CN1193413A - Integral HID reflector - Google Patents

Abstract

An integrated reflector lamp includes a sealed envelope enclosing a high pressure gas discharge vessel. A shell has a rim portion which receives the sealed envelope and an opposing basal portion carrying a screw base. A ballast for igniting and operating the discharge device is enclosed within the shell between the screw base and the sealed envelope. The sealed envelope includes a reflective surface which directs light emitted by the discharge vessel. The reflective surface also provides effective heat management for preventing overheating of the ballast by the heat generated by the discharge device. The integrated lamp has photometrics and luminous efficacy which exceeds that of corresponding halogen and halogen IR reflector lamps while having an overall planform which fits within that of the corresponding lamp.

Description

Translated fromChinese

整体的HID反射灯Integral HID reflector

发明的背景background of the invention

本发明涉及一种整体的反射灯，它包括一个可受激励而发光的光源，一个反射体，它具有一个用于为光源发出的光定向的反射面，以及一个灯座，灯座上有灯接点以便与光源形成电连接。The present invention relates to an integral reflector lamp comprising a light source which can be excited to emit light, a reflector which has a reflective surface for orienting the light emitted by the light source, and a base with a lamp contacts to form an electrical connection with the light source.

此类灯在工业中是常见的，并且通常包括例如镀铝的抛物面反射器(PAR)灯。PAR灯具有一个坚固的灯罩以及内部具有抛物面反射面的压制玻璃反射体和一个对反射体形成气密密封的压制玻璃盖。以往的光源是一种白炽灯丝。近来的光源采用了卤素燃烧器，它的效率比惯用的白炽灯丝要高。进一步发展的技术是采用卤素燃烧器，它包括覆盖在燃烧器包套上或是燃烧器包套内部或外部的一个套管上的红外反射涂层。该涂层将原来被浪费的红外线反射返回到灯丝上。这样就会增加灯丝的温度，并且在给定的功率消耗下增加有用光的输出。Such lamps are common in the industry and typically include, for example, aluminized parabolic reflector (PAR) lamps. PAR lamps have a solid housing with a pressed glass reflector with a parabolic reflector inside and a pressed glass cover that forms a hermetic seal against the reflector. The previous light source was an incandescent filament. More recent light sources employ halogen burners, which are more efficient than conventional incandescent filaments. A further development is the use of halogen burners, which include an infrared reflective coating either on the burner envelope or on a sleeve inside or outside the burner envelope. The coating reflects otherwise wasted infrared light back onto the filament. This increases the temperature of the filament and increases the output of useful light for a given power consumption.

PAR灯具有许多不同的型号，并且具有许多不同的用途。这些用途包括一般的室内和室外的投射和泛光照明，例如用于建筑物，雕像，喷泉以及运动场照明，也用于重点照明场合，例如零售商店的陈列橱窗，旅馆，饭店和剧院等等。PAR lights come in many different models and serve many different purposes. These uses include general indoor and outdoor projection and flood lighting, such as for buildings, statues, fountains, and sports field lighting, as well as accent lighting applications, such as retail store display windows, hotels, restaurants, and theaters.

作为普遍追求高效节能照明的一个步骤，近来的美国政府立法(统称为国家能源政策法案，National Energy Policy Act“EPACT”)已经规定了包括镀铝的抛物面反射器(PAR)灯在内的许多种通用灯的灯光效率值。这些最低效率值从1995年起生效，只有满足这些效率等级的产品才能获准在美国销售。PAR-38白炽灯的效率值是针对各种功率范围来制订的。例如，51-66W的灯必须满足每瓦特11流明(LPW)，67-85W的灯必须满足12.5LPW，86-115W的灯必须满足14LPW，而116-155W范围的灯必须满足14.5LPW。As a step in the general pursuit of energy-efficient lighting, recent U.S. government legislation (collectively known as the National Energy Policy Act, National Energy Policy Act "EPACT") has provided for many types of lamps, including aluminum-coated parabolic reflector (PAR) lamps. Luminous efficacy value for generic lights. These minimum efficiency values have been in effect since 1995, and only products meeting these efficiency levels are approved for sale in the United States. Efficiency values for PAR-38 incandescent lamps are formulated for various power ranges. For example, lamps in the 51-66W range must meet 11 lumens per watt (LPW), lamps in the 67-85W range must meet 12.5LPW, lamps in the 86-115W range must meet 14LPW, and lamps in the 116-155W range must meet 14.5LPW.

目前在市场上具有铝制反射涂层和白炽灯丝的PAR38灯很少能够通过EPACT标准而其商业上可接受的寿命又可达1000小时左右。而能达到这种水平的也只是刚刚超过了最低标准，并且不大可能再有进一步的实质进步。因此，市场会很快地转向具有卤素燃烧器或是卤素IR(红外)燃烧器的PAR灯。Few of the PAR38 lamps currently on the market with an aluminum reflective coating and an incandescent filament pass the EPACT standard and have a commercially acceptable lifetime of around 1000 hours. And those who can reach this level have just exceeded the minimum standard, and further substantial progress is unlikely. Therefore, the market will quickly shift to PAR lamps with halogen burners or halogen IR (infrared) burners.

然而，普通的卤素或卤素IR灯的缺点之一是在其满足效率的同时却只有较短的寿命。例如，市场上通用的90W灯的平均寿命是大约2500小时，而60W的卤素IR灯仅仅是稍长一点，达到3000小时。人们总是希望能明显地延长灯的寿命，因为更换灯泡的费用很容易超过需要更换的灯本身的费用，特别是那些安装在高处灯具内的灯。另一个缺点是发光效率仅限于20LPW以下。例如，90W卤素PAR灯的发光效率大约是16LPW，而具有卤素IR燃烧器的60WPAR灯的发光效率大约是19LPW。如果要保证这些灯的一定寿命，可期望的效率的进一步提高仅有5％。再有一个缺点就是钨丝灯的最高色温只能限制在3650K，也就是钨的熔点。然而，为了获得市场上可以接受的寿命，色温的范围通常被限制在2600-3000K。实践中总是希望使灯具有不同的色温，只有这样的灯才能适应特殊的用途。例如在阴冷环境下，通常希望有暖色温(例如3000K)，而在温暖环境下则希望具备冷色温(例如4500K)。However, one of the disadvantages of conventional halogen or halogen IR lamps is that they have a short lifespan while satisfying their efficiency. For example, the average lifespan of a 90W lamp commonly used in the market is about 2500 hours, while a 60W halogen IR lamp is only slightly longer, reaching 3000 hours. It is always desirable to significantly extend lamp life, as the cost of replacing a bulb can easily outweigh the cost of the lamp itself that needs to be replaced, especially those installed in high-rise fixtures. Another disadvantage is that the luminous efficiency is limited to below 20LPW. For example, the luminous efficacy of a 90W halogen PAR lamp is about 16LPW, while the luminous efficacy of a 60W PAR lamp with a halogen IR burner is about 19LPW. A further increase in efficiency of only 5% can be expected if a certain lifetime of these lamps is to be guaranteed. Another disadvantage is that the maximum color temperature of tungsten lamps can only be limited to 3650K, which is the melting point of tungsten. However, in order to obtain an acceptable lifetime in the market, the range of color temperature is usually limited to 2600-3000K. In practice it is always desirable to have lamps with different color temperatures, only such lamps can be adapted to special purposes. For example, in a cool environment, a warm color temperature (such as 3000K) is generally desired, while a cool color temperature (such as 4500K) is desired in a warm environment.

另一种公知的反射灯包括一个吹制的玻璃罩，并且包含一种裸露的白炽灯丝。这种灯通常被称为“R”灯，其发光效率甚至比PAR灯更低，大约是在9-11PLW的范围，并且具有相同的色度学限制。Another known reflector lamp comprises a blown glass envelope and contains a bare incandescent filament. These lamps, often referred to as "R" lamps, have even lower luminous efficacy than PAR lamps, in the range of about 9-11 PLW, and have the same colorimetric limits.

发明概要Summary of the invention

因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够提高效率的反射灯。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a reflector lamp with improved efficiency.

本发明的另一目的是提供一种能够提高灯的寿命的反射灯。Another object of the present invention is to provide a reflector lamp capable of increasing the lifetime of the lamp.

本发明的再一目的是提供这样一种反射灯，它的色温和现色性等等光度学参数具有较大的灵活性。Another object of the present invention is to provide such a reflector lamp, which has greater flexibility in photometric parameters such as color temperature and color rendering.

本发明的又一目的是提供这样一种灯，它可以在白炽灯和卤素PAR灯以及白炽“R”灯的同样灯具中使用。Yet another object of the present invention is to provide such a lamp which can be used in the same fixture as incandescent and halogen PAR lamps as well as incandescent "R" lamps.

按照本发明，上述目的是用权利要求1前序部分中所述的那种灯来实现的。According to the invention, the above objects are achieved with a lamp of the type mentioned in the preamble of claim 1 .

