Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides a topology frequency adjustment method, a topology frequency adjustment device, a topology frequency adjustment apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium, so as to overcome, at least to some extent, the problems of slow tunable topology response speed, high energy consumption, and low system stability due to limitations and drawbacks of the related art.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a topology state frequency adjustment method, including:
Using a piezoelectric sheet as a resonator, and generating a target unit structure through the piezoelectric sheet and the unit structure of a target material;
Applying periodic boundary conditions to the target unit structure to obtain an energy band structure of the unit structure and a topological band gap in the energy band structure;
Generating a one-dimensional target system by utilizing the target unit structure, and setting displacement excitation to the one-dimensional target system to obtain an excited topological state in the topological band gap;
Applying a voltage to the one-dimensional target system, and adjusting the excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on the voltage.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the generating a target cell structure by using a piezoelectric sheet as a resonator and a cell structure of the piezoelectric sheet and a target material includes:
a piezoelectric sheet with cylindrical mass is used as a resonator and fixed on the unit structure of the target material;
and determining a unit structure composed of the piezoelectric sheet, the cylindrical mass and the unit structure of the target material as the target unit structure.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the applying the periodic boundary condition to the target cell structure results in an energy band structure of the cell structure and a topological bandgap in the energy band structure, comprising:
Constructing a coordinate system based on the target unit structure, and applying periodic boundary conditions to the target unit structure based on the x-axis direction of the coordinate system;
and scanning the boundary of the irreducible Brillouin zone in the inverse space based on the wave vector to obtain the energy band structure of the target unit structure, wherein the energy band structure comprises the topological band gap.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, after obtaining the topological bandgap in the energy band structure, the method further comprises:
And obtaining the mode in the energy band structure through a screening mode of in-plane and out-of-plane polarization.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the generating a one-dimensional target system by using the target unit structure, setting displacement excitation to the one-dimensional target system, to obtain an excited topology state in the topology bandgap, includes:
generating the one-dimensional target system by using the first target unit structure and the second target unit structure;
Setting unit displacement excitation in the one-dimensional target system to obtain displacement at a measurement interface and fixed unit displacement at the excitation position, and obtaining a transmission spectrum based on the displacement at the measurement interface and the fixed unit displacement at the excitation position;
and obtaining the excited topological state in the topological band gap based on the transmission spectrum.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first target unit structure and the second target unit structure are located at equal distances from the unit structure, and opposite directions.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the applying a voltage to the one-dimensional target system, adjusting an excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on the voltage, includes:
applying a voltage to a target cell structure included in the one-dimensional target system, and adjusting an excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on a change of the voltage.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a topology state frequency adjusting apparatus, comprising:
The target unit structure generation module is used for generating a target unit structure through the unit structures of the piezoelectric sheet and the target material by taking the piezoelectric sheet as a resonator;
The topological band gap determining module is used for applying periodic boundary conditions to the target unit structure to obtain an energy band structure of the unit structure and a topological band gap in the energy band structure;
The topological state excitation module is used for generating a one-dimensional target system by utilizing the target unit structure, setting displacement excitation for the one-dimensional target system and obtaining an excited topological state in the topological band gap;
And the frequency adjustment module is used for applying voltage to the one-dimensional target system and adjusting the excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on the voltage.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a topology frequency adjustment device comprising a memory and at least one processor, the memory having instructions stored therein, the at least one processor invoking the instructions in the memory to cause the topology frequency adjustment device to implement the topology frequency adjustment method of any of the above-described exemplary embodiments when executed.
According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored therein, which when executed by a processor, implement the topology frequency adjustment method of any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.
