Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem of constant-volume compressed air energy storage, and provides a constant-pressure drainage gas storage compressed air energy storage system for abandoned mines, which takes an underground space, a roadway and a subsidence area artificial lake as an integral system, and drives high-pressure gas away from water in the underground space during energy storage, realizes constant-pressure energy storage by utilizing the hydrostatic pressure of the subsidence area artificial lake and a water well, and realizes constant-pressure energy release by utilizing the water of the subsidence area artificial lake to drive away the gas during energy release. The constant pressure energy storage and release can not only improve the efficiency of the air compressor and the expansion machine, but also reduce the residual quantity of the air in the underground space and improve the energy storage density and the utilization efficiency of the underground space.
In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The waste ore drainage gas storage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system is matched with waste ore for use, wherein the waste ore comprises an underground space and a roadway which are arranged in surrounding rock, a subsidence area artificial lake is formed on the surrounding rock, and the subsidence area artificial lake is communicated with the underground space and the roadway through a water well;
The energy storage system comprises an energy storage system and an energy release system, wherein the energy storage system comprises a gas compressor set, the gas compressor set is communicated with the underground space and a roadway through a gas pipe, the gas compressor set comprises the steps of pressurizing low-pressure air and forming high-pressure air, the high-pressure air drives water in the underground space and the roadway to the artificial lake of the subsidence area through a water well, and the constant-pressure gas storage is realized by utilizing the hydrostatic pressure of a water well liquid column;
The energy release system comprises an expansion unit for generating electricity, wherein the expansion unit is communicated with the underground space and the roadway, water in the artificial lake of the subsidence area drives high-pressure air in the underground space and the roadway away, the expansion unit is driven to generate electricity, and constant-pressure energy release is realized, the expansion unit comprises at least three expansion machines, and the inlet end of each expansion machine is correspondingly connected with an interstage heater.
As an improvement of the technical scheme of the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the energy release system also comprises a solar energy system, wherein the solar energy system is respectively connected with the three interstage heaters and the at least three stages of expansion machines, and comprises a solar energy cold tank, a solar energy cold water pump, a solar energy heat collector, a solar energy hot tank and a solar energy hot water pump;
And when the energy is released, the solar hot water pump pumps hot water of the solar hot tank, and the hot water enters the three interstage heaters respectively so as to improve the air inlet temperature of the expansion machine, and the cooled hot water enters the solar cold tank and is recycled after being heated by the solar heat collector.
As an improvement of the technical scheme of the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the hot water tank is also respectively connected with an ORC power generation system and a heating heat exchanger;
The ORC power generation system comprises an ORC evaporator, an ORC expander, an ORC condenser and an ORC working medium pump;
In a heating season, hot water in the hot water tank enters the heating heat exchanger after being pressurized by the hot water pump;
In a non-heating season, hot water in the hot water tank is pressurized by a hot water pump and then enters an ORC evaporator, and an organic working medium is heated in the ORC evaporator to evaporate, so that the ORC expander is driven to generate power;
The organic working medium leaving the ORC expander enters the ORC condenser to be condensed into liquid, and the liquid working medium enters the ORC evaporator for recycling after being pressurized by the ORC working medium pump.
As an improvement of the technical scheme of the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the outlet of the hot water tank is connected with the inlet of the hot water pump, the outlet of the hot water pump is divided into two first waterways and second waterways which are arranged in parallel through pipelines, and the two waterways are correspondingly provided with a first hot water valve and a second hot water valve;
In the first waterway, the hot water tank is connected with the cold water tank through the hot water pump, the first hot water valve and the heating heat exchanger in sequence;
In the second waterway, the hot water tank is connected with the cold water tank through the hot water pump, the second hot water valve and the ORC evaporator in sequence.
As an improvement of the technical scheme of the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the energy storage system comprises a first air compressor, a first-stage inter-cooler, a second air compressor, a second inter-stage cooler, a third air compressor and a third-stage inter-cooler which are sequentially connected, wherein an outlet of the third-stage inter-cooler is also connected with a first air valve;
the first gas valve and the second gas valve are arranged in parallel and are communicated with the underground space and the roadway through the gas pipe;
The air compressor set is used for pressurizing low-pressure air to high pressure, the high-pressure air drives water in an underground space and a roadway to a settling zone artificial lake through a water well, the cooler is used for recovering compression heat of the air compressor, and the compression heat is stored in the hot water tank.