上述实施例提供了一种反射灯，它可以用来替代包括卤素灯和卤素PAR灯以及公知的“R”灯等等已知的具有白炽灯丝的PAR灯，并具有明显的节能效果。按照本实施例的这种灯可以象相应的灯一样安装在相同的灯具中，通过螺纹拧在相同的灯座中，并且使用相同的动力线电压。这样就能简化更换工作。此外，除了明显地改善发光效率之外，还可以通过选择不同的金属卤化物填充成分来设计气体放电装置，从而使其获得比公知的PAR灯和R灯范围更宽的色度学参数，例如色温等等。这样，灯的设计者就能获得很大的灵活性，使这种灯能够适合特定的环境。按照一种商业上可行的实施方案，灯的外形基本上处在PAR38灯的ANSI外形之内，这种外形在公共场所的照明中是广泛采用的。The above embodiments provide a reflector lamp that can be used to replace known PAR lamps with incandescent filaments, including halogen lamps and halogen PAR lamps, as well as known "R" lamps, etc., and has significant energy saving effects. Such a lamp according to this embodiment can be installed in the same luminaire as a corresponding lamp, be screwed into the same socket, and use the same power line voltage. This simplifies the replacement work. Furthermore, in addition to the obvious improvement in luminous efficiency, gas discharge devices can be designed by choosing different metal halide filling compositions, so that they can obtain a wider range of colorimetric parameters than the known PAR lamps and R lamps, such as color temperature and more. In this way, the designer of the lamp can obtain great flexibility, so that this lamp can be adapted to a specific environment. According to a commercially viable embodiment, the shape of the lamp is substantially within the ANSI shape of the PAR38 lamp, which is widely used in lighting public spaces.

按照另一个实施例，在灯的正常工作期间，在电流的频率低于灯的最低谐振频率时，放电装置不会出现灯的交流电流的声频谐振，并且由镇流电路来激发放电灯，从而使灯的交流电流具有基波频率和各种谐波，这种谐波是基波频率的整倍数。基波频率和灯的最低谐振频率(对电流而言)都高于约19KHz，并且高于灯的最低谐振频率的谐波的幅值不足以产生声频谐振。According to another embodiment, during normal operation of the lamp, when the frequency of the current is lower than the lowest resonance frequency of the lamp, the discharge device does not exhibit an acoustic resonance of the alternating current of the lamp, and the discharge lamp is energized by the ballast circuit, whereby The AC current of the lamp has the fundamental frequency and various harmonics, which are integral multiples of the fundamental frequency. Both the fundamental frequency and the lowest lamp resonant frequency (for current) are above about 19 KHz, and the harmonics above the lamp's lowest resonant frequency are not of sufficient magnitude to produce an audible resonance.

HID灯通常希望在高频交流下运行，因为这样就能明显地缩小镇流器电感元件的尺寸，并且比在60Hz运行条件下可以在一定程度上提高整体效率，因为镇流器的损耗下降了。然而，高频运行在现有技术的系统中是有限制的，因为在镇流器的基波频率上或是其附近会出现声频谐振。发生声频谐振的频率取决于许多因素，这其中包括放电管的尺寸(即长度，直径，腔体端面的形状，有无管状体等等)，气体填充的密度，运行温度，以及灯的方位。本文中使用的“声频谐振”是指可以使放电电弧产生干扰的谐振达到了人眼可以看到的程度。HID lamps usually want to run at high frequency AC, because this can significantly reduce the size of the ballast inductive element, and can improve the overall efficiency to a certain extent than operating at 60Hz, because the loss of the ballast is reduced. . However, high frequency operation is limited in prior art systems due to the occurrence of acoustic resonances at or near the fundamental frequency of the ballast. The frequency at which acoustic resonance occurs depends on many factors, including the size of the discharge vessel (i.e. length, diameter, shape of cavity end faces, presence or absence of tubular bodies, etc.), gas fill density, operating temperature, and lamp orientation. As used herein, "acoustic resonance" refers to a resonance that can interfere with the discharge arc to the extent that it can be seen by the human eye.

根据F.Bernitz在Symp.Light Sourees，Karlsruhe 1986上发表的文章“An Autotracking System For Stable Hf Operation of HID Lamps”(“HID灯稳定高频运行用的自动跟踪系统”)，在公知的现有技术系统中，放电装置的声频谐振既出现在低频和中频范围(例如100-500Hz和5000-7000Hz)也出现在高于19KHz的高频范围。石英制成的放电管具有由高端和低端频率所限定的非常有限的狭窄运行窗口，这种出现声频谐振的高、低频率界限取决于尺寸的严格控制。由于放电管是石英玻璃制成的，在高速生产中很难对尺寸进行严格的控制。因此，即使是相同类型和功率的放电装置，系统的设计者也会面临狭窄的运行窗口问题，这种窗口不仅对不同制造商的灯来说是不同的，而且同一制造商造出的灯也是不同的。现有技术的系统主要是依靠复杂的检测，并且采用避开声频谐振运行的方案。然而，此类系统的电路既昂贵又复杂，因而体积庞大，并且不能适用于整体的灯。According to the article "An Autotracking System For Stable Hf Operation of HID Lamps" published by F.Bernitz in Symp.Light Sourees, Karlsruhe 1986 ("Automatic tracking system for stable high-frequency operation of HID lamps"), in the known prior art In the system, the acoustic resonance of the discharge device appears both in the low and middle frequency ranges (eg 100-500Hz and 5000-7000Hz) and in the high frequency range above 19KHz. Discharge tubes made of quartz have a very limited, narrow window of operation defined by high and low frequencies. This high and low frequency boundary at which acoustic resonance occurs depends on tight control of dimensions. Since the discharge tube is made of quartz glass, it is difficult to strictly control the size in high-speed production. Therefore, even with discharge devices of the same type and power, the system designer is faced with the problem of a narrow operating window, which is not only different for lamps from different manufacturers, but also for lamps made by the same manufacturer. different. Prior art systems rely primarily on complex detection and employ solutions that avoid acoustic resonance. However, the circuitry of such systems is expensive, complex, bulky and not suitable for integral lamps.

然而，按照上述实施例，本发明已经证明了可以对电弧放电装置进行选择，使它的最低声频谐振频率(对电流而言)出现在明显高于19KHz声频的频率上，在一个实施例中，这一频率是30KHz，这样就能在19KHz以上和最低谐振频率之间的窗口中安全地操作。这样就能获得比较简单，紧凑和费用低廉的镇流电路，不需要复杂的检测或是运行方案。However, according to the above-described embodiment, the present invention has demonstrated that the arc discharge device can be selected so that its lowest acoustic resonant frequency (for current) occurs at a frequency significantly higher than the 19KHz acoustic frequency. In one embodiment, This frequency is 30KHz, which allows safe operation in the window between above 19KHz and the lowest resonant frequency. This results in a relatively simple, compact and inexpensive ballast circuit which does not require complicated detection or operation schemes.

值得注意的是，声频谐振从技术上来看是由灯的功率引起的，也就是灯的电流和电压的乘积。因此，声频谐振可用电源频率来确定，该频率通常是灯的电流频率的二倍。然而，对于在给定的镇流器上使用的给定的放电装置来说，发生声频谐振时对应的灯电流频率是容易确定的。因此，在本文中用灯的电流频率和灯的功率频率来表示声频谐振频率，并且只要给定了其中之一就可以根据上述1∶2的关系确定另外一个频率。It is worth noting that the acoustic resonance is technically caused by the lamp power, which is the product of the lamp current and voltage. Therefore, the acoustic resonance can be determined by the mains frequency, which is usually twice the frequency of the lamp current. However, for a given discharge device used on a given ballast, the corresponding lamp current frequency at which the acoustic resonance occurs is readily determined. Therefore, the current frequency of the lamp and the power frequency of the lamp are used to represent the acoustic resonance frequency in this paper, and as long as one of them is given, the other frequency can be determined according to the above-mentioned 1:2 relationship.

本发明的另一个依据在于声频谐振不仅可以由基波驱动频率产生，也可以由普通电子镇流器的输出电流(或是功率)的谐波产生。即使基波频率明显地低于灯的谐振频率，但高于灯的最低谐振频率并具有足够幅值的谐波仍然会造成声频谐振。因此，为了无谐振的运行，镇流器的驱动信号中超过灯的最低谐振频率的任何谐波必须具有足够低的幅值，以免引起声频谐振。Another basis of the present invention is that the acoustic resonance can be generated not only by the fundamental driving frequency, but also by the harmonics of the output current (or power) of a common electronic ballast. Even if the fundamental frequency is significantly lower than the resonant frequency of the lamp, harmonics of sufficient magnitude above the lowest resonant frequency of the lamp will still cause an acoustic resonance. Therefore, for resonance-free operation, any harmonics in the ballast's drive signal above the lowest lamp resonant frequency must be of sufficiently low amplitude so as not to cause audible resonances.

在又一个实施例中，镇流器在灯的稳态运行期间使基波频率基本上保持恒定。这样就能省掉现有技术的系统中用于充电和频率扫描以及维持恒定功率的许多控制元件，从而进一步降低灯的镇流器的成本和尺寸。In yet another embodiment, the ballast maintains the fundamental frequency substantially constant during steady state operation of the lamp. This eliminates many of the control elements used in prior art systems for charging and frequency sweeping and maintaining constant power, thereby further reducing the cost and size of the lamp ballast.

放电管上最好包括一种陶瓷的壁，此处所说的“陶瓷壁”是指一种耐火材料制成的壁，例如单晶体金属氧化物(例如蓝宝石)，多晶体金属氧化物(例如致密的多晶体烧结氧化铝；钇-铝金刚砂，或是氧化钇)，以及多晶体非氧化物材料(例如氮化铝)。这些材料允许壁的温度达到1400-1600K的高温，并且足以耐受卤化物、卤素和Na(钠)的化学侵蚀。这样做的优点在于可以采用小尺寸的陶瓷材料放电管。另外，使用陶瓷材料时允许的公差比惯用的石英玻璃压制技术的公差小得多。降低公差有助于使灯与灯之间的声频谐振特性和色度学性能有更好的一致性。The wall of a kind of ceramic preferably is included on the discharge tube, and " ceramic wall " mentioned herein refers to the wall that a kind of refractory material is made, for example single crystal metal oxide (such as sapphire), polycrystalline metal oxide (such as dense polycrystalline sintered alumina; yttrium-aluminum corundum, or yttrium oxide), and polycrystalline non-oxide materials such as aluminum nitride. These materials allow the temperature of the wall to reach high temperatures of 1400-1600K, and are sufficiently resistant to chemical attack by halides, halogens and Na (sodium). This has the advantage that a small-sized discharge vessel of ceramic material can be used. In addition, the permissible tolerances when using ceramic materials are much smaller than those of conventional quartz glass pressing techniques. Lower tolerances allow for better consistency of acoustic resonance characteristics and colorimetric performance from lamp to lamp.