The topological state frequency adjusting method comprises the steps of taking a piezoelectric sheet as a resonator, generating a target unit structure through the piezoelectric sheet and a unit structure of a target material, applying a periodic boundary condition to the target unit structure to obtain an energy band structure of the unit structure and a topological band gap in the energy band structure, generating a one-dimensional target system through the target unit structure, setting displacement excitation to the one-dimensional target system to obtain an excited topological state in the topological band gap, applying voltage to the one-dimensional target system, and adjusting the excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on the voltage. On one hand, a one-dimensional target system is generated by utilizing a target unit structure, displacement excitation is set for the one-dimensional target system, an excited topological state in a topological band gap is obtained, after the excited state is obtained, voltage is applied to the one-dimensional target system, the excited frequency of the excited topological state is adjusted based on the voltage, the problem that the geometric structure needs to be changed in the related technology is solved, the response speed and the energy efficiency of frequency adjustment are improved, on the other hand, the frequency of the topological state is controlled rapidly and accurately through external voltage under the condition that the target material structure is kept unchanged, the operation is simplified, and the flexibility of the system is improved.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the exemplary embodiments can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein, but rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to give a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, devices, steps, etc. In other instances, well-known aspects have not been shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
Furthermore, the drawings are merely schematic illustrations of the present invention and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and thus a repetitive description thereof will be omitted. Some of the block diagrams shown in the figures are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically separate entities. These functional entities may be implemented in software or in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits or in different networks and/or processor devices and/or microcontroller devices.
The dynamics analysis of engineering structures is the basis of structural design, high reliability and safe operation, and is also an important research direction of dynamics and control disciplines. Vibrations in a structure are usually propagated in the structure in the form of elastic waves or in the form of mutual coupling of the elastic waves with surrounding acoustic media (e.g. air, water), and research on the regulation of elastic waves is one of the core fundamental problems of vibration control of structures. In recent decades, metamaterials realized by careful design of periodic structures have extraordinary dynamics such as negative refraction, energy collection, negative poisson's ratio, elastic wave regulation and control, and gradually become advanced solutions for controlling elastic waves and vibrations. In recent years, topology mechanics metamaterials can be realized by constructing symmetry breaks, phase differences, or coupling strength changes in metamaterials. By utilizing the designed topological mechanical metamaterial, the elastic wave energy can be localized at the boundary, and a topological protection state can be formed at the boundary, so that the scattering caused by defects and disorder at the path can be reduced in the transmission process of the elastic wave, and the scattering loss and the diffusion of the elastic wave can be effectively avoided. One-dimensional topological mechanical metamaterial is widely focused on due to the simple structure and easy implementation and analysis. By introducing the topological characteristic into the one-dimensional periodic beam, the edge state and interface state localization behavior can be accurately regulated and controlled in a lower dimension, so that the method is suitable for realizing efficient energy transfer and waveguide application in a space-limited application scene.
However, the fixed geometry and unit and material properties of conventional topologically mechanical metamaterials also present limitations that make it difficult to flexibly cope with different operational requirements and varying operating conditions. By introducing a tunable mechanism, the topological mechanical metamaterial can dynamically adjust the topological state characteristics of the topological mechanical metamaterial through stimulation of an external environment, so that the precise control of the vibration energy of the required frequency is realized. Although various methods have been proposed to achieve tunable topologies, such as thermal tuning, magnetic field tuning, etc., these methods suffer from deficiencies in response speed, energy efficiency, and system stability. For example, thermal tuning is slow and energy consuming, whereas magnetic field tuning may introduce electromagnetic interference and require complex external equipment.
In conclusion, the one-dimensional topological mechanical metamaterial based on the tunable mechanism can effectively meet multiple vibration control requirements, but the traditional tunable mechanism is not flexible and stable enough. Existing common tuning methods typically rely on the adjustment of topology by changing the geometry of the material or adjusting specific design parameters.
In view of one or more of the above problems, in this exemplary embodiment, there is provided a topology frequency adjustment method, which may include the following steps with reference to fig. 1:
s110, taking a piezoelectric sheet as a resonator, and generating a target unit structure through the piezoelectric sheet and the unit structure of a target material;
S120, applying periodic boundary conditions to the target unit structure to obtain an energy band structure of the unit structure and a topological band gap in the energy band structure;
S130, generating a one-dimensional target system by utilizing the target unit structure, and setting displacement excitation to the one-dimensional target system to obtain an excited topological state in the topological band gap;
and S140, applying voltage to the one-dimensional target system, and adjusting the excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on the voltage.
