以往，在搭载于空调机的逆变器、换流器等电力转换器中，通过切换栅电阻值不同的栅电阻而与开关元件连接，使开关元件的开关速度变化。例如，在专利文献1中公开了如下的技术：在具备具有多个开关元件的逆变器主电路的逆变器控制装置中，在对开关元件的栅极驱动波形进行变更时，针对与开关元件连接的栅电阻，使用开关来切换为栅电阻值不同的栅电阻。In the past, in power converters such as inverters and converters mounted on air conditioners, gate resistors with different gate resistance values are switched to connect to switching elements to change the switching speed of the switching elements. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses the following technology: in an inverter control device having an inverter main circuit with a plurality of switching elements, when changing the gate drive waveform of the switching element, a switch is used to switch the gate resistor connected to the switching element to a gate resistor with a different gate resistance value.

现有技术文献Prior art literature

专利文献Patent Literature

专利文献1：日本特开2012-200042号公报Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-200042

发明内容Summary of the invention

发明要解决的问题Problem that the invention aims to solve

专利文献1所记载的逆变器控制装置被应用于空调机，通过使开关元件的开关速度变化，进行考虑了根据空调机的运转状态而产生的噪声和损耗双方的运转。但是，虽然专利文献1所记载的逆变器控制装置为了使开关元件的开关速度变化而根据栅电阻的栅电阻值进行切换，但栅电阻值的个数受到限制。因此，专利文献1所记载的逆变器控制装置存在如下问题：有时无法根据空调机的运转状态使开关元件的开关速度成为最佳的条件，无法将噪声和损耗的产生控制为所希望的状态。The inverter control device described in Patent Document 1 is applied to an air conditioner, and by changing the switching speed of a switching element, an operation is performed that takes into account both noise and loss generated according to the operating state of the air conditioner. However, although the inverter control device described in Patent Document 1 switches according to the gate resistance value of the gate resistor in order to change the switching speed of the switching element, the number of gate resistance values is limited. Therefore, the inverter control device described in Patent Document 1 has the following problem: sometimes the switching speed of the switching element cannot be optimal according to the operating state of the air conditioner, and the generation of noise and loss cannot be controlled to a desired state.

本公开是鉴于上述情况而完成的，其目的在于，得到一种能够根据运转状态来控制噪声和损耗的产生的空调机。The present disclosure has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present disclosure is to obtain an air conditioner capable of controlling the generation of noise and loss according to an operating state.

用于解决问题的手段Means used to solve problems

为了解决上述问题并实现目的，本公开是进行空调控制的空调机。空调机具备：1个以上的开关元件，其包含在进行电力转换的1个以上的电力转换器中的至少1个电力转换器中；波形形状变更部，其能够变更开关元件的开关波形的波形形状；运转状态检测部，其检测空调机的运转状态；以及波形形状控制信号输出部，其根据运转状态，输出通过波形形状变更部变更开关元件的开关波形时的控制信号。In order to solve the above problems and achieve the purpose, the present invention is an air conditioner for air conditioning control. The air conditioner comprises: one or more switching elements, which are included in at least one of the one or more power converters for power conversion; a waveform shape changing unit, which can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element; an operating state detection unit, which detects the operating state of the air conditioner; and a waveform shape control signal output unit, which outputs a control signal when the switching waveform of the switching element is changed by the waveform shape changing unit according to the operating state.

发明的效果Effects of the Invention

本公开的空调机起到能够根据运转状态来控制噪声和损耗的产生这样的效果。The air conditioner of the present disclosure has an effect of being able to control the generation of noise and loss according to the operating state.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1是示出实施方式1的空调机的结构例的图。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 1. FIG.

图2是示出在实施方式1的空调机的电力转换装置中使逆变器的开关元件的开关速度变慢时的导通焦耳损耗、导通电流以及导通电压的例子的图。2 is a diagram showing an example of conduction Joule loss, on-current, and on-voltage when the switching speed of the switching element of the inverter is slowed down in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图3是示出在实施方式1的空调机的电力转换装置中使逆变器的开关元件的开关速度变快时的导通焦耳损耗、导通电流以及导通电压的例子的图。3 is a diagram showing an example of conduction Joule loss, on-state current, and on-state voltage when the switching speed of the switching element of the inverter is increased in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图4是示出在通常的开关元件中产生的噪声与损耗的关系的例子的图。FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between noise and loss generated in a general switching element.

图5是示出在实施方式1的空调机的电力转换装置中通过变更逆变器的开关元件的开关速度而得到的效果的第1图。5 is a first diagram showing the effect obtained by changing the switching speed of the switching elements of the inverter in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图6是示出在实施方式1的空调机的电力转换装置中通过变更逆变器的开关元件的开关速度而得到的效果的第2图。6 is a second diagram showing the effect obtained by changing the switching speed of the switching elements of the inverter in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图7是示出实施方式1的空调机具备的电力转换装置的波形形状变更部的结构例的图。7 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a waveform shape changing unit of the power conversion device included in the air conditioner according to Embodiment 1. FIG.

图8是示出在实施方式1的空调机所具备的电力转换装置中由波形形状变更部输出的栅电流与表示开关元件的上升速度的栅电压的关系的第1图。8 is a first diagram showing a relationship between a gate current outputted from a waveform shape changing unit and a gate voltage indicating a rising speed of a switching element in the power conversion device included in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图9是示出在实施方式1的空调机所具备的电力转换装置中由波形形状变更部输出的栅电流与表示开关元件的上升速度的栅电压的关系的第2图。9 is a second diagram showing the relationship between the gate current output by the waveform shape changing unit and the gate voltage indicating the rising speed of the switching element in the power conversion device included in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图10是示出在实施方式1的空调机所具备的电力转换装置中由波形形状变更部输出的栅电流与表示开关元件的上升速度的栅电压的关系的第3图。10 is a third diagram showing the relationship between the gate current output by the waveform shape changing unit and the gate voltage indicating the rising speed of the switching element in the power conversion device included in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图11是示出在实施方式1的空调机所具备的电力转换装置中由基本脉冲生成部输出的基本脉冲与由波形形状变更部输出的栅电流的关系的例子的图。11 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between a basic pulse output by a basic pulse generating unit and a gate current output by a waveform shape changing unit in the power conversion device included in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图12是示出在实施方式1的空调机所具备的电力转换装置中对开关元件的开关波形的波形形状进行变更的动作的流程图。12 is a flowchart showing an operation of changing the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element in the power conversion device included in the air conditioner according to the first embodiment.

图13是示出实现实施方式1的空调机的电力转换装置所具备的控制部的硬件结构的一例的图。FIG. 13 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration for realizing a control unit included in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to Embodiment 1. FIG.

图14是示出实施方式2的空调机的结构例的图。FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 2. In FIG.

图15是示出实施方式2的空调机的电力转换装置所具备的换流器的整流部分的第1图。15 is a first diagram showing a rectifying portion of an inverter included in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to the second embodiment.

图16是示出实施方式2的空调机的电力转换装置所具备的换流器的整流部分的第2图。16 is a second diagram showing a rectifying portion of an inverter included in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to the second embodiment.

图17是示出实施方式2的空调机的电力转换装置所具备的换流器的整流部分的第3图。17 is a third diagram showing a rectifying portion of an inverter included in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to the second embodiment.

图18是示出实施方式3的空调机的结构例的图。FIG. 18 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 3. In FIG.

图19是示出实施方式5的空调机的结构例的图。FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 5. In FIG.

图20是示出实施方式5的空调机的电力转换装置所具备的速度估计装置的结构例的图。FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a speed estimation device included in the power conversion device of the air conditioner according to the fifth embodiment.

图21是示出实施方式6的空调机的结构例的图。FIG. 21 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 6. As shown in FIG.

图22是作为比较例而示出通过电容器将从换流器输出的电流平滑化而使流向逆变器的电流成为恒定的情况下的各电流和电容器的电容器电压的例子的图。FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of each current and a capacitor voltage of a capacitor when the current output from the converter is smoothed by a capacitor so that the current flowing to the inverter becomes constant as a comparative example.

图23是示出实施方式6的空调机所具备的电力转换装置的控制部对逆变器的动作进行控制而降低了流向电容器的电流时的各电流和电容器的电容器电压的例子的图。23 is a diagram showing an example of each current and a capacitor voltage of a capacitor when the control unit of the power conversion device included in the air conditioner according to Embodiment 6 controls the operation of the inverter to reduce the current flowing to the capacitor.

图24是示出实施方式7的空调机的结构例的图。FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 7. In FIG.

图25是示出实施方式8的空调机的结构例的图。FIG. 25 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner according to Embodiment 8. In FIG.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

以下，基于附图对本公开的实施方式的空调机详细进行说明。Hereinafter, an air conditioner according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail based on the drawings.

实施方式1.Implementation method 1.

图1是示出实施方式1的空调机2的结构例的图。进行空调控制的空调机2具备电力转换装置1和马达314。电力转换装置1与商用电源110及马达314连接。电力转换装置1将从商用电源110供给的电源电压Vs的第1交流电力向具有所希望的振幅和相位的第2交流电力进行电力转换，并供给到马达314。商用电源110在图1的例子中是单相交流电源，但也可以是三相交流电源。电力转换装置1具备运转状态检测部501、换流器130、电容器210、运转状态检测部502、逆变器310、运转状态检测部503、运转状态检测部504、运转状态检测部505以及控制部400。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 1. The air conditioner 2 that performs air conditioning control includes a power conversion device 1 and a motor 314. The power conversion device 1 is connected to a commercial power supply 110 and the motor 314. The power conversion device 1 converts a first AC power of a power supply voltage Vs supplied from the commercial power supply 110 into a second AC power having a desired amplitude and phase, and supplies the second AC power to the motor 314. The commercial power supply 110 is a single-phase AC power supply in the example of FIG. 1 , but may also be a three-phase AC power supply. The power conversion device 1 includes an operation state detection unit 501, a converter 130, a capacitor 210, an operation state detection unit 502, an inverter 310, an operation state detection unit 503, an operation state detection unit 504, an operation state detection unit 505, and a control unit 400.

运转状态检测部501对空调机2的运转状态进行检测。运转状态检测部501例如检测从商用电源110向换流器130供给的电源电压Vs的交流电力的电压值、从商用电源110向换流器130供给的电源电压Vs的交流电力的电流值等。The operating state detection unit 501 detects the operating state of the air conditioner 2. The operating state detection unit 501 detects, for example, the voltage value of the AC power of the power supply voltage Vs supplied from the commercial power supply 110 to the inverter 130, the current value of the AC power of the power supply voltage Vs supplied from the commercial power supply 110 to the inverter 130, and the like.

换流器130是将从商用电源110供给的电源电压Vs的交流电力转换成直流电力的电力转换器。换流器130具备整流元件131～134、电抗器135、开关元件136、续流二极管137、二极管138以及驱动电路150。换流器130具有由整流元件131～134构成的桥电路，对从商用电源110供给的电源电压Vs的第1交流电力进行整流，将整流后的直流电力升压而输出。驱动电路150基于由后述的控制部400的基本脉冲生成部410生成的基本脉冲，生成实际用于驱动开关元件136的驱动信号。开关元件136例如是IGBT(Insulated Gate BipolarTransistor：绝缘栅双极晶体管)、MOSFET(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor：金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管)、双极晶体管等，但不限于此。另外，换流器130的结构不限于图1的例子。换流器130也可以通过开关元件来构成整流元件131～134中的1个以上的整流元件。此外，在图1所示的实施方式1的电力转换装置1中，换流器130也可以仅具有整流功能，而不具有升压功能。此外，换流器130在商用电源110为三相交流电源的情况下成为具备6个整流元件的结构。The inverter 130 is a power converter that converts AC power of the power supply voltage Vs supplied from the commercial power supply 110 into DC power. The inverter 130 includes rectifier elements 131 to 134, a reactor 135, a switch element 136, a flyback diode 137, a diode 138, and a drive circuit 150. The inverter 130 has a bridge circuit composed of rectifier elements 131 to 134, rectifies the first AC power of the power supply voltage Vs supplied from the commercial power supply 110, and outputs the rectified DC power by boosting the voltage. The drive circuit 150 generates a drive signal for actually driving the switch element 136 based on the basic pulse generated by the basic pulse generating unit 410 of the control unit 400 described later. The switch element 136 is, for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor), a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), a bipolar transistor, etc., but is not limited thereto. In addition, the structure of the converter 130 is not limited to the example of FIG. 1. The converter 130 may also constitute one or more of the rectifier elements 131 to 134 by a switching element. In addition, in the power conversion device 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the converter 130 may have only a rectifier function and not a boost function. In addition, when the commercial power supply 110 is a three-phase AC power supply, the converter 130 has a structure including six rectifier elements.

电容器210与换流器130的输出端连接，将由换流器130转换后的直流电力平滑化。电容器210例如是电解电容器、薄膜电容器等。The capacitor 210 is connected to the output end of the inverter 130, and smoothes the DC power converted by the inverter 130. The capacitor 210 is, for example, an electrolytic capacitor, a film capacitor, or the like.

