whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal based on the parameter.
另外，第一壳体或第二壳体可以包括壳体本体和覆盖壳体本体的壳体盖。In addition, the first housing or the second housing may include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body.
另外，壳体本体和壳体盖可以形成有防水结构。In addition, the housing body and the housing cover may be formed with a waterproof structure.
另外，第一壳体或第二壳体可以具有填充有散热材料的内部。In addition, the first housing or the second housing may have an interior filled with a heat dissipation material.
另外，第一壳体或第二壳体可以可从光伏面板拆卸和可附接至光伏面板。Additionally, the first housing or the second housing may be detachable from and attachable to the photovoltaic panel.
有益效果Beneficial effects
根据本发明的实施方式，用于连接光伏面板和优化器的电缆可以减少，并且可以使工作更容易。另外，通过连接一个控制器和多个优化器，可以由一个控制器进行控制。According to the embodiment of the present invention, the cables for connecting the photovoltaic panel and the optimizer can be reduced, and the work can be made easier. In addition, by connecting one controller and multiple optimizers, control can be performed by one controller.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是根据本发明的实施方式的光伏模块的框图。FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是用于说明最大功率点跟踪控制的图。FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining maximum power point tracking control.
图3至图8是用于说明根据图1的实施方式的光伏模块的图。3 to 8 are diagrams for explaining the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG. 1 .
图9是根据本发明的另一实施方式的光伏模块的框图。FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.
图10至图13是用于说明根据图9的实施方式的光伏模块的图。10 to 13 are diagrams for explaining the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG. 9 .
图14是根据本发明的另一实施方式的光伏模块的框图。FIG. 14 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.
图15至图17是用于说明根据图14的实施方式的光伏模块的图。15 to 17 are diagrams for explaining the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG. 14 .
图18是根据本发明的另一实施方式的光伏模块的框图。FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention.
图19是用于说明根据图18的实施方式的光伏模块的图。FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG. 18 .
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
在下文中，将参照附图详细描述本发明的优选实施方式。Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
然而，本发明的技术构思不限于将要描述的一些实施方式，而是可以以各种形式实现，并且在本发明的技术构思的范围内，组成元件中的一个或更多个可以在实施方式之间选择性地组合或替换。However, the technical concept of the present invention is not limited to some embodiments to be described, but can be implemented in various forms, and within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, one or more of the constituent elements can be selectively combined or replaced between embodiments.
另外，除非明确地限定和描述，否则在本发明的实施方式中使用的术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)可以被解释为可以被本领域技术人员通常理解的含义，并且通常使用的术语例如字典中定义的术语可以在考虑相关技术的背景的含义的情况下进行解释。In addition, unless explicitly defined and described otherwise, the terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used in the embodiments of the present invention may be interpreted as meanings that can be generally understood by those skilled in the art, and commonly used terms such as terms defined in dictionaries may be interpreted with consideration of the meaning of the background of the relevant technology.
另外，本说明书中使用的术语是用于描述实施方式，并不旨在限制本发明。在本说明书中，除非在短语中具体说明，否则单数形式可以包括复数形式，并且当被描述为“A和B和C中的至少一个(或多于一个)”时，其可以包括可以与A、B和C组合的所有组合中的一种或更多种。In addition, the terms used in this specification are used to describe the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In this specification, unless specifically stated otherwise in a phrase, a singular form may include a plural form, and when described as "at least one (or more than one) of A and B and C", it may include one or more of all combinations that can be combined with A, B and C.
另外，在描述本发明的实施方式中的部件时，可以使用术语例如第一、第二、A、B、(a)和(b)。Additionally, in describing components in the embodiments of the present invention, terms such as first, second, A, B, (a), and (b) may be used.
这些术语仅仅旨在将部件与其他部件区分开来，并且这些术语不限制部件的性质、顺序或序列。These terms are only intended to distinguish a component from other components, and these terms do not limit the nature, order, or sequence of the components.
并且，当部件被描述为“连接”、“耦接”或“互连”至另一部件时，部件不仅直接地连接、耦接或互连至其他部件，而且还可以包括由于其他部件之间的另一部件而被“连接”、“耦接”或“互连”的情况。Furthermore, when a component is described as being “connected,” “coupled,” or “interconnected” to another component, the component is not only directly connected, coupled, or interconnected to the other component, but may also include a case where the component is “connected,” “coupled,” or “interconnected” due to another component between the other components.
另外，当被描述为形成或设置在每个部件的“上(上方)”或“下(下方)”时，“上(上方)”或“下(下方)”意指其不仅包括两个部件直接接触的情况，而且包括在两个部件之间形成或设置一个或更多个其他部件的情况。另外，当被表示为“上(上方)”或“下(下方)”时，可以包括相对于一个部件不仅向上方向，而且向下方向的含义。In addition, when it is described as being formed or disposed “on (above)” or “under (below)” each component, “on (above)” or “under (below)” means that it includes not only a case where two components are in direct contact, but also a case where one or more other components are formed or disposed between the two components. In addition, when expressed as “on (above)” or “under (below)”, it can include the meaning of not only an upward direction but also a downward direction relative to a component.
根据本实施方式的经修改的实施方式可以包括每个实施方式的一些部件连同其他实施方式的一些部件。也就是说，经修改的实施方式可以包括各种实施方式中的一个实施方式，但是可以省略一些部件，并且包括相对应的其他实施方式的一些部件。或者，可能是相反的。将在实施方式中描述的特征、结构、效果等被包括在至少一个实施方式中，并且不一定仅限于一个实施方式。此外，在每个实施方式中例示的特征、结构、效果等可以由实施方式所属领域的普通技术人员在其他实施方式中进行组合或修改和实现。因此，与这样的组合和修改相关的内容应当被解释为包括在实施方式的范围内。The modified embodiment according to the present embodiment may include some components of each embodiment together with some components of other embodiments. That is, the modified embodiment may include one embodiment of the various embodiments, but some components may be omitted and include some components of corresponding other embodiments. Or, it may be the opposite. The features, structures, effects, etc. described in the embodiment are included in at least one embodiment and are not necessarily limited to one embodiment. In addition, the features, structures, effects, etc. illustrated in each embodiment can be combined or modified and implemented in other embodiments by a person of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiment belongs. Therefore, the content related to such combinations and modifications should be interpreted as being included in the scope of the embodiment.
图1是根据本发明的实施方式的光伏模块的框图；图2是用于说明最大功率点跟踪控制的图；图3是根据本发明的实施方式的优化器的框图；1 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining maximum power point tracking control; FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4示出了根据本发明的实施方式的电池串与优化器之间的连接关系；图5是根据本发明的实施方式的控制器的框图；图6和图7是根据本发明的实施方式的优化器模块的框图；以及图8示出了根据本发明的实施方式的优化器的另一实施方式。FIG4 shows a connection relationship between a battery string and an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG5 is a block diagram of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG6 and FIG7 are block diagrams of optimizer modules according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG8 shows another embodiment of an optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
根据本发明的实施方式的光伏模块100包括光伏面板110、多个优化器121、122和123和控制器130。The photovoltaic module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a photovoltaic panel 110 , a plurality of optimizers 121 , 122 , and 123 , and a controller 130 .
根据本发明的实施方式的光伏模块可以是光伏面板和将由光伏面板生成的电力转换成适用于负载或电池的电力的模块。它可以被表示为太阳能模块、太阳能发电模块等。The photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of the present invention may be a photovoltaic panel and a module that converts the electricity generated by the photovoltaic panel into electricity suitable for a load or a battery. It may be expressed as a solar module, a solar power generation module, etc.
光伏面板110包括多个电池串。执行太阳能发电的太阳能电池可以表示为多个电池串联连接的电池串单元。The photovoltaic panel 110 includes a plurality of cell strings. A solar cell that generates solar power can be represented as a cell string unit in which a plurality of cells are connected in series.
电池串可以包括至少一个电池，并且当包括多个电池时，多个电池可以串联连接。电池串可以是包括太阳能电池的太阳能电池串。太阳能电池串可以形成光伏(PV)面板。光伏面板110也可以称为太阳能板或太阳能发电面板。太阳能电池通过利用光伏效应生成太阳能(PV)。光伏效应是一种现象，其中当特定频率或更高频率的光照射到特定金属材料时发射电子，并且使用P型半导体和n型半导体形成PN结，并且通过利用由光伏效应生成的电子生成电流，从而生成电力。太阳能电池使用硅等形成，并且可以以晶片形状形成。太阳能电池位于田地里、建筑物的外墙上、屋顶上等，在这些地方它们可以接收大量的日照，并且通过利用日照来生成电力。此时，太阳能电池可以形成为建筑物一体化光伏(BIPV)，从而形成为建筑物的整体部分。The battery string may include at least one battery, and when including multiple batteries, the multiple batteries may be connected in series. The battery string may be a solar cell string including solar cells. The solar cell string may form a photovoltaic (PV) panel. Photovoltaic panel 110 may also be referred to as a solar panel or a solar power generation panel. Solar cells generate solar energy (PV) by utilizing the photovoltaic effect. The photovoltaic effect is a phenomenon in which electrons are emitted when light of a specific frequency or higher is irradiated on a specific metal material, and a PN junction is formed using a P-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor, and electricity is generated by generating an electric current by utilizing the electrons generated by the photovoltaic effect. Solar cells are formed using silicon or the like and may be formed in a wafer shape. Solar cells are located in fields, on the exterior walls of buildings, on rooftops, etc., where they can receive a large amount of sunlight and generate electricity by utilizing the sunlight. In this case, the solar cells may be formed as building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV), thereby forming an integral part of the building.