As an improvement of the technical scheme of the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the energy release system comprises a first inter-stage heater, a first expander, a second inter-stage heater, a second expander, a third inter-stage heater and a third expander which are connected in sequence;
in a refrigeration mode, the outlet gas of the second expander is divided into two paths, and one path of gas enters the third expander through the third inter-stage heater;
the other path is not heated, enters the refrigeration expansion machine through the third gas valve, expands in the refrigeration expansion machine to generate electricity, generates cold energy, and supplies the cold energy to a user after being extracted in the refrigeration heat exchanger.
As an improvement of the technical scheme of the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the air delivery pipe is connected with the highest point of the underground space and the tunnel, and the water well is connected with the lowest point of the underground space and the tunnel so as to realize water and air displacement.
As an improvement of the technical scheme of the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the outlets of the three inter-stage coolers are also connected with a cold water tank through a cold water pump.
As an improvement of the technical scheme of the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system, the waste mine drainage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system can be switched into an energy storage mode, an energy release mode, a waste heat power generation mode, a heating mode and a refrigerating mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention realizes fixed-pressure gas storage and gas release of the underground space and a roadway by utilizing the hydrostatic pressure of the artificial lake and the water well in the subsidence area, improves the efficiency of a gas compressor and an expansion machine by fixed-pressure operation, greatly increases the energy storage density, efficiently utilizes the underground space, improves the gas inlet of the expansion machine by adopting a solar heating mode, increases the function of doing, realizes the efficient combination and high-value utilization of renewable energy power generation, solar heat energy and the underground space, and saves the occupied area by the solar heat collector arranged on the artificial lake in the subsidence area. The recovered compression heat is used for heating in a heating season and driving organic Rankine power generation in a non-heating season, so that the annual high-efficiency utilization is realized; the waste mine constant-pressure water drainage gas storage compressed air energy storage system not only realizes the energy storage of wind power and photovoltaic, but also can provide cold and hot combined supply for mining areas, and simultaneously, the water in the artificial lake of the sedimentation area (mine water discharged during energy storage and water expelled during energy release and the water expelled during energy release) and the water surface (the solar heat collector is arranged) are efficiently utilized, so that the system is a high-value utilization mode of the waste mine and underground space.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a waste ore drainage gas storage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system is matched with waste ore for use, the waste ore comprises an underground space and a roadway 40 which are arranged in surrounding rock 38, a sedimentation area artificial lake 37 is formed on the surrounding rock 38, and the sedimentation area artificial lake 37 is communicated with the underground space and the roadway 40 through a water well 39;
The waste mine drainage gas storage constant-pressure compressed air energy storage system comprises an energy storage system and an energy release system, wherein the energy storage system comprises a gas compressor set, the gas compressor set is communicated with an underground space and a roadway 40 through a gas pipe 36, the gas compressor set comprises pressurizing low-pressure air and forming high-pressure air, the high-pressure air drives water in the underground space and the roadway 40 to a settling zone artificial lake 37 through a water well 39, and constant-pressure gas storage is realized by utilizing the hydrostatic pressure of a water column of the water well 39;
The energy release system comprises an expansion unit for generating electricity, the expansion unit is communicated with the underground space and the roadway 40, water in the subsidence area artificial lake 37 drives high-pressure air in the underground space and the roadway 40 away, the expansion unit is driven to generate electricity, constant-pressure energy release is achieved, the expansion unit comprises at least three expansion machines, and the inlet end of each expansion machine is correspondingly connected with an interstage heater.
It should be noted that at least three stages of compressors may be multi-stage compressors or may be multiple compressors of different stages. Because the outlet end of each stage of air compressors is correspondingly connected with one interstage cooler, at least three stages of air compressors are preferably three different stages of air compressors. More preferably, each of the three compressors is a multistage compressor.