运转状态检测部502对空调机2的运转状态进行检测。运转状态检测部502例如检测从电容器210向逆变器310供给的直流电力的电压值等。The operating state detection unit 502 detects the operating state of the air conditioner 2. The operating state detection unit 502 detects, for example, the voltage value of the DC power supplied from the capacitor 210 to the inverter 310, and the like.

逆变器310是与电容器210的两端连接的电力转换器。逆变器310具有开关元件311a～311f和续流二极管312a～312f。逆变器310通过控制部400的控制将开关元件311a～311f接通断开，将从换流器130和电容器210输出的电力转换成具有所希望的振幅和相位的第2交流电力，即生成第2交流电力，向马达314输出。开关元件311a～311f例如是IGBT、MOSFET、双极晶体管等，但不限于此。逆变器310的电路结构是全桥电路、单相桥电路、半桥电路等，不受特别限制。此外，在本实施方式中，逆变器310具备能够变更开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状的波形形状变更部340。波形形状变更部340能够输出2个以上的波形形状作为开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状。在图1的例子中，波形形状变更部340构成为能够变更开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状，但是，设为能够变更开关元件311a～311f中的至少1个开关元件的开关波形的波形形状。此外，逆变器310也可以是按照每个开关元件311a～311f而具备波形形状变更部340的结构。之后叙述波形形状变更部340的详细动作。The inverter 310 is a power converter connected to both ends of the capacitor 210. The inverter 310 has switching elements 311a to 311f and freewheeling diodes 312a to 312f. The inverter 310 switches the switching elements 311a to 311f on and off under the control of the control unit 400, converts the power output from the converter 130 and the capacitor 210 into a second AC power having a desired amplitude and phase, that is, generates the second AC power, and outputs it to the motor 314. The switching elements 311a to 311f are, for example, IGBTs, MOSFETs, bipolar transistors, etc., but are not limited thereto. The circuit structure of the inverter 310 is a full-bridge circuit, a single-phase bridge circuit, a half-bridge circuit, etc., and is not particularly limited. In addition, in the present embodiment, the inverter 310 has a waveform shape changing unit 340 that can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f. The waveform shape changing unit 340 can output two or more waveform shapes as the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f. In the example of FIG. 1 , the waveform shape changing unit 340 is configured to be able to change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f, but it is configured to be able to change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of at least one of the switching elements 311a to 311f. In addition, the inverter 310 may also be configured to include the waveform shape changing unit 340 for each switching element 311a to 311f. The detailed operation of the waveform shape changing unit 340 will be described later.

运转状态检测部503对空调机2的运转状态进行检测。运转状态检测部503例如检测从逆变器310向作为负载的马达314供给的第2交流电力的电压值、从逆变器310向作为负载的马达314供给的第2交流电力的电流值等。运转状态检测部504对空调机2的运转状态进行检测。运转状态检测部504例如检测从电容器210向逆变器310供给的直流电力的电流值等。运转状态检测部505对空调机2的运转状态进行检测。运转状态检测部505例如检测流过开关元件311b、311d、311f的电流等。The operating state detection unit 503 detects the operating state of the air conditioner 2. The operating state detection unit 503 detects, for example, the voltage value of the second AC power supplied from the inverter 310 to the motor 314 as a load, the current value of the second AC power supplied from the inverter 310 to the motor 314 as a load, etc. The operating state detection unit 504 detects the operating state of the air conditioner 2. The operating state detection unit 504 detects, for example, the current value of the DC power supplied from the capacitor 210 to the inverter 310, etc. The operating state detection unit 505 detects the operating state of the air conditioner 2. The operating state detection unit 505 detects, for example, the current flowing through the switching elements 311b, 311d, and 311f, etc.

控制部400从运转状态检测部501～505取得由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态，基于取得的运转状态，对换流器130和逆变器310的动作进行控制，具体而言，对换流器130的开关元件136的接通断开进行控制，对逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的接通断开进行控制。控制部400具备基本脉冲生成部410和波形形状控制信号输出部420。The control unit 400 obtains the operating state detected by the operating state detection units 501 to 505 from the operating state detection units 501 to 505, and controls the operation of the converter 130 and the inverter 310 based on the obtained operating state, specifically, controls the on and off of the switching element 136 of the converter 130, and controls the on and off of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310. The control unit 400 includes a basic pulse generation unit 410 and a waveform shape control signal output unit 420.

基本脉冲生成部410生成如下的基本脉冲，该基本脉冲具有与由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态相应的占空比，且用于控制换流器130的开关元件136的动作。此外，基本脉冲生成部410生成如下的基本脉冲，该基本脉冲具有与由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态相应的占空比，且用于控制逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的动作。基本脉冲例如是具有与由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态相应的占空比的PWM(Pulse Width Modulation：脉冲宽度调制)信号。基本脉冲生成部410将用于控制换流器130的开关元件136的动作的基本脉冲输出到换流器130，将用于控制逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的动作的基本脉冲输出到波形形状控制信号输出部420。The basic pulse generating unit 410 generates a basic pulse having a duty ratio corresponding to the operating state detected by the operating state detecting units 501 to 505 and used to control the operation of the switching element 136 of the converter 130. In addition, the basic pulse generating unit 410 generates a basic pulse having a duty ratio corresponding to the operating state detected by the operating state detecting units 501 to 505 and used to control the operation of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310. The basic pulse is, for example, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal having a duty ratio corresponding to the operating state detected by the operating state detecting units 501 to 505. The basic pulse generating unit 410 outputs the basic pulse for controlling the operation of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 to the converter 130, and outputs the basic pulse for controlling the operation of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 to the waveform shape control signal output unit 420.

波形形状控制信号输出部420根据由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态，来设定通过逆变器310的波形形状变更部340变更开关元件311a～311f的开关波形时的开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状，输出表示所设定的波形形状的控制信号。具体而言，波形形状控制信号输出部420在基于由基本脉冲生成部410生成的用于控制逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的动作的基本脉冲而将开关元件311a～311f接通断开时，控制逆变器310的波形形状变更部340为了实际对开关元件311a～311f进行驱动而向开关元件311a～311f输出的驱动信号的大小和输出驱动信号的定时。波形形状控制信号输出部420将用于控制波形形状变更部340的动作的控制信号输出到波形形状变更部340。也可以是，在逆变器310按照每个开关元件311a～311f而具备波形形状变更部340即具备6个波形形状变更部340的情况下，控制部400构成为按照每个波形形状变更部340而具备波形形状控制信号输出部420即具备6个波形形状控制信号输出部420。The waveform shape control signal output unit 420 sets the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f when the waveform shape change unit 340 of the inverter 310 changes the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f according to the operating state detected by the operating state detection units 501 to 505, and outputs a control signal indicating the set waveform shape. Specifically, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 controls the magnitude of the drive signal output to the switching elements 311a to 311f and the timing of outputting the drive signal by the waveform shape change unit 340 of the inverter 310 in order to actually drive the switching elements 311a to 311f when the switching elements 311a to 311f are turned on and off based on the basic pulses generated by the basic pulse generation unit 410 for controlling the operation of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310. The waveform shape control signal output unit 420 outputs the control signal for controlling the operation of the waveform shape change unit 340 to the waveform shape change unit 340. Alternatively, when the inverter 310 includes a waveform changer 340 for each switching element 311a to 311f, i.e., includes six waveform changers 340 , the control unit 400 may include a waveform control signal output unit 420 for each waveform changer 340 , i.e., includes six waveform control signal output units 420 .

另外，在图1的例子中，控制部400从运转状态检测部501～505取得由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态，基于取得的运转状态，对换流器130和逆变器310的动作进行了控制，但不限于此。控制部400能够基于从运转状态检测部501～505中的至少1个运转状态检测部取得的运转状态，对换流器130和逆变器310的动作进行控制。在电力转换装置1中，运转状态检测部501～505在上述的例子中检测了向电力转换装置1的各结构输入的电压或电流、从电力转换装置1的各结构输出的电压或电流等作为运转状态，但检测对象不限于此。此外，运转状态检测部501～505的设置位置不限于图1的例子。电力转换装置1无需按照图1那样配置全部运转状态检测部501～505。只要能够检测运转状态即可，电力转换装置1也可以在图示以外的位置中的任意位置具备运转状态检测部。也可以是，电力转换装置1将由电力转换装置1、马达314等产生的噪声、由电力转换装置1、马达314等产生的损耗、电力转换装置1、马达314等具备的各结构的温度等作为运转状态，在能够检测这些运转状态的位置具备运转状态检测部。此外，作为空调机2的运转状态，控制部400能够利用从用户等使用的未图示的遥控器等取得的针对空调机2的设定温度、针对空调机2的制热、制冷等运转模式等的信息。In addition, in the example of FIG. 1 , the control unit 400 obtains the operating state detected by the operating state detection units 501 to 505 from the operating state detection units 501 to 505, and controls the operation of the converter 130 and the inverter 310 based on the obtained operating state, but the present invention is not limited to this. The control unit 400 can control the operation of the converter 130 and the inverter 310 based on the operating state obtained from at least one of the operating state detection units 501 to 505. In the power conversion device 1, the operating state detection units 501 to 505 detect the voltage or current input to each structure of the power conversion device 1, the voltage or current output from each structure of the power conversion device 1, etc. as the operating state, but the detection object is not limited to this. In addition, the installation position of the operating state detection units 501 to 505 is not limited to the example of FIG. 1. The power conversion device 1 does not need to be configured with all the operating state detection units 501 to 505 as shown in FIG. As long as the operating state can be detected, the power conversion device 1 may be provided with an operating state detection unit at any position other than the position shown in the figure. Alternatively, the power conversion device 1 may use the noise generated by the power conversion device 1, the motor 314, etc., the loss generated by the power conversion device 1, the motor 314, etc., the temperature of each structure provided by the power conversion device 1, the motor 314, etc. as the operating state, and provide an operating state detection unit at a position where these operating states can be detected. In addition, as the operating state of the air conditioner 2, the control unit 400 can use information such as the set temperature for the air conditioner 2, the heating, cooling, etc. operating mode of the air conditioner 2, etc. obtained from a remote controller not shown in the figure used by the user, etc.

此外，控制部400的基本脉冲生成部410和波形形状控制信号输出部420均基于从运转状态检测部501～505取得的运转状态进行动作，因此，也可以将基本脉冲生成部410和波形形状控制信号输出部420的功能汇总为1个结构。In addition, the basic pulse generating unit 410 and the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 of the control unit 400 both operate based on the operating state obtained from the operating state detection units 501 to 505, so the functions of the basic pulse generating unit 410 and the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 can also be integrated into one structure.

马达314是与电力转换装置1连接的负载。马达314例如是压缩机驱动用的压缩机马达。马达314根据从逆变器310供给的第2交流电力的振幅和相位进行旋转，进行压缩动作。例如，在压缩机是空调机2所使用的密闭型压缩机的情况下，对压缩机进行驱动的马达314的负载转矩大多被视为恒转矩负载。对于未图示的马达绕组，马达314可以是Y接线，也可以是Δ接线，还可以是能够切换Y接线与Δ接线的规格。此外，与电力转换装置1即逆变器310连接的负载不限于压缩机驱动用的马达314，也可以是空调机2所使用的风扇马达等。即，马达314是压缩机马达、风扇马达等。The motor 314 is a load connected to the power conversion device 1. The motor 314 is, for example, a compressor motor for driving a compressor. The motor 314 rotates according to the amplitude and phase of the second AC power supplied from the inverter 310 to perform a compression action. For example, in the case where the compressor is a sealed compressor used in the air conditioner 2, the load torque of the motor 314 that drives the compressor is mostly regarded as a constant torque load. For the motor winding not shown in the figure, the motor 314 can be a Y connection, a Δ connection, or a specification that can switch between Y connection and Δ connection. In addition, the load connected to the power conversion device 1, i.e., the inverter 310, is not limited to the motor 314 for driving the compressor, and can also be a fan motor used in the air conditioner 2, etc. That is, the motor 314 is a compressor motor, a fan motor, etc.

在本实施方式中，电力转换装置1能够通过波形形状控制信号输出部420和波形形状变更部340，来变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状。具体而言，电力转换装置1能够变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关速度、延迟时间等。In the present embodiment, the power conversion device 1 can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 through the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 and the waveform shape change unit 340. Specifically, the power conversion device 1 can change the switching speed, delay time, etc. of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310.