由于由单个太阳能电池生成的电量不足以在负载或电力系统中使用，因此可以通过串联连接多个太阳能电池以形成太阳能电池串而不是单个太阳能电池来生成要使用的适当量的电力。太阳能电池串可以是用于生成电力的基本单元。可以通过将作为基本单元的多个电池串形成为面板来形成光伏面板。如图2中所示，太阳能电池根据日照量、温度等具有不同的电压-电流特性，并且最大功率点(MPP)也变化(生成的功率＝电压×电流)。Since the amount of electricity generated by a single solar cell is not enough to be used in a load or power system, an appropriate amount of electricity to be used can be generated by connecting multiple solar cells in series to form a solar cell string instead of a single solar cell. A solar cell string can be a basic unit for generating electricity. A photovoltaic panel can be formed by forming a plurality of cell strings as basic units into a panel. As shown in FIG2 , a solar cell has different voltage-current characteristics depending on the amount of sunlight, temperature, etc., and the maximum power point (MPP) also changes (generated power = voltage × current).
多个优化器121、122和123分别连接至电池串111、112和113中的每一个的输出电力，并且彼此串联连接。The plurality of optimizers 121 , 122 , and 123 are respectively connected to the output power of each of the battery strings 111 , 112 , and 113 , and are connected in series with each other.
根据本发明的实施方式的优化器用于优化电池串的输出电力，使得太阳能电池在最大功率点(MPP)处工作，该最大功率点是太阳能电池的功率在每个条件下最大的工作点。此处，优化器可以包括模块级电力电子器件(MLPE)。An optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention is used to optimize the output power of a battery string so that the solar cell operates at its maximum power point (MPP), which is the operating point at which the solar cell's power is maximized under all conditions. The optimizer may include module-level power electronics (MLPE).
这被称为最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)，并且可以通过使用最大功率点跟踪来提高太阳能发电的效率。在太阳能发电中，根据电流与电压之间的关系以及电压与功率之间的关系的特性，最大功率可以是在最大电压的80％左右，而不是最大电压时的功率。由于该最大功率点根据由光伏面板生成的电压和电流的大小而持续变化，因此必须持续搜索可以生成最大功率点的点。也就是说，为了跟踪最大功率，而不是最大电压，可以改变电压和电流的大小，使得实现最大功率。也就是说，可以在增加功率的方向上减小电压并且可以增大电流，或者可以增大电压并且可以减小电流。This is called maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and the efficiency of solar power generation can be improved by using maximum power point tracking. In solar power generation, due to the characteristics of the relationship between current and voltage and the relationship between voltage and power, the maximum power can be around 80% of the maximum voltage, rather than the power at the maximum voltage. Since this maximum power point continuously changes depending on the magnitude of the voltage and current generated by the photovoltaic panel, it is necessary to continuously search for the point where the maximum power point can be generated. That is, in order to track the maximum power, rather than the maximum voltage, the magnitude of the voltage and current can be changed so that the maximum power is achieved. That is, the voltage can be reduced and the current can be increased in the direction of increasing power, or the voltage can be increased and the current can be reduced.
为了对多个电池串执行最大功率点跟踪，有必要对每个电池串执行优化。例如，如果在特定电池串中外来物质阻碍光接收或有遮挡，则发电可能不同于其他电池串的发电，并且因此，除了用于转换从电池串输出的电力的操作模式之外，可能需要除电力转换之外的操作。可能需要操作来直接输出从电池串输出的电力而不转换，或者来旁路电池串。对于每种情况，需要能够有多种操作模式的装置，该装置可以以最适用于从每个电池串输出的电力的模式操作。例如，优化器(121)可以在电力转换模式(第一模式)、输入/输出连接模式(第二模式)和旁路模式(第三模式)的多种模式下操作，以便在最适用于每种情况的模式下操作。除了电力转换模式、输入/输出连接模式和旁路模式之外，根据设计，还可以包括其他操作模式。In order to perform maximum power point tracking for a plurality of battery strings, it is necessary to perform optimization for each battery string. For example, if foreign matter blocks light reception or there is shading in a particular battery string, the power generation may be different from that of other battery strings, and therefore, in addition to the operating mode for converting the power output from the battery string, an operation other than power conversion may be required. An operation may be required to directly output the power output from the battery string without conversion, or to bypass the battery string. For each case, a device capable of having multiple operating modes is required, which can operate in a mode that is most suitable for the power output from each battery string. For example, the optimizer (121) can operate in multiple modes of power conversion mode (first mode), input/output connection mode (second mode) and bypass mode (third mode) so as to operate in a mode that is most suitable for each case. In addition to the power conversion mode, input/output connection mode and bypass mode, other operating modes may also be included according to the design.
优化器121、122和123中的每一个可以彼此间隔开，并且设置在与每个电池串111、112和113相对应的区域中。多个优化器121、122和123中的每一个可以被配置为独立的模块，但是可以设置在与光伏面板110的区域之中执行最大功率点跟踪的每个电池串111、112和113相对应的区域中。此时，它们可以定位在与每个电池串111、112和113的输出端子相对应的位置处。在使用一个优化器来单独优化每个电池串的情况下，需要大量电缆来连接每个电池串和优化器，并且需要工作来连接电缆。根据本发明的实施方式的优化器包括分开形成的多个优化器121、122和123，以单独优化每个电池串。然而，如果优化器121定位在与电池串111分离的位置处，仍然需要电缆，那么因此优化器121可以定位在每个电池串所在的光伏面板区域上。由此，单独连接至电池串111并优化电池串111的优化器121被直接连接，从而减少电缆连接并促进工作。Each of the optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be spaced apart from one another and positioned in an area corresponding to each of the cell strings 111, 112, and 113. Each of the multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be configured as a separate module, but can be positioned in an area corresponding to each of the cell strings 111, 112, and 113 performing maximum power point tracking within the area of the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, they can be positioned at locations corresponding to the output terminals of each cell string 111, 112, and 113. Using a single optimizer to optimize each cell string individually requires a large amount of cabling to connect each cell string to the optimizer, and work is required to connect the cables. The optimizer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 formed separately to optimize each cell string individually. However, if the optimizer 121 is positioned separately from the cell string 111, cabling is still required. Therefore, the optimizer 121 can be positioned in the area of the photovoltaic panel where each cell string is located. Thus, the optimizer 121 that is individually connected to the battery string 111 and optimizes the battery string 111 is directly connected, thereby reducing cable connection and facilitating work.
电池串111必须接收日照，并且设置在光伏模块100的第一表面上，并且每个优化器121可以设置在与第一表面相对的第二表面上，其中电池串111被单独连接。在光伏模块100的第二表面上，电池串111的两端中的输出端子被引出，并且优化器121定位在电池串111的两端中的输出端子被引出的位置处，使得电池串可以直接连接至优化器的输入端子。The cell strings 111 must receive sunlight and are arranged on the first surface of the photovoltaic module 100, and each optimizer 121 can be arranged on a second surface opposite the first surface, wherein the cell strings 111 are individually connected. On the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100, the output terminals at both ends of the cell strings 111 are led out, and the optimizer 121 is positioned at the location where the output terminals at both ends of the cell strings 111 are led out, so that the cell strings can be directly connected to the input terminals of the optimizer.
优化器121可以包括输入端子1211和1212、输出端子1213和1214、电力转换单元1215和旁路部分1216。The optimizer 121 may include input terminals 1211 and 1212 , output terminals 1213 and 1214 , a power conversion unit 1215 , and a bypass portion 1216 .
输入端子1211和1212可以包括连接至每个电池串111的两端处的输出端子的两个输入端子。如图3中所示，每个电池串111可以具有串联连接的多个太阳能电池1111至1113，并且串联连接的电池串111在两端处具有被引出至外部的两个输出端子。此时，两端处的输出端子可以被引出至光伏模块100的第二表面。每个电池串两端处的输出端子可以直接连接至在优化器内部的每个优化器的两个输入端子1211和1212。两个输入端子1211和1212可以分别连接至每个电池串111的两端处的输出端子，以接收由电池串111生成的电力。The input terminals 1211 and 1212 may include two input terminals connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string 111. As shown in FIG3, each battery string 111 may have a plurality of solar cells 1111 to 1113 connected in series, and the battery strings 111 connected in series have two output terminals at both ends that are led to the outside. In this case, the output terminals at both ends may be led to the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100. The output terminals at both ends of each battery string may be directly connected to the two input terminals 1211 and 1212 of each optimizer inside the optimizer. The two input terminals 1211 and 1212 may be respectively connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string 111 to receive the power generated by the battery string 111.