The topological state frequency adjusting method comprises the steps of taking a piezoelectric sheet as a resonator, generating a target unit structure through the piezoelectric sheet and a unit structure of a target material, applying a periodic boundary condition to the target unit structure to obtain an energy band structure of the unit structure and a topological band gap in the energy band structure, generating a one-dimensional target system through the target unit structure, setting displacement excitation to the one-dimensional target system to obtain an excited topological state in the topological band gap, applying voltage to the one-dimensional target system, and adjusting the excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on the voltage. On one hand, a one-dimensional target system is generated by utilizing a target unit structure, displacement excitation is set for the one-dimensional target system, an excited topological state in a topological band gap is obtained, after the excited state is obtained, voltage is applied to the one-dimensional target system, the excited frequency of the excited topological state is adjusted based on the voltage, the problem that the geometric structure needs to be changed in the related technology is solved, the response speed and the energy efficiency of frequency adjustment are improved, on the other hand, the frequency of the topological state is controlled rapidly and accurately through external voltage under the condition that the target material structure is kept unchanged, the operation is simplified, and the flexibility of the system is improved.
The steps involved in the topology frequency adjustment method of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure are explained and illustrated in detail below.
In step S110, a target cell structure is generated from the cell structure of the target material and the piezoelectric sheet, with the piezoelectric sheet as a resonator.
In this example embodiment, the target material is a one-dimensional topological mechanical metamaterial, and the unit structure of the target material, that is, the unit structure of the one-dimensional topological mechanical metamaterial is a perforated beam. A circular piezoelectric plate with a cylindrical mass can be fixed to the perforated beam hole as a resonator. The perforated beam has a length of a=54 mm, a width of b=34 mm and a height of h=4 mm, the radius of a hole on the beam is R=13 mm, the thickness of the piezoelectric sheet is 0.2mm, the radius is Rm =15 mm, the radius Rs and the height hs of the additional cylindrical mass are 3mm, and the perforated beam is fixed on the piezoelectric sheet. Fig. 2 (a) shows a unit structure of a target material, fig. 2 (b) shows a piezoelectric sheet, and fig. 2 (c) shows a cylinder. The piezoelectric plate is made of PZT-5H, and the cylinder is made of steel.
In this exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 3, the generating a target cell structure by using a piezoelectric sheet as a resonator and a cell structure of the piezoelectric sheet and a target material includes:
s310, fixing a piezoelectric sheet with cylindrical mass on a unit structure of the target material as a resonator;
And S320, determining a unit structure composed of the piezoelectric sheet, the cylindrical mass and the unit structure of the target material as the target unit structure.
Hereinafter, step S310 and step S320 will be further explained and explained. Specifically, a piezoelectric plate fixed to a target unit of a target material, that is, a hole of a perforated beam of a one-dimensional topological mechanical metamaterial and a cylinder fixed to the piezoelectric plate are determined as a resonator, and a unit structure composed of the resonator and a unit structure of the target material is determined as a target unit structure. Fig. 4 shows the target unit structure of the present exemplary embodiment.
In step S120, a periodic boundary condition is applied to the target cell structure, resulting in a band structure of the cell structure and a topological band gap in the band structure.
In this example embodiment, after the target unit structure is spliced, a periodic boundary condition may be applied in the target unit structure, where the periodic boundary condition is that the target unit structure is infinitely spliced, and in solid physics, the band structure of the solid describes the energy that the electrons are forbidden or allowed to carry, which is caused by quantum dynamics electron wave diffraction in the periodic lattice, and the band structure of the material determines various properties of the material. The energy band structure of the target unit structure comprises a local resonance band gap and a topological band gap, wherein the local resonance band gap is formed based on a local resonance mechanism, the frequency of the local resonance band gap is determined by the natural resonance frequency of a photo system consisting of a piezoelectric sheet and a cylinder, the topological band gap is also formed by the local resonance mechanism, and the frequency of the topological band gap is also influenced by the resonance system. Thus, a voltage can be applied across the piezoelectric patch to change the natural resonant frequency of the resonant system, thereby changing the frequency range of the topological bandgap.
