Metal powder 3D printing equipmentTechnical Field
The application relates to the technical field of 3D printing, in particular to metal powder 3D printing equipment.
Background
The metal powder 3D printing equipment is an advanced manufacturing technology, and is particularly suitable for manufacturing complex geometric shapes by constructing three-dimensional entities through a mode of adding materials layer by layer. Such devices are widely used in a number of fields such as aerospace, automotive industry, medical devices, and the like.
The existing metal 3D printing equipment generally adopts a reciprocating scanning type laser printing mode in the printing process, and the laser head is used for scanning point by point or line by line on a powder layer to finish section forming, so that the problems of low printing efficiency, poor forming precision, complex equipment structure, high maintenance cost and the like exist in the mode, the metal powder is easy to be unevenly distributed in the printing process, the printing quality is unstable, meanwhile, the existing equipment is mainly independently operated in auxiliary processes such as powder filling and laying, synchronous and coordinated operation of multiple processes is difficult to realize, and the integral printing efficiency is further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides metal powder 3D printing equipment which has the advantages of synchronous working procedures and high printing efficiency and is used for solving the problem of low printing efficiency of scanning type metal powder 3D printing equipment.
In order to achieve the purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme that the metal powder 3D printing equipment comprises a shell, wherein valves are sleeved on the front side and the rear side of the shell in a sliding manner, and the metal powder 3D printing equipment further comprises:
the feeding mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell;
The feeding mechanism consists of a powder shell, a pushing mechanism and a carrying mechanism;
The main shaft mechanism is movably sleeved at the middle part of the powder shell;
the mounting plate is movably sleeved on the upper part of the spindle mechanism, the mounting plate is fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the inner cavity of the shell, and mounting grooves are formed in the left side and the right side of the mounting plate;
The two retracting mechanisms are respectively arranged in the middle of the two mounting grooves;
the two laser mechanisms are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the bottom surface of the mounting plate;
The rotary table is movably sleeved on the upper part of the main shaft mechanism, the rotary table is movably sleeved with the shell, a plurality of limiting holes are fixedly arranged on the circumference of the upper surface of the rotary table at equal intervals, and the mounting plate is positioned above the rotary table;
the supporting mechanisms are respectively arranged in the middle of the limiting holes;
and the optical mode mechanisms are respectively arranged in the middle parts of the retraction mechanism and the supporting mechanism.
Preferably, the powder shell comprises a powder groove, the powder groove is formed in the upper surface of the powder shell, guide grooves are symmetrically formed in the left side and the right side of the upper surface of the powder groove, and the carrying mechanism is arranged in the middle of the guide grooves.
Preferably, the pushing mechanism comprises a connecting ring, the connecting ring is fixedly sleeved at the middle part of the main shaft mechanism, a plurality of pushing sheets are fixedly mounted at equal intervals on the circumference of the bottom end of the connecting ring, and the bottom surfaces of the pushing sheets are smooth planes.
Preferably, the carrying mechanism comprises a first thread seat, the bottom in guide way inner chamber is fixed to first thread seat, first threaded rod has been cup jointed in the middle part activity of first thread seat, first gear has been cup jointed to the bottom fixed of first threaded rod, the top threaded connection of first threaded rod has a carrying seat, carrying seat and guide way slip cup joint, the air vent has been seted up at the middle part of first threaded rod, the cooperation clearance between carrying seat and the guide way is less than the minimum diameter of printing with metal powder, the front side carrying mechanism with the rear side the screw thread direction of the first threaded rod of carrying mechanism is opposite.
Preferably, the main shaft mechanism comprises a main shaft, the main shaft is movably sleeved at the middle part of the powder shell, the top end of the main shaft is fixedly sleeved with a driven wheel, the top of the main shaft is fixedly sleeved with a first intermittent wheel, the bottom of the main shaft is fixedly sleeved with a second intermittent wheel, the second intermittent wheel is in intermittent engagement with the first gear, the connecting ring is fixedly sleeved at the middle part of the main shaft, and a gap is reserved between the main shaft and the middle part of the powder shell.
Preferably, the retraction jack includes the circle cover, the fixed middle part at the mounting groove that cup joints of circle cover, circle cover inner surface circumference equidistance fixed mounting has a plurality of guide bars, the upper portion fixed mounting of circle cover inner chamber has the second screw thread seat, the middle part screw thread of second screw thread seat has the second threaded rod, the second gear has been cup jointed in the upper portion slip of second threaded rod, second gear and first intermittent wheel intermittent engagement, first intermittent wheel sliding cup joints the middle part at the second gear, the bottom activity of second threaded rod has cup jointed the magnetic plate, the magnetic plate cup joints with circle cover and guide bar slip, the left side retraction jack is opposite with the screw thread direction of the second screw thread seat of retraction jack.