In the invention, the compressor unit comprises at least three stages of compressors, when the compressors are compressed, the compressors pressurize low-pressure air into high-pressure air, water in an underground space and a roadway 40 is driven to a settling zone artificial lake 37 through a water well 39 by the high-pressure air, the static pressure gas storage effect is realized by utilizing the hydrostatic pressure of a liquid column in the water well 39, meanwhile, when the compressors are compressed, compression heat of the corresponding compressors is recovered through three inter-stage coolers, the temperature of the water is increased to be hot water, the hot water is stored in a hot water tank 32 with heat, and the energy storage effect is realized.
In detail, during the electricity consumption valley period, wind electricity or photovoltaic electric energy drives a compressor to pressurize air, then the air is stored in an underground space of abandoned mine and a roadway 40, water in the underground space is driven away by high-pressure air in a high-level gas injection low-level drainage mode, the discharged water is contained in a settling zone artificial lake 37, and constant pressure energy storage is realized through the hydrostatic pressure of a liquid column of a water well 39;
during the electricity consumption peak period, the water in the artificial lake 37 in the sedimentation area drives high-pressure air in the underground space and the roadway 40 away, and drives the expander to generate electricity, so that the effect of constant-pressure energy release is realized.
Meanwhile, when the compressor unit compresses air, compression heat is released, the compression heat is recovered through the corresponding inter-stage cooler, the temperature of water is increased to be hot water, and the hot water is stored in the hot water tank 32 with heat, so that the energy storage effect is realized.
Namely, in the invention, the energy storage system, the energy release system, the sedimentation region artificial lake 37 and the water well 39 are combined with high efficiency, and the constant pressure gas storage and the constant pressure gas release are realized by utilizing the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column. And the subsidence area artificial lake 37 is directly built by depending on the subsidence area, so that the cost is saved, and meanwhile, the subsidence area artificial lake 37 contains underground space water displaced by high-pressure air when storing energy, and provides water needed by the underground space when releasing energy.
In non-heating season, the heat can be used for driving the ORC power generation system to generate power, or in heating season, the heat can be directly used for heating, and the effect of annual high-efficiency utilization is achieved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the energy release system further comprises a solar energy system, wherein the solar energy system is respectively connected with the three interstage heaters and the at least three-stage expansion machine, and comprises a solar energy cold tank 7, a solar energy cold water pump 348, a solar energy heat collector 9, a solar energy heat tank 10 and a solar energy hot water pump 11;
In detail, the high temperature water from the solar heat collector 9 is stored in the solar heat tank 10, and when releasing energy, the solar hot water pump 11 pumps the hot water from the solar heat tank 10, and the hot water enters the three interstage heaters respectively to raise the air inlet temperature of the expander, and the cooled hot water enters the solar cold tank 7 and is recycled after being heated by the solar heat collector 9. The solar heating is adopted to increase the air inlet temperature of the expander and increase the power generation.
In the invention, solar heat energy is adopted to improve the temperature of the inlet air of the expansion machine, the generating capacity of the system is improved, meanwhile, renewable energy sources are efficiently utilized, wind power, photovoltaics, photo-thermal, energy storage, underground space, heating and refrigeration are efficiently combined, and the system is a high-value utilization mode.
Preferably, the solar heat collector 9 is arranged on the artificial lake 37 in the settling zone, so that the ground space in the settling zone is efficiently utilized, and the occupied area is saved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the hot water tank 32 is also connected to an ORC power generation system and a heating heat exchanger 33, respectively;
The ORC power generation system comprises an ORC evaporator 28, an ORC expansion machine 27, an ORC condenser 24 and an ORC working medium pump 26, wherein in a heating season, hot water in a hot water tank 32 enters a heating heat exchanger 33 after being pressurized by a hot water pump 31;
in the non-heating season, hot water in the hot water tank 32 enters the ORC evaporator 28 after being pressurized by the hot water pump 31, and the organic working medium is heated in the ORC evaporator 28 to evaporate, so that the ORC expander 27 is driven to generate electricity;
The organic working medium leaving the ORC expander 27 enters the ORC condenser 24 to be condensed into liquid, and the liquid working medium is pressurized by the ORC working medium pump 26 and then enters the ORC evaporator 28 to be recycled, so that the effect of annual high-efficiency utilization of heat can be realized.