输出端子1213和1214连接至另一优化器或控制器130。输出端子1213和1214也可以包括两个输出端子。相邻的优化器可以串联连接，并且当优化器位于其他优化器之间时，两个输出端子1213和1214分别连接至两个其他相邻的优化器。多个优化器121、122和123的输出可以串联连接，使得可以向控制器130输出最大功率。多个优化器121、122和123可以串联连接以形成优化器串，并且控制器130连接至优化器串的两端。如果优化器是位于连接至控制器130的优化器串的一端处的优化器，则两个输出端子1213和1214中的一个连接至相邻的优化器，而另一个连接至控制器130。输出到控制器130的电力可以通过控制器130传输至外部或另一光伏面板。此处，外部是位于光伏面板外部的配置，并且可以是电网、负载或电池。或者，其可以是电力转换装置，例如逆变器。每个优化器的输出可以串联连接，并且通过控制器130输出到外部。Output terminals 1213 and 1214 are connected to another optimizer or controller 130. Output terminals 1213 and 1214 may also include two output terminals. Adjacent optimizers can be connected in series, and when an optimizer is located between other optimizers, the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 are connected to two other adjacent optimizers, respectively. The outputs of multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be connected in series to maximize power output to controller 130. Multiple optimizers 121, 122, and 123 can be connected in series to form an optimizer string, with controller 130 connected to both ends of the optimizer string. If the optimizer is located at one end of an optimizer string connected to controller 130, one of the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 is connected to the adjacent optimizer, while the other is connected to controller 130. The power output to controller 130 can be transmitted by controller 130 to an external location or another photovoltaic panel. Here, the external location refers to a location outside the photovoltaic panel and can be a power grid, a load, or a battery. Alternatively, it may be a power conversion device such as an inverter. The output of each optimizer may be connected in series and output to the outside through the controller 130.
连接至上述其他优化器的输出端子1213和1214可以通过内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分141连接。如图4中所示，优化器121可以通过内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分141连接至相邻的优化器。此时，内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分可以包括汇流条或电缆。此时，输出端子可以直接连接至内置在光伏面板110中的汇流条。此时，内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分141可以与电池串的两端处的输出端子一起被引至光伏模块100的第二表面。内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分141可以直接连接至每个优化器的两个输出端子1213和1214以及优化器内部。此时，内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分141可以形成为使得电池串和光伏面板110的内部彼此不电连接，而是彼此绝缘。当使用内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分141时，连接位置可能被限制，但无需单独的电缆即可直接连接。The output terminals 1213 and 1214 connected to the other optimizers described above can be connected via a connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110. As shown in FIG4 , the optimizer 121 can be connected to an adjacent optimizer via the connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, the connection portion built into the photovoltaic panel 110 can include a bus bar or a cable. In this case, the output terminals can be directly connected to the bus bar built into the photovoltaic panel 110. In this case, the connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110 can be led to the second surface of the photovoltaic module 100 along with the output terminals at both ends of the cell string. The connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110 can directly connect to the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 of each optimizer and to the interior of the optimizer. In this case, the connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110 can be formed so that the cell string and the interior of the photovoltaic panel 110 are not electrically connected to each other but are insulated from each other. When using the connection portion 141 built into the photovoltaic panel 110, the connection location may be limited, but a direct connection can be achieved without the need for separate cables.
替选地，连接至外部的其他优化器或输出端子1213和1214可以通过外部连接部分142连接，而不是内置在光伏面板110中的连接。当使用光伏面板110外部的连接部分142时，使用诸如电缆的导体，因此可以自由地实现连接位置或连接形式。然而，电缆可能会暴露于外部，这会增加触电的风险。根据安装或工作环境，可以使用内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分141或光伏面板110外部的连接部分142。Alternatively, other external optimizers or output terminals 1213 and 1214 may be connected via external connection portion 142 rather than the connection built into photovoltaic panel 110. When using connection portion 142 external to photovoltaic panel 110, a conductor such as a cable is used, allowing for flexible connection locations and forms. However, the cable may be exposed to the outside, increasing the risk of electric shock. Depending on the installation or operating environment, either connection portion 141 built into photovoltaic panel 110 or connection portion 142 external to photovoltaic panel 110 may be used.
电力转换单元1215可以转换通过输入端子1211和1212输入的每个电池串111的输出电力，并将其输出到输出端子1213和1214。电力转换单元1215可以转换电池串111的电力的电压，并将其输出到输出端子1213和1214。此时，电力转换单元1215可以对每个电池串111执行最大功率点跟踪。在多个电池串之中的电池串中的一些由于阴影等而生成比其他电池串更低的电压的情况下，为了减小每个电池串之间的电压差，从而减少损耗并提高效率，需要原样输出其他电池串的电压而不进行电力转换。此时，每个优化器的电力转换单元1215可以调整电力转换，使得电池串之间的电压变得相同。The power conversion unit 1215 can convert the output power of each battery string 111 input through the input terminals 1211 and 1212 and output it to the output terminals 1213 and 1214. The power conversion unit 1215 can convert the voltage of the power of the battery string 111 and output it to the output terminals 1213 and 1214. At this time, the power conversion unit 1215 can perform maximum power point tracking for each battery string 111. In the case where some of the battery strings among the multiple battery strings generate a lower voltage than other battery strings due to shadows, etc., in order to reduce the voltage difference between each battery string, thereby reducing losses and improving efficiency, it is necessary to output the voltage of the other battery strings as is without power conversion. At this time, the power conversion unit 1215 of each optimizer can adjust the power conversion so that the voltages between the battery strings become the same.
电力转换单元1215可以包括降压转换器、升压转换器和降压-升压转换器之中的至少一个。电力转换单元120可以包括DC-DC转换器，并且此时可以包括降压转换器、升压转换器和降压-升压转换器之中的至少一个。电力转换单元120可以被实现为降压转换器，该降压转换器配置有上开关、下开关和电感器以降低电压。另外，其可以被实现为升压转换器，该升压转换器配置有电感器、上开关和下开关以提高电压，并且其可以被实现为降压-升压转换器，该降压-升压转换器配置有第一上开关、第一下开关、电感器、第二上开关和第二下开关以降低或提高电压。电容器可以分别并联连接至每个转换器的输入端和输出端。The power conversion unit 1215 may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit 120 may include a DC-DC converter, and may include at least one of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter. The power conversion unit 120 may be implemented as a buck converter, which is configured with an upper switch, a lower switch, and an inductor to reduce voltage. In addition, it may be implemented as a boost converter, which is configured with an inductor, an upper switch, and a lower switch to increase voltage, and it may be implemented as a buck-boost converter, which is configured with a first upper switch, a first lower switch, an inductor, a second upper switch, and a second lower switch to reduce or increase voltage. Capacitors may be connected in parallel to the input and output of each converter, respectively.
旁路部分1216并联连接在两个输出端子1213与1214之间。The bypass portion 1216 is connected in parallel between the two output terminals 1213 and 1214 .
旁路部分1216可以生成旁路路径，以将与电力转换单元120或电池串111连接的输入端子1211和1212的连接旁路到输出端子1213和1214。可以生成旁路路径以将从另一优化器生成的电力传送至控制器130或另一优化器，而不执行电力转换。例如，当在包括电池串的光伏面板中发生故障时，或者当输入端子1211和1212没有连接并且没有电力输入到电力转换装置时，旁路部分1216可以提供旁路路径。另外，当在光伏面板中出现热点时，旁路部分1216可以为输出电流提供旁路路径，以降低光伏面板中流动的电流值并抑制发热。这防止光伏面板被迫传导大于其输出的电流，从而防止光伏面板的阻抗增加，并因此防止产生的热量增加。Bypass portion 1216 can generate a bypass path to bypass the connection of input terminals 1211 and 1212 connected to power conversion unit 120 or battery string 111 to output terminals 1213 and 1214. A bypass path can be generated to transmit power generated by another optimizer to controller 130 or another optimizer without performing power conversion. For example, when a fault occurs in a photovoltaic panel including a battery string, or when input terminals 1211 and 1212 are not connected and no power is input to the power conversion device, bypass portion 1216 can provide a bypass path. In addition, when a hot spot occurs in the photovoltaic panel, bypass portion 1216 can provide a bypass path for the output current to reduce the current value flowing in the photovoltaic panel and suppress heat generation. This prevents the photovoltaic panel from being forced to conduct a current greater than its output, thereby preventing the impedance of the photovoltaic panel from increasing and, therefore, preventing an increase in the heat generated.
电力转换单元1215或旁路部分1216可以由控制器130操作，并且控制器130可以将控制信号传输至每个部件以便根据诸如输入/输出电压和电流、湿度、温度和辐照度的信息在最适当的模式下操作。另外，它可以根据外部控制器的控制信号或用户的输入以对应的模式操作。The power conversion unit 1215 or the bypass portion 1216 may be operated by the controller 130, and the controller 130 may transmit a control signal to each component so that it operates in the most appropriate mode according to information such as input/output voltage and current, humidity, temperature, and irradiance. In addition, it may operate in a corresponding mode according to a control signal from an external controller or an input from a user.
控制器130连接至串联连接的多个优化器121、122和123的两端121和123。The controller 130 is connected to both ends 121 and 123 of the plurality of optimizers 121 , 122 , and 123 connected in series.