图2是示出在实施方式1的空调机2的电力转换装置1中使逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关速度变慢时的导通焦耳损耗、导通电流以及导通电压的例子的图。图3是示出在实施方式1的空调机2的电力转换装置1中使逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关速度变快时的导通焦耳损耗、导通电流以及导通电压的例子的图。在图2和图3中，A表示导通焦耳损耗，B表示导通电流，C表示导通电压。在图2和图3中，横轴表示时间。例如，导通电流是流过开关元件311a的电流，导通电压是向开关元件311a的两端施加的电压，导通焦耳损耗是将导通电流与导通电压相乘而得到的，但测定对象不限于开关元件311a，也可以是其他的开关元件311b～311f。另外，图2和图3示出由逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关速度引起的各特性的差异，开关速度的“慢”和“快”的具体数值没有特别限制。如图2和图3所示，通过使开关速度变慢，B的导通电流的峰值所示的噪声变小，但A的导通焦耳损耗的面积所示的损耗变大。此外，如图2和图3所示，通过使开关速度变快，B的导通电流的峰值所示的噪声变大，但A的导通焦耳损耗的面积所示的损耗变小。即，在开关元件311a～311f中，所产生的噪声和损耗处于折衷的关系。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of conduction Joule loss, conduction current, and conduction voltage when the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 is slowed down in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of conduction Joule loss, conduction current, and conduction voltage when the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 is fastened in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 1. In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, A represents conduction Joule loss, B represents conduction current, and C represents conduction voltage. In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the horizontal axis represents time. For example, the conduction current is the current flowing through the switch element 311a, the conduction voltage is the voltage applied to both ends of the switch element 311a, and the conduction Joule loss is obtained by multiplying the conduction current and the conduction voltage, but the measurement object is not limited to the switch element 311a, and it can also be other switch elements 311b to 311f. In addition, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 show the differences in various characteristics caused by the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310, and the specific values of the "slow" and "fast" switching speeds are not particularly limited. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, by slowing down the switching speed, the noise indicated by the peak value of the on-current of B becomes smaller, but the loss indicated by the area of the on-joule loss of A becomes larger. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, by speeding up the switching speed, the noise indicated by the peak value of the on-current of B becomes larger, but the loss indicated by the area of the on-joule loss of A becomes smaller. That is, in the switching elements 311a to 311f, the noise and loss generated are in a trade-off relationship.

在电力转换装置1中，由数字栅极驱动器构成波形形状变更部340。或者，在电力转换装置1中，由数字栅极驱动器模块构成逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f和波形形状变更部340。由此，电力转换装置1通过不变更硬件而变更软件的指令值，能够变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关速度，能够将由开关元件311a～311f产生的噪声和损耗控制为所希望的状态。In the power conversion device 1, the waveform shape changing unit 340 is constituted by a digital gate driver. Alternatively, in the power conversion device 1, the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 and the waveform shape changing unit 340 are constituted by a digital gate driver module. Thus, the power conversion device 1 can change the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 by changing the command value of the software without changing the hardware, and can control the noise and loss generated by the switching elements 311a to 311f to a desired state.

图4是示出由通常的开关元件产生的噪声与损耗的关系的例子的图。如上所述，由开关元件产生的噪声和损耗处于折衷的关系。因此，如图4所示，通常的开关元件通过使开关速度变快，噪声变大但损耗变小，通过使开关速度变慢，噪声变小但损耗变大。FIG4 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between noise and loss generated by a common switching element. As described above, the noise and loss generated by a switching element are in a trade-off relationship. Therefore, as shown in FIG4, a common switching element increases noise but reduces loss by increasing the switching speed, and reduces noise but increases loss by decreasing the switching speed.

图5是示出在实施方式1的空调机2的电力转换装置1中通过变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关速度而得到的效果的第1图。关于电力转换装置1，即便在搭载电力转换装置1的产品即空调机2所规定的噪声的范围内进行运转，当马达314的负载状态从轻负载变化为重负载时，如图5所示，表示由开关元件311a～311f产生的噪声和损耗的特性的曲线也向右上方推移，结果是，噪声增加。即，在电力转换装置1中，负载越重则噪声越增加。因此，电力转换装置1通过使开关元件311a～311f的开关速度变慢，能够减小由开关元件311a～311f产生的噪声。FIG. 5 is a first diagram showing the effect obtained by changing the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 according to the first embodiment. Regarding the power conversion device 1, even if the power conversion device 1 is operated within the noise range specified by the air conditioner 2, which is a product equipped with the power conversion device 1, when the load state of the motor 314 changes from a light load to a heavy load, as shown in FIG. 5, the curve representing the characteristics of the noise and loss generated by the switching elements 311a to 311f also shifts to the upper right, resulting in an increase in noise. That is, in the power conversion device 1, the heavier the load, the more the noise increases. Therefore, the power conversion device 1 can reduce the noise generated by the switching elements 311a to 311f by slowing down the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f.

在马达314的负载状态从轻负载变化为重负载的情况下，波形形状控制信号输出部420对开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状进行变更，使得由开关元件311a～311f产生的噪声满足规定的要件。波形形状控制信号输出部420在运转状态是小于规定的负载的轻负载运转的情况下，对开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状进行变更以抑制损耗，在运转状态是规定的负载以上的重负载运转的情况下，对开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状进行变更以抑制噪声。When the load state of the motor 314 changes from a light load to a heavy load, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 changes the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f so that the noise generated by the switching elements 311a to 311f satisfies the prescribed requirements. When the operating state is a light load operation less than a prescribed load, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 changes the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311a to suppress loss, and when the operating state is a heavy load operation greater than a prescribed load, the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311a is changed to suppress noise.

图6是示出在实施方式1的空调机2的电力转换装置1中通过变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关速度而得到的效果的第2图。电力转换装置1具体而言波形形状变更部340在开关元件311a～311f的1次开关动作中，例如，将导通期间或截止期间分割为2个以上的期间，在分割后的各期间内，将针对开关元件311a～311f的栅电流或栅电压的振幅变更为不同的大小。电力转换装置1通过如图6所示那样优化开关元件311a～311f的开关波形，能够得到通过图4所示的通常的开关元件无法得到的由开关元件311a～311f产生的噪声和损耗的特性。FIG6 is a second diagram showing the effect obtained by changing the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 1. Specifically, the waveform shape changer 340 of the power conversion device 1 divides the on-period or off-period into two or more periods in one switching operation of the switching elements 311a to 311f, for example, and changes the amplitude of the gate current or gate voltage for the switching elements 311a to 311f to different sizes in each divided period. The power conversion device 1 optimizes the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f as shown in FIG6, and can obtain the characteristics of noise and loss generated by the switching elements 311a to 311f that cannot be obtained by the conventional switching elements shown in FIG4.

这里，对波形形状变更部340的结构进行说明。这里，作为一例，为了使说明变得简单，针对波形形状变更部340能够变更1个开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状的情况进行说明。图7是示出实施方式1的空调机2所具备的电力转换装置1的波形形状变更部340的结构例的图。图7也是示出由波形形状变更部340和开关元件311a构成的1个数字栅极驱动器模块的结构例的图。如图1所示，波形形状变更部340包含在逆变器310中，该逆变器310是包含开关元件311a的电力转换器。波形形状变更部340具备导通用的n个P沟道型的MOSFET即PMOS(P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor：P沟道金属氧化物半导体)、用于使n个PMOS进行动作的n个PreDriver、截止用的n个N沟道型的MOSFET即NMOS(N-channel Metal OxideSemiconductor：N沟道金属氧化物半导体)、以及用于使n个NMOS进行动作的n个PreDriver。Here, the structure of the waveform shape changer 340 is described. Here, as an example, in order to simplify the description, the case where the waveform shape changer 340 can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of one switching element 311a is described. FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a structural example of the waveform shape changer 340 of the power conversion device 1 provided in the air conditioner 2 of Embodiment 1. FIG. 7 is also a diagram showing a structural example of a digital gate driver module composed of the waveform shape changer 340 and the switching element 311a. As shown in FIG. 1, the waveform shape changer 340 is included in the inverter 310, which is a power converter including the switching element 311a. The waveform shape changing unit 340 includes n P-channel MOSFETs for conduction, namely PMOS (P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor), n PreDrivers for operating the n PMOS, n N-channel MOSFETs for cutoff, namely NMOS (N-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor), and n PreDrivers for operating the n NMOS.

波形形状变更部340与控制电源Vdd及接地GND连接。波形形状变更部340基于来自波形形状控制信号输出部420的控制信号来变更进行动作的PMOS或NMOS的数量，由此，能够在导通期间和截止期间的各期间内，将作为向开关元件311a输出的驱动信号的栅电流I_G的振幅值变更为n种，来调整开关元件311a的开关速度。波形形状变更部340越增加进行动作的PMOS或NMOS的数量，则越能够增大向开关元件311a输出的栅电流I_G的绝对值，越能够使开关元件311a的开关速度变快。此外，对于波形形状变更部340，内部具备的PMOS和NMOS的数量越多，则越能够进行更加精细的开关元件311a的开关速度的调整，栅电流I_G的增减的响应越快，则在1次开关期间内越能够进行越精细的栅电流I_G的调整。关于来自波形形状控制信号输出部420的控制信号，只要能够通过波形形状变更部340来变更进行动作的PMOS或NMOS的数量即可，因此，可以是模拟信号，也可以是数字信号。此外，在图7的例子中，示出从波形形状控制信号输出部420到波形形状变更部340的控制信号并联地具有m个的情况，但这是一例，控制信号的数量不限于m个。控制信号的数量也可以是能够表示各PMOS和各NMOS可否动作的数量，如果是通过模拟信号示出电压等的控制信号，则也可以为1个。The waveform changer 340 is connected to the control power supply Vdd and the ground GND. The waveform changer 340 changes the number of PMOS or NMOS in operation based on the control signal from the waveform control signal output unit 420, thereby being able to change the amplitude value of the gate current_IG as the drive signal output to the switch element 311a to n types during each period of the on period and the off period to adjust the switching speed of the switch element 311a. The more the waveform changer 340 increases the number of PMOS or NMOS in operation, the greater the absolute value of the gate current_IG output to the switch element 311a can be, and the faster the switching speed of the switch element 311a can be. In addition, the more the number of PMOS and NMOS included in the waveform changer 340 is, the more finely the switching speed of the switch element 311a can be adjusted, the faster the response of the increase and decrease of the gate current_IG is, and the finer the gate current_IG can be adjusted within one switching period. The control signal from the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 can be an analog signal or a digital signal as long as the number of PMOS or NMOS to be operated can be changed by the waveform shape change unit 340. In addition, in the example of FIG. 7 , the control signal from the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 to the waveform shape change unit 340 is shown to have m control signals in parallel, but this is an example, and the number of control signals is not limited to m. The number of control signals can also be a number that can indicate whether each PMOS and each NMOS can operate, and if it is a control signal that indicates voltage or the like by an analog signal, it can also be 1.

图8是示出在实施方式1的空调机2具备的电力转换装置1中由波形形状变更部340输出的栅电流I_G与表示开关元件311a的上升速度的栅电压V_G的关系的第1图。图9是示出在实施方式1的空调机2具备的电力转换装置1中由波形形状变更部340输出的栅电流I_G与表示开关元件311a的上升速度的栅电压V_G的关系的第2图。如图8和图9所示，波形形状变更部340越增大所输出的栅电流I_G，则越能够加快栅电压V_G的上升，即越能够使开关元件311a的开关速度变快。此外，如图8和图9所示，波形形状变更部340越减小所输出的栅电流I_G，则越能够减慢栅电压V_G的上升，即越能够使开关元件311a的开关速度变慢。由此，如图5所示，电力转换装置1在想要减小由开关元件311a产生的噪声时，能够减小所输出的栅电流I_G而使开关速度变慢，在想要减小由开关元件311a产生的损耗时，能够增大所输出的栅电流I_G而使开关速度变快。另外，图8和图9所示的栅电流I_G和栅电压V_G的波形是理想的例子，如图2和图3所示，实际上在栅电流I_G成为一定的电流值之前需要时间。FIG8 is a first diagram showing the relationship between the gate current_{IG outputted by the waveform changer 340 and the gate voltage VG indicating the rising speed of the switching element 311a in the power conversion device 1 provided in the air conditioner 2 according to the first embodiment. FIG9 is a second diagram showing the relationship between the gate current IG}_{outputted by the waveform changer 340 and the gate voltage VG}_indicating_the rising speed of the switching element 311a in the power conversion device 1 provided in the air conditioner 2 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG8 and FIG9, the more the gate current_IG outputted by the waveform changer 340 increases, the faster the rise of the gate voltage_VG can be, that is, the faster the switching speed of the switching element 311a can be. In addition, as shown in FIG8 and FIG9, the more the gate current_IG outputted by the waveform changer 340 decreases, the slower the rise of the gate voltage_VG can be, that is, the slower the switching speed of the switching element 311a can be. Thus, as shown in FIG5, the power conversion device 1 can reduce the output gate current_IG to slow down the switching speed when it is desired to reduce the noise generated by the switching element 311a, and can increase the output gate current_IG to increase the switching speed when it is desired to reduce the loss generated by the switching element 311a. In addition, the waveforms of the gate current_IG and the gate voltage_VG shown in FIG8 and FIG9 are ideal examples. As shown in FIG2 and FIG3, it actually takes time before the gate current_IG reaches a certain current value.

图10是示出在实施方式1的空调机2所具备的电力转换装置1中由波形形状变更部340输出的栅电流I_G与表示开关元件311a的上升速度的栅电压V_G的关系的第3图。如图10所示，波形形状变更部340能够对导通期间进行分割，在各期间内变更栅电流I_G的大小。即，波形形状变更部340能够在1次导通期间内，精细地调整栅电流I_G的大小。由此，与在导通期间内输出相同的栅电流I_G的情况相比，电力转换装置1能够如图6所示那样进行减小由开关元件311a产生的噪声并减小由开关元件311a产生的损耗这样的控制。FIG. 10 is a third diagram showing the relationship between the gate current_IG outputted by the waveform changer 340 and the gate voltage_VG indicating the rising speed of the switching element 311a in the power conversion device 1 provided in the air conditioner 2 according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10 , the waveform changer 340 can divide the conduction period and change the magnitude of the gate current_IG in each period. That is, the waveform changer 340 can finely adjust the magnitude of the gate current_IG in one conduction period. Thus, the power conversion device 1 can perform control such as reducing the noise generated by the switching element 311a and reducing the loss generated by the switching element 311a as shown in FIG. 6 , compared with the case where the same gate current_IG is outputted in the conduction period.