Further, the outlet of the hot water tank 32 is connected with the inlet of the hot water pump 31, the outlet of the hot water pump 31 is divided into a first waterway and a second waterway which are arranged in parallel through a pipeline, and a first hot water valve 29 and a second hot water valve 30 are correspondingly arranged on the two waterways;
In the first waterway, the hot water tank 32 is connected with the cold water tank 35 through the hot water pump 31, the first hot water valve 29 and the heating heat exchanger 33 in sequence;
in the second waterway, the hot water tank 32 is connected to the cold water tank 35 via the hot water pump 31, the second hot water valve 30, and the ORC evaporator 28 in this order.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the energy storage system comprises a first compressor 1, a first inter-stage cooler 4, a second compressor 2, a second inter-stage cooler 5, a third compressor 3 and a third inter-stage cooler 6 which are sequentially connected, wherein the outlet of the third inter-stage cooler 6 is also connected with a first gas valve 12;
the first gas valve 12 and the second gas valve 13 are arranged in parallel and are communicated with the underground space and the roadway 40 through the gas pipe 36;
The compressor set is used for pressurizing low-pressure air to high pressure, the high-pressure air drives water in the underground space and the roadway 40 to the settling zone artificial lake 37 through the water well 39, the cooler is used for recovering compression heat of the compressor, and the compression heat is stored in the hot water tank 32.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the energy release system comprises a first inter-stage heater 14, a first expander 17, a second inter-stage heater 15, a second expander 18, a third inter-stage heater 16 and a third expander 19 connected in sequence;
in the refrigeration mode, the outlet gas of the second expander 18 is divided into two paths, and one path of the gas enters the third expander 19 through the third inter-stage heater 16;
The other path is not heated, enters the refrigeration expander 22 through the third gas valve 20, expands in the refrigeration expander 22 to generate electricity, generates cold energy, and supplies the cold energy to a user after being extracted in the refrigeration heat exchanger 21.
In the invention, one path of air is led out from the outlet of the second expander 18 for expansion refrigeration in summer, and the whole system realizes the triple supply of cold, heat and electricity.
In some embodiments of the present invention, gas line 36 is connected to the highest point of the underground space and roadway 40, and water well 39 is connected to the lowest point of the underground space and roadway 40 to achieve water and gas displacement.
In some embodiments of the invention, the outlets of the three inter-stage coolers are also connected to a cold water tank 35 by a cold water pump 34.
In some embodiments of the invention, the waste mine drainage constant pressure compressed air energy storage system may switch between an energy storage mode, an energy release mode, a waste heat generation and heating mode, and a cooling mode.
In order to efficiently utilize the underground space of the abandoned mine, the hydrostatic pressure of the artificial lake 37 and the water well 39 in the subsidence area is utilized to realize the constant-pressure gas storage and gas release of the underground space and the roadway 40, the constant-pressure operation improves the efficiency of the gas compressor and the expansion machine, simultaneously greatly increases the energy storage density, and efficiently utilizes the underground space; the air inlet of the expansion machine is improved by adopting a solar heating mode, the function making capability is improved, and the efficient combination and high-value utilization of renewable energy power generation, solar heat energy and underground space are realized; the solar heat collector 9 is arranged on the artificial lake 37 in the sedimentation area, so that the occupied area is saved. The recovered compressed heat heating season heating non-heating season driving organic Rankine power generation realizes annual high-efficiency utilization, a refrigerating expansion machine 22 is added after an intermediate-stage expansion machine to output electric energy and generate cold energy, and the abandoned mine constant-pressure water drainage gas storage compressed air energy storage system not only realizes wind power photovoltaic energy storage, but also can provide cold and hot combined supply for a mining area, and simultaneously, the water (mine water discharged during energy storage holding and water-driving gas water quantity during energy release) and the water surface (the solar heat collector 9 is arranged) of the subsidence area artificial lake 37 are utilized efficiently, so that the system is a high-value utilization mode of abandoned mine and underground space.
In detail, in the present invention, the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column of the water well 39 is used to realize the constant pressure energy storage and release. Specifically, in the electricity consumption valley period, wind electricity or photovoltaic electric energy drives a compressor to pressurize air and then store the air in an underground space of a abandoned mine and a roadway 40, water in the underground space is driven away by high-pressure air in a high-level gas injection low-level drainage mode, the discharged water is contained in a settling zone artificial lake 37, and constant-pressure energy storage is realized through hydrostatic pressure of a water well 39;
In the electricity peak period, water in the artificial lake 37 in the sedimentation area drives high-pressure air in the underground space away, and drives the expander to generate electricity, so that constant-pressure energy release is realized.