控制器130连接至通过串联连接多个优化器而形成的优化器串的两端，从优化器检测每个电池串的电压、电流、温度、湿度和辐照度之中的至少一个参数，使用检测到的参数控制每个优化器，并且可以检测每个电池串或每个优化器是否异常。The controller 130 is connected to both ends of an optimizer string formed by connecting a plurality of optimizers in series, detects at least one parameter among the voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance of each battery string from the optimizer, controls each optimizer using the detected parameters, and can detect whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal.
控制器130可以控制优化器121，使得每个优化器121可以执行最大功率点跟踪控制。优化器121根据电力转换单元1215的操作执行最大功率点控制，并且控制器130可以控制包括在优化器121中的电力转换单元1215。电力转换单元1215可以通过向包括在电力转换单元1215中的开关元件传输诸如栅极信号的驱动信号来控制。The controller 130 may control the optimizer 121 so that each optimizer 121 may perform maximum power point tracking control. The optimizer 121 performs maximum power point control according to the operation of the power conversion unit 1215, and the controller 130 may control the power conversion unit 1215 included in the optimizer 121. The power conversion unit 1215 may be controlled by transmitting a driving signal such as a gate signal to a switching element included in the power conversion unit 1215.
控制器130可以接收由优化器生成的电力，并且将其传输至外部或另一光伏面板。当优化器串联连接时，组合由每个优化器生成的电力并且将其传输至控制器130，并且控制器130可以将其传输至电网或负载。或者，在与其他光伏面板串联连接的同时，电力可以被传输至另一光伏面板。Controller 130 can receive the power generated by the optimizer and transmit it to an external location or another photovoltaic panel. When the optimizers are connected in series, the power generated by each optimizer is combined and transmitted to controller 130, which can then transmit it to the grid or a load. Alternatively, power can be transmitted to another photovoltaic panel while connected in series with the other photovoltaic panel.
控制器130可以包括两个输入端子和两个输出端子。两个输入端子132和133连接至通过串联连接多个优化器121、122和123而形成的串的两端，并且两个输出端子134和135可以连接至外部。两个输入端子132和133中的一个可以是(+)输入端子，而另一个可以是(-)输入端子，以及两个输出端子134和135中的一个可以是(+)输出端子，而另一个可以是(-)输出端子。The controller 130 may include two input terminals and two output terminals. The two input terminals 132 and 133 are connected to both ends of a string formed by connecting a plurality of optimizers 121, 122, and 123 in series, and the two output terminals 134 and 135 may be connected to the outside. One of the two input terminals 132 and 133 may be a (+) input terminal, while the other may be a (-) input terminal, and one of the two output terminals 134 and 135 may be a (+) output terminal, while the other may be a (-) output terminal.
控制器130可以包括与优化器或外部执行有线或无线通信的通信单元(未示出)。控制器130可以通过与优化器121、122和123的有线通信来传输和接收信号。此时，可以使用电力线通信(PLC通信)。如上所述，连接电力线，优化器121中生成的电力通过该电力线传输至控制器130，并且因此可以使用电力线执行PLC通信。另外，可以通过单独的通信线路执行有线通信，或者可以执行诸如RF、Wi-Fi、Zigbee或蓝牙通信的无线通信。通过PLC通信来控制优化器的操作，或者从优化器检测每个电池串的电压、电流、温度、湿度和辐照度之中的至少一个参数，以监测光伏面板的状态，并且使用检测到的参数来控制每个优化器，并且可以检测每个电池串或每个优化器的异常。此处，异常包括故障，并且例如，可以检测过电压、过电流、过热、低电压等。监测到的信息或异常检测信息可以被传输至外部。此处，外部可能是逆变器。控制器130与优化器通信的通信方法和控制器130与外部通信的通信方法可以彼此不同。可以与优化器执行PLC通信，并且可以与外部执行CAN通信或无线通信。此时，控制器130可以包括转换通信的通信转换单元(未示出)。The controller 130 may include a communication unit (not shown) for performing wired or wireless communication with the optimizer or an external device. The controller 130 may transmit and receive signals via wired communication with the optimizers 121, 122, and 123. In this case, power line communication (PLC communication) may be used. As described above, a power line is connected, and the power generated in the optimizer 121 is transmitted to the controller 130 via the power line, and thus PLC communication may be performed using the power line. Alternatively, wired communication may be performed via a separate communication line, or wireless communication such as RF, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, or Bluetooth communication may be performed. The operation of the optimizer may be controlled via PLC communication, or at least one parameter among the voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance of each battery string may be detected from the optimizer to monitor the status of the photovoltaic panel. The detected parameter may be used to control each optimizer, and abnormalities in each battery string or each optimizer may be detected. Abnormalities include faults, and for example, overvoltage, overcurrent, overheating, low voltage, etc. may be detected. The monitored information or abnormality detection information may be transmitted to an external device. In this case, the external device may be an inverter. The communication method used by the controller 130 to communicate with the optimizer and the communication method used by the controller 130 to communicate with the outside world may be different. PLC communication may be performed with the optimizer, and CAN communication or wireless communication may be performed with the outside world. In this case, the controller 130 may include a communication conversion unit (not shown) that converts the communication.
当从外部施加信号时，控制器130可以操作光伏模块100，并且当从外部阻断信号时，可以停止光伏模块100的操作。换句话说，光伏模块100可以根据是否从外部施加信号进行控制。When a signal is applied from the outside, the controller 130 may operate the photovoltaic module 100, and when the signal is blocked from the outside, may stop the operation of the photovoltaic module 100. In other words, the photovoltaic module 100 may be controlled according to whether a signal is applied from the outside.
当从外部接收到RSD信号或检测到电池串或优化器中的异常时，控制器130可以将控制器输出到外部的输出限制在阈值以下。当在电池串或优化器中出现异常时，电池串或优化器的操作必须停止，并且从光伏模块流向外部的电流必须快速减小。这被称为快速关闭(RSD)功能。这是在一定时间段内将光伏模块的电压或电流减小到阈值以下的功能，使得当光伏模块中出现异常时，接近光伏模块的人可以安全地接近它。当从外部接收到RSD信号或检测到电池串或优化器中的异常时，可以通过将控制器输出到外部的输出限制在阈值以下来执行RSD功能。例如，输入到输入端子132和133并且输出到输出端子134和135的输出可以被限制为1V或更小。为此，控制器130可以包括消耗电压的电阻元件以及连接或断开电阻元件的开关元件。When an RSD signal is received from the outside or an abnormality is detected in the battery string or optimizer, the controller 130 can limit the output of the controller to the outside to below a threshold. When an abnormality occurs in the battery string or optimizer, the operation of the battery string or optimizer must be stopped, and the current flowing from the photovoltaic module to the outside must be quickly reduced. This is called a rapid shutdown (RSD) function. This is a function that reduces the voltage or current of the photovoltaic module to below a threshold within a certain period of time, so that when an abnormality occurs in the photovoltaic module, people close to the photovoltaic module can safely approach it. When an RSD signal is received from the outside or an abnormality is detected in the battery string or optimizer, the RSD function can be performed by limiting the output of the controller to the outside to below a threshold. For example, the output input to the input terminals 132 and 133 and output to the output terminals 134 and 135 can be limited to 1V or less. To this end, the controller 130 may include a resistor element that consumes voltage and a switch element that connects or disconnects the resistor element.
如上所述，单独控制每个电池串111的优化器定位在对应的电池串111的位置处，如图6中所示。根据本发明的实施方式的光伏模块可以是包括电池串优化器的智能光伏模块(PV模块)，并且可以包括一个或更多个电池串111，每个电池串111配置有至少一个电池，以及电连接至各个电池串的电池串优化器121。优化器的输出可以与另一优化器串联连接。如图6中所示，可以包括多个电池串和各自的优化器，并且多个优化器可以在串联连接时通过内置在光伏面板中的导体连接。或者，它们可以在串联连接时通过外部导体连接。优化器的生成的电力可以输出到输出端子。优化器可以改变与电池串相关联的至少一个参数，以优化对应的电池串的发电。优化器可以包括用于发电优化的至少一个电力转换单元，并且电力转换单元可以配置有降压、升压或降压-升压转换器。优化器可以包括并联连接至输出端子的二极管，以优化光伏模块的发电。为了防止触电，优化器可以阻断各个电池串的电压。另外，光伏模块可以包括用于与其他光伏模块的连接的导体(电缆)。另外，优化器可以电连接至包括串联或并联或串并联连接的多个电池串的阵列。换句话说，优化器可以从多个电池串而不是单个电池串接收输入。As described above, an optimizer that individually controls each cell string 111 is positioned at the location of the corresponding cell string 111, as shown in FIG6 . A photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention may be a smart photovoltaic module (PV module) including a cell string optimizer, and may include one or more cell strings 111, each cell string 111 configured with at least one cell, and a cell string optimizer 121 electrically connected to each cell string. The output of the optimizer may be connected in series with another optimizer. As shown in FIG6 , multiple cell strings and respective optimizers may be included, and the multiple optimizers may be connected via conductors built into the photovoltaic panel when connected in series. Alternatively, they may be connected via external conductors when connected in series. The power generated by the optimizer may be output to an output terminal. The optimizer may change at least one parameter associated with the cell string to optimize the power generation of the corresponding cell string. The optimizer may include at least one power conversion unit for power generation optimization, and the power conversion unit may be configured with a buck, boost, or buck-boost converter. The optimizer may include a diode connected in parallel to the output terminal to optimize the power generation of the photovoltaic module. To prevent electric shock, the optimizer may block the voltage of each cell string. Additionally, the photovoltaic modules may include conductors (cables) for connection to other photovoltaic modules. Additionally, the optimizer may be electrically connected to an array comprising multiple strings of cells connected in series, parallel, or both. In other words, the optimizer may receive input from multiple strings of cells rather than a single string.