In this exemplary embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the applying a periodic boundary condition to the target cell structure, to obtain an energy band structure of the cell structure and a topological band gap in the energy band structure, includes:
S510, constructing a coordinate system based on the target unit structure, and applying periodic boundary conditions to the target unit structure based on the x-axis direction of the coordinate system;
S520, scanning the boundary of an irreducible Brillouin zone in an inverse space based on wave vectors to obtain an energy band structure of the target unit structure, wherein the energy band structure comprises the topological band gap.
Hereinafter, step S510 and step S520 will be further explained and explained. Specifically, a coordinate system is constructed based on the target unit structure, and a periodic boundary condition is applied to the target unit structure along the x-axis direction of the coordinate system, wherein a midpoint of the target unit structure may be used as an origin of the coordinate system when the coordinate system is constructed, or a point in the lower left corner of the target unit structure may be used as the origin of the coordinate system, which is not particularly limited in the present exemplary embodiment. After applying the periodic boundary conditions, the band structure of the target cell structure can be calculated based on the boundary of the irreducible Brillouin zone in the wave vector scan inversion space. Fig. 6 shows the band structure of the target cell structure, where region 610 is the local resonance band gap, region 620 is the topological band gap, and the points in fig. 6 are the modes obtained by screening.
Further, after obtaining the topological bandgap in the band structure, the method further comprises:
And obtaining the mode in the energy band structure through a screening mode of in-plane and out-of-plane polarization.
Specifically, after the band structure of the target unit structure is obtained, the topological band gap characteristic of the bending wave in the band structure can be obtained by using a screening method of in-plane and out-of-plane polarization. Wherein, the in-plane and out-of-plane polarization screening formula is:
p=∫(|w|2dV)/∫(|u|2+|V|2+|w|2)dV
Where p is the polarization factor and (u, v, w) is the displacement field within the target cell structure. When p >0.9, then the calculated mode can be considered as an out-of-plane mode, i.e. bending wave mode.
In the present exemplary embodiment, after the energy band structure of the target cell structure is obtained, there is no excited topological state in the topological band gap of the energy band structure, and the frequency of the topological band gap is affected by the resonance system, therefore, a voltage can be applied to the piezoelectric sheet, changing the natural resonance frequency of the resonance system, and thus changing the frequency range of the topological band gap. The direction of the voltage may be from the lower surface to the upper surface of the piezoelectric sheet. Fig. 7 is a graph showing the influence trend of the frequency range of the topology band gap on the voltage, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the frequency range of the topology band gap gradually moves to a higher frequency with the increase of the voltage in the range of 0-100V.
In step S130, a one-dimensional target system is generated by using the target unit structure, and displacement excitation is set to the one-dimensional target system, so as to obtain an excited topology state in the topology band gap.
In the present example embodiment, to achieve a topology of energy concentration at the boundary, multiple target cell structures need to be combined to construct a one-dimensional system. Referring to fig. 8, the generating a one-dimensional target system by using the target unit structure, setting displacement excitation to the one-dimensional target system, to obtain an excited topology state in the topology band gap, includes:
s810, generating the one-dimensional target system by using a first target unit structure and a second target unit structure;
Step S820, setting unit displacement excitation in the one-dimensional target system to obtain displacement at a measurement interface and fixed unit displacement at the excitation position, and obtaining a transmission spectrum based on the displacement at the measurement interface and the fixed unit displacement at the excitation position;
And S830, obtaining the excited topological state in the topological band gap based on the transmission spectrum.