使用图8至图10，以开关元件311a的导通期间为例进行了说明，但开关元件311a的截止期间也是同样的。图11是示出在实施方式1的空调机2所具备的电力转换装置1中由基本脉冲生成部410输出的基本脉冲与由波形形状变更部340输出的栅电流I_G的关系的例子的图。在图11中，设为|Ig2|＞|Ig1|。波形形状变更部340在开关元件311a的导通期间内对输出栅电流I_G的期间进行分割，可以在最开始输出振幅大的电流Ig2的栅电流I_G之后接着输出振幅小的电流Ig1的栅电流I_G，也可以在最开始输出振幅小的电流Ig1的栅电流I_G之后接着输出振幅大的电流Ig2的栅电流I_G。同样，波形形状变更部340在开关元件311a的截止期间内对输出栅电流I_G的期间进行分割，可以在最开始输出振幅大的电流-Ig2的栅电流I_G之后接着输出振幅小的电流-Ig1的栅电流I_G，也可以在最开始输出振幅小的电流-Ig1的栅电流I_G之后接着输出振幅大的电流-Ig2的栅电流I_G。Although the on-period of the switching element 311a is described by using FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 as an example, the off-period of the switching element 311a is also the same. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example of the relationship between the basic pulse output by the basic pulse generating unit 410 and the gate current_IG output by the waveform shape changing unit 340 in the power conversion device 1 provided in the air conditioner 2 according to the first embodiment. In FIG. 11, it is assumed that |Ig2|>|Ig1|. The waveform shape changing unit 340 divides the period of outputting the gate current_IG during the on-period of the switching element 311a, and may output the gate current_{IG of the current Ig1 with a small amplitude after outputting the gate current IG}_of the current Ig2 with a large amplitude, or may output the gate current_IG of the current Ig1 with a small amplitude after outputting the gate current_IG of the current Ig2 with a large amplitude. Similarly, the waveform shape changing unit 340 divides the period of outputting the gate current_IG during the off period of the switching element 311a, and may initially output the gate current_IG with a large amplitude of the current -Ig2 and then output the gate current_IG with a small amplitude of the current -Ig1, or may initially output the gate current_IG with a small amplitude of the current -Ig1 and then output the gate current_IG with a large amplitude of the current -Ig2.

这样，波形形状变更部340能够基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号，针对开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状，将开关元件311a的导通期间和截止期间中的至少1个期间分割为2个以上，在分割后的各期间内，将针对开关元件311a的栅电流I_G的振幅变更为不同的大小。此外，波形形状变更部340具备多个晶体管，基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号来变更进行动作的晶体管的数量，由此，能够变更栅电流I_G的振幅。由此，空调机2能够根据运转状态来变更由开关元件311a产生的噪声和损耗。In this way, the waveform changer 340 can divide at least one of the on-period and off-period of the switching element 311a into two or more periods for the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311a based on the control signal output from the waveform control signal output unit 420, and change the amplitude of the gate current_IG for the switching element 311a to different sizes in each of the divided periods. In addition, the waveform changer 340 includes a plurality of transistors, and can change the number of transistors to be operated based on the control signal output from the waveform control signal output unit 420, thereby changing the amplitude of the gate current_IG . As a result, the air conditioner 2 can change the noise and loss generated by the switching element 311a according to the operating state.

此外，波形形状变更部340能够按照开关元件311a的每个开关周期来变更栅电流I_G的输出样式(pattern)。波形形状变更部340在电力转换装置1的动作中，能够按照开关元件311a的每个开关周期而变更为不同的波形形状的开关波形。例如，波形形状变更部340在空调机2具备的马达314即压缩机马达、风扇马达等中的至少1个马达进行旋转的过程中，变更开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状。在该情况下，波形形状控制信号输出部420能够以与开关元件311a的开关周期相同的周期来变更开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状。波形形状控制信号输出部420也可以按照开关元件311a的开关周期的正整数倍的周期来变更开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状。In addition, the waveform shape changer 340 can change the output pattern of the gate current_IG according to each switching cycle of the switching element 311a. The waveform shape changer 340 can change the switching waveform to a different waveform shape according to each switching cycle of the switching element 311a during the operation of the power conversion device 1. For example, the waveform shape changer 340 changes the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311a during the rotation of at least one of the motors 314, i.e., the compressor motor, the fan motor, etc., provided in the air conditioner 2. In this case, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311a with the same period as the switching cycle of the switching element 311a. The waveform shape control signal output unit 420 can also change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311a according to a period of a positive integer multiple of the switching cycle of the switching element 311a.

另外，关于波形形状变更部340的结构，图7所示的波形形状变更部340的结构是一例，不限于此。这样，波形形状变更部340通过基于多个MOS(Metal Oxide Semiconductor)的数字控制，与专利文献1所记载的物理地切换栅电阻的模拟控制的情况相比，能够更加精细地调整开关元件311a的开关速度。此外，对于在内部使用的晶体管，波形形状变更部340也可以使用MOS以外的晶体管。In addition, regarding the structure of the waveform shape changing unit 340, the structure of the waveform shape changing unit 340 shown in FIG. 7 is an example and is not limited thereto. In this way, the waveform shape changing unit 340 can adjust the switching speed of the switching element 311a more finely by digital control based on multiple MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductors) compared with the analog control of physically switching the gate resistance described in Patent Document 1. In addition, the waveform shape changing unit 340 can also use transistors other than MOS for the transistors used internally.

此外，波形形状变更部340在上述的例子中根据取得的控制信号来变更进行动作的PMOS或NMOS的数量，将与进行动作的PMOS或NMOS的数量相应的栅电流I_G输出到开关元件311a，但不限于此。波形形状变更部340也可以预先存储与控制信号相应的栅电流I_G的输出样式即波形形状，按照与取得的控制信号相应的输出样式即波形形状来输出栅电流I_G。此外，波形形状变更部340也可以预先存储过去取得的控制信号和过去取得的控制信号时的栅电流I_G的输出样式即波形形状，在取得了相同的控制信号时按照存储的输出样式即波形形状来输出栅电流I_G。波形形状变更部340通过预先存储与控制信号相应的栅电流I_G的输出样式即波形形状，能够降低输出栅电流I_G时的处理负载。In addition, in the above-mentioned example, the waveform shape changing unit 340 changes the number of PMOS or NMOS in operation according to the acquired control signal, and outputs the gate current_IG corresponding to the number of PMOS or NMOS in operation to the switch element 311a, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The waveform shape changing unit 340 may also pre-store the output pattern, i.e., waveform shape, of the gate current_IG corresponding to the control signal, and output the gate current_IG according to the output pattern, i.e., waveform shape corresponding to the acquired control signal. In addition, the waveform shape changing unit 340 may pre-store the control signal acquired in the past and the output pattern, i.e., waveform shape of the gate current_IG when the control signal acquired in the past is acquired, and output the gate current IG according to the stored output pattern, i.e., waveform shape when the same control signal is acquired. The waveform shape changing unit₃₄₀ can reduce the processing load when outputting the gate current_IG by pre-storing the output pattern, i.e., waveform shape of the gate current_IG corresponding to the control signal.

此外，在图7的例子中，波形形状变更部340通过变更栅电流I_G作为向开关元件311a输出的驱动信号，来调整开关元件311a的开关速度，变更开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状，但不限于此。波形形状变更部340能够将向开关元件311a输出的驱动信号作为栅电压V_G，通过变更栅电压V_G，同样地调整开关元件311a的开关速度，变更开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状。In the example of FIG. 7 , the waveform shape changing unit 340 adjusts the switching speed of the switching element 311 a and changes the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311 a by changing the gate current_IG as the driving signal output to the switching element 311 a, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The waveform shape changing unit 340 can use the gate voltage_VG as the driving signal output to the switching element 311 a and change the gate voltage_VG to similarly adjust the switching speed of the switching element 311 a and change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311 a.

这样，波形形状变更部340能够基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号，针对开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状，将开关元件311a的导通期间和截止期间中的至少1个期间分割为2个以上，在分割后的各期间内，将针对开关元件311a的栅电压V_G的振幅变更为不同的大小。此外，波形形状变更部340具备多个晶体管，基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号来变更进行动作的晶体管的数量，由此，能够变更栅电压V_G的振幅。由此，空调机2能够根据运转状态来变更由开关元件311a产生的噪声和损耗。In this way, the waveform changer 340 can divide at least one of the on-period and off-period of the switching element 311a into two or more periods for the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311a based on the control signal output from the waveform control signal output unit 420, and change the amplitude of the gate voltage_VG for the switching element 311a to different magnitudes in each of the divided periods. In addition, the waveform changer 340 includes a plurality of transistors, and can change the number of transistors to be operated based on the control signal output from the waveform control signal output unit 420, thereby changing the amplitude of the gate voltage_VG . As a result, the air conditioner 2 can change the noise and loss generated by the switching element 311a according to the operating state.

图12是示出在实施方式1的空调机2所具备的电力转换装置1中对开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状进行变更的动作的流程图。在电力转换装置1中，基本脉冲生成部410基于从运转状态检测部501～505取得的运转状态，生成用于驱动逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的基本脉冲(步骤S1)。这样，在控制部400中，基本脉冲生成部410基于从运转状态检测部501～505取得的运转状态，生成基本脉冲，决定将开关元件311a～311f导通的定时和将开关元件311a～311f截止的定时。基本脉冲生成部410将生成的基本脉冲输出到波形形状控制信号输出部420。FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing an operation of changing the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f in the power conversion device 1 included in the air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 1. In the power conversion device 1, the basic pulse generation unit 410 generates a basic pulse for driving the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 based on the operating state obtained from the operating state detection units 501 to 505 (step S1). In this way, in the control unit 400, the basic pulse generation unit 410 generates a basic pulse based on the operating state obtained from the operating state detection units 501 to 505, and determines the timing of turning on the switching elements 311a to 311f and the timing of turning off the switching elements 311a to 311f. The basic pulse generation unit 410 outputs the generated basic pulse to the waveform shape control signal output unit 420.

波形形状控制信号输出部420基于从基本脉冲生成部410取得的基本脉冲和从运转状态检测部501～505取得的运转状态，设定用于对逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状进行变更的波形形状。这样，在控制部400中，波形形状控制信号输出部420基于从运转状态检测部501～505取得的运转状态，设定由基本脉冲生成部410决定的将开关元件311a～311f导通的定时和将开关元件311a～311f截止的定时的开关波形的波形形状。波形形状控制信号输出部420向波形形状变更部340输出能够根据所设定的波形形状来变更驱动信号的大小和输出定时的控制信号(步骤S2)。The waveform shape control signal output unit 420 sets a waveform shape for changing the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 based on the basic pulse obtained from the basic pulse generation unit 410 and the operating state obtained from the operating state detection units 501 to 505. In this way, in the control unit 400, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 sets the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the timing of turning on the switching elements 311a to 311f and the timing of turning off the switching elements 311a to 311f determined by the basic pulse generation unit 410 based on the operating state obtained from the operating state detection units 501 to 505. The waveform shape control signal output unit 420 outputs a control signal that can change the size and output timing of the drive signal according to the set waveform shape to the waveform shape change unit 340 (step S2).

波形形状变更部340基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420取得的控制信号来变更向逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f输出的栅电流I_G的波形形状，即开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状(步骤S3)。波形形状变更部340将波形形状变更后的栅电流I_G输出到逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f。The waveform changing unit 340 changes the waveform of the gate current_IG output to the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310, that is, the waveform of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f, based on the control signal obtained from the waveform control signal output unit 420 (step S3). The waveform changing unit 340 outputs the gate current_IG after the waveform change to the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310.

接着，对电力转换装置1具备的控制部400的硬件结构进行说明。图13是示出实现实施方式1的空调机2的电力转换装置1所具备的控制部400的硬件结构的一例的图。控制部400由处理器91和存储器92实现。Next, the hardware configuration of the control unit 400 included in the power conversion device 1 will be described. FIG13 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of the control unit 400 included in the power conversion device 1 that realizes the air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 1. The control unit 400 is realized by a processor 91 and a memory 92 .

处理器91是CPU(也称为Central Processing Unit、中央处理装置、处理装置、运算装置、微处理器、微型计算机、处理器、DSP(Digital Signal Processor：数字信号处理器))、或者系统LSI(Large Scale Integration：大规模集成)。存储器92能够例示RAM(Random Access Memory：随机存取存储器)、ROM(Read Only Memory：只读存储器)、闪存、EPROM(Erasable Programmable ROM：可擦可编程只读存储器)、EEPROM(注册商标)(Electrically EPROM：电可擦可编程只读存储器)这样的非易失性或易失性的半导体存储器。另外，存储器92不限于此，也可以是磁盘、光盘、高密度盘、迷你盘、或者DVD(DigitalVersatile Disc：数字多功能光盘)。The processor 91 is a CPU (also called a Central Processing Unit, a central processing device, a processing device, an arithmetic device, a microprocessor, a microcomputer, a processor, a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or a system LSI (Large Scale Integration). The memory 92 can be exemplified by a non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as a RAM (Random Access Memory), a ROM (Read Only Memory), a flash memory, an EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), or an EEPROM (registered trademark) (Electrically EPROM). In addition, the memory 92 is not limited thereto, and may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a high-density disk, a mini disk, or a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc).