如图8中所示，根据本发明的实施方式的优化器模块121可以包括输入端子1211和1212、电力转换单元1215、输出端子1213和1214、旁路部分1216和辅助电力供应单元1218。As shown in FIG. 8 , the optimizer module 121 according to an embodiment of the present invention may include input terminals 1211 and 1212 , a power conversion unit 1215 , output terminals 1213 and 1214 , a bypass portion 1216 , and an auxiliary power supply unit 1218 .
控制器130根据输入到输入端子1211的电力来控制电力转换单元1215。控制器130可以控制电力转换单元1215来转换输入到输入端子1211的电力。控制器130可以控制电力转换单元1215，使得输入到输入端子1211的电池串111的输出电力被最大化。控制器可以向优化器121传输控制信号，使得其根据诸如输入/输出电压和电流、温度等的信息在最适当的模式下操作。控制器130可以检测和监测输入端子侧、输出端子侧上和优化器的内部的数据，并且相应地控制电力转换单元1215。例如，可以检测输入到输入端子1211的电池串111的电力、电力转换单元1215的输出电力或输出电流以及流向输出端子1213的电流。另外，控制器130可以控制辅助电力供应单元1218、旁路部分1216等。The controller 130 controls the power conversion unit 1215 based on the power input to the input terminal 1211. The controller 130 can control the power conversion unit 1215 to convert the power input to the input terminal 1211. The controller 130 can control the power conversion unit 1215 to maximize the output power of the battery string 111 input to the input terminal 1211. The controller can transmit control signals to the optimizer 121, causing it to operate in the most appropriate mode based on information such as input/output voltage and current, temperature, and so on. The controller 130 can detect and monitor data on the input and output terminals, as well as within the optimizer, and control the power conversion unit 1215 accordingly. For example, the controller 130 can detect the power of the battery string 111 input to the input terminal 1211, the output power or output current of the power conversion unit 1215, and the current flowing to the output terminal 1213. Furthermore, the controller 130 can control the auxiliary power supply unit 1218, the bypass unit 1216, and the like.
旁路部分1216可以并联连接在两个输出端子1213与1214之间。旁路部分1216可以在输出端子1213与1214之间创建旁路路径，该旁路路径旁路与电力转换单元1215的连接。如果从电力转换单元1215输出的第一电流低于在输出端子中流动的第二电流，则旁路部分1216可以导通。如果在优化器模块200内部被转换和输出的第一电流低于在连接至另一优化器模块的输出端子1213中流动的第二电流，则电流可以从其他输出端子1213流入优化器模块200。这会导致错误，例如优化器模块200中的故障或电力浪费的问题。因此，在这种情况下，流向输出端子1213的电流流经旁路部分1216，从而旁路优化器模块200。此处，旁路部分1216可以包括二极管。由于二极管只允许电流在一个方向上流动，因此只有该方向上的电流可以旁路。Bypass section 1216 can be connected in parallel between the two output terminals 1213 and 1214. Bypass section 1216 can create a bypass path between output terminals 1213 and 1214, bypassing the connection to power conversion unit 1215. If the first current output from power conversion unit 1215 is lower than the second current flowing through the output terminal, bypass section 1216 can be turned on. If the first current converted and output within optimizer module 200 is lower than the second current flowing through output terminal 1213 connected to another optimizer module, current can flow from the other output terminal 1213 into optimizer module 200. This can lead to errors, such as malfunctions in optimizer module 200 or power waste. Therefore, in this case, the current flowing to output terminal 1213 flows through bypass section 1216, thereby bypassing optimizer module 200. Bypass section 1216 can include a diode. Since a diode only allows current to flow in one direction, only current in that direction can be bypassed.
辅助电力供应单元1218可以使用输入到输入端子1211的电力来生成辅助电力。优化器模块200需要辅助电力，该辅助电力是用于转换电力或执行控制的电源。辅助电力供应单元1218可以使用输入到输入端子1211的电力生成辅助电力，并且将所生成的辅助电力提供给电力转换单元1215。辅助电力供应单元1218可以在降压模式或升压模式下操作。输入到输入端子1211的电力可以根据光伏电力的量而变化，但是电力转换单元1215或控制器130操作所需的辅助电力可以不变。因此，如果输入的电力的电压低于辅助电源的电压，则辅助电力供应单元1218可以在升压模式下操作，以及如果输入的电力的电压高于辅助电源的电压，则辅助电力供应单元1218可以在降压模式下操作。Auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can generate auxiliary power using the power input to input terminal 1211. The optimizer module 200 requires auxiliary power, which is a power source used to convert power or perform control. Auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can generate auxiliary power using the power input to input terminal 1211 and provide the generated auxiliary power to power conversion unit 1215. Auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in either buck mode or boost mode. The power input to input terminal 1211 can vary depending on the amount of photovoltaic power, but the auxiliary power required for operation of power conversion unit 1215 or controller 130 can remain constant. Therefore, if the voltage of the input power is lower than the voltage of the auxiliary power source, auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in boost mode, and if the voltage of the input power is higher than the voltage of the auxiliary power source, auxiliary power supply unit 1218 can operate in buck mode.
图9是根据本发明的另一实施方式的光伏模块的框图，以及图10至图13是用于说明根据图9的实施方式的光伏模块的图。根据图9的实施方式的光伏模块的每个部件的详细描述对应于图1至图8的光伏模块的部件的详细描述，并且因此任何重复的描述将在下文中简要说明。FIG9 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG10 to FIG13 are diagrams for explaining the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG9. The detailed description of each component of the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG9 corresponds to the detailed description of the components of the photovoltaic module of FIG1 to FIG8, and therefore any repeated description will be briefly explained below.
根据本发明的另一实施方式的光伏模块包括：光伏面板110，其包括多个电池串；多个优化器121，每个优化器121电连接至电池串中的每一个的输出电力并且彼此串联地电连接；以及控制器130，其电连接至串联电连接的多个优化器的两端，其中，控制器130设置在第一壳体310中，并且每个优化器设置在第二壳体210-1至210-3中，其中，第二壳体210-1与另一第二壳体串联地电连接。A photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention includes: a photovoltaic panel 110, which includes a plurality of battery strings; a plurality of optimizers 121, each optimizer 121 being electrically connected to the output power of each of the battery strings and electrically connected in series with each other; and a controller 130, which is electrically connected to both ends of the plurality of optimizers electrically connected in series, wherein the controller 130 is disposed in a first shell 310, and each optimizer is disposed in a second shell 210-1 to 210-3, wherein the second shell 210-1 is electrically connected in series with another second shell.
优化器121和控制器130可以设置在不同的壳体中。控制器130可以设置在第一壳体310内部，并且每个优化器121可以分别设置在第二壳体210-1至210-3内部。如图10中所示，控制器130和每个优化器121可以设置在每个壳体中。每个第二壳体210-1可以以阵列形式与相邻的第二壳体210-2和210-3串联设置，并且第一壳体310可以连接至第二壳体串的两端。第二壳体210之间的连接可以连接至光伏面板110的内部连接(连接-1)或外部连接(连接-2)。The optimizer 121 and the controller 130 can be arranged in different housings. The controller 130 can be arranged inside the first housing 310, and each optimizer 121 can be arranged inside the second housings 210-1 to 210-3, respectively. As shown in Figure 10, the controller 130 and each optimizer 121 can be arranged in each housing. Each second housing 210-1 can be arranged in series with adjacent second housings 210-2 and 210-3 in an array form, and the first housing 310 can be connected to both ends of the second housing string. The connection between the second housings 210 can be connected to the internal connection (connection-1) or the external connection (connection-2) of the photovoltaic panel 110.
第一壳体310可以包括：与通过串联连接多个第二壳体而形成的串的两端连接的两个输入端子331和332；以及与外部或其他光伏模块的第一壳体连接的两个输出端子341和342。如图11中所示，第一壳体310包括连接至第二壳体210的两个输入端子331和332以及连接至外部的两个输出端子341和342。用于操作控制器130的电路可以设置在壳体321至323内部。如图12中所示，电路可以设置在至少一个基板320上，并且每个电路可以根据其功能被模块化并且被安装在基板上。控制器130可以从优化器121检测电压、电流、温度、湿度和辐照度之中的至少一个参数，并且根据所述参数检测每个电池串111或每个优化器121是否异常。The first housing 310 may include: two input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the two ends of a string formed by connecting a plurality of second housings in series; and two output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the outside or the first housing of another photovoltaic module. As shown in FIG11 , the first housing 310 includes two input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housing 210 and two output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the outside. The circuit for operating the controller 130 may be provided inside the housings 321 to 323. As shown in FIG12 , the circuit may be provided on at least one substrate 320, and each circuit may be modularized and mounted on the substrate according to its function. The controller 130 may detect at least one parameter among voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance from the optimizer 121, and detect whether each battery string 111 or each optimizer 121 is abnormal based on the parameter.