按照另一实施例的放电装置包括一个具有端壁的圆柱形中心区。端壁之间被一个轴向的距离“L”分开，中心区的内径是“ID”，并且L∶ID的比例大约是1∶1。在陶瓷放电管中具有这种中心区的灯是已知的，例如(Gevens等人的)美国专利US5424609号。然而，这种已公开的灯内部的中心区不是1∶1的，而是更长更窄，其L∶ID的比例大于或等于4∶3。本发明人发现，大约1∶1的比例对于灯的最低共振频率而言具有良好的效果。按照这一比例，纵向(由尺寸L控制)的第一声频谐振与径向和水平方向(由尺寸ID来控制)的第一声频谐振基本上吻合。一般说来，当比例逐渐偏离1∶1时，较大的尺寸会使径向/水平或纵向上各自出现声频谐振的频率降低，由此确定了灯的最低谐振频率。A discharge device according to another embodiment comprises a cylindrical central region with end walls. The end walls are separated by an axial distance "L", the inner diameter of the central region is "ID", and the ratio L:ID is approximately 1:1. Lamps having such a central region in a ceramic discharge vessel are known, for example US Pat. No. 5,424,609 (Gevens et al.). However, the central area inside the disclosed lamp is not 1:1, but is longer and narrower, with an L:ID ratio greater than or equal to 4:3. The inventors have found that a ratio of about 1:1 has good results for the lowest resonance frequency of the lamp. According to this ratio, the first acoustic resonance in the longitudinal direction (controlled by the dimension L) substantially coincides with the first acoustic resonance in the radial and horizontal directions (controlled by the dimension ID). Generally speaking, as the ratio gradually deviates from 1:1, the larger size reduces the frequency at which the radial/horizontal or longitudinal resonance occurs respectively, thereby determining the lowest resonance frequency of the lamp.

按照一个非常良好的实施例，系统中包括多个放电管，其各自的最低共振频率(对电流而言)都在约19KHz以上，并且受到镇流器的激励而同时发光。据本发明人所知，在用石英玻璃制成的任何实用的放电装置中，对电流而言的最低共振频率没有一个能超过约19KHz。另外，即使是采用上述具有约1∶1的L∶ID比例的陶瓷放电管，按照本发明人的预料，最低共振频率(对电流而言)在19KHz以上的这种放电装置的最大额定功率大约是35瓦特。本实施例的意义在于可以提供相对较高的光输出量，但仍可在19KHz以上工作而不会出现声频谐振。According to a very advantageous embodiment, the system comprises a plurality of discharge tubes, each having a minimum resonant frequency (for current) above about 19 KHz, and being excited by the ballast to emit light simultaneously. To the best of the knowledge of the present inventors, in any practical discharge device made of quartz glass, the lowest resonant frequency for current flow exceeds about 19 KHz. In addition, even if the above-mentioned ceramic discharge tube with an L:ID ratio of about 1:1 is used, according to the inventor's expectation, the maximum rated power of this discharge device with a minimum resonance frequency (for current) above 19KHz is about is 35 watts. The significance of this embodiment is that it can provide relatively high light output, but still can work above 19KHz without occurrence of acoustic resonance.

最好是把多个放电装置装入灯的同一个罩中。放电装置可以采用串联的电连接。串联连接的放电装置可以保证各个装置具有相同的灯电流。Advantageously, several discharge devices are incorporated into the same envelope of the lamp. The discharge means may be electrically connected in series. Connecting the discharge devices in series ensures that the individual devices have the same lamp current.

在又一个实施例中，反射灯包括多个(例如一对)在电气上并联连接的放电管。在这种结构中，其中一个放电装置会点火燃烧，而另一个则不会点火。然而，当一个放电装置的寿命结束时，另一个放电装置就会点火燃烧，从而可以有效地延长其寿命使其达到具有的放电装置数的整数倍。这种方式的另一个优点是可以在瞬间再次触发正在使用的灯，因为在一个放电装置熄灭时，原本没有燃烧的另一个较冷的放电装置就会点火。In yet another embodiment, the reflector lamp comprises a plurality (eg a pair) of discharge tubes electrically connected in parallel. In this configuration, one of the discharge devices will ignite and burn while the other will not. However, when the life of one discharge device ends, the other discharge device will ignite and burn, so that its life can be effectively extended to an integer multiple of the number of discharge devices it has. Another advantage of this method is that the lamps in use can be retriggered instantaneously, because when one discharge device is extinguished, another, cooler discharge device that was not burning will be ignited.

放电管上最好具有辅助起动装置，其一端围绕着放电管的一个延长的闭合插头结构延伸，而第二端直接连接到对面的引线上。The discharge vessel is preferably provided with starting aids, one end of which extends around an elongated closure plug structure of the discharge vessel, and the second end is connected directly to the opposite lead.

按照再一个实施例的光源是一种高压气体放电装置，并且According to a further embodiment the light source is a high voltage gas discharge device, and

该灯进一步包括The lamp further includes

(i)一个压制的玻璃灯罩，它采用气密方式密封，并且容纳高压气体放电装置，压制的玻璃灯罩包括一个具有反射面的反射体，(i) a pressed glass lampshade which is hermetically sealed and contains a high-pressure gas discharge device, the pressed glass lampshade comprising a reflector having a reflective surface,

(ii)一个壳体，其第一端部上载有灯座，第二端部用于接纳灯罩，以及(ii) a housing carrying the lampholder at a first end and receiving a lampshade at a second end, and

(iii)用于激励放电装置发光的镇流器，镇流器被安装在壳体内部，处在压制的玻璃灯罩和第一端部之间，镇流器上包括一对输入端子，各自电连接到灯座上对应的触点，以及一对输出端子，分别电连接到放电装置，(iii) A ballast for exciting the discharge device to emit light. The ballast is installed inside the housing between the pressed glass lampshade and the first end. The ballast includes a pair of input terminals, each of which is Connected to the corresponding contacts on the lamp holder, and a pair of output terminals, respectively electrically connected to the discharge device,

灯罩被容纳在壳体的第二端部，其反射面的位置可以将放电装置产生的光和热从镇流器上反射出去。The lampshade is received at the second end of the housing, and its reflective surface is positioned to reflect light and heat generated by the discharge device away from the ballast.

在研究中已经发现，即使是在灯座朝上(base-up)的状态下，压制的玻璃反射体仍可以将放电装置产生的大部分热量从镇流器元件上带走。这得益于反射面本身和压制玻璃的厚度。与此相比，美国专利US4490649号中所述的那种没有反射面的吹制的薄壁玻璃罩需要在罩内安装一个具有IR反射膜的内部玻璃隔板，以便获得适当的镇流器温度。这种方式的结构非常复杂，因为连接到放电装置的引线必须要穿过隔板。In research it has been found that even in the base-up state, the pressed glass reflector can still carry most of the heat generated by the discharge device away from the ballast element. This is due to the reflective surface itself and the thickness of the pressed glass. In contrast, blown thin-walled glass enclosures of the type described in US Pat. No. 4,490,649 require an internal glass partition with an IR reflective film inside the enclosure to achieve proper ballast temperature . The structure of this method is very complicated, because the lead wires connected to the discharge device must pass through the partition.

按照另一实施例的整体灯包括一个电路板，镇流器的电路元件安装在其第一侧和第二侧上，电路板被安装在壳体内部，其第一侧面对着反射体，而第二侧面对着灯座。电路板在壳体内的反射体和电路板之间限定了一个第一舱室，并且在电路板和灯座之间限定了一个第二舱室，电路板基本上是无孔的，并且被固定在壳体上，用于阻止壳体内第一舱室和第二舱室之间的空气流通。这种结构的优点在于电路板可以起到气流屏障的作用，防止空气循环，阻止反射体上发热的后表面通过壳体内部的对流向电路元件传递热量。美国专利US4490649号采用的是一种轴向安装的电路板，并且在壳体内的电路板和灯罩之间有一个附加的绝缘材料体，与其相比，本发明的结构比较简单。An integral lamp according to another embodiment comprises a circuit board on which the circuit components of the ballast are mounted on a first side and a second side, the circuit board being mounted inside the housing with its first side facing the reflector, and The second side faces the lamp holder. The circuit board defines a first compartment between the reflector in the housing and the circuit board, and defines a second compartment between the circuit board and the lamp holder, the circuit board being substantially imperforate and secured to the housing On the body, it is used to prevent the air circulation between the first compartment and the second compartment in the housing. The advantage of this structure is that the circuit board can act as an airflow barrier to prevent air circulation and prevent the heated rear surface of the reflector from transferring heat to the circuit components through convection inside the housing. U.S. Patent No. US4490649 adopted an axially installed circuit board, and an additional insulating material body was arranged between the circuit board in the housing and the lampshade. Compared with it, the structure of the present invention is simpler.

在又一个实施例中，镇流器采用极性不变的DC灯电流来使放电装置运行。这样做的优点是不会出现声频谐振，这样就能减轻对用高频AC运行的电弧管的形状等方面的限制，同时仍可以采用紧凑的电路，制成紧凑的整体反射灯。In yet another embodiment, the ballast uses DC lamp current of constant polarity to operate the discharge means. The advantage of this is that there will be no audible resonance, thus relieving constraints on the shape etc. of arc tubes operating with high frequency AC, while still allowing the use of compact circuits to make compact integral reflector lamps.