如以上说明的那样，根据本实施方式，在空调机2的电力转换装置1中，控制部400的波形形状控制信号输出部420根据由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态，输出通过逆变器310的波形形状变更部340变更开关元件311a～311f的开关波形时的控制信号。逆变器310的波形形状变更部340基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号，变更向开关元件311a～311f输出的栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G，由此，变更开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状。由此，空调机2能够根据运转状态来控制噪声和损耗的产生。此外，空调机2能够抑制电路规模的增大并变更开关元件311a～311f的开关速度。空调机2通过在1次开关期间内精细地调整向开关元件311a～311f输出的栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G，能够实现在专利文献1等的方式中无法实现的开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状。As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 of the control unit 400 outputs a control signal for changing the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f through the waveform shape change unit 340 of the inverter 310 according to the operating state detected by the operating state detection units 501 to 505. The waveform shape change unit 340 of the inverter 310 changes the gate current_IG or gate voltage_VG output to the switching elements 311a to 311f based on the control signal output from the waveform shape control signal output unit 420, thereby changing the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f. As a result, the air conditioner 2 can control the generation of noise and loss according to the operating state. In addition, the air conditioner 2 can change the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f while suppressing the increase in circuit scale. The air conditioner 2 can achieve a waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f which cannot be achieved in the method of Patent Document 1 or the like by finely adjusting the gate current_IG or the gate voltage_VG output to the switching elements 311a to 311f in one switching period.

实施方式2.Implementation method 2.

在实施方式1中，针对在空调机2的电力转换装置1中变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状的情况进行了说明。在实施方式2中，针对在空调机2的电力转换装置1中变更换流器130的开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状的情况进行说明。In the first embodiment, the case where the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 is changed in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 is described. In the second embodiment, the case where the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 is changed in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 is described.

图14是示出实施方式2的空调机2的结构例的图。空调机2具备电力转换装置1和马达314。电力转换装置1与商用电源110及马达314连接。电力转换装置1将从商用电源110供给的电源电压Vs的第1交流电力转换成具有所希望的振幅和相位的第2交流电力，供给到马达314。电力转换装置1具备运转状态检测部501、换流器130、电容器210、运转状态检测部502、逆变器310、运转状态检测部503、运转状态检测部504、运转状态检测部505以及控制部400。FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 2. The air conditioner 2 includes a power conversion device 1 and a motor 314. The power conversion device 1 is connected to a commercial power supply 110 and the motor 314. The power conversion device 1 converts a first AC power of a power supply voltage Vs supplied from the commercial power supply 110 into a second AC power having a desired amplitude and phase, and supplies the second AC power to the motor 314. The power conversion device 1 includes an operation state detection unit 501, a converter 130, a capacitor 210, an operation state detection unit 502, an inverter 310, an operation state detection unit 503, an operation state detection unit 504, an operation state detection unit 505, and a control unit 400.

图14所示的实施方式2的电力转换装置1相对于图1所示的实施方式1的电力转换装置1，从逆变器310删除了波形形状变更部340并追加了驱动电路350，从换流器130删除了驱动电路150并追加了波形形状变更部140。此外，图14所示的实施方式2的电力转换装置1相对于图1所示的实施方式1的电力转换装置1，变更了基本脉冲生成部410和波形形状控制信号输出部420的输出目的地。具体而言，基本脉冲生成部410将用于控制换流器130的开关元件136的动作的基本脉冲输出到波形形状控制信号输出部420，将用于控制逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的动作的基本脉冲输出到逆变器310。此外，波形形状控制信号输出部420将用于控制波形形状变更部140的动作的控制信号输出到波形形状变更部140。The power conversion device 1 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 14 is different from the power conversion device 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the waveform shape changer 340 is deleted from the inverter 310 and the drive circuit 350 is added, and the drive circuit 150 is deleted from the converter 130 and the waveform shape changer 140 is added. In addition, the power conversion device 1 of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 14 is different from the power conversion device 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the output destinations of the basic pulse generator 410 and the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 are changed. Specifically, the basic pulse generator 410 outputs the basic pulse for controlling the operation of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 to the waveform shape control signal output unit 420, and outputs the basic pulse for controlling the operation of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 to the inverter 310. In addition, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 outputs the control signal for controlling the operation of the waveform shape changer 140 to the waveform shape changer 140.

在逆变器310中，驱动电路350基于由控制部400的基本脉冲生成部410生成的基本脉冲，生成实际用于驱动开关元件311a～311f的驱动信号。In the inverter 310 , the drive circuit 350 generates a drive signal for actually driving the switching elements 311 a to 311 f based on the basic pulse generated by the basic pulse generating unit 410 of the control unit 400 .

在本实施方式中，波形形状控制信号输出部420根据由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态，设定通过换流器130的波形形状变更部140变更开关元件136的开关波形时的开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状，输出表示所设定的波形形状的控制信号。具体而言，波形形状控制信号输出部420在基于由基本脉冲生成部410生成的用于控制换流器130的开关元件136的动作的基本脉冲将开关元件136接通断开时，控制换流器130的波形形状变更部140为了实际驱动开关元件136而向开关元件136输出的驱动信号的大小以及输出驱动信号的定时。波形形状控制信号输出部420将用于控制波形形状变更部140的动作的控制信号输出到波形形状变更部140。In the present embodiment, the waveform control signal output unit 420 sets the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 when the switching waveform of the switching element 136 is changed by the waveform shape change unit 140 of the converter 130 according to the operating state detected by the operating state detection units 501 to 505, and outputs a control signal indicating the set waveform shape. Specifically, the waveform control signal output unit 420 controls the magnitude of the drive signal output to the switching element 136 and the timing of outputting the drive signal by the waveform shape change unit 140 of the converter 130 in order to actually drive the switching element 136 when the switching element 136 is turned on and off based on the basic pulse for controlling the operation of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 generated by the basic pulse generation unit 410. The waveform control signal output unit 420 outputs the control signal for controlling the operation of the waveform shape change unit 140 to the waveform shape change unit 140.

波形形状变更部140能够变更开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。波形形状变更部140能够输出2个以上的波形形状作为开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。此外，如图14所示，波形形状变更部140包含在换流器130中，该换流器130是包含开关元件136的电力转换器。波形形状变更部140的结构与图7所示的实施方式1的波形形状变更部340的结构相同。即，波形形状变更部140和开关元件136由1个数字栅极驱动器模块构成。此外，也可以是，波形形状变更部140与波形形状变更部340同样，并非调整向开关元件136输出的栅电流I_G而是调整向开关元件136输出的栅电压V_G来作为驱动信号。The waveform shape changing unit 140 can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136. The waveform shape changing unit 140 can output two or more waveform shapes as the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136. In addition, as shown in FIG14, the waveform shape changing unit 140 is included in the inverter 130, which is a power converter including the switching element 136. The structure of the waveform shape changing unit 140 is the same as the structure of the waveform shape changing unit 340 of the first embodiment shown in FIG7. That is, the waveform shape changing unit 140 and the switching element 136 are composed of one digital gate driver module. In addition, it is also possible that the waveform shape changing unit 140, like the waveform shape changing unit 340, does not adjust the gate current_IG output to the switching element 136 but adjusts the gate voltage_VG output to the switching element 136 as a drive signal.

这样，波形形状变更部140能够基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号，针对开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状，将开关元件136的导通期间和截止期间中的至少1个期间分割为2个以上，在分割后的各期间内将针对开关元件136的栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G的振幅变更为不同的大小。此外，波形形状变更部140具备多个晶体管，基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号来变更进行动作的晶体管的数量，由此能够变更栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G的振幅。由此，电力转换装置1通过进行与实施方式1同样的动作，能够通过波形形状控制信号输出部420和波形形状变更部140来变更换流器130的开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。此外，空调机2能够根据运转状态来变更由开关元件136产生的噪声和损耗。In this way, the waveform changer 140 can divide at least one of the on-period and off-period of the switching element 136 into two or more periods for the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 based on the control signal output from the waveform control signal output unit 420, and change the amplitude of the gate current_IG or the gate voltage_VG for the switching element 136 to different sizes in each divided period. In addition, the waveform changer 140 includes a plurality of transistors, and can change the number of transistors to be operated based on the control signal output from the waveform control signal output unit 420, thereby changing the amplitude of the gate current_IG or the gate voltage_VG . Thus, the power conversion device 1 can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 through the waveform control signal output unit 420 and the waveform changer 140 by performing the same operation as in the first embodiment. In addition, the air conditioner 2 can change the noise and loss generated by the switching element 136 according to the operating state.

如以上说明的那样，根据本实施方式，在空调机2的电力转换装置1中，控制部400的波形形状控制信号输出部420根据由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态，输出通过换流器130的波形形状变更部140变更开关元件136的开关波形时的控制信号。换流器130的波形形状变更部140基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号，变更向开关元件136输出的栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G，由此，变更开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。波形形状变更部140能够与实施方式1的波形形状变更部340变更开关元件311a的开关波形的波形形状同样地变更开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。由此，空调机2能够根据运转状态来控制噪声和损耗的产生。此外，空调机2能够抑制电路规模的增大并变更开关元件136的开关速度。空调机2通过在1次开关期间内精细地调整向开关元件136输出的栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G，能够实现在专利文献1等的方式中无法实现的开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 of the control unit 400 outputs a control signal for changing the switching waveform of the switching element 136 by the waveform shape change unit 140 of the inverter 130 according to the operating state detected by the operating state detection units 501 to 505. The waveform shape change unit 140 of the inverter 130 changes the gate current_IG or the gate voltage_VG output to the switching element 136 based on the control signal output from the waveform shape control signal output unit 420, thereby changing the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136. The waveform shape change unit 140 can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 in the same way as the waveform shape change unit 340 of the first embodiment changes the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 311a. Thus, the air conditioner 2 can control the generation of noise and loss according to the operating state. In addition, the air conditioner 2 can change the switching speed of the switching element 136 while suppressing the increase in circuit scale. The air conditioner 2 can achieve a waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 that cannot be achieved in the method of Patent Document 1 or the like by finely adjusting the gate current_IG or the gate voltage_VG output to the switching element 136 during one switching period.

另外，在本实施方式中，成为变更开关元件的波形形状的对象的换流器130的结构不限于图14的例子。图15是示出实施方式2的空调机2的电力转换装置1具备的换流器130的整流部分的第1图。图16是示出实施方式2的空调机2的电力转换装置1具备的换流器130的整流部分的第2图。图17是示出实施方式2的空调机2的电力转换装置1具备的换流器130的整流部分的第3图。在图15至图17中，仅示出与图14的差异，省略波形形状变更部140的记载。如图15所示，在换流器130具备电抗器135、开关元件136a～136d以及续流二极管137a～137d的结构中，波形形状变更部140也可以变更开关元件136a～136d的开关波形的波形形状。此外，如图16所示，在换流器130具备电抗器135、整流元件131～134、开关元件136、续流二极管137以及整流元件131a～134a的结构中，波形形状变更部140也可以变更开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。此外，如图17所示，在连接的商用电源是三相交流电源的商用电源110a、且换流器130具备电抗器135a～135c、整流元件131a～131c、开关元件136a～136c以及续流二极管137a～137c的结构中，波形形状变更部140也可以变更开关元件136a～136c的开关波形的波形形状。In addition, in the present embodiment, the structure of the converter 130 to which the waveform shape of the switching element is changed is not limited to the example of FIG. 14. FIG. 15 is a first diagram showing the rectifying portion of the converter 130 provided in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 16 is a second diagram showing the rectifying portion of the converter 130 provided in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 according to the second embodiment. FIG. 17 is a third diagram showing the rectifying portion of the converter 130 provided in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 15 to FIG. 17, only the difference from FIG. 14 is shown, and the description of the waveform shape changing unit 140 is omitted. As shown in FIG. 15, in the structure in which the converter 130 includes the reactor 135, the switching elements 136a to 136d, and the freewheeling diodes 137a to 137d, the waveform shape changing unit 140 may change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 136a to 136d. In addition, as shown in Fig. 16, in a configuration in which the converter 130 includes the reactor 135, the rectifying elements 131 to 134, the switching element 136, the flyback diode 137, and the rectifying elements 131a to 134a, the waveform shape changing unit 140 may also change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136. In addition, as shown in Fig. 17, in a configuration in which the commercial power source connected is a three-phase AC commercial power source 110a, and the converter 130 includes the reactors 135a to 135c, the rectifying elements 131a to 131c, the switching elements 136a to 136c, and the flyback diodes 137a to 137c, the waveform shape changing unit 140 may also change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 136a to 136c.

实施方式3.Implementation method 3.