The compression heat of the air compressor is recovered by an inter-stage cooler, and is used for driving Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) to generate electricity in a non-heating season, and is used for heating in a heating season. The solar heating is adopted to increase the air inlet temperature of the expander and increase the power generation. One path of gas is led out from the outlet of the second-stage expander and is used for expansion refrigeration in summer. The artificial lake 37 in the sedimentation area can not only contain water required by energy storage and release, but also can arrange the solar heat collector 9 on the lake surface, thereby realizing the efficient utilization of space.
In more detail, in the invention, the invention can realize the effects of energy storage, energy release and combined supply of cold and heat. The invention can switch the energy storage mode, the energy release mode, the waste heat power generation mode, the heating mode and the refrigeration mode according to the requirement.
When the wind power photovoltaic power generation system is in the energy storage mode, when the power demand is low, the wind power photovoltaic power generation system drives the first air compressor 1, the second air compressor 2 and the third air compressor 3 to pressurize low-pressure air to high pressure, the high-pressure air drives water in an underground space and a roadway 40 to a subsidence area artificial lake 37 through a water well 39 for storage, and the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid column of the water well 39 is utilized to realize constant-pressure energy storage.
In the process of compressing the gas storage, the cold water pump 34 pumps the cold water tank 35 to enter the first-stage inter-cooler 4, the second-stage inter-cooler 5 and the third-stage inter-cooler 6 respectively, the water recovers the compression heat of the gas compressor, and then the heat is stored in the hot water tank 32.
In the energy release mode, water in the artificial lake 37 in the subsidence area enters the underground space and the roadway 40 through the water well 39, high-pressure air is driven out to enter the first expander 17, the second expander 18 and the third expander 19 for power generation, and high-temperature water is adopted to heat the expander air for air intake respectively in order to improve the working capacity of the expanders.
The high temperature water from the solar heat collector 9 is firstly stored in the solar heat tank 10, and when the energy is released, the solar hot water pump 11 is adopted to pump the hot water of the solar heat tank 10, and the hot water enters the first stage inter-heater 14, the second stage inter-heater 15 and the third stage inter-heater 16 respectively to increase the air inlet temperature of the expander. The cooled hot water enters a solar cooling tank 7 and is then heated by a solar heat collector 9 for recycling.
In the waste heat power generation and heating mode, the compressor generates compression heat when compressing air, and the recovered compression heat is stored in the hot water tank 32, so that the solar energy heat generation system can be used for heating in heating seasons and can also be used for generating power in non-heating season driving ORC power generation systems.
In the heating season, the hot water of the hot water tank 32 is pressurized by the hot water pump 31 and then enters the heating heat exchanger 33.
In the non-heating season, the hot water in the hot water tank 32 is pressurized by the hot water pump 31 and then enters the ORC evaporator 28, and the organic working medium is heated to evaporate, so that the ORC expander 27 is driven to generate electricity. The organic working fluid exiting ORC expander 27 enters ORC condenser 24 to condense into a liquid state. The liquid working medium is pressurized by an ORC working medium pump 26 and then enters an ORC evaporator 28 for recycling.
Thus, the recovered compression heat can be utilized in a high value throughout the year, and only one heating heat exchanger 33 is needed for heating, so that the device is simple, the system investment is low, and the benefit is high.
When in the refrigeration mode, the outlet gas passing through the second expander 18 is divided into two paths, one path enters the third expander 19 through the third inter-stage heater 16, the other path is not heated, then enters the refrigeration expander 22 through the third gas valve 20, expands in the refrigeration expander 22 to generate electricity and generates cold energy, and the cold energy is extracted in the refrigeration heat exchanger 21 and then is supplied to a user. Compared with the traditional mechanical refrigeration mode, the traditional mechanical refrigeration mode needs a compressor, an evaporator, a condenser and the like, and the refrigeration expander 22 of the refrigeration mode in the invention outputs electric energy and refrigerates, so that the system equipment is simple, the operation is efficient, the investment is low, and the benefit is large.
All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.