参见附图和下文中的详细描述可以清楚地了解本发明的上述和其他方面，特征及其优点。The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.

附图简述Brief description of the drawings

图1表示一个具有单一构造的整体HID反射灯，它包括一个密封的反射单元，一个镇流器，以及容纳镇流器并且夹持灯的反射单元的一个壳体；Figure 1 shows a monolithic HID reflector lamp of single construction comprising a sealed reflector unit, a ballast, and a housing housing the ballast and holding the reflector unit of the lamp;

图2详细地表示了图1的灯中使用的放电管；Figure 2 shows in detail the discharge vessel used in the lamp of Figure 1;

图3是用来使图1的灯工作的一个高频镇流器的框图；Figure 3 is a block diagram of a high frequency ballast used to operate the lamp of Figure 1;

图4(a)和4(b)是两个曲线图，表示装有陶瓷电弧管的金属卤化物灯与石英电弧管相比在相关的色温(CCT)和现色性(CRI)方面具有优异的稳定性；Figures 4(a) and 4(b) are two graphs showing the superiority of metal halide lamps with ceramic arc tubes in terms of correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering (CRI) compared to quartz arc tubes stability;

图5表示叠加在ANSI规格的PAR38外形上的按照本发明的一个PAR38整体HID灯的外形；Figure 5 shows the profile of a PAR38 integral HID lamp according to the present invention superimposed on the ANSI specification PAR38 profile;

图6(a)表示两个放电装置串联连接的安装结构；以及Fig. 6 (a) shows the installation structure that two discharge devices are connected in series; and

图6(b)表示两个放电装置并联连接的安装结构。Fig. 6(b) shows a mounting structure in which two discharge devices are connected in parallel.

优选实施例描述Description of preferred embodiments

图1所示的HID整体反射灯200具有一个密封的反射单元225，它被封装在容有镇流器300的壳体250中。反射单元具有一个以气密方式密封的玻璃灯罩227，并且容纳一个高压放电管3。The HID integral reflector lamp 200 shown in FIG. 1 has a sealed reflector unit 225 which is packaged in a housing 250 containing a ballast 300 . The reflective unit has a glass globe 227 sealed in an airtight manner, and accommodates a high-voltage discharge tube 3 .

灯罩227包括一个压制的玻璃反射体，它具有一个基座部分229和延伸到反射体边缘231的一个抛物面230。(图1)由压制的玻璃透镜233构成的盖被气密地密封到反射体的边缘231上。抛物面230具有一个光轴234，在光轴上有一个焦点235，在抛物面上还有一个构成反射面的例如由铝制成的反射涂层237。适合作反射涂层的其他材料还包括银和多层的二向色性涂层。反射体的基座部分包括套筒239，导电支撑体240，241以气密的方式通过它而延伸。导电支撑体分别被连接到放电管3的馈入装置40，50。放电管3是横跨着光轴234设置的。导电支撑体还支撑着一个围绕放电管3的光透射套管243。由于灯罩227中充有气体，如果没有适当尺寸的套管，在灯的操作期间就会维持对流。光透射套管243通过控制放电管3的对流冷却，提供一种热调节。The shade 227 comprises a pressed glass reflector having a base portion 229 and a paraboloid 230 extending to an edge 231 of the reflector. (FIG. 1) A cover consisting of a pressed glass lens 233 is hermetically sealed to the edge 231 of the reflector. The paraboloid 230 has an optical axis 234 with a focus 235 on the optical axis and a reflective coating 237 , for example of aluminum, which forms the reflective surface. Other materials suitable for reflective coatings include silver and multilayer dichroic coatings. The base part of the reflector comprises a sleeve 239 through which theconductive supports 240, 241 extend in an airtight manner. The electrically conductive supports are connected to the feed-in means 40, 50 of thedischarge vessel 3, respectively. Thedischarge tube 3 is arranged across the optical axis 234 . The conductive support also supports a light transmissive sleeve 243 surrounding thedischarge vessel 3 . Since the lamp housing 227 is filled with gas, without an appropriately sized sleeve, convection will be maintained during operation of the lamp. The light transmissive sleeve 243 provides a thermal regulation by controlling the convective cooling of thedischarge vessel 3 .

壳体250是用合成树脂材料模制而成的，它可以承受密封的反射单元和镇流器所达到的工作温度。合适的材料包括PBT，聚碳酸酯，polyethermide，polysulphine，以及polyphenylsulphine。壳体的边缘部分251夹持住密封反射单元的边缘231的外表面，并且提供了一个肩部，用来将灯200固定在标准的PAR灯具中。环形的肩部253为反射体上相应的法兰245提供了一个支座。由边缘251来固定密封的反射单元，用一个轴向的弹性接头顶住肩部253。在壳体的边缘部分对面有一个用来接受带螺纹的座275的基座部分。带螺纹的座与镇流器300的输入引线310，311形成无焊连接。壳体还包括另一个肩部255，用来支撑镇流器的电路板320。肩部255上包括通过电路板的各个孔延伸的接头(未示出)。利用塑料焊接等方式使电路板压住接头的端部，将电路板保持在肩部上。The housing 250 is molded from a synthetic resin material that can withstand the operating temperatures to which the sealed reflective unit and ballast will reach. Suitable materials include PBT, polycarbonate, polyethermide, polysulphine, and polyphenylsulphine. The edge portion 251 of the housing grips the outer surface of the edge 231 of the sealed reflective unit and provides a shoulder for securing the lamp 200 in a standard PAR fixture. The annular shoulder 253 provides a seat for a corresponding flange 245 on the reflector. The sealed reflector unit is secured by the lip 251, with an axial elastic joint bearing against the shoulder 253. Opposite the edge portion of the housing there is a base portion for receiving a threaded seat 275 . The threaded sockets form a solderless connection with the input leads 310 , 311 of the ballast 300 . The housing also includes another shoulder 255 for supporting the circuit board 320 of the ballast. Shoulders 255 include tabs (not shown) thereon that extend through respective holes in the circuit board. Hold the board on the shoulders by pressing the board against the end of the connector using, for example, plastic soldering.

套管243和/或透镜225的结构可以遮住放电管3发出的UV光。采用UV遮光玻璃，例如掺入铈或钛的玻璃，或是二向色性涂层一类的UV滤光片就可以获得这种UV遮挡功能。这种UV遮光玻璃和滤光片在现有技术中是公知的。在放电管3的壁上也可以采用这种滤光片。The structure of the sleeve 243 and/or the lens 225 can shield the UV light emitted by thedischarge tube 3 . This UV blocking function can be obtained by using UV blocking glass, such as glass doped with cerium or titanium, or UV filters such as dichroic coatings. Such UV blocking glasses and filters are well known in the prior art. Such filters can also be used on the wall of thedischarge vessel 3 .

另外，放电装置发出的光的颜色可以通过陶瓷放电管3，套管243，或是透镜225的彩色修正材料来改变，或是用这些元件上的彩色修正滤光片来改变，例如使用二向色性的滤光片。In addition, the color of the light emitted by the discharge device can be changed by theceramic discharge tube 3, the sleeve pipe 243, or the color correction material of the lens 225, or by the color correction filter on these elements, such as using a dichroic Chromatic filters.

在图2中更详细地表示了放电管3(不是真实的比例)。放电管3是用陶瓷制成的，也就是具有陶瓷的壁。放电管的中心区是由圆筒形的壁311构成的，其内径为“ID”，各端由端壁部分32a，32b封闭，各个端壁部分32a，32b构成了放电空间11的端面33a，33b。端壁部分各自具有一个开口，在开口中用烧结的接头S以气密的方式将陶瓷封闭插头34，35固定在端壁部分32a，32b中。陶瓷封闭插头34，35限定了放电管上相对的端区，并且在长度L以外变窄，分别容纳具有端头4b，5b的一个相应电极4，5的引线40，41；50，51。利用一个釉面的陶瓷接头10从背对放电空间的一侧以气密的方式将引线连接到封闭插头34，35上。In Fig. 2 thedischarge vessel 3 is shown in more detail (not to true scale). Thedischarge vessel 3 is made of ceramic, ie has ceramic walls. The central region of the discharge vessel is formed by acylindrical wall 311 with an inner diameter "ID" closed at each end by end wall portions 32a, 32b, each end wall portion 32a, 32b constituting an end face 33a of the discharge space 11, 33b. The end wall parts each have an opening in which the ceramic closure plugs 34 , 35 are fixed in the end wall parts 32 a , 32 b in a gas-tight manner by means of sintered joints S . Ceramic closure plugs 34, 35 delimit opposite end regions on the discharge vessel and narrow beyond a length L to accommodatelead wires 40, 41; 50, 51 of arespective electrode 4, 5 with ends 4b, 5b, respectively. The leads are connected in a gas-tight manner to the closure plugs 34 , 35 by means of a glazed ceramic connection 10 from the side facing away from the discharge space.

电极端头4b，5b间的相互距离是“EA”。引线上各自包括例如由MoAl₂O₃合金陶瓷制成的高强度耐卤化物部分41，51，以及借助于釉面陶瓷接头10以气密的方式固定在相应封闭插头34，35上的部件40，50。釉面陶瓷接头延伸到大约4mm的一段距离。部件40，50是用金属制成的，其膨胀系数与封闭插头非常相配。例如，Nb(铌)是一种非常合适的材料。采用这种引线结构的灯可以在任何所需的位置使用。The mutual distance between the electrode tips 4b, 5b is "EA". The leads each comprise a high-strength halide-resistant part 41 , 51 , for example made of MoAl₂ O₃ alloy ceramics, and apart 40 fixed in an airtight manner on the respective closure plug 34 , 35 by means of a glazed ceramic joint 10 , 50. The glazed ceramic joint extends to a distance of approximately 4mm.Parts 40, 50 are made of metal whose coefficient of expansion is well matched to the closure plug. For example, Nb (niobium) is a very suitable material. Lamps with this lead structure can be used in any desired position.