在实施方式1中，针对在空调机2的电力转换装置1中变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状的情况进行了说明。在实施方式2中，针对在空调机2的电力转换装置1中变更换流器130的开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状的情况进行了说明。在实施方式3中，针对在空调机2的电力转换装置1中变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状并变更换流器130的开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状的情况进行说明。In the first embodiment, the case where the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 is changed in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 is described. In the second embodiment, the case where the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 is changed in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 is described. In the third embodiment, the case where the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 is changed in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 and the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 is changed is described.

图18是示出实施方式3的空调机2的结构例的图。空调机2具备电力转换装置1和马达314。电力转换装置1与商用电源110及马达314连接。电力转换装置1将从商用电源110供给的电源电压Vs的第1交流电力转换成具有所希望的振幅和相位的第2交流电力，供给到马达314。电力转换装置1具备运转状态检测部501、换流器130、电容器210、运转状态检测部502、逆变器310、运转状态检测部503、运转状态检测部504、运转状态检测部505以及控制部400。FIG18 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 3. The air conditioner 2 includes a power conversion device 1 and a motor 314. The power conversion device 1 is connected to a commercial power supply 110 and the motor 314. The power conversion device 1 converts a first AC power of a power supply voltage Vs supplied from the commercial power supply 110 into a second AC power having a desired amplitude and phase, and supplies the second AC power to the motor 314. The power conversion device 1 includes an operation state detection unit 501, a converter 130, a capacitor 210, an operation state detection unit 502, an inverter 310, an operation state detection unit 503, an operation state detection unit 504, an operation state detection unit 505, and a control unit 400.

图18所示的实施方式3的电力转换装置1相对于图1所示的实施方式1的电力转换装置1，从换流器130删除了驱动电路150并追加了波形形状变更部140。此外，图18所示的实施方式3的电力转换装置1相对于图1所示的实施方式1的电力转换装置1，变更了基本脉冲生成部410和波形形状控制信号输出部420的输出目的地。具体而言，基本脉冲生成部410将用于控制逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的动作的基本脉冲输出到波形形状控制信号输出部420，将用于控制换流器130的开关元件136的动作的基本脉冲输出到波形形状控制信号输出部420。此外，波形形状控制信号输出部420将用于控制波形形状变更部340的动作的控制信号输出到波形形状变更部340，将用于控制波形形状变更部140的动作的控制信号输出到波形形状变更部140。The power conversion device 1 of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 18 is different from the power conversion device 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the drive circuit 150 is deleted from the converter 130 and a waveform shape changer 140 is added. In addition, the power conversion device 1 of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 18 is different from the power conversion device 1 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the output destinations of the basic pulse generator 410 and the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 are changed. Specifically, the basic pulse generator 410 outputs the basic pulse for controlling the operation of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 to the waveform shape control signal output unit 420, and outputs the basic pulse for controlling the operation of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 to the waveform shape control signal output unit 420. In addition, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 outputs the control signal for controlling the operation of the waveform shape changer 340 to the waveform shape changer 340, and outputs the control signal for controlling the operation of the waveform shape changer 140 to the waveform shape changer 140.

在本实施方式中，波形形状控制信号输出部420与实施方式1中说明的动作一起进行实施方式2中说明的动作。此外，在本实施方式中，波形形状变更部340进行与实施方式1中说明的动作同样的动作，波形形状变更部140进行与实施方式2中说明的动作同样的动作。由此，电力转换装置1通过进行与实施方式1同样的动作，能够通过波形形状控制信号输出部420和波形形状变更部340来变更逆变器310的开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状。此外，电力转换装置1通过进行与实施方式2同样的动作，能够通过波形形状控制信号输出部420和波形形状变更部140来变更换流器130的开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。In the present embodiment, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 performs the operation described in the second embodiment together with the operation described in the first embodiment. In addition, in the present embodiment, the waveform shape change unit 340 performs the same operation as the operation described in the first embodiment, and the waveform shape change unit 140 performs the same operation as the operation described in the second embodiment. Thus, the power conversion device 1 can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f of the inverter 310 through the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 and the waveform shape change unit 340 by performing the same operation as the first embodiment. In addition, the power conversion device 1 can change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136 of the converter 130 through the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 and the waveform shape change unit 140 by performing the same operation as the second embodiment.

另外，在本实施方式中，电力转换装置1也能够进行如下控制：在某个定时，波形形状变更部140、340中的一方变更开关元件的开关波形的波形形状，另一方不变更开关元件的开关波形的波形形状。在本实施方式中，作为电力转换装置1的波形形状变更部140、340变更开关元件的开关波形的对象的开关元件是在电力转换装置1中进行电力转换的1个以上的电力转换器中的至少1个电力转换器所包含的1个以上的开关元件。In addition, in the present embodiment, the power conversion device 1 can also perform the following control: at a certain timing, one of the waveform shape changers 140 and 340 changes the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element, while the other does not change the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element. In the present embodiment, the switching element as the object of the switching waveform of the switching element changed by the waveform shape changer 140 and 340 of the power conversion device 1 is one or more switching elements included in at least one of the one or more power converters that perform power conversion in the power conversion device 1.

如以上说明的那样，根据本实施方式，在空调机2的电力转换装置1中，控制部400的波形形状控制信号输出部420根据由运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态，输出通过逆变器310的波形形状变更部340变更开关元件311a～311f的开关波形时的控制信号，并输出通过换流器130的波形形状变更部140变更开关元件136的开关波形时的控制信号。逆变器310的波形形状变更部340基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号，来变更向开关元件311a～311f输出的栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G，由此，变更开关元件311a～311f的开关波形的波形形状。此外，换流器130的波形形状变更部140基于从波形形状控制信号输出部420输出的控制信号，来变更向开关元件136输出的栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G，由此，变更开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。由此，空调机2能够根据运转状态来控制噪声和损耗的产生。此外，空调机2能够抑制电路规模的增大并变更开关元件311a～311f和开关元件136的开关速度。空调机2通过在1次开关期间内精细地调整向开关元件311a～311f和开关元件136输出的栅电流I_G或栅电压V_G，能够实现在专利文献1等的方式中无法实现的开关元件311a～311f和开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。As described above, according to the present embodiment, in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 of the control unit 400 outputs a control signal when the waveform shape change unit 340 of the inverter 310 changes the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f, and outputs a control signal when the waveform shape change unit 140 of the converter 130 changes the switching waveform of the switching element 136, based on the operating state detected by the operating state detection units 501 to 505. The waveform shape change unit 340 of the inverter 310 changes the gate current_IG or the gate voltage_VG output to the switching elements 311a to 311f based on the control signal output from the waveform shape control signal output unit 420, thereby changing the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f. In addition, the waveform shape changing unit 140 of the inverter 130 changes the gate current_IG or gate voltage_VG output to the switching element 136 based on the control signal output from the waveform shape control signal output unit 420, thereby changing the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching element 136. As a result, the air conditioner 2 can control the generation of noise and loss according to the operation state. In addition, the air conditioner 2 can change the switching speed of the switching elements 311a to 311f and the switching element 136 while suppressing the increase in circuit scale. The air conditioner 2 can achieve the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f and the switching element 136 by finely adjusting the gate current_IG or gate voltage_VG output to the switching elements 311a to 311f and the switching element 136 within one switching period, which cannot be achieved in the method of Patent Document 1 and the like.

实施方式4.Implementation method 4.

在实施方式1至实施方式3中，空调机2的电力转换装置1根据搭载于空调机2的马达314等的负载状态，变更了开关元件311a～311f和开关元件136的开关波形的波形形状。在实施方式4中，针对判定电力转换装置1的负载状态的方法进行说明。以下，以实施方式1的电力转换装置1为例具体地进行说明。In Embodiments 1 to 3, the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 changes the waveform shape of the switching waveform of the switching elements 311a to 311f and the switching element 136 according to the load state of the motor 314 and the like mounted on the air conditioner 2. In Embodiment 4, a method for determining the load state of the power conversion device 1 is described. Hereinafter, the power conversion device 1 of Embodiment 1 is specifically described as an example.

空调机2的运转状态根据动作状态大幅变化。例如，空调机2在作为空调控制对象的室内，在用户的设定温度即用户的希望温度与当前的室内温度的温度差较大的情况下，搭载于空调机2的电力转换装置1的负载变大。另一方面，在用户的希望温度与当前的室内温度的温度差较小的情况下，搭载于空调机2的电力转换装置1的负载变小。The operating state of the air conditioner 2 changes greatly depending on the operating state. For example, when the temperature difference between the user's set temperature, i.e., the user's desired temperature, and the current indoor temperature in the room that is the air conditioning control object is large, the load of the power conversion device 1 mounted on the air conditioner 2 becomes large. On the other hand, when the temperature difference between the user's desired temperature and the current indoor temperature is small, the load of the power conversion device 1 mounted on the air conditioner 2 becomes small.

关于负载状态，电力转换装置1能够根据电流值例如运转状态检测部501～505的检测值来检测流过各部的电流、向各部施加的电压等。此外，关于负载状态，电力转换装置1能够根据温度例如空调机2具备的室内机的未图示的温度传感器的检测值、室外机的未图示的温度传感器的检测值等来检测温度。另外，电力转换装置1也可以在逆变器310的基板周边具备温度传感器来检测逆变器310的基板周边的温度，还可以在马达314的周边具备温度传感器来检测马达314的周边的温度。此外，关于负载状态，电力转换装置1能够根据在控制部400的控制的过程中生成的指令值、或者在控制部400的控制的过程中根据运转频率而估计的估计值等，直接或间接地检测运转速度，例如作为马达314的压缩机马达、风扇马达等的运转速度。这样，通过以逆变器310、马达314等为检测对象的检测运转状态的运转状态检测部501～505的检测值、在控制部400的控制的过程中生成的指令值、以及在控制部400的控制的过程中估计的估计值中的至少一方，得到负载状态。Regarding the load state, the power conversion device 1 can detect the current flowing through each part, the voltage applied to each part, etc. based on the current value, such as the detection value of the operating state detection unit 501 to 505. In addition, regarding the load state, the power conversion device 1 can detect the temperature based on the temperature, such as the detection value of the temperature sensor (not shown) of the indoor unit of the air conditioner 2, the detection value of the temperature sensor (not shown) of the outdoor unit, etc. In addition, the power conversion device 1 can also be equipped with a temperature sensor around the substrate of the inverter 310 to detect the temperature around the substrate of the inverter 310, and can also be equipped with a temperature sensor around the motor 314 to detect the temperature around the motor 314. In addition, regarding the load state, the power conversion device 1 can directly or indirectly detect the operating speed, such as the operating speed of the compressor motor, fan motor, etc. as the motor 314, based on the command value generated during the control of the control unit 400, or the estimated value estimated based on the operating frequency during the control of the control unit 400. In this way, the load state is obtained by at least one of the detection values of the operating state detection units 501 to 505 that detect the operating state of the inverter 310, motor 314, etc., the instruction values generated during the control process of the control unit 400, and the estimated values estimated during the control process of the control unit 400.

此外，电力转换装置1还能够根据空调机2的空调条件来判定空调机2的运转状态。空调机2的空调条件例如具有制冷中间条件、制冷额定条件、制热中间条件、制热额定条件等。Furthermore, the power conversion device 1 can determine the operating state of the air conditioner 2 based on the air conditioning conditions of the air conditioner 2. The air conditioning conditions of the air conditioner 2 include, for example, cooling intermediate conditions, cooling rated conditions, heating intermediate conditions, and heating rated conditions.

在空调机2通过用户操作而刚刚开始进入了制冷动作模式的运转后，是室内温度与设定的温度偏离的状态。压缩机等中使用的马达314以高速旋转进行运转，是工作量大的状态。这样的状态表示被称为制冷额定条件的空调条件，功耗高，即处于重负载的状态。在空调机2以制冷额定条件充分地进行了动作的时间点，是室内温度与设定的温度接近的状态。压缩机等中使用的马达314转移到低速旋转而运转，成为工作量小的状态。这样的状态表示被称为制冷中间条件的空调条件，功耗低，即处于低负载的状态。After the air conditioner 2 has just started to operate in the cooling action mode through user operation, the indoor temperature deviates from the set temperature. The motor 314 used in the compressor, etc. is running at a high speed, which is a state of heavy workload. Such a state represents an air-conditioning condition called a cooling rated condition, and the power consumption is high, that is, a heavy load state. At the time point when the air conditioner 2 has fully operated under the cooling rated condition, the indoor temperature is close to the set temperature. The motor 314 used in the compressor, etc. is transferred to a low speed rotation and operation, and the workload is small. Such a state represents an air-conditioning condition called a cooling intermediate condition, and the power consumption is low, that is, a low load state.