第二壳体210可以包括：与每个电池串的两端处的输出端子连接的两个输入端子211和212；以及与相邻的第二壳体或第一壳体连接的两个输出端子221和222。每个第二壳体210被定位成与每个电池串111的位置相对应，并且每个电池串的两端处的输出端子和输入端子211和212被连接以接收电池串的输出。输入到输入端子211和212的功率可以通过优化器的最大功率点跟踪控制来优化。优化器121配置有输入端子331和332、电力转换器以及输出端子342和343，并且可以包括辅助电力供应单元和旁路部分。另外，电压通过包括在优化器中的电力转换单元(例如DC-DC转换器)来改变，并且被输出到输出端子221和222。第二壳体210的输出端子221和222中的至少一者连接至另一第二壳体的输出端子。当第二壳体210位于优化器串的一端时，另一输出端子连接至第一壳体310，并且当第二壳体210位于优化器串的中心处时，另一输出端子连接至与相对端相邻的第二壳体。The second housing 210 may include: two input terminals 211 and 212 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; and two output terminals 221 and 222 connected to the adjacent second housing or first housing. Each second housing 210 is positioned to correspond to the position of each battery string 111, and the output terminals and input terminals 211 and 212 at both ends of each battery string are connected to receive the output of the battery string. The power input to the input terminals 211 and 212 can be optimized by the maximum power point tracking control of the optimizer. The optimizer 121 is configured with input terminals 331 and 332, a power converter, and output terminals 342 and 343, and may include an auxiliary power supply unit and a bypass section. In addition, the voltage is changed by a power conversion unit (e.g., a DC-DC converter) included in the optimizer and is output to the output terminals 221 and 222. At least one of the output terminals 221 and 222 of the second housing 210 is connected to the output terminal of the other second housing. The other output terminal is connected to the first housing 310 when the second housing 210 is located at one end of the optimizer string, and is connected to the second housing adjacent to the opposite end when the second housing 210 is located at the center of the optimizer string.
当连接至相邻的第二壳体时，输出端子221和222可以串联连接。此时，输出端子可以通过内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分连接。此处，内置在光伏面板中的连接部分可以包括汇流条或电缆。或者，其可以通过连接至光伏面板的外部的连接部分来连接。如图10中所示，当第二壳体被连接时，其可以通过内置在光伏面板110中的连接部分(连接-1)或通过连接至外部的连接部分(连接-2)来连接。When connected to the adjacent second housing, the output terminals 221 and 222 can be connected in series. In this case, the output terminals can be connected through a connection portion built into the photovoltaic panel 110. Here, the connection portion built into the photovoltaic panel may include a bus bar or a cable. Alternatively, it can be connected through a connection portion connected to the outside of the photovoltaic panel. As shown in Figure 10, when the second housing is connected, it can be connected through a connection portion built into the photovoltaic panel 110 (connection-1) or through a connection portion connected to the outside (connection-2).
第二壳体210可以包括并联连接在两个输出端子221与222之间的旁路部分，并且第二壳体210可以位于与每个电池串的输出端子相对应的位置处。The second case 210 may include a bypass portion connected in parallel between the two output terminals 221 and 222 , and the second case 210 may be located at a position corresponding to the output terminal of each battery string.
第一壳体310或第二壳体210可以包括壳体本体和覆盖壳体本体的壳体盖，并且壳体本体和壳体盖可以形成有防水结构。壳体的内部可以形成有防水结构。壳体可以形成在光伏模块的一侧上，并且由于其位于室外，其可能会暴露于雨水中，并且因此可以形成为具有防水结构。可以在连接至每个连接端子的优化器中形成防水结构。也就是说，具有防水结构的壳体内部结构可以形成在壳体内部，并且优化器可以设置在防水结构内部以保护设置在壳体内部的部件。The first housing 310 or the second housing 210 may include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body, and the housing body and the housing cover may be formed with a waterproof structure. The interior of the housing may be formed with a waterproof structure. The housing may be formed on one side of the photovoltaic module and, since it is located outdoors, it may be exposed to rainwater and, therefore, may be formed with a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure may be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, a housing internal structure having a waterproof structure may be formed inside the housing, and the optimizer may be disposed within the waterproof structure to protect the components disposed inside the housing.
第一壳体310或第二壳体210可以在其内部填充有散热材料。壳体本体的内部可以填充有散热材料。当电力被转换时，产生热量，并且为了防止由于热量导致的错误，热量可以被排放至外部。壳体内部的空间可以填充有硅树脂或环氧树脂材料。The first housing 310 or the second housing 210 may be filled with a heat dissipation material. The interior of the housing body may be filled with a heat dissipation material. When power is converted, heat is generated, and to prevent errors caused by heat, the heat can be discharged to the outside. The space inside the housing may be filled with silicone or epoxy resin.
第一壳体310或第二壳体210可以可从光伏面板110拆卸和可附接至光伏面板110。优化器121或控制器130可以分别可从第二壳体210-1或第一壳体310拆卸和可附接至第二壳体210-1或第一壳体310。优化器121可以通过与输入端子211和212或输出端子221和222连接或断开来可从壳体本体拆卸和可附接至壳体本体。此时，每个端子可以螺纹耦接。在优化器中出现故障的情况下，只有优化器，而不是整个优化器模块，可以被拆卸和附接，以允许替换和/或修理工作。或者，其可以以各种方式例如通过钩耦接或焊接设置在壳体本体中。The first housing 310 or the second housing 210 can be detachable from and attachable to the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizer 121 or the controller 130 can be detachable from and attachable to the second housing 210-1 or the first housing 310, respectively. The optimizer 121 can be detachable from and attachable to the housing body by connecting or disconnecting with the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. At this time, each terminal can be threadedly coupled. In the event of a fault in the optimizer, only the optimizer, rather than the entire optimizer module, can be detached and attached to allow replacement and/or repair work. Alternatively, it can be set in the housing body in various ways, such as by hook coupling or welding.
图14是根据本发明的另一实施方式的光伏模块的框图，以及图15至图17是用于说明根据图14的实施方式的光伏模块的图。图18是根据本发明的另一实施方式的光伏模块的框图，以及图19是用于说明根据图18的实施方式的光伏模块的图。图14至图19的每个部件的详细描述对应于图1至图13的光伏模块的每个部件的详细描述，并且任何重复的描述将在下文中简要描述。FIG14 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG15 to FIG17 are diagrams for explaining the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG14. FIG18 is a block diagram of a photovoltaic module according to another embodiment of the present invention, and FIG19 is a diagram for explaining the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG18. The detailed description of each component of FIG14 to FIG19 corresponds to the detailed description of each component of the photovoltaic module of FIG13, and any repeated description will be briefly described below.
根据本发明的实施方式的光伏模块包括：光伏面板110，其包括多个电池串；第一壳体321，其连接至多个电池串中的一个；以及第二壳体220，其连接至除了连接至第一壳体321的电池串之外的电池串，其中，第二壳体220包括设置在其中的第一优化器121，并且第一壳体321包括：与第一优化器121串联连接的第二优化器124；以及控制器130，其连接至通过串联连接第一优化器121和第二优化器124而形成的优化器串的两端。A photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a photovoltaic panel 110, which includes a plurality of battery strings; a first shell 321, which is connected to one of the plurality of battery strings; and a second shell 220, which is connected to a battery string other than the battery string connected to the first shell 321, wherein the second shell 220 includes a first optimizer 121 arranged therein, and the first shell 321 includes: a second optimizer 124 connected in series with the first optimizer 121; and a controller 130, which is connected to both ends of the optimizer string formed by connecting the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 in series.
不同于图9至图13的优化器和控制器形成在单独的壳体中的实施方式，根据图14的实施方式的光伏模块具有与多个优化器中的一个优化器一起设置在单个集成壳体内部的控制器。Unlike the embodiments of FIG. 9 to FIG. 13 in which the optimizer and the controller are formed in separate housings, the photovoltaic module according to the embodiment of FIG. 14 has the controller provided inside a single integrated housing together with one of the optimizers.