Hereinafter, step S810 to step S830 will be further explained and explained. Specifically, the first target unit structures and the second target unit structures are used to generate a one-dimensional target system, where the number of the first target unit structures and the number of the second target unit structures are the same, and the number of the first target unit structures and the number of the second target unit structures may be 10 or 15, and in this example embodiment, the number of the first target unit structures and the number of the second target unit structures are not specifically limited. The distance between the positions of the resonators in the first target unit structure and the second target unit structure and the center line of the target unit structure is equal and opposite, wherein the displacement between the resonators and the center line of the target unit structure may be 0, which is not particularly limited in the present exemplary embodiment. Fig. 9 shows a first target cell structure and a second target cell structure, the resulting one-dimensional target system is shown with reference to fig. 10, where 1010 is the measurement point at the interface in fig. 10. After constructing the one-dimensional target system with the interface, in order to excite the topology state at the interface, a unit displacement excitation can be set in the one-dimensional target system, the unit displacement excitation can be set at the leftmost end of the one-dimensional target system, and based on the unit displacement excitation, a fixed unit displacement can be generated, so that the transmission rate can be obtained according to the fixed unit displacement w at the excitation and the displacement response wi at the measurement interface
After the transmission rate is obtained, the transmission spectrum shown in fig. 11 can be obtained from the transmission rate. In the transmission spectrum, the peak value represented by a point in the topological band gap frequency range is the excited topological state, and the frequency corresponding to the peak value point is the frequency when the interface state is excited.
In step S140, a voltage is applied to the one-dimensional target system, and the excitation frequency of the excited topological state is adjusted based on the voltage.
In this example embodiment, after the excited topology states in the topology bandgap are obtained, a voltage may be applied to adjust the frequency of the excited topology states within the topology bandgap. The applying a voltage to the one-dimensional target system, adjusting an excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on the voltage, includes:
applying a voltage to a target cell structure included in the one-dimensional target system, and adjusting an excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on a change of the voltage.
Specifically, a voltage can be applied to each piezoelectric plate in the one-dimensional target system, the variation amplitude of the voltage is 0-100V, and the equivalent bending stiffness of the one-dimensional periodic perforated beam is influenced by applying the voltage to the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoelectric plate, so that the excitation frequency of a topological state is influenced. FIG. 12 shows a plot of the excitation frequency affected by voltage in a one-dimensional target system, where the excitation frequency of the topology increases with increasing voltage and the trend is linear when the voltage value is in the range of 0-100V.
The topological state frequency adjusting method provided by the embodiment of the disclosure has the advantages that on one hand, a one-dimensional target system is generated by utilizing a target unit structure, displacement excitation is set for the one-dimensional target system, an excited topological state in a topological band gap is obtained, after the excited state is obtained, voltage is applied to the one-dimensional target system, the excited frequency of the excited topological state is adjusted based on the voltage, the problem that a geometric structure needs to be changed in the related art is solved, the response speed and the energy efficiency of frequency adjustment are improved, and on the other hand, the frequency of the topological state is controlled rapidly and accurately through external voltage under the condition that the structure of a target material is unchanged, the operation is simplified, and the flexibility of the system is improved.
Example embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a topology frequency adjustment apparatus, as shown with reference to fig. 13, that may include a target cell structure generation module 1310, a topology bandgap determination module 1320, a topology excitation module 1330, and a frequency adjustment module 1340. Wherein:
A target unit structure generating module 1310, configured to generate a target unit structure by using a piezoelectric sheet as a resonator and using the unit structures of the piezoelectric sheet and a target material;
A topology bandgap determination module 1320 for applying a periodic boundary condition to the target cell structure to obtain an energy band structure of the cell structure and a topology bandgap in the energy band structure;
The topological state excitation module 1330 is configured to generate a one-dimensional target system by using the target unit structure, and set displacement excitation for the one-dimensional target system to obtain an excited topological state in the topological band gap;
a frequency adjustment module 1340 for applying a voltage to the one-dimensional target system, and adjusting the excitation frequency of the excited topology based on the voltage.