Preferably, the laser mechanism comprises a laser shell, the laser shell is fixedly arranged on the bottom surface of the mounting plate, a laser is fixedly arranged at the top end of an inner cavity of the laser shell, and a lens is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the inner cavity of the laser shell.
Preferably, the supporting mechanism comprises a limiting sleeve, the limiting sleeve is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the inner curved surface of the limiting hole, a plurality of limiting blocks are fixedly arranged at the circumference of the top end of the limiting sleeve at equal intervals, and the limiting blocks are fixedly connected with the limiting hole.
Preferably, the optical mode mechanism comprises a mask sleeve, the mask sleeve is sleeved at the middle part of the round sleeve in a sliding manner, the mask sleeve is sleeved with the guide rod in a sliding manner, a mask block is fixedly sleeved at the middle part of the mask sleeve, and a plurality of mask blocks are used for respectively etching cross section light transmission patterns of different heights of the 3D model.
Preferably, a first driving piece is fixedly arranged on the left side surface of the shell, a first driving wheel is fixedly arranged at the output end of the first driving piece, the first driving wheel is meshed with the turntable, a second driving piece is fixedly arranged on the front side of the upper surface of the mounting plate, and a second driving wheel is fixedly arranged at the output end of the second driving piece.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. The invention positively starts the second driving part, the output end of the second driving part drives the main shaft mechanism to rotate through the second driving wheel, the main shaft mechanism drives the carrying seat of the rear carrying mechanism to move downwards for a small distance, meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism drives the carrying seat of the front carrying mechanism to move upwards for a small distance, so that the metal powder in the inner cavity of the guide groove on the front side moves upwards to fill the metal powder in the inner cavity of the powder groove, thereby realizing continuous automatic replenishment of the metal powder consumed by printing of the rear 3D model, simultaneously, the rotating carrying mechanism pushes the metal powder in the inner cavity of the powder groove flat, the upper surface of the rear carrying seat is left with a metal powder layer required for printing, meanwhile, the main shaft mechanism drives the left receiving and releasing mechanism to recover the optical mode mechanism after the used in the inner cavity of the limit hole on the left side, and the main shaft mechanism drives the right receiving and releasing mechanism to place a new optical mode mechanism in the middle part of the limit hole on the right side, thereby realizing that the used metal powder layer required for printing is left on the upper surface of the left carrying seat, simultaneously, the used mechanism in the inner cavity of the limit hole on the left side is continuously replenished, the optical mode is left, and the optical mode mechanism is left after the new mechanism is left in the limit cavity, and the optical mode is left in the mode, and the efficiency is synchronously.
2. According to the invention, the first driving piece is started, the output end of the first driving piece drives the first driving wheel to rotate, the first driving wheel drives the rotary table to rotate, the rotary table drives the optical mode mechanism in the inner cavity of the right limiting hole of the rotary table to rotate to the position right above the rear side carrying seat, then the rear side laser is started, the optical coil emitted by the laser penetrates through the transparent area of the mask block at the bottom of the optical coil and is shielded by the non-transparent area of the mask block, the high-energy laser condensing surface with the cross section shape printed by the 3D model irradiates onto the metal powder of the rear side carrying seat, the metal powder is solidified, then the first driving piece is started again, and the output end of the first driving piece drives the optical mode mechanism after the middle part of the rear limiting hole of the rotary table is used to move to the position right below the left side receiving mechanism through the first driving wheel, so that the whole 3D model cross section is rapidly and accurately printed by replacing different optical mode mechanisms and the laser manufactured by the high-power existing laser component with the condensing area covering the mask block surface, and the problem of low printing time and precision of the existing reciprocating scanning type laser printing equipment is overcome.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the application.