也就是说，第二优化器124和控制器130可以设置在第一壳体321中，并且第一优化器121可以设置在第二壳体220中。此处，第一优化器121和第二优化器124是有区别的，但是这是它们是设置在与控制器130相同的第一壳体321中还是设置在第二壳体220中的区别，并且与电池串111的连接关系、与其他优化器的连接关系等可以以相同的方式连接。也就是说，第二优化器和包括多个第一优化器的多个优化器各自电连接至电池串111的输出端子，并且彼此串联地电连接。控制器130还连接至通过连接第一优化器121和第二优化器124(也就是说，串联的多个优化器)而形成的优化器串的两端。也就是说，优化器之间的连接关系以及控制器与优化器之间的连接关系对应于图1至图13的光伏模块的配置。因此，即使第二优化器124被设置在与控制器130相同的第一壳体321内部，如果第二优化器位于优化器串的中间，则控制器130也可以连接至第一优化器121而不是第二优化器124。也就是说，包括在同一壳体中的第二优化器124和控制器130可以在壳体内部不直接连接。如图15中所示，每个优化器被定位成与每个电池串111的位置相对应并且被设置在每个壳体内部，并且壳体中的一个可以被配置成使得优化器和控制器130被集成在一起并且被设置在壳体内部。控制器130在内部处于与一个优化器相同的位置，并且在内部与电池串中的一个的位置相对应。That is, the second optimizer 124 and the controller 130 can be disposed in the first housing 321, and the first optimizer 121 can be disposed in the second housing 220. Here, the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 are distinguished, but this is the difference between whether they are disposed in the same first housing 321 as the controller 130 or in the second housing 220, and the connection relationship with the battery string 111, the connection relationship with other optimizers, etc. can be connected in the same manner. That is, the second optimizer and the multiple optimizers including the multiple first optimizers are each electrically connected to the output terminals of the battery string 111 and are electrically connected in series with each other. The controller 130 is also connected to both ends of the optimizer string formed by connecting the first optimizer 121 and the second optimizer 124 (that is, the multiple optimizers connected in series). That is, the connection relationship between the optimizers and the connection relationship between the controller and the optimizer correspond to the configuration of the photovoltaic module of Figures 1 to 13. Therefore, even if the second optimizer 124 is disposed inside the same first housing 321 as the controller 130, if the second optimizer is located in the middle of the optimizer string, the controller 130 may be connected to the first optimizer 121 instead of the second optimizer 124. That is, the second optimizer 124 and the controller 130 included in the same housing may not be directly connected inside the housing. As shown in FIG15 , each optimizer is positioned to correspond to the position of each battery string 111 and is disposed inside each housing, and one of the housings may be configured so that the optimizer and the controller 130 are integrated together and disposed inside the housing. The controller 130 is internally located in the same position as one optimizer and internally corresponds to the position of one of the battery strings.
此时，第一壳体321可以包括：与每个电池串的两端处的输出端子连接的两个第一输入端子351和352，与相邻的第二壳体连接的两个第一输出端子361和362，与位于优化器串的两端的第二壳体220连接的两个第二输入端子331和332，以及与外部或其他光伏模块的第一壳体连接的两个第二输出端子341和342。如在图16中，当第一壳体321设置在第二壳体220之间时，也就是说，第一壳体321包括比第二壳体220更多的输入/输出端子。所需的连接端子的数目根据电池串、优化器和控制器之间的连接关系而变化，并且包括优化器和控制器的第一壳体321比第二壳体220需要更多的输入/输出端子。In this case, the first housing 321 may include: two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; two first output terminals 361 and 362 connected to the adjacent second housing; two second input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housings 220 located at both ends of the optimizer string; and two second output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the first housings of external or other photovoltaic modules. As shown in FIG16 , when the first housing 321 is disposed between the second housings 220, that is, the first housing 321 includes more input/output terminals than the second housing 220. The number of required connection terminals varies depending on the connection relationship between the battery string, the optimizer, and the controller, and the first housing 321 including the optimizer and the controller requires more input/output terminals than the second housing 220.
如图17中所示，第一壳体321可以包括：与每个电池串的两端处的输出端子连接的两个第一输入端子351和352、与相邻的第二壳体220连接的两个第一输出端子361和362、与位于优化器串的两端的第二壳体220-1和220-2连接的两个第二输入端子331和332、以及与外部或其他光伏模块的第一壳体连接的两个第二输出端子341和342。也就是说，第一壳体321可以包括两倍于第二壳体220的输入/输出端子。第一输入端子351和352以及第一输出端子361和362可以在壳体内部连接至第一优化器124，并且第二输入端子331和332以及第二输出端子341和342可以在壳体内部连接至控制器130。As shown in FIG17 , the first housing 321 may include two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each cell string, two first output terminals 361 and 362 connected to the adjacent second housing 220, two second input terminals 331 and 332 connected to the second housings 220-1 and 220-2 located at both ends of the optimizer string, and two second output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the first housings of external or other photovoltaic modules. In other words, the first housing 321 may include twice as many input/output terminals as the second housing 220. The first input terminals 351 and 352 and the first output terminals 361 and 362 may be connected to the first optimizer 124 within the housing, and the second input terminals 331 and 332 and the second output terminals 341 and 342 may be connected to the controller 130 within the housing.
在第一壳体321内部，设置第二优化器124的区域和设置控制器130的区域可以彼此分离和隔离。如图14至图16中所示，第二优化器124不应直接连接至控制器130，因此设置第二优化器124的区域和设置控制器130的区域可以分离。执行每个功能的多个控制模块可以设置在设置控制器130的区域中。可以执行诸如监测、通信和RSD的功能。Inside the first housing 321, the area where the second optimizer 124 is located and the area where the controller 130 is located can be separated and isolated from each other. As shown in Figures 14 to 16, the second optimizer 124 should not be directly connected to the controller 130, so the area where the second optimizer 124 is located and the area where the controller 130 is located can be separated. Multiple control modules that perform various functions can be located in the area where the controller 130 is located. Functions such as monitoring, communication, and RSD can be performed.
控制器130可以从优化器121和124检测电压、电流、温度、湿度和辐照度之中的至少一个参数，并且根据所述参数检测每个电池串或每个优化器是否异常。如果控制器130检测到每个电池串或每个优化器是否异常，则控制器130可以将从第二输出端子341和342输出的电压限制在阈值以下。例如，控制器可以执行RSD功能，以通过将电压限制在1V以下来快速降低电压。The controller 130 can detect at least one parameter from the optimizers 121 and 124, including voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance, and detect whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal based on the parameter. If the controller 130 detects an abnormality in each battery string or each optimizer, it can limit the voltage output from the second output terminals 341 and 342 to below a threshold. For example, the controller can perform an RSD function to quickly reduce the voltage by limiting the voltage to below 1V.
第二壳体220可以包括：与每个电池串的两端处的输出端子连接的两个第一输入端子211和212；以及与相邻的第二壳体220或第一壳体321连接的两个第一输出端子221和222。第二壳体220可以包括并联连接在两个第一输出端子221与222之间的旁路部分1218。第二壳体220可以位于与每个电池串的输出端子相对应的位置处。The second housing 220 may include two first input terminals 211 and 212 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string, and two first output terminals 221 and 222 connected to adjacent second housings 220 or first housings 321. The second housing 220 may include a bypass portion 1218 connected in parallel between the two first output terminals 221 and 222. The second housing 220 may be located at a position corresponding to the output terminals of each battery string.
第一壳体321或第二壳体220可以包括壳体本体和覆盖壳体本体的壳体盖，并且壳体本体和壳体盖可以形成有防水结构。壳体的内部可以形成有防水结构。壳体可以形成在光伏模块的一侧上，并且由于其位于室外，其可能会暴露于雨水中，并且因此可以形成为具有防水结构。可以在连接至每个连接端子的优化器中形成防水结构。也就是说，具有防水结构的壳体内部结构可以形成在壳体内部，并且优化器可以设置在防水结构内部以保护设置在壳体内部的部件。The first housing 321 or the second housing 220 may include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body, and the housing body and the housing cover may be formed with a waterproof structure. The interior of the housing may be formed with a waterproof structure. The housing may be formed on one side of the photovoltaic module and, since it is located outdoors, it may be exposed to rainwater and, therefore, may be formed with a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure may be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, a housing internal structure having a waterproof structure may be formed inside the housing, and the optimizer may be disposed within the waterproof structure to protect the components disposed within the housing.
第一壳体321或第二壳体220可以在其内部填充有散热材料。壳体本体的内部可以填充有散热材料。当电力被转换时，产生热量，并且为了防止由于热量导致的错误，热量可以被排放至外部。壳体内部的空间可以填充有硅树脂或环氧树脂材料。The first housing 321 or the second housing 220 may be filled with a heat dissipation material. The interior of the housing body may be filled with a heat dissipation material. When electricity is converted, heat is generated, and to prevent errors caused by heat, the heat can be discharged to the outside. The space inside the housing may be filled with silicone or epoxy resin.
第一壳体321或第二壳体220可以可从光伏面板110拆卸和可附接至光伏面板110。优化器121和124或控制器130可以分别可从第二壳体220-1或第一壳体321拆卸和可附接至第二壳体220-1或第一壳体321。优化器121可以通过与输入端子211和212或输出端子221和222连接或断开来可从壳体本体拆卸和可附接至壳体本体。此时，每个端子可以螺纹耦接。在优化器中出现故障的情况下，只有优化器，而不是整个优化器模块，可以被拆卸和附接，以允许替换和/或修理工作。或者，其可以以各种方式例如通过钩耦接或焊接设置在壳体本体中。The first housing 321 or the second housing 220 can be detachable from and attachable to the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizers 121 and 124 or the controller 130 can be detachable from and attachable to the second housing 220-1 or the first housing 321, respectively. The optimizer 121 can be detachable from and attachable to the housing body by connecting or disconnecting with the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. At this time, each terminal can be threadedly coupled. In the event of a fault in the optimizer, only the optimizer, rather than the entire optimizer module, can be detached and attached to allow replacement and/or repair work. Alternatively, it can be set in the housing body in various ways, such as by hook coupling or welding.