此外，在空调机2通过用户操作而刚刚开始进入了制热动作模式的运转后，是室内温度与设定的温度偏离的状态。压缩机等中使用的马达314以高速旋转进行运转，是工作量大的状态。这样的状态表示被称为制热额定条件的空调条件，功耗高，即处于重负载的状态。在空调机2以制热额定条件充分地进行了动作的时间点，是室内温度与设定的温度接近的状态。压缩机等中使用的马达314转移到低速旋转而运转，成为工作量小的状态。这样的状态表示被称为制热中间条件的空调条件，功耗低，即处于低负载的状态。另外，关于空调机2的空调条件，存在被称为制热低温条件的空调条件，该制热低温条件是外部气温比制热额定条件时低的环境下的动作模式。制热低温条件的负载比制热额定条件大，功耗处于更加高的状态。In addition, after the air conditioner 2 has just started to enter the operation of the heating action mode by the user's operation, the indoor temperature is in a state of deviation from the set temperature. The motor 314 used in the compressor, etc. is operated at a high speed, which is a state of heavy workload. Such a state represents an air-conditioning condition called the heating rated condition, and the power consumption is high, that is, it is in a heavy load state. At the time point when the air conditioner 2 fully operates under the heating rated condition, the indoor temperature is close to the set temperature. The motor 314 used in the compressor, etc. is transferred to a low-speed rotation and operates, and it becomes a state of small workload. Such a state represents an air-conditioning condition called the heating intermediate condition, and the power consumption is low, that is, it is in a low load state. In addition, regarding the air-conditioning condition of the air conditioner 2, there is an air-conditioning condition called the heating low temperature condition, which is an operation mode in an environment where the external temperature is lower than the heating rated condition. The load of the heating low temperature condition is larger than the heating rated condition, and the power consumption is in a higher state.

这样，波形形状控制信号输出部420在空调机2的运转状态为制冷中间条件和制热中间条件的情况下，为轻负载运转，在空调机2的运转状态为制冷额定条件、制热额定条件以及其他的空气温度条件的情况下，为重负载运转。In this way, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 is in light load operation when the operating state of the air conditioner 2 is the intermediate cooling condition and the intermediate heating condition, and is in heavy load operation when the operating state of the air conditioner 2 is the rated cooling condition, the rated heating condition and other air temperature conditions.

此外，也可以是，波形形状控制信号输出部420在外部气温与空调机2的设定温度的差分小于规定的阈值的情况下，为轻负载运转，在外部气温与空调机2的设定温度的差分为规定的阈值以上的情况下，为重负载运转。In addition, the waveform control signal output unit 420 may be configured to operate in light load mode when the difference between the external temperature and the set temperature of the air conditioner 2 is less than a specified threshold, and to operate in heavy load mode when the difference between the external temperature and the set temperature of the air conditioner 2 is greater than a specified threshold.

此外，也可以是，波形形状控制信号输出部420在从作为电力转换器的逆变器310输出的负载电流和负载功率中的至少一方小于规定的阈值的情况下，为轻负载运转，在从逆变器310输出的负载电流和负载功率中的至少一方为规定的阈值以上的情况下，为重负载运转。In addition, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 may be in light load operation when at least one of the load current and load power output from the inverter 310 serving as a power converter is less than a prescribed threshold value, and may be in heavy load operation when at least one of the load current and load power output from the inverter 310 is greater than a prescribed threshold value.

此外，波形形状控制信号输出部420在向作为电力转换器的逆变器310或换流器130输入的输入电流和输入功率中的至少一方小于规定的阈值的情况下，为轻负载运转，在向作为电力转换器的逆变器310或换流器130输入的输入电流和输入功率中的至少一方为规定的阈值以上的情况下，为重负载运转。In addition, the waveform shape control signal output unit 420 is in light load operation when at least one of the input current and input power input to the inverter 310 or converter 130 as a power converter is less than a specified threshold value, and is in heavy load operation when at least one of the input current and input power input to the inverter 310 or converter 130 as a power converter is greater than a specified threshold value.

实施方式5.Implementation method 5.

针对在实施方式1至实施方式4的电力转换装置1中作为马达314的无传感器控制而应用自适应观测器的情况进行说明。具体而言，以实施方式1的电力转换装置1为例进行说明。A description will be given of a case where an adaptive observer is applied as sensorless control of the motor 314 in the power conversion device 1 of Embodiments 1 to 4. Specifically, the description will be given by taking the power conversion device 1 of Embodiment 1 as an example.

图19是示出实施方式5的空调机2的结构例的图。空调机2具备电力转换装置1和马达314。图19所示的实施方式5的电力转换装置1相对于图1所示的实施方式1的电力转换装置1，追加了速度估计装置101。另外，在图19中，关于电力转换装置1内的换流器130、逆变器310以及控制部400，简化了记载。图20是示出实施方式5的空调机2的电力转换装置1具备的速度估计装置101的结构例的图。速度估计装置101通过自适应观测器的方法，使用向马达314施加的电压向量和电流向量，对马达314的旋转速度进行估计，作为估计角速度ω＾_r而输出。FIG. 19 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 5. The air conditioner 2 includes a power conversion device 1 and a motor 314. The power conversion device 1 according to Embodiment 5 shown in FIG. 19 is provided with a speed estimation device 101 in addition to the power conversion device 1 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG. 1. In FIG. 19, the description of the converter 130, the inverter 310, and the control unit 400 in the power conversion device 1 is simplified. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a speed estimation device 101 included in the power conversion device 1 of the air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 5. The speed estimation device 101 estimates the rotation speed of the motor 314 using the voltage vector and the current vector applied to the motor 314 by an adaptive observer method, and outputs the estimated angular velocity ω^_r .

速度估计装置101具备：模型偏差运算部11，其基于电压向量、电流向量以及估计角速度ω＾_r，来运算模型偏差ε；以及第1角速度估计部21，其基于模型偏差ε，来运算实际角速度的包含直流成分在内的低频成分作为第1估计角速度ω＾_r1。此外，速度估计装置101具备：第2角速度估计部22，其基于包含在模型偏差ε中的特定的高频成分，来运算实际角速度的高频成分作为第2估计角速度ω＾_r2；以及加法器23，其通过将第2估计角速度ω＾_r2与第1估计角速度ω＾_r1相加，来运算估计角速度ω＾_r。速度估计装置101在具备第2角速度估计部22这一点具有特征。速度估计装置101将第1估计角速度ω＾_r1与第2估计角速度ω＾_r2的相加值作为估计角速度ω＾_r反馈到模型偏差运算部11。The speed estimation device 101 includes: a model deviation calculation unit 11 that calculates a model deviation ε based on a voltage vector, a current vector, and an estimated angular velocity ω＾_r ; and a first angular velocity estimation unit 21 that calculates a low-frequency component including a DC component of an actual angular velocity as a first estimated angular velocity ω＾_r1 based on the model deviation ε. In addition, the speed estimation device 101 includes: a second angular velocity estimation unit 22 that calculates a high-frequency component of the actual angular velocity as a second estimated angular velocity ω＾_r2 based on a specific high-frequency component included in the model deviation ε; and an adder 23 that calculates the estimated angular velocity ω＾_r by adding the second estimated angular velocity ω＾_r2 to the first estimated angular velocity ω＾_r1 . The speed estimation device 101 is characterized in that it includes the second angular velocity estimation unit 22. The velocity estimation device 101 feeds back the added value of the first estimated angular velocity ω＾_r1 and the second estimated angular velocity ω＾_r2 to the model deviation calculation unit 11 as the estimated angular velocity ω＾_r .

模型偏差运算部11具备：电流估计器12，其基于马达314的电压向量、电流向量以及估计角速度ω＾_r，运算并输出估计磁通向量和估计电流向量；减法器13，其从估计电流向量减去电流向量，运算并输出电流偏差向量；以及偏差运算器14，其将电流偏差向量作为输入，提取估计磁通向量的正交成分作为标量，输出该值作为模型偏差ε。作为提取估计磁通向量的正交成分作为标量的方法，公知有将电流偏差向量在两个旋转轴上进行坐标转换的方法、以及运算电流偏差向量与估计磁通向量的外积值的大小的方法。The model deviation calculation unit 11 includes: a current estimator 12 that calculates and outputs an estimated magnetic flux vector and an estimated current vector based on a voltage vector, a current vector, and an estimated angular velocity ω^_r of the motor 314; a subtractor 13 that subtracts the current vector from the estimated current vector to calculate and output a current deviation vector; and a deviation calculator 14 that takes the current deviation vector as an input, extracts an orthogonal component of the estimated magnetic flux vector as a scalar, and outputs the value as a model deviation ε. As a method of extracting the orthogonal component of the estimated magnetic flux vector as a scalar, there are known methods of performing coordinate transformation of the current deviation vector on two rotation axes and a method of calculating the size of the outer product value of the current deviation vector and the estimated magnetic flux vector.

电流估计器12根据马达314的状态方程式来估计电流和磁通。这里，假定为马达314是通常的嵌入磁铁型同步交流电动机，但即便是嵌入磁铁型同步交流电动机以外的马达314，只要状态方程式能够成立，则电流估计器12也能够通过同样的方法进行电流估计。嵌入磁铁型同步交流电动机以外的马达314能够例示表面磁铁型同步电动机、感应电动机等。此外，在本实施方式中，关于旋转型马达进行说明，但直动型马达也能够应用同样的技术。这是因为，能够解释为“直动型马达是转子半径无限大的旋转型马达”。The current estimator 12 estimates the current and the magnetic flux based on the state equation of the motor 314. Here, it is assumed that the motor 314 is a conventional embedded magnet type synchronous AC motor, but even if the motor 314 is other than the embedded magnet type synchronous AC motor, as long as the state equation is established, the current estimator 12 can also perform current estimation by the same method. The motor 314 other than the embedded magnet type synchronous AC motor can be exemplified by a surface magnet type synchronous motor, an induction motor, etc. In addition, in this embodiment, the rotary motor is described, but the same technology can also be applied to the direct-acting motor. This is because it can be interpreted as "the direct-acting motor is a rotary motor with an infinite rotor radius".

这样，空调机2能够应用自适应观测器作为马达314的无传感器控制。In this way, the air conditioner 2 can apply the adaptive observer as the sensorless control of the motor 314 .

实施方式6.Implementation method 6.

针对在实施方式1至实施方式3的电力转换装置1中进行能够抑制平滑用的电容器210的劣化并抑制装置大型化的控制的情况进行说明。具体而言，以实施方式1的电力转换装置1为例进行说明。A case where control is performed in the power conversion device 1 of Embodiments 1 to 3 to suppress degradation of the capacitor 210 for smoothing and suppress increase in size of the device will be described. Specifically, the power conversion device 1 of Embodiment 1 will be described as an example.

图21是示出实施方式6的空调机2的结构例的图。空调机2具备电力转换装置1和马达314。图21所示的实施方式6的电力转换装置1的结构是与图1所示的实施方式1的电力转换装置1同样的结构。换流器130是具有由整流元件131～134构成的桥电路、并对从商用电源110供给的电源电压Vs的第1交流电力进行整流而输出的整流部。FIG21 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 6. The air conditioner 2 includes a power conversion device 1 and a motor 314. The configuration of the power conversion device 1 according to Embodiment 6 shown in FIG21 is the same as the configuration of the power conversion device 1 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG1 . The inverter 130 is a rectifier unit that has a bridge circuit composed of rectifier elements 131 to 134 and rectifies the first AC power of the power supply voltage Vs supplied from the commercial power supply 110 and outputs the rectified power.

在本实施方式中，控制部400对逆变器310的动作进行控制，使得将第2交流电力从逆变器310输出到作为负载的马达314，该第2交流电力包含与从作为整流部的换流器130向电容器210流入的电力的脉动相应的脉动。与向电容器210流入的电力的脉动相应的脉动例如是根据向电容器210流入的电力的脉动的频率等而变动的脉动。由此，控制部400抑制流过电容器210的电流。另外，控制部400也可以不使用从各检测部取得的全部的检测值，也可以使用一部分检测值进行控制。In the present embodiment, the control unit 400 controls the operation of the inverter 310 so that the second AC power including the pulsation corresponding to the pulsation of the power flowing from the converter 130 as the rectifier to the capacitor 210 is output from the inverter 310 to the motor 314 as the load. The pulsation corresponding to the pulsation of the power flowing into the capacitor 210 is, for example, a pulsation that varies according to the frequency of the pulsation of the power flowing into the capacitor 210. Thus, the control unit 400 suppresses the current flowing through the capacitor 210. In addition, the control unit 400 may not use all the detection values obtained from each detection unit, but may use a part of the detection values for control.

对电力转换装置1具备的控制部400的动作进行说明。在本实施方式中，在电力转换装置1中，由逆变器310和马达314产生的负载能够视为恒定的负载，在通过从电容器210输出的电流观察的情况下，设为在电容器210连接有恒流负载，进行以后的说明。这里，如图21所示，设从换流器130流动的电流为电流I1，设流向逆变器310的电流为电流I2，设从电容器210流动的电流为电流I3。电流I2成为将电流I1与电流I3合并后的电流。电流I3能够表示为电流I2与电流I1的差分，即电流I2-电流I1。对于电流I3，设电容器210的放电方向为正方向，设电容器210的充电方向为负方向。即，有时电流向电容器210流入，有时电流从电容器210流出。The operation of the control unit 400 provided in the power conversion device 1 is described. In the present embodiment, in the power conversion device 1, the load generated by the inverter 310 and the motor 314 can be regarded as a constant load. When observing the current output from the capacitor 210, it is assumed that a constant current load is connected to the capacitor 210, and the following description is made. Here, as shown in FIG. 21, the current flowing from the converter 130 is assumed to be the current I1, the current flowing to the inverter 310 is assumed to be the current I2, and the current flowing from the capacitor 210 is assumed to be the current I3. The current I2 becomes the current after the current I1 and the current I3 are combined. The current I3 can be expressed as the difference between the current I2 and the current I1, that is, the current I2-current I1. For the current I3, the discharge direction of the capacitor 210 is assumed to be the positive direction, and the charging direction of the capacitor 210 is assumed to be the negative direction. That is, sometimes the current flows into the capacitor 210, and sometimes the current flows out of the capacitor 210.