每个电极4，5包括一个电极棒4a，5a，棒上靠近端头4b，5b的位置设有绕组4c，5c。电极端头靠着端壁部分的端面33a，33b。放电装置的进一步的说明及其封闭插头的结构可以参见美国专利US5442609号。Eachelectrode 4, 5 comprises an electrode rod 4a, 5a, on which a winding 4c, 5c is provided near the end 4b, 5b. The electrode tips abut against the end faces 33a, 33b of the end wall portions. A further description of the discharge device and the structure of its closing plug can be found in US Pat. No. 5,442,609.

由一定长度的导线构成的辅助起动装置260被固定在放电装置3上，其一端261连接到引线40。另一端262是围绕着对面的封闭插头结构而延伸的一个环。在环的区域内，封闭插头结构有一个处在部分51和封闭插头35的内壁之间的间隙，在此间隙中装有起动和缓冲气体。如果在引线40，50之间提供点火脉冲，起动脉冲的前沿就会使环262的区域内的起动和缓冲气体发生电离。这种电离作用会产生自由电子和UV(紫外)光，它进一步产生电子，从而降低起动时所需的电压。An auxiliary starting device 260 consisting of a wire of a certain length is fixed on thedischarge device 3 , and one end 261 thereof is connected to thelead wire 40 . The other end 262 is a ring extending around the opposing closed plug structure. In the area of the ring, the closure plug structure has a gap between the part 51 and the inner wall of the closure plug 35, in which gap a priming and buffer gas is contained. If an ignition pulse is provided between theleads 40,50, the leading edge of the starting pulse will ionize the starting and buffer gases in the region of the ring 262. This ionization generates free electrons and UV (ultraviolet) light, which further generates electrons, reducing the voltage required for starting.

声频谐振防护Audio resonance protection

本发明的整体HID反射灯的一个重要特征是对放电管进行选择，使其最低声频谐振频率(对灯的电流而言)出现在明显高于19KHz左右声频的频率上。这样就提供了较大的频率窗口，使镇流器能够在声频范围以上工作，不会导致电弧的闪烁或产生引起放电管3熄灭甚至损坏的电弧偏移。An important feature of the integral HID reflector lamp of the present invention is that the discharge tube is chosen such that its lowest audible resonant frequency (with respect to the lamp current) occurs at a frequency significantly higher than the audible frequency around 19KHz. This provides a larger frequency window, so that the ballast can work above the audio frequency range without causing flickering of the arc or arc deviation that causes thedischarge tube 3 to go out or even be damaged.

在一个优选实施例中，按照图1的灯是作为一种改型的灯而制造的，用来替代PAR38灯，例如用于大商场开放区域等公共场所照明的高帽(high hat)灯具中的灯。放电装置的额定功率是20W。放电管是用多晶氧化铝制成的，其内径ID是3.0mm，电极端头之间的间隙“EA”是2.0mm。封闭插头34，35被烧结在端壁部分32a，32b中，基本上与端壁部分形成的端面33a，33b齐平。电极上具有一个钨棒4a，5a，在其端头4b，5b上设有钨丝绕组4c，5c。各个电极端头与相邻端面之间的距离大约是0.5mm。在本优选实施例中，ID在端面33a，33b之间的整个“L”的3.0mm距离上保持不变。In a preferred embodiment, the lamp according to Figure 1 is manufactured as a retrofit lamp to replace the PAR38 lamp, for example in high hat lamps for lighting public places such as open areas of large shopping malls lights. The rated power of the discharge device is 20W. The discharge vessel was made of polycrystalline alumina, its inner diameter ID was 3.0mm, and the gap "EA" between the electrode tips was 2.0mm. The closure plugs 34, 35 are sintered into the end wall sections 32a, 32b substantially flush with the end faces 33a, 33b formed by the end wall sections. On the electrodes there is a tungsten rod 4a, 5a, on whose ends 4b, 5b are provided tungsten wire windings 4c, 5c. The distance between each electrode tip and the adjacent end face is about 0.5mm. In the preferred embodiment, the ID remains constant over a distance of 3.0 mm across the entire "L" between end faces 33a, 33b.

放电管中填充2.3mg的Hg和3.5mg的NaI，DyI₃以及TlI其克分子比为90∶1.4∶8.6。放电管中还包含作为起动和缓冲气体的Ar(氩)。密封的反射罩227内的填充气体具有75％的氪，其余是N₂，压力是400Torr。套管243的壁厚是1mm，与放电管3的壁31的间隙是2mm。在本实施例中用汞作为缓冲剂，以便使电弧电压稳定在一定水平上，使它能作为已知的白炽反射灯的更新产品。也可以使用锌和氙等其他缓冲剂。The discharge tube is filled with 2.3 mg of Hg and 3.5 mg of NaI, and the molar ratio of DyI₃ and TlI is 90:1.4:8.6. The discharge vessel also contains Ar (argon) as a starting and buffer gas. The filling gas inside the sealed reflector 227 has 75% krypton, the balance is_N2 , and the pressure is 400 Torr. The wall thickness of the sleeve 243 is 1 mm, and the gap with the wall 31 of thedischarge vessel 3 is 2 mm. Mercury is used as a buffer in this embodiment in order to stabilize the arc voltage at a level which makes it possible as a replacement for known incandescent reflector lamps. Other buffers such as zinc and xenon can also be used.

在灯的额定工作条件下，这种放电管的最低谐振频率在30KHz以上(对灯的电流而言)。此处存在着两组声频谐振，首先是在放电管的长度(轴向)方向上，其次是水平/径向的谐振。理想的情况是使各组的最低谐振频率基本上相同，因为镇流器操作窗口的上限是由最低的谐振频率来确定的。纵向的基波频率是由fl0＝C/(2^*L)确定的，而水平/径向的基波频率是由far0＝1.84^*C/(π^*ID)决定的，如图2所示，其中的“L”和“ID”是放电空间的长度和内径，而“C”是声音的速度。然而，声音的速度取决于放电空间中气体的温度梯度，并且发现它在纵向和水平/径向方向上是不同的。本发明人根据试验发现，对于具有上述填充物的放电管来说，纵向谐振的声速大约是420m/s，而在水平/径向方向上大约是400m/s。对于上述特定的3mm×3mm L∶ID的放电管来说，fl0≈70KHz，far0≈80KHz(对功率频率而言)。它们分别对应35和40KHz的电流频率，并且可以被认为是足够接近且基本上相同。然而，为了使其更加接近，直径ID可以做得稍大于长度L，这样能降低水平/径向的基波频率，使其接近纵向的基波共振频率。因此，在本发明灯中，放电管的尺寸L和ID最好是能够满足L≤ID≤1.2L的关系。Under the rated operating conditions of the lamp, the lowest resonance frequency of this discharge tube is above 30KHz (for the current of the lamp). There are two sets of acoustic resonances here, first in the length (axial) direction of the discharge tube and second in the horizontal/radial resonance. Ideally, the lowest resonant frequency of each group is substantially the same, since the upper limit of the ballast operating window is determined by the lowest resonant frequency. The longitudinal fundamental frequency is determined by fl0=C/(2^* L), while the horizontal/radial fundamental frequency is determined by far0=1.84^* C/(π^* ID), as shown in Figure 2. Among them, "L" and "ID" are the length and inner diameter of the discharge space, and "C" is the speed of sound. However, the speed of sound depends on the temperature gradient of the gas in the discharge space, and it was found to be different in the longitudinal and horizontal/radial directions. The present inventors have found experimentally that for the discharge tube with the above-mentioned filling, the sound velocity of the longitudinal resonance is about 420 m/s, while that in the horizontal/radial direction is about 400 m/s. For the above-mentioned specific 3mm×3mm L:ID discharge tube, fl0≈70KHz, far0≈80KHz (for power frequency). They correspond to current frequencies of 35 and 40KHz respectively and can be considered close enough and essentially the same. However, to make it closer, the diameter ID can be made slightly larger than the length L, which lowers the horizontal/radial fundamental frequency and makes it closer to the longitudinal fundamental resonant frequency. Therefore, in the lamp of the present invention, it is preferable that the dimensions L and ID of the discharge tube satisfy the relationship of L≤ID≤1.2L.

另外还需要注意，电极的插入深度对最低声频谐振率的影响很小，插入的深度仅是第二到第三数量级的影响。In addition, it should be noted that the insertion depth of the electrode has little effect on the lowest acoustic resonance rate, and the insertion depth is only the second to third order of magnitude.

由于在放电管3的最低共振频率与19KHz声频之间存在较大的频率窗口，镇流器在灯的工作期间可以有恒定的频率，这样就能大大简化其结构和成本。根据以下对上述放电装置的进一步说明，灯电流的基波工作频率被选择在24KHz的额定值。这样就为放电装置的30KHz最低谐振频率提供了大约5KHz的净空。另一方面还涉及到对基波频率的高次谐波幅值进行控制，以防止这些高次谐波产生声频谐振。在以下对镇流器的说明中会讨论这一问题。Due to the large frequency window between the lowest resonant frequency of thedischarge tube 3 and the 19KHz audio frequency, the ballast can have a constant frequency during lamp operation, which greatly simplifies its structure and cost. According to the further description of the above-mentioned discharge device below, the fundamental operating frequency of the lamp current is selected at a nominal value of 24KHz. This provides approximately 5KHz headroom for the 30KHz lowest resonant frequency of the discharge device. Another aspect also involves controlling the amplitude of the higher harmonics of the fundamental frequency to prevent these higher harmonics from generating acoustic resonances. This is discussed in the following description of the ballast.