The disclosure may be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall appearance structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a feeding mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a carrying mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a spindle mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a retracting mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a laser mechanism according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the optical mode mechanism of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, a shell; 101, valve, 2, feeding mechanism, 3, powder shell, 301, powder groove, 302, guide groove, 4, pushing mechanism, 401, connecting ring, 402, pushing piece, 5, carrying mechanism, 501, first screw seat, 502, first screw rod, 503, first gear, 504, carrying seat, 6, main shaft mechanism, 601, main shaft, 602, driven wheel, 603, first intermittent wheel, 604, second intermittent wheel, 7, mounting plate, 701, mounting groove, 8, retracting mechanism, 801, round sleeve, 802, guide rod, 803, second screw seat, 804, second screw rod, 805, second gear, 806, magnetic plate, 9, laser mechanism, 901, laser shell, 902, laser, 903, lens, 10, turntable, 1001, limit hole, 11, supporting mechanism, 1101, limit sleeve, 1102, limit block, 12, optical mode mechanism, 1201, mask sleeve, 1202, mask block, 13, first driving piece, 1301, first driving wheel, 14, second driving piece and second driving piece.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a metal powder 3D printing apparatus includes a housing 1, and valves 101 are slidably sleeved on front and rear sides of the housing 1, and further includes:
the feeding mechanism 2 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the shell 1;
the feeding mechanism 2 consists of a powder shell 3, a pushing mechanism 4 and a carrying mechanism 5;
The main shaft mechanism 6 is movably sleeved at the middle part of the powder shell 3;
the mounting plate 7 is movably sleeved on the upper part of the spindle mechanism 6, the mounting plate 7 is fixedly sleeved on the upper part of the inner cavity of the shell 1, and mounting grooves 701 are formed in the left side and the right side of the mounting plate 7;
Two retracting mechanisms 8, wherein the two retracting mechanisms 8 are respectively arranged in the middle of the two mounting grooves 701;
The two laser mechanisms 9 are arranged on the front side and the rear side of the bottom surface of the mounting plate 7;
the rotary table 10 is movably sleeved on the upper part of the spindle mechanism 6, the rotary table 10 is movably sleeved with the shell 1, a plurality of limiting holes 1001 are fixedly arranged on the circumference of the upper surface of the rotary table 10 at equal intervals, and the mounting plate 7 is positioned above the rotary table 10;
A plurality of supporting mechanisms 11, wherein the plurality of supporting mechanisms 11 are respectively arranged in the middle parts of the plurality of limiting holes 1001;
A plurality of optical mode mechanisms 12, wherein the optical mode mechanisms 12 are respectively arranged at the middle parts of the retracting mechanism 8 and the supporting mechanism 11;
Wherein, in use, by moving the valve 101 upwards, the desired material is placed in a relative position inside the printing device.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a powder shell 3 includes a powder groove 301, the powder groove 301 is formed on an upper surface of the powder shell 3, guide grooves 302 are symmetrically formed on left and right sides of the upper surface of the powder groove 301, and a carrying mechanism 5 is disposed in the middle of the guide grooves 302;
Wherein, the height of the metal powder placed in the powder groove 301 is lower than one third of the height of the powder groove 301, so that the metal powder is prevented from flowing out of the inner cavity of the guide groove 302 when the leveling mechanism 4 levels the metal powder.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the leveling mechanism 4 includes a connection ring 401, the connection ring 401 is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the spindle mechanism 6, and a plurality of pushing pieces 402 are fixedly mounted on the circumference of the bottom end of the connection ring 401 at equal intervals;
The bottom surface of the push plate 402 is a smooth plane, so that the height of the push plate 402 for pushing the metal powder is kept uniform, and the thickness of the metal powder coating layer on the top layer of the 3D printing piece is kept uniform, so that the strength of the printed model is kept uniform.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the carrying mechanism 5 includes a first threaded seat 501, the first threaded seat 501 is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the inner cavity of the guide slot 302, a first threaded rod 502 is movably sleeved in the middle of the first threaded seat 501, a first gear 503 is fixedly sleeved at the bottom end of the first threaded rod 502, a carrying seat 504 is in threaded connection with the top of the first threaded rod 502, and the carrying seat 504 is slidably sleeved with the guide slot 302;
The middle of the first threaded rod 502 is provided with a vent hole, so that when the first threaded rod 502 drives the carrying seat 504 to move up and down, the air pressure between the inner cavity of the carrying seat 504 and the top of the first threaded rod 502 is consistent with the air pressure, the air pressure resistance when the carrying seat 504 moves up and down is reduced, the fit clearance between the carrying seat 504 and the guide groove 302 is smaller than the minimum diameter of the metal powder for printing, and the metal powder is prevented from falling between the carrying seat 504 and the contact clearance of the guide groove 302, so that the up and down movement resistance of the carrying seat 504 along the guide groove 302 is increased, and the screw thread directions of the first threaded rod 502 of the front carrying mechanism 5 and the rear carrying mechanism 5 are opposite.