当第二优化器125定位在优化器串的一端时，控制器130可以在第一壳体322内部连接至第二优化器125。如图18中所示，当第二优化器125定位在优化器串的一端时，第二优化器125必须连接至设置在同一壳体中的控制器130。在这种情况下，第二优化器125和控制器130可以在壳体内部直接连接。也就是说，在这种情况下，由于可以在壳体内部进行连接，因此可以减少连接至外部的输入/输出端子的数目。When the second optimizer 125 is positioned at one end of the optimizer string, the controller 130 can be connected to the second optimizer 125 within the first housing 322. As shown in FIG18 , when the second optimizer 125 is positioned at one end of the optimizer string, the second optimizer 125 must be connected to the controller 130 disposed in the same housing. In this case, the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 can be directly connected within the housing. In other words, in this case, since the connection can be made within the housing, the number of input/output terminals connected to the outside can be reduced.
此时，第一壳体322可以包括：与每个电池串的两端处的输出端子连接的两个第一输入端子351和352；与相邻的第二壳体连接的一个第一输出端子362；与位于优化器串的另一端的第二壳体220连接的一个第二输入端子322；以及与外部或其他光伏模块的第一壳体连接的两个第二输出端子341和342。At this time, the first shell 322 may include: two first input terminals 351 and 352 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string; a first output terminal 362 connected to the adjacent second shell; a second input terminal 322 connected to the second shell 220 located at the other end of the optimizer string; and two second output terminals 341 and 342 connected to the first shell of the external or other photovoltaic modules.
比较图17和图19，在图19的情况下，可以看出连接至外部的两个输入/输出端子可以减少，并且可以增加壳体内部的连接线370。代替单独的连接线，第二优化器125和控制器130可以利用图案等连接在板上。也就是说，根据第二优化器125和控制器130集成在其中的第一壳体322的位置，可以减少连接优化器和控制器的输入/输出端子和电缆的数目。在第一壳体322内部，可以区分设置第二优化器125的区域和设置控制器130的区域，并且它们可以彼此隔离。执行每个功能的多个控制模块可以设置在设置控制器130的区域中。可以执行诸如监测、通信和RSD的功能。Comparing Figures 17 and 19, in the case of Figure 19, it can be seen that the two input/output terminals connected to the outside can be reduced, and the connecting wires 370 inside the housing can be increased. Instead of separate connecting wires, the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 can be connected on a board using a pattern or the like. That is, according to the position of the first housing 322 in which the second optimizer 125 and the controller 130 are integrated, the number of input/output terminals and cables connecting the optimizer and the controller can be reduced. Inside the first housing 322, the area where the second optimizer 125 is set and the area where the controller 130 is set can be distinguished, and they can be isolated from each other. Multiple control modules that perform each function can be set in the area where the controller 130 is set. Functions such as monitoring, communication, and RSD can be performed.
控制器130可以从优化器122和125检测电压、电流、温度、湿度和辐照度之中的至少一个参数，并且根据所述参数检测每个电池串或每个优化器是否异常。如果控制器130检测到每个电池串或每个优化器是否异常，则控制器130可以将从第二输出端子341和342输出的电压限制在阈值以下。例如，控制器可以执行RSD功能，以通过将电压限制在1V以下来快速降低电压。The controller 130 can detect at least one parameter from the optimizers 122 and 125, including voltage, current, temperature, humidity, and irradiance, and detect whether each battery string or each optimizer is abnormal based on the parameter. If the controller 130 detects an abnormality in each battery string or each optimizer, it can limit the voltage output from the second output terminals 341 and 342 to below a threshold. For example, the controller can perform an RSD function to quickly reduce the voltage by limiting the voltage to below 1V.
第二壳体220-2可以包括：与每个电池串的两端的输出端子连接的两个第一输入端子211和212；以及与相邻的第二壳体220-3或第一壳体211连接的两个第一输出端子221和222。第二壳体220可以包括并联连接在两个第一输出端子221与222之间的旁路部分1218。第二壳体220可以位于与每个电池串的输出端子相对应的位置处。The second housing 220-2 may include two first input terminals 211 and 212 connected to the output terminals at both ends of each battery string, and two first output terminals 221 and 222 connected to the adjacent second housing 220-3 or first housing 211. The second housing 220 may include a bypass portion 1218 connected in parallel between the two first output terminals 221 and 222. The second housing 220 may be located at a position corresponding to the output terminal of each battery string.
第一壳体322或第二壳体220可以包括壳体本体和覆盖壳体本体的壳体盖，并且壳体本体和壳体盖可以形成有防水结构。壳体的内部可以形成有防水结构。壳体可以形成在光伏模块的一侧上，并且由于其位于室外，其可能会暴露于雨水中，因此可以形成为具有防水结构。可以在连接至每个连接端子的优化器中形成防水结构。也就是说，具有防水结构的壳体内部结构可以形成在壳体内部，并且优化器可以设置在防水结构内部以保护设置在壳体内部的部件。The first housing 322 or the second housing 220 may include a housing body and a housing cover covering the housing body, and the housing body and the housing cover may be formed with a waterproof structure. The interior of the housing may be formed with a waterproof structure. The housing may be formed on one side of the photovoltaic module and, since it is located outdoors and may be exposed to rainwater, may be formed with a waterproof structure. A waterproof structure may be formed in the optimizer connected to each connection terminal. In other words, a housing internal structure having a waterproof structure may be formed inside the housing, and the optimizer may be disposed within the waterproof structure to protect the components disposed within the housing.
第一壳体322或第二壳体220可以在其内部填充有散热材料。壳体本体的内部可以填充有散热材料。当电力被转换时，产生热量，并且为了防止由于热量导致的错误，热量可以被排放至外部。壳体内部的空间可以填充有硅树脂或环氧树脂材料。The first housing 322 or the second housing 220 may be filled with a heat dissipation material. The interior of the housing body may be filled with a heat dissipation material. When power is converted, heat is generated, and to prevent errors caused by heat, the heat can be discharged to the outside. The space inside the housing may be filled with silicone or epoxy resin.
第一壳体322或第二壳体220可以可从光伏面板110拆卸和可附接至光伏面板110。优化器122和125或控制器130可以分别可从第二壳体220-2或第一壳体322拆卸和可附接至第二壳体220-2或第一壳体322。优化器122可以通过与输入端子211和212或输出端子221和222连接或断开来可从壳体本体拆卸和可附接至壳体本体。此时，每个端子可以螺纹耦接。在优化器中出现故障的情况下，只有优化器，而不是整个优化器模块，可以被拆卸和附接，以允许替换和/或修理工作。或者，其可以以各种方式例如通过钩耦接或焊接设置在壳体本体中。The first housing 322 or the second housing 220 can be detachable from and attachable to the photovoltaic panel 110. The optimizer 122 and 125 or the controller 130 can be detachable from and attachable to the second housing 220-2 or the first housing 322, respectively. The optimizer 122 can be detachable from and attachable to the housing body by connecting or disconnecting with the input terminals 211 and 212 or the output terminals 221 and 222. At this time, each terminal can be threadedly coupled. In the event of a fault in the optimizer, only the optimizer, rather than the entire optimizer module, can be detached and attached to allow replacement and/or repair work. Alternatively, it can be set in the housing body in various ways, such as by hook coupling or welding.
光伏模块可以以多个连接。多个光伏模块可以通过导体彼此串联连接，或者通过导体连接至外部。每个光伏模块可以包括上述光伏面板以及优化器和控制器。Photovoltaic modules can be connected in multiples. Multiple photovoltaic modules can be connected in series with each other through conductors, or connected to the outside through conductors. Each photovoltaic module can include the above-mentioned photovoltaic panel as well as an optimizer and controller.
如上所述，通过将优化器模块定位在与电池串的输出端子相对应的位置处，用于连接光伏面板和优化器的电缆的数目可以减少，从而便于操作。另外，通过连接一个控制器和多个优化器，可以由一个控制器进行控制。As described above, by positioning the optimizer module at a position corresponding to the output terminals of the battery string, the number of cables used to connect the photovoltaic panel and the optimizer can be reduced, thereby facilitating operation. In addition, by connecting a controller to multiple optimizers, they can be controlled by a single controller.
与本实施方式相关的本领域技术人员将理解，在不脱离其基本特性的情况下，可以以修改的形式实现上述描述。因此，所公开的方法应当从说明性而非限制性的角度来考虑。本发明的范围由权利要求书而不是以上描述指示，并且与其等效的范围内的所有差异应当被解释为包括在本发明中。Those skilled in the art associated with this embodiment will understand that the above description can be implemented in a modified form without departing from its basic characteristics. Therefore, the disclosed method should be considered from an illustrative rather than a restrictive perspective. The scope of the present invention is indicated by the claims rather than the above description, and all differences within the scope of their equivalence should be interpreted as included in the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR10-2023-0010415 | 2023-01-26 | ||
| KR1020230010415AKR20240117943A (en) | 2023-01-26 | 2023-01-26 | PV(photovoltaic) module |
| PCT/KR2024/001119WO2024158204A1 (en) | 2023-01-26 | 2024-01-24 | Photovoltaic module |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN120604644Atrue CN120604644A (en) | 2025-09-05 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202480009131.8APendingCN120604644A (en) | 2023-01-26 | 2024-01-24 | Photovoltaic module |
| Country | Link |
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| KR (1) | KR20240117943A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN120604644A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2024158204A1 (en) |
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