镇流器Ballast

图3表示用来使图1的灯工作的一个高频灯镇流器的框图。镇流器的输入端I₁，I₂通过输入引线310，311连接到整流电路110，向DC-AC逆变器120提供一个DC输入。谐振输出电路130通过导电支撑体240，241连接到图1的放电管3，并且连接到DC-AC逆变器。控制电路140控制逆变器120使灯点火，并且在点火之后使灯工作在基本上恒定的灯电流频率，该频率高于19KHz，而低于灯的最低谐振频率。镇流器包括一个软起动电路，用于产生逐渐增加的点火电压。一个低压电源(未示出)在逆变器开始振荡之前的电路起动阶段和逆变器振荡期间提供控制电路的操作电源。一个停止电路150在检测到放电管3熄灭时，关断逆变器级，并且重新提供为放电管3点火的起动脉冲。提供的点火脉冲的额定时间是50ms，额定的脉冲重复频率是400ms。FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of a high frequency lamp ballast for operating the lamp of FIG. 1. FIG. The input terminals I₁ , I₂ of the ballast are connected to therectification circuit 110 through input leads 310 , 311 to provide a DC input to the DC-AC inverter 120 . Theresonant output circuit 130 is connected to thedischarge tube 3 of Fig. 1 throughconductive supports 240, 241, and to the DC-AC inverter. Thecontrol circuit 140 controls theinverter 120 to ignite the lamp and, after ignition, to operate the lamp at a substantially constant lamp current frequency, which is higher than 19 KHz and lower than the lowest resonant frequency of the lamp. The ballast includes a soft-start circuit to generate a gradually increasing ignition voltage. A low voltage power supply (not shown) provides operating power for the control circuit during the circuit start-up phase before the inverter begins to oscillate and during inverter oscillation. Astop circuit 150 shuts down the inverter stage and re-provides the starting pulse for igniting thedischarge tube 3 when it detects that thedischarge tube 3 is extinguished. The nominal duration of the ignition pulse provided is 50ms, and the nominal pulse repetition frequency is 400ms.

逆变器120最好是采用把MOSFET开关接成推拉式输出的半桥式的逆变器。从半桥式逆变器的两个中点上引出的半桥式逆变器的输出是一种高频的基本上是方波的信号。Theinverter 120 is preferably a half-bridge inverter with MOSFET switches connected as a push-pull output. The output of the half-bridge inverter drawn from the two midpoints of the half-bridge inverter is a high-frequency, substantially square-wave signal.

共振输出电路130是一种LC-网络，并且包括一个电感器的初级线圈，电感器与起动电容串联连接在中点之间。共振电路被调谐在工作频率的三次谐波上。放电管3与起动电容并联地电连接。LC-网络具有波形整形和限流功能，并以出现在半桥式逆变器各中点的高频方波输出向放电管3提供灯电流。Theresonant output circuit 130 is an LC-network and comprises a primary coil of an inductor connected in series with the starting capacitor between midpoints. The resonant circuit is tuned at the third harmonic of the operating frequency. Thedischarge tube 3 is electrically connected in parallel with the starting capacitor. The LC-network has the functions of waveform shaping and current limiting, and supplies the lamp current to thedischarge tube 3 with a high-frequency square wave output appearing at each midpoint of the half-bridge inverter.

控制电路140控制着MOSFET开关的开关频率和脉冲宽度，在灯被点火之后用基本上不变的频率向放电管3提供灯的电流。Thecontrol circuit 140 controls the switching frequency and pulse width of the MOSFET switch, and supplies the lamp current to thedischarge tube 3 with a substantially constant frequency after the lamp is ignited.

镇流器在接通期间产生大约28KHz的初始频率。这样就能有效地使已经调谐到24KHz额定操作频率的三次谐波(大约72KHz)的谐振输出电路130的LC-网络失调。这样，MOSFET开关就可以在非谐振状态下接通，而通过这些开关的电流要比谐振状态下的电流小得多。经过大约10ms之后，逆变器的频率被移到24KHz的设计范围，使放电管3点火。The ballast produces an initial frequency of approximately 28KHz during switch-on. This effectively detunes the LC-network of theresonant output circuit 130 which has been tuned to the third harmonic (approximately 72 KHz) of the nominal operating frequency of 24 KHz. In this way, the MOSFET switches can be turned on in the non-resonant state, while the current through these switches is much smaller than the current in the resonant state. After about 10ms, the frequency of the inverter is moved to the design range of 24KHz, so that thedischarge tube 3 is ignited.

停止电路150提供50ms的脉冲点火电压。该停止电路包括一个开关Q1，当开关Q1导通时，就把控制电路的低压电源去掉了。开关Q1主要是由出现在电感的二次线圈上的过电压来控制的。在产生点火脉冲的过程中，如果放电装置没有点火，或是如果放电管在逆变器振荡期间熄灭，就可能出现这种过电压。二次线圈两端的过电压会使开关Q1导通。Stop circuit 150 provides a 50 ms pulsed firing voltage. The stop circuit includes a switch Q1 which, when turned on, removes the low voltage supply to the control circuit. Switch Q1 is primarily controlled by the overvoltage appearing on the secondary winding of the inductor. Such overvoltages can occur if the discharge device does not ignite during the generation of the ignition pulse, or if the discharge tube goes out during the oscillation of the inverter. The overvoltage across the secondary coil will turn on the switch Q1.

灯的效率：光度学参数Lamp Efficiency: Photometric Parameters

上述的PAR38实施例具有22W的系统功率，灯消耗大约20W，镇流器的损耗大约是2W。表1比较了这种灯(INV.)和市场上的90W卤化物PAR38以及具有卤化物IR燃烧器的60WPAR38的光度学和色度学参数。此外还表示了两种已知的吹制玻璃反射器或是“R”灯，一种是85WVR40，另一种是120W VR40。按照本发明的上述各灯的数据是根据一组20个采样获得的。各种样品灯发出的光具有3000K的相关色温度(CCT)和＞85的现色性指数(CRI)。灯的发光效率是60LPW。与具有卤化物IR燃烧器的60W PAR38灯相比，发光效率提高了233％，比90W卤化物PAR38灯提高了314％。另外，放电装置的预期寿命大约是10,000小时，这是已知的60W卤化物IR和90W卤化物PAR38灯的3到4倍。The PAR38 embodiment described above has a system power of 22W, the lamp consumes approximately 20W, and the ballast dissipates approximately 2W. Table 1 compares the photometric and colorimetric parameters of this lamp (INV.) with the 90W halide PAR38 on the market and the 60W PAR38 with halide IR burner. Also shown are two known blown glass reflector or "R" lamps, an 85W VR40 and a 120W VR40. The data for each of the lamps described above according to the present invention was obtained from a set of 20 samples. The light emitted by various sample lamps has a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 3000K and a color rendering index (CRI) of >85. The luminous efficiency of the lamp is 60LPW. Luminous efficiency is increased by 233% compared to 60W PAR38 lamps with halide IR burners, and 314% higher than 90W halide PAR38 lamps. In addition, the life expectancy of the discharge device is about 10,000 hours, which is 3 to 4 times that of the known 60W halide IR and 90W halide PAR38 lamps.

                                  表1    灯   功率(W)   流明  效率(LPW)   扩展(泛光)度   CCTK    CRI    INV.    22   1320   60    28  3000    85-87    90W    90   1280   14.5    28  2900    100    60W IR    60   1100   18    29  2800    95    85W VR40    85   925   10.9    120W VR40    120   1150   9.6Table 1 lamp Power (W) lumen Efficiency (LPW) Expansion (flood) degree CCTK CRI INV. twenty two 1320 60 28 3000 85-8790W 90 1280 14.5 28 2900 10060W IR 60 1100 18 29 2800 95 85W VR40 85 925 10.9120W VR40 120 1150 9.6

很明显，这种整体灯的寿命和发光效率都明显地超过了市场上的卤化物和卤化物IR PAR灯以及吹制玻璃反射器的白炽灯。另外，通过用已知的金属卤化物工艺改变放电装置的填充成分，灯的设计者在控制光度学参数的问题上比采用白炽灯丝发光的灯具有更大的控制能力，特别是对于相关色温的控制问题。It is evident that the overall lamp life and luminous efficacy significantly exceed that of halide and halide IR PAR lamps and incandescent lamps with blown glass reflectors on the market. In addition, by varying the fill composition of the discharge device using the known metal halide process, the lamp designer has greater control over the issue of photometric parameters than lamps that emit light from incandescent filaments, especially with regard to correlated color temperature. control issues.

采用具有陶瓷壁的金属卤化物放电装置和低功率的一个显著的优点在于(a)相对于燃烧位置和(b)灯与灯之间的明显的色度学的一致性。这种一致性可以认为是由于物理尺寸较小而获得的，在工作期间，小的尺寸可以在灯的填充物中形成更均匀的温度特性，并且在高速的制造过程中可以保持陶瓷材料的严格尺寸控制，这样就能获得灯与灯之间的一致性。经研究发现，陶瓷放电管的尺寸可以保持在1％以内(六个西格马)，而普通石英电弧管工艺的尺寸仅能控制在10％左右。A significant advantage of using a metal halide discharge device with ceramic walls and low power is the apparent colorimetric uniformity (a) relative to the burning position and (b) lamp to lamp. This consistency can be thought to be achieved due to the smaller physical size, which allows for a more uniform temperature profile in the lamp fill during operation and maintains the rigidity of the ceramic material during high-speed manufacturing processes. Dimensional control so that you can get consistency from lamp to lamp. It is found through research that the size of the ceramic discharge tube can be kept within 1% (six sigma), while the size of the common quartz arc tube process can only be controlled at about 10%.