Referring to fig. 2 to 6, the spindle mechanism 6 includes a spindle 601, the spindle 601 is movably sleeved in the middle of the powder shell 3, a driven wheel 602 is fixedly sleeved at the top of the spindle 601, a first intermittent wheel 603 is fixedly sleeved at the top of the spindle 601, a second intermittent wheel 604 is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the spindle 601, the second intermittent wheel 604 is intermittently meshed with the first gear 503, and a connecting ring 401 is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the spindle 601;
A gap is reserved between the main shaft 601 and the middle part of the powder shell 3, so that friction resistance between the main shaft 601 and the powder shell 3 is reduced when the main shaft 601 rotates, and rotation load of the second driving piece 14 is reduced when the second driving piece 14 drives the main shaft 601 to rotate through the second driving wheel 1401 and the driven wheel 602.
Referring to fig. 2,4 and 5, the retracting mechanism 8 includes a circular sleeve 801, the circular sleeve 801 is fixedly sleeved at the middle part of the mounting groove 701, a plurality of guide rods 802 are fixedly mounted on the circumference of the inner curved surface of the circular sleeve 801 at equal intervals, a second threaded seat 803 is fixedly mounted on the upper part of the inner cavity of the circular sleeve 801, a second threaded rod 804 is threaded at the middle part of the second threaded seat 803, a second gear 805 is slidingly sleeved on the upper part of the second threaded rod 804, the second gear 805 is intermittently meshed with the first intermittent wheel 603, the first intermittent wheel 603 is slidingly sleeved at the middle part of the second gear 805, a magnetic plate 806 is movably sleeved at the bottom of the second threaded rod 804, and the magnetic plate 806 is slidingly sleeved with the circular sleeve 801 and the guide rods 802.
The screw thread directions of the second screw thread seat 803 of the left retracting mechanism 8 and the right retracting mechanism 8 are opposite, so that when the spindle mechanism 6 drives the second screw thread seat 803 to rotate through the second threaded rod 804, the second screw thread seat 803 on one side drives the second gear 805 to move downwards to release the optical mode mechanism 12 adsorbed on the bottom of the spindle mechanism, the second screw thread seat 803 on the other side drives the second gear 805 to move upwards to adsorb and recycle the used optical mode mechanism 12, and quick replacement and recovery of the optical mode mechanism 12 are realized.
Referring to fig. 1,2 and 7, the laser mechanism 9 includes a laser housing 901, the laser housing 901 is fixedly mounted on the bottom surface of the mounting plate 7, a laser 902 is fixedly mounted on the top end of the inner cavity of the laser housing 901, and a lens 903 is fixedly sleeved on the bottom of the inner cavity of the laser housing 901;
The laser 902 is made of a high-power existing laser component with a light-gathering area covering the upper surface of the mask block 1202, so that after the light coil emitted by the laser 902 penetrates through the transparent area of the mask block 1202 and is shielded by the non-transparent area of the mask block 1202, the high-energy laser light-gathering surface with the cross-section shape printed by the 3D model irradiates onto the metal powder meter of the printing surface of the 3D model, the whole 3D model is rapidly printed, and the problem of low printing speed of the existing scanning laser is solved.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the supporting mechanism 11 includes a stop collar 1101, the stop collar 1101 is fixedly sleeved at the bottom of the inner curved surface of the stop hole 1001, a plurality of stop blocks 1102 are fixedly mounted on the circumference of the top end of the stop collar 1101 at equal intervals, and the stop blocks 1102 are fixedly connected with the stop hole 1001;
the limiting block 1102 and the guide rod 802 are located at the same position, so that the mask block 1202 is positioned through the mask sleeve 1201, the problem that the edges of the printed 3D model are irregular due to deflection of the mask block 1202 is avoided, and the printing precision is improved.
Referring to fig. 4, 5 and 7, the optical module 12 includes a mask sleeve 1201, the mask sleeve 1201 is slidably sleeved in the middle of the circular sleeve 801, the mask sleeve 1201 is slidably sleeved with the guide rod 802, and a mask block 1202 is fixedly sleeved in the middle of the mask sleeve 1201;
The plurality of mask blocks 1202 respectively etch cross section light transmission patterns of different heights of the 3D model, so that laser projection is realized to transfer design patterns on the mask blocks 1202 onto a 3D model printing layer, so that 3D models with corresponding shapes are printed, the mask sleeve 1201 and the second gear 805 are made of magnets, and therefore the second gear 805 drives the plurality of mask sleeves 1201 to move upwards through magnetic adsorption, and the mask sleeve 1201 drives the mask blocks 1202 to move upwards.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a first driving member 13 is fixedly mounted on the left side surface of the housing 1, a first driving wheel 1301 is fixedly mounted at the output end of the first driving member 13, the first driving wheel 1301 is meshed with the turntable 10, a second driving member 14 is fixedly mounted on the front side of the upper surface of the mounting plate 7, and a second driving wheel 1401 is fixedly mounted at the output end of the second driving member 14;
the first driving member 13 drives the turntable 10 to rotate through the first driving wheel 1301, and the second driving member 14 drives the spindle mechanism 6 to rotate through the second driving wheel 1401.