图22是作为比较例而示出通过电容器210将从换流器130输出的电流平滑化而使流向逆变器310的电流I2成为恒定的情况下的各电流I1～I3和电容器210的电容器电压Vdc的例子的图。从上依次示出电流I1、电流I2、电流I3、以及对应于电流I3而产生的电容器210的电容器电压Vdc。电流I1、I2、I3的纵轴表示电流值，电容器电压Vdc的纵轴表示电压值。横轴全部表示时间t。另外，在电流I2、I3中，实际上叠加有逆变器310的载波成分，但这里省略。以后也相同。如图22所示，在电力转换装置1中，假设在从换流器130流动的电流I1通过电容器210被充分地平滑化的情况下，流向逆变器310的电流I2成为恒定的电流值。但是，在电容器210中流动较大的电流I3，成为劣化的主要原因。因此，在本实施方式中，在电力转换装置1中，控制部400控制流向逆变器310的电流I2，即控制逆变器310的动作，使得降低流向电容器210的电流I3。FIG. 22 is a diagram showing, as a comparative example, each current I1 to I3 and a capacitor voltage Vdc of the capacitor 210 when the current output from the converter 130 is smoothed by the capacitor 210 so that the current I2 flowing to the inverter 310 becomes constant. From the top, the current I1, the current I2, the current I3, and the capacitor voltage Vdc of the capacitor 210 generated corresponding to the current I3 are shown in sequence. The vertical axis of the currents I1, I2, and I3 represents the current value, and the vertical axis of the capacitor voltage Vdc represents the voltage value. The horizontal axis represents the time t. In addition, in the currents I2 and I3, the carrier component of the inverter 310 is actually superimposed, but it is omitted here. The same applies to the following. As shown in FIG. 22, in the power conversion device 1, it is assumed that the current I1 flowing from the converter 130 is sufficiently smoothed by the capacitor 210, and the current I2 flowing to the inverter 310 becomes a constant current value. However, the large current I3 flowing in the capacitor 210 becomes the main cause of deterioration. Therefore, in the present embodiment, in the power conversion device 1 , the control unit 400 controls the current I2 flowing to the inverter 310 , that is, controls the operation of the inverter 310 so as to reduce the current I3 flowing to the capacitor 210 .

图23是示出实施方式6的空调机2具备的电力转换装置1的控制部400对逆变器310的动作进行控制而降低了流过电容器210的电流I3时的各电流I1～I3和电容器210的电容器电压Vdc的例子的图。从上依次示出电流I1、电流I2、电流I3、以及对应于电流I3而产生的电容器210的电容器电压Vdc。电流I1、I2、I3的纵轴表示电流值，电容器电压Vdc的纵轴表示电压值。横轴全部表示时间t。电力转换装置1的控制部400对逆变器310的动作进行控制，使得图23所示的电流I2流向逆变器310，由此，与图22的例子相比，能够降低从换流器130向电容器210流入的电流的频率成分，降低流向电容器210的电流I3。具体而言，控制部400对逆变器310的动作进行控制，使得包含以电流I1的频率成分为主成分的脉动电流的电流I2流向逆变器310。FIG. 23 is a diagram showing an example of each current I1 to I3 and a capacitor voltage Vdc of the capacitor 210 when the control unit 400 of the power conversion device 1 provided in the air conditioner 2 of Embodiment 6 controls the operation of the inverter 310 to reduce the current I3 flowing through the capacitor 210. From the top, the current I1, the current I2, the current I3, and the capacitor voltage Vdc of the capacitor 210 generated in response to the current I3 are shown in sequence. The vertical axis of the currents I1, I2, and I3 represents the current value, and the vertical axis of the capacitor voltage Vdc represents the voltage value. The horizontal axis represents the time t in its entirety. The control unit 400 of the power conversion device 1 controls the operation of the inverter 310 so that the current I2 shown in FIG. 23 flows to the inverter 310. As a result, the frequency component of the current flowing from the converter 130 to the capacitor 210 can be reduced compared to the example of FIG. 22, and the current I3 flowing to the capacitor 210 can be reduced. Specifically, the control unit 400 controls the operation of the inverter 310 so that the current I2 including the pulsating current having the frequency component of the current I1 as a main component flows into the inverter 310 .

这样，在电力转换装置1中，控制部400对作为电力转换器的逆变器310的动作进行控制，使得与运转状态检测部501～505检测到的运转状态相应的脉动从逆变器310叠加到与逆变器310连接的马达314的驱动样式，从而抑制电容器210的充放电电流。由此，空调机2能够抑制平滑用的电容器210的劣化。In this way, in the power conversion device 1, the control unit 400 controls the operation of the inverter 310 as the power converter so that the pulsation corresponding to the operating state detected by the operating state detection units 501 to 505 is superimposed from the inverter 310 to the driving pattern of the motor 314 connected to the inverter 310, thereby suppressing the charging and discharging current of the capacitor 210. As a result, the air conditioner 2 can suppress the degradation of the capacitor 210 for smoothing.

实施方式7.Implementation method 7.

说明在实施方式1至实施方式3的电力转换装置1中，进行如下控制的情况：在使将作为交流电源的商用电源110短接的短接部的开关次数与负载条件对应地变化的情况下，也能够抑制直流电压的变动。具体而言，以实施方式1的电力转换装置1为例进行说明。The following describes a control in which the power conversion device 1 of Embodiments 1 to 3 is controlled so that the change in DC voltage can be suppressed even when the number of switching operations of the short-circuit portion that short-circuits the commercial power supply 110 as an AC power supply is changed in accordance with the load conditions. Specifically, the power conversion device 1 of Embodiment 1 is used as an example for description.

图24是示出实施方式7的空调机2的结构例的图。空调机2具备电力转换装置1和马达314。图24所示的实施方式7的电力转换装置1相对于图1所示的实施方式1的电力转换装置1，删除了换流器130和电容器210，追加了电抗器135、整流部170以及短接部30。整流部170包括由4个整流元件131～134构成的整流电路、以及连接在整流电路的输出端之间且将从整流电路输出的全波整流波形的电压平滑化的电容器210。整流部170对从商用电源110供给的第1交流电力进行整流而输出。FIG24 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner 2 according to Embodiment 7. The air conditioner 2 includes a power conversion device 1 and a motor 314. The power conversion device 1 according to Embodiment 7 shown in FIG24 is different from the power conversion device 1 according to Embodiment 1 shown in FIG1 in that the converter 130 and the capacitor 210 are deleted and a reactor 135, a rectifier 170, and a short-circuit 30 are added. The rectifier 170 includes a rectifier circuit composed of four rectifier elements 131 to 134 and a capacitor 210 connected between output terminals of the rectifier circuit and smoothing the voltage of a full-wave rectified waveform output from the rectifier circuit. The rectifier 170 rectifies the first AC power supplied from the commercial power supply 110 and outputs the rectifier.

短接部30经由电抗器135将商用电源110短接。短接部30包括经由电抗器135而与商用电源110并联连接的二极管桥31、以及与二极管桥31的两个输出端连接的短接元件32。在短接元件32是金属氧化膜半导体场效应晶体管的情况下为如下结构：短接元件32的栅极与控制部400连接，短接元件32通过来自控制部400的驱动信号而接通断开。当短接元件32被接通时，商用电源110经由电抗器135和二极管桥31而短接。The short-circuit section 30 short-circuits the commercial power source 110 via the reactor 135. The short-circuit section 30 includes a diode bridge 31 connected in parallel to the commercial power source 110 via the reactor 135, and a short-circuit element 32 connected to two output ends of the diode bridge 31. When the short-circuit element 32 is a metal oxide film semiconductor field effect transistor, the short-circuit element 32 has a gate connected to the control section 400, and the short-circuit element 32 is turned on and off by a drive signal from the control section 400. When the short-circuit element 32 is turned on, the commercial power source 110 is short-circuited via the reactor 135 and the diode bridge 31.

控制部400对短接部30的短接动作进行控制。控制部400通过短接动作模式的电流开环控制，对短接元件32的接通断开进行控制，使得短接部30在电源半周期内至少短接2次以上。控制部400基于负载条件，使短接部30在商用电源110的半周期内至少短接2次以上。由此，空调机2在使将商用电源110短接的短接部30的开关次数与负载条件对应地变化的情况下，也能够抑制直流电压的变动。The control unit 400 controls the short-circuiting operation of the short-circuiting unit 30. The control unit 400 controls the on and off of the short-circuiting element 32 by the current open-loop control in the short-circuiting operation mode, so that the short-circuiting unit 30 is short-circuited at least twice in a half cycle of the power supply. The control unit 400 short-circuits the short-circuiting unit 30 at least twice in a half cycle of the commercial power supply 110 based on the load condition. Thus, the air conditioner 2 can suppress the variation of the DC voltage even when the number of switching of the short-circuiting unit 30 that short-circuits the commercial power supply 110 is changed in accordance with the load condition.

实施方式8.Implementation method 8.

图25是示出实施方式8的空调机900的结构例的图。实施方式8的空调机900用于更加详细地说明在实施方式1中说明的空调机2的结构。实施方式8的空调机900也可以是在实施方式2至实施方式7中说明的空调机2。另外，在图25中，针对具有与实施方式1同样的功能的结构要素，标注有与实施方式1相同的标号。FIG25 is a diagram showing a configuration example of an air conditioner 900 according to Embodiment 8. The air conditioner 900 according to Embodiment 8 is used to explain the configuration of the air conditioner 2 described in Embodiment 1 in more detail. The air conditioner 900 according to Embodiment 8 may also be the air conditioner 2 described in Embodiments 2 to 7. In FIG25 , the same reference numerals as those in Embodiment 1 are given to the configuration elements having the same functions as those in Embodiment 1.

在空调机900中，经由制冷剂配管912安装有实施方式1中的内置有马达314的压缩机315、四通阀902、室内热交换器906、膨胀阀908以及室外热交换器910。In the air conditioner 900 , the compressor 315 having the motor 314 built therein, the four-way valve 902 , the indoor heat exchanger 906 , the expansion valve 908 , and the outdoor heat exchanger 910 in Embodiment 1 are installed via a refrigerant pipe 912 .

在压缩机315的内部，设置有对制冷剂进行压缩的压缩机构904、以及使压缩机构904进行动作的马达314。A compression mechanism 904 for compressing the refrigerant and a motor 314 for operating the compression mechanism 904 are provided inside the compressor 315 .

空调机900能够通过四通阀902的切换动作进行制热运转或制冷运转。压缩机构904由被进行可变速控制的马达314驱动。The air conditioner 900 can perform heating operation or cooling operation by switching the four-way valve 902. The compression mechanism 904 is driven by a motor 314 that is subjected to variable speed control.

在制热运转时，如实线箭头所示，制冷剂被压缩机构904加压后送出，通过四通阀902、室内热交换器906、膨胀阀908、室外热交换器910及四通阀902返回到压缩机构904。During heating operation, as shown by the solid arrow, the refrigerant is pressurized by the compression mechanism 904 and then sent out, and returns to the compression mechanism 904 through the four-way valve 902, the indoor heat exchanger 906, the expansion valve 908, the outdoor heat exchanger 910 and the four-way valve 902.

在制冷运转时，如虚线箭头所示，制冷剂被压缩机构904加压后送出，通过四通阀902、室外热交换器910、膨胀阀908、室内热交换器906及四通阀902返回到压缩机构904。During cooling operation, as shown by the dotted arrow, the refrigerant is pressurized by the compression mechanism 904 and sent out, and returns to the compression mechanism 904 through the four-way valve 902, the outdoor heat exchanger 910, the expansion valve 908, the indoor heat exchanger 906 and the four-way valve 902.

在制热运转时，室内热交换器906作为冷凝器发挥作用进行热释放，室外热交换器910作为蒸发器发挥作用进行热吸收。在制冷运转时，室外热交换器910作为冷凝器发挥作用进行热释放，室内热交换器906作为蒸发器发挥作用进行热吸收。膨胀阀908将制冷剂减压而使其膨胀。During heating operation, the indoor heat exchanger 906 functions as a condenser to release heat, and the outdoor heat exchanger 910 functions as an evaporator to absorb heat. During cooling operation, the outdoor heat exchanger 910 functions as a condenser to release heat, and the indoor heat exchanger 906 functions as an evaporator to absorb heat. The expansion valve 908 decompresses the refrigerant to expand it.

这里，在空调机900具备的电力转换装置1中，由包含在逆变器310中的波形形状变更部340和开关元件311a～311f构成的数字栅极驱动器模块在开关速度较快时，浪涌电压变大，产生较多的电磁噪声。