图4(A)和4(B)分别是典型的低功率陶瓷金属卤化物(CDM)灯和典型的石英金属卤化物灯的CCT和CRI曲线，用燃烧位置的函数来表示，而燃烧位置是用偏离垂直的灯座朝上(VBU)燃烧位置的角度来表示的。从CCT来看，在偏离VBU0-90度的范围内，石英灯的变化大约是600K，而CDM灯的变化仅有75K。同样，对CRI来说，当石英金属卤化物灯出现10CRI左右的变化时，CDM灯的变化仅有2.5CRI。Figures 4(A) and 4(B) show the CCT and CRI curves of a typical low power ceramic metal halide (CDM) lamp and a typical quartz metal halide lamp, respectively, as a function of burning position, which is Expressed in angles from the vertical base-up (VBU) burning position. From the perspective of CCT, in the range of 0-90 degrees from VBU, the change of quartz lamp is about 600K, while the change of CDM lamp is only 75K. Similarly, for CRI, when the quartz metal halide lamp has a change of about 10CRI, the change of the CDM lamp is only 2.5CRI.

另外，对于灯与灯之间的色稳定性来说，用陶瓷放电管的低功率金属卤化物通常具有30K的色温度标准偏差。对于用石英电弧管的低功率金属卤化物灯来说，标准的偏差高达150-300K。很窄的色温分散性是重要的，因为它可以使具有陶瓷金属卤化物放电装置的整体灯成为可接受的灯以替代用于室内和商店照明的卤化物PAR灯。事实上，如果使用许多具有陶瓷放电装置的反射灯，例如把它们装在天花板中，它们看起来是基本上一致的，不象石英金属卤化物灯那样人们可以看出灯与灯之间的明显差别。In addition, low power metal halides with ceramic discharge tubes typically have a color temperature standard deviation of 30K for lamp-to-lamp color stability. For low power metal halide lamps with quartz arc tubes, the standard deviation is as high as 150-300K. The very narrow color temperature dispersion is important because it can make integral lamps with ceramic metal halide discharge devices acceptable lamps to replace halide PAR lamps for indoor and shop lighting. In fact, if many reflector lamps with ceramic discharge devices are used, for example, if they are installed in the ceiling, they appear to be basically identical, unlike quartz metal halide lamps where one can see a clear gap between lamps. difference.

按照本发明的整体灯的一个重要方面在于实现了对整体外形的改进，使其完全能适合于相应类型灯的外形之内；本实施例表示了装入ANSI规格的PAR38灯的情况。这样的整体PAR38 HID灯可以更新装入为普通PAR38灯设计的所有灯具中。图5表示了叠加在ANSI规格外形的PAR38灯上的图1的灯的外形。其尺寸(mm)为：P1＝135；P2＝135；P3＝28.2；P4＝40.4；P5＝26.8；P6＝48.8；P7＝540。An important aspect of the integral lamp according to the invention is the improvement of the overall shape achieved, making it fully adaptable within the shape of the corresponding type of lamp; this example shows the case of incorporating a PAR38 lamp of ANSI specification. Such integral PAR38 HID lamps can be retrofitted into all luminaires designed for common PAR38 lamps. Figure 5 shows the shape of the lamp of Figure 1 superimposed on a PAR38 lamp of the ANSI specification shape. Its dimensions (mm) are: P1=135; P2=135; P3=28.2; P4=40.4; P5=26.8; P6=48.8; P7=540.

有几种特征使这样的封装变得容易。首先是采用了总长度很小的小型HID光源。20W电弧管的全长是22mm。这样小的全长允许将电弧管在反射体内部相对于光轴横向地定位，将反射体套在符合ANSI规格之内具有最大边缘尺寸的外壳内。在这种PAR 38实施例中，密封的反射罩227是一个PAR36灯罩，从边缘231上测量的的内侧直径是96mm。外侧直径大约是110mm。这种横向安装方式还允许使用轴向较薄的反射体，为镇流器留有足够的空间。Several features facilitate such encapsulation. The first is to use a small HID light source with a small overall length. The overall length of the 20W arc tube is 22mm. Such a small overall length allows the arc tube to be positioned laterally relative to the optical axis within the reflector housing the reflector within an enclosure having maximum edge dimensions within compliance with ANSI specifications. In this PAR 38 embodiment, the sealed reflector 227 is a PAR 36 lampshade having an inside diameter of 96mm as measured from the edge 231. The outside diameter is approximately 110mm. This transverse mounting also allows the use of axially thinner reflectors, leaving enough room for the ballast.

使用后壁比较厚的压制玻璃反射体结合着设在后壁上的反射涂层可以获得有效的绝热性能，防止放电装置辐射的能量造成镇流器过热。在这种情况下，反射体基座部分的最小厚度是3mm。电路板的外边缘被紧密地固定在肩部255上，这样就能有效地延缓从靠近反射器的较热的第一舱室“A”到处于电路板和灯座之间的第二舱室“B”的空气循环，从而提供额外的热保护。在灯座朝上的操作状态下从灯罩内部测得的温度是足够低的，可以保证电路的寿命达到放电管3的水平。一般来说，电路的最高温度应该低于100℃。在上述的灯中，从电路板320的反射器一侧测得的温度是83℃，而镇流器元件一侧的温度是75℃。在电路板与镇流器一侧的灯罩之间的舱室B中，空气的温度是74℃。电路元件的最高温度是81℃。The use of pressed glass reflectors with a relatively thick rear wall in combination with a reflective coating on the rear wall provides effective thermal insulation against overheating of the ballast due to the energy radiated by the discharge device. In this case, the minimum thickness of the base part of the reflector is 3mm. The outer edge of the circuit board is tightly fixed on the shoulder 255, which effectively delays the passage from the hotter first compartment "A" near the reflector to the second compartment "B" between the circuit board and the lamp socket. ” air circulation for additional thermal protection. The temperature measured from the inside of the lampshade in the operating state with the lamp base facing upwards is low enough to ensure that the lifetime of the circuit reaches the level of thedischarge tube 3 . Generally speaking, the maximum temperature of the circuit should be lower than 100°C. In the lamp described above, the temperature measured from the reflector side of the circuit board 320 was 83°C, while the temperature on the ballast element side was 75°C. In compartment B between the circuit board and the lamp housing on the side of the ballast, the temperature of the air is 74°C. The maximum temperature of the circuit components is 81°C.

在充气的厚壁压制玻璃罩内部并且被套管围住的放电管3的热调节作用可以有助于对光度学参数进行控制，允许灯在较宽的环境条件范围内工作，而不会有明显的光度学参数的变化。The thermal regulation of thedischarge vessel 3 inside the gas-filled thick-walled pressed glass envelope and surrounded by the sleeve can facilitate the control of the photometric parameters, allowing the lamp to operate in a wide range of environmental conditions without significant damage. changes in photometric parameters.

放电管的小物理尺寸以及1∶1等级的L∶ID尺寸对有效地缩小镇流器的尺寸来说也很重要。对放电管的电流来说，其最低声频共振频率大约是30KHz，这样就有足够的窗口可以使镇流器工作在19KHz以上，并且在灯的工作期间保持镇流器的频率不变。高频工作的重要性在于能够缩小镇流器电感元件的物理尺寸。工作在固定的频率上可以简化镇流逆变器的控制，从而缩小其尺寸(及其成本)。The small physical size of the discharge tube and the L:ID dimensions of the 1:1 scale are also important to efficiently downsize the ballast. For the current of the discharge tube, the lowest acoustic resonance frequency is about 30KHz, so there is enough window to make the ballast operate above 19KHz and keep the ballast frequency constant during lamp operation. The importance of high frequency operation lies in the ability to reduce the physical size of the ballast's inductive components. Working at a fixed frequency simplifies the control of the ballast inverter, thereby reducing its size (and thus its cost).

在图1中，放电管3设在一个充气的灯罩227内，灯罩与盖233密封在一起，放电管被石英玻璃套管围住，并用连接到引线240，241的连接条支撑着。In FIG. 1, thedischarge vessel 3 is housed in a gas-filled lampshade 227, which is sealed with a cover 233, surrounded by a quartz glass sleeve and supported by connecting bars connected to the leads 240,241.

对灯罩227进行密封的主要理由是防止引线40，50和240，241发生氧化。如果引线上具有防氧化的保护涂层，也可以采用环氧树脂密封等不那么严密的气密密封方式代替边缘231上的玻璃焊接密封。The main reason for sealing the lamp housing 227 is to prevent oxidation of theleads 40,50 and 240,241. If there is an anti-oxidation protective coating on the leads, a less strict airtight sealing method such as epoxy resin sealing can also be used to replace the glass welding seal on the edge 231 .

另外，通过足够的热量控制，固定在灯的相应外形之内的HID反射灯也可以用除玻璃之外的其他反射体构成，例如一种具有反射涂层的高温塑料，例如在高温塑料上沉积铝或是银，或者是采用聚酯薄膜片。反射体/表面可以作为外壳的整体部分而构成。In addition, with sufficient thermal control, HID reflector lamps fixed within the corresponding shape of the lamp can also be constructed with other reflectors than glass, such as a high-temperature plastic with a reflective coating, such as deposited on high-temperature plastic Aluminum or silver, or a mylar sheet. The reflector/surface may be formed as an integral part of the housing.