The specific details of each module in the above-mentioned topology frequency adjustment device are already described in detail in the corresponding topology frequency adjustment method, so that the details are not repeated here.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the generating a target cell structure by using a piezoelectric sheet as a resonator and a cell structure of the piezoelectric sheet and a target material includes:
a piezoelectric sheet with cylindrical mass is used as a resonator and fixed on the unit structure of the target material;
and determining a unit structure composed of the piezoelectric sheet, the cylindrical mass and the unit structure of the target material as the target unit structure.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the applying the periodic boundary condition to the target cell structure results in an energy band structure of the cell structure and a topological bandgap in the energy band structure, comprising:
Constructing a coordinate system based on the target unit structure, and applying periodic boundary conditions to the target unit structure based on the x-axis direction of the coordinate system;
and scanning the boundary of the irreducible Brillouin zone in the inverse space based on the wave vector to obtain the energy band structure of the target unit structure, wherein the energy band structure comprises the topological band gap.
In one exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, after obtaining the topological bandgap in the energy band structure, the method further comprises:
And obtaining the mode in the energy band structure through a screening mode of in-plane and out-of-plane polarization.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, the generating a one-dimensional target system by using the target unit structure, setting displacement excitation to the one-dimensional target system, to obtain an excited topology state in the topology bandgap, includes:
generating the one-dimensional target system by using the first target unit structure and the second target unit structure;
Setting unit displacement excitation in the one-dimensional target system to obtain displacement at a measurement interface and fixed unit displacement at the excitation position, and obtaining a transmission spectrum based on the displacement at the measurement interface and the fixed unit displacement at the excitation position;
and obtaining the excited topological state in the topological band gap based on the transmission spectrum.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the first target unit structure and the second target unit structure are located at equal distances from the unit structure, and opposite directions.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the applying a voltage to the one-dimensional target system, adjusting an excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on the voltage, includes:
applying a voltage to a target cell structure included in the one-dimensional target system, and adjusting an excitation frequency of the excited topological state based on a change of the voltage.
It should be noted that although in the above detailed description several modules or units of a device for action execution are mentioned, such a division is not mandatory. Indeed, the features and functions of two or more modules or units described above may be embodied in one module or unit in accordance with embodiments of the invention. Conversely, the features and functions of one module or unit described above may be further divided into a plurality of modules or units to be embodied.
Furthermore, although the steps of the methods of the present invention are depicted in the accompanying drawings in a particular order, this is not required to or suggested that the steps must be performed in this particular order or that all of the steps shown be performed in order to achieve desirable results. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step to perform, and/or one step decomposed into multiple steps to perform, etc.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various aspects of the invention may be implemented as a system, method, or program product. Accordingly, aspects of the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining hardware and software aspects that may be referred to herein collectively as a "circuit," module "or" system.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a topology frequency adjustment apparatus including a memory having instructions stored therein and at least one processor that invokes the instructions in the memory to cause the topology frequency adjustment apparatus to perform the topology frequency adjustment method of any one of the above,
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a program product capable of implementing the method described above in the present specification is also provided. In some possible embodiments, the various aspects of the invention may also be implemented in the form of a program product comprising program code for causing a terminal device to carry out the steps according to the various exemplary embodiments of the invention as described in the "exemplary methods" section of this specification, when said program product is run on the terminal device.
A program product for implementing the above-described method according to an embodiment of the present invention may employ a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) and include program code, and may be run on a terminal device, such as a personal computer. However, the program product of the present invention is not limited thereto, and in this document, a readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
The program product may employ any combination of one or more readable media. The readable medium may be a readable signal medium or a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium can be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or a combination of any of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of a readable storage medium include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable disk, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
The computer readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave with readable program code embodied therein. Such a propagated data signal may take any of a variety of forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A readable signal medium may also be any readable medium that is not a readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF (Radio Frequency) and the like, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Program code for carrying out operations of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, C++ or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computing device, partly on the user's device, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computing device, partly on a remote computing device, or entirely on the remote computing device or server. In the case of remote computing devices, the remote computing device may be connected to the user computing device through any kind of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computing device (e.g., connected via the Internet using an Internet service provider).
Furthermore, the above-described drawings are only schematic illustrations of processes included in the method according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and are not intended to be limiting. It will be readily appreciated that the processes shown in the above figures do not indicate or limit the temporal order of these processes. In addition, it is also readily understood that these processes may be performed synchronously or asynchronously, for example, among a plurality of modules.
Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the application following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the application pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the application being indicated by the following claims.