Working principle:
When the device is used, metal powder is poured into the inner cavity of the powder groove 301, the height of the metal powder is slightly higher than the top surface of the left object carrying seat 504, the second driving piece 14 is started in the forward direction, the output end of the second driving piece 14 drives the second driving piece 1401 to rotate, the second driving piece 1401 drives the driven piece 602 to rotate, the driven piece 602 drives the main shaft 601 to rotate, the main shaft 601 drives the first intermittent wheel 603, the second intermittent wheel 604 and the leveling mechanism 4 to rotate, the first intermittent wheel 603 is meshed with the second gears 805 on the left side and the right side, the second intermittent wheel 604 is meshed with the front first gear 503 and the rear first gear 503, the rear first gear 503 drives the rear object carrying seat 504 to move downwards for a small distance through the rear first threaded rod 502, the front first gear 503 drives the front object carrying seat 504 to move upwards for a small distance through the front first threaded rod 502, the metal powder in the inner cavity of the front guide groove 302 is enabled to move upwards, the metal powder in the inner cavity of the powder groove 301 is enabled to be filled, the metal powder continuously and automatically consumed in the inner cavity of the rear 3D model is continuously pushed to the leveling mechanism, the metal powder is continuously pushed to the leveling mechanism to continuously and the surface of the metal powder carrying seat 301 is required to be printed, and the metal powder is continuously pushed to the leveling mechanism to be left on the surface of the rear surface of the metal powder carrying seat 301;
Meanwhile, the first intermittent wheel 603 drives the left and right second gears 805 to rotate, the left second gear 805 drives the left magnetic plate 806 to move downwards through the left second threaded rod 804, the magnetic plate 806 drives the used optical mode mechanism 12 in the left limiting hole 1001 to move upwards to be separated from the limiting hole 1001 through mutual attraction of the optical mode mechanisms 12, meanwhile, the right second gear 805 drives the right magnetic plate 806 to move downwards through the right second threaded rod 804, the right magnetic plate 806 moves the plurality of the mutually attracted bottommost optical mode mechanisms 12 to the rightmost limiting hole 1001, and therefore the purpose that a metal powder layer needed for printing is left on the upper surface of the left carrying seat 504 is achieved, meanwhile, the used optical mode mechanism 12 in the left limiting hole 1001 is recovered, and a new optical mode mechanism 12 is placed in the right limiting hole 1001;
Then the first driving piece 13 is started, the output end of the first driving piece 13 drives the first driving wheel 1301 to rotate, the first driving wheel 1301 drives the rotary disc 10 to rotate, the rotary disc 10 drives the optical module mechanism 12 in the inner cavity of the right limiting hole 1001 to rotate to the position right above the rear side carrying seat 504, then the rear side laser 902 is started, an optical coil emitted by the laser 902 penetrates through the transparent area of the mask block 1202 at the bottom of the laser 902 and is shielded by the non-transparent area of the mask block 1202, after the high-energy laser collecting surface with the cross section shape printed by the 3D model irradiates onto the metal powder of the rear side carrying seat 504, the metal powder is solidified, then the first driving piece 13 is started again, the output end of the first driving piece 13 drives the optical module mechanism 12 after being used in the middle of the limiting hole 1001 at the rear side of the turntable 10 through the first driving wheel 1301 to move to the position right below the left retracting mechanism 8, and the operation is repeated, so that the problem that the printing time consumption and the printing precision of the traditional reciprocating scanning type laser printing equipment are low can be solved by replacing different optical module mechanisms 12 and adopting a laser 902 made of a high-power existing laser component with a light-gathering area to cover the surface of the mask block 1202, the printing section of the whole 3D model can be rapidly printed with high precision, and in addition, after the printing is finished, the 3D model can be reversely turned up and down again through the reverse second driving piece 14.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution of the present invention may be modified or substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered in the scope of the claims of the present invention.