图6(A)表示多个(图中是两个)放电管3(a)，3(b)以串联方式电连接在如图1所示的反射体内部的安装结构。与图1中对应的元件采用了相同的标号。放电管3(a)的一端40(a)固定在引线240上，而放电管3(b)的一端50(b)连接到另一条引线241。串联连接是通过架在放电管3(a)，3(b)的引线50(a)和40(b)上的导电元件403完成的。元件401，402是不导电的，用来提供附加的机械支撑。为了简化而没有表示出点火辅助装置260。当两个放电管同时工作时，灯提供大约二倍的光输出。各个放电管的最低谐振频率是30KHz左右，而镇流器提供额定频率为24KHz的灯电流，因此不会产生声频谐振。值得注意的是，单个放电管的额定功率是40W，相当于两个20W的放电管，而它的最低灯谐振频率更加接近19KHz或是低于19KHz，明显地低于每个20W的两个放电管的谐振频率。因此，如果使用两个放电管，就能在19KHz以上保留很大的无谐振操作窗口，同时仍保持比较大功率的灯以获得更大的光输出。尽管在图中仅仅表示了两个放电管，使两个以上的放电管同时工作也是可能的，只需要对电路进行适当的修改，以便为灯提供准确的点火和操作电压。为了改善点火特性，在灯内也可以安装其他点火辅助装置，例如公知的UV增强器。FIG. 6(A) shows a mounting structure in which a plurality (two in the figure) of discharge tubes 3(a), 3(b) are electrically connected in series inside the reflector shown in FIG. 1 . Components corresponding to those in FIG. 1 have been given the same reference numerals. One end 40(a) of the discharge tube 3(a) is fixed to alead wire 240, while one end 50(b) of the discharge tube 3(b) is connected to theother lead wire 241. The series connection is made viaconductive elements 403 straddling the leads 50(a) and 40(b) of the discharge vessels 3(a), 3(b).Elements 401, 402 are non-conductive and are used to provide additional mechanical support. Ignition aid 260 is not shown for simplicity. When both discharge tubes are operated simultaneously, the lamp provides approximately twice the light output. The lowest resonant frequency of each discharge tube is around 30KHz, and the ballast supplies the lamp current with a rated frequency of 24KHz, so no audible resonance occurs. It is worth noting that the rated power of a single discharge tube is 40W, which is equivalent to two 20W discharge tubes, and its lowest lamp resonance frequency is closer to 19KHz or lower than 19KHz, which is significantly lower than the two discharge tubes of each 20W The resonant frequency of the tube. Thus, if two discharge tubes are used, a large resonance-free operating window above 19KHz can be preserved while still maintaining a relatively high powered lamp for greater light output. Although only two discharge vessels are shown in the figure, it is possible to operate more than two discharge vessels simultaneously, requiring only appropriate modifications to the circuit to provide the correct ignition and operating voltages for the lamp. In order to improve the ignition characteristics, other ignition aids, such as known UV enhancers, can also be installed in the lamp.

图6(B)表示以并联方式电连接的一对放电管3(a)，3(b)的安装结构。在这种情况下，引线240，241上有各自的导电的十字形的棒240(a)，241(b)电连接到各自的一个引线40(a)，40(b)；50(a)，50(b)，并且对放电管3(a)，3(b)起到机械支撑作用。这种并联结构可以使灯的寿命有效地加倍，这是因为放电管之间的阻抗稍有差别，因此仅有一个放电管能够点火和发光。当一个放电管的寿命结束时，另一个放电管就可以接替。这样还能提供瞬间的再触发功能。例如，如果正在工作的放电管由于电源中断而熄灭，由于温度比较高，其阻抗可能很大，因而不能点火。然而，原来没有工作的另一个放电管的温度要低得多，因此比较容易点火。Fig. 6(B) shows a mounting structure of a pair of discharge tubes 3(a), 3(b) electrically connected in parallel. In this case, theleads 240, 241 have respective conductive cross-shaped bars 240(a), 241(b) electrically connected to a respective one of the leads 40(a), 40(b); 50(a) , 50(b), and provide mechanical support for the discharge tubes 3(a), 3(b). This parallel configuration effectively doubles the life of the lamp because only one of the discharge tubes is able to ignite and emit light due to the slight difference in impedance between the discharge tubes. When the life of one discharge tube ends, another discharge tube can take over. This also provides an instantaneous retrigger function. For example, if a working discharge tube goes out due to a power outage, due to the relatively high temperature, its impedance may be too high and it will not ignite. However, the other discharge tube, which was originally not working, was much cooler and therefore easier to ignite.

DC操作的优点在于完全避免了声频谐振，并且很简单。然而，其缺点是，随着操作位置的变化以及对含盐离子的移动的敏感性，DC操作的放电装置对颜色的变化更加敏感。The advantage of DC operation is that acoustic resonances are completely avoided and it is simple. However, its disadvantage is that DC-operated discharge devices are more sensitive to color changes with changes in operating position and sensitivity to movement of salt-containing ions.

以上参照图1表示和说明的具有陶瓷放电装置的HID灯在5000小时的工作过程中具有合格的色度学和光度学输出。The HID lamp with the ceramic discharge device shown and described above with reference to Figure 1 had acceptable colorimetric and photometric output during 5000 hours of operation.

Claims (12)

1. be used for upgrading the HID reflector lamp (200) of a kind of integral body of incandescent reflector lamp, comprise a reflector (225) and a threaded seat (275), reflector lamp has predetermined profile, total light flux and luminous efficiency, and above-mentioned HID reflector lamp comprises:

A housing (250), it has the wall that contains an inner space, the annular edge of part of above-mentioned wall (251) defines the luminescence window of above-mentioned housing, an and relative base part (229), the diameter of above-mentioned housing part from above-mentioned marginal portion to said base is diminishing generally

Be fixed on the threaded seat (275) on the said base part,

With respect to a high pressure arc discharge pipe (3) of above-mentioned housing setting,

Be positioned at a reflecting surface (257) of above-mentioned enclosure interior, be used for reflecting the light that above-mentioned discharge tube (3) sends by above-mentioned luminescence window, and

Be located at a ballast (300) of above-mentioned enclosure interior, be used to encourage above-mentioned discharge tube (3) to make it luminous, above-mentioned ballast comprises input terminal that is connected to above-mentioned screw seat and the lead-out terminal that is connected to above-mentioned discharge tube,

The monnolithic case of above-mentioned whole HID reflector lamp is within the profile of corresponding reflector lamp basically, and has equal at least basically total light flux and much higher luminous efficiency than corresponding reflector lamp.

2. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of claim 1, it is characterized in that further comprising in airtight mode and hold above-mentioned discharge tube (3) and constitute the sealing cover of a pressed glass of above-mentioned reflecting surface, above-mentioned reflecting surface has been stipulated an optical axis (234), and above-mentioned electric discharge device is a horizontally set to above-mentioned optical axis.

3. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that above-mentioned housing (250) made by the synthetic resin material.

4. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of claim 1,2 or 3, it is characterized in that above-mentioned discharge tube (3) has mercury, the filler of metal halide and rare gas.

5. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of aforementioned any claim, the minimum lamp resonance power frequency that it is characterized in that above-mentioned discharge tube is greater than about 38KHz, above-mentioned ballast makes above-mentioned electric discharge device work with the harmonic wave of fundamental power frequency and above-mentioned fundamental power frequency, above-mentioned harmonic wave is higher than 38KHz and is lower than the minimum resonant power frequency of lamp, and the amplitude that is higher than the above-mentioned harmonic wave of above-mentioned minimum resonant power frequency is not enough to produce audio frequency resonance.

6. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of aforementioned any claim, it is characterized in that above-mentioned discharge tube (3) has the wall (31) of pottery.

7. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of aforementioned any claim, it is characterized in that above-mentioned discharge space has the audio frequency resonance frequency of minimum vertical audio frequency resonance frequency and minimum level/radially, the size of above-mentioned discharge space can make above-mentioned minimum vertical audio frequency resonance frequency and above-mentioned floor level/radial frequency substantially the same.

8. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of aforementioned any claim, it is characterized in that above-mentioned ballast comprises switching device, be used to provide electric current with fixed polarity by discharge tube.

9. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of aforementioned any claim, it is characterized in that comprising one by above-mentioned discharge tube (3), to have be the end wall portion (32a on plane basically, cylindrical shape central area 32b), the axial distance of above-mentioned end wall portion is L, above-mentioned central area has constant basically inner diameter, ID on whole above-mentioned distance L, and the ratio of L: ID approximately is 1: 1.

10. according to the whole HID reflector lamp of aforementioned any claim, the above-mentioned pressed glass sealing cover that it is characterized in that holding above-mentioned discharge tube and contain reflecting surface is oriented to and the light and heat that above-mentioned discharge tube produces can be reflected away from ballast.

11. whole HID reflector lamp according to aforementioned any claim, it is characterized in that above-mentioned ballast comprises the circuit board (320) with first side and second side, the circuit element of above-mentioned ballast is contained on these sides, foregoing circuit plate (320) is installed in the above-mentioned housing (250), make above-mentioned first side facing to above-mentioned reflector, and above-mentioned second side is facing to above-mentioned lamp socket, the foregoing circuit plate defines first cabin (A) between the above-mentioned reflector of above-mentioned enclosure interior and foregoing circuit plate, and between foregoing circuit plate and above-mentioned lamp socket, define second cabin (B), the foregoing circuit plate is atresia basically, and be fixed on the above-mentioned housing (250), thereby stoped interior above-mentioned first cabin of above-mentioned housing and the circulation of air between above-mentioned second cabin basically fully.

12. whole HID reflector lamp according to aforementioned any claim, it is characterized in that further comprising the starting aid of an above-mentioned electric discharge device, above-mentioned starting aid comprises an elongated electric conducting material, it extends to the zone of another above-mentioned Ampereconductors from an above-mentioned Ampereconductors, and being close to of discharge vessel wall at another above-mentioned Ampereconductors located to stop, the above-mentioned discharge vessel wall of another above-mentioned Ampereconductors is surrounded a narrow gap, has the filler of keeping above-mentioned discharge in this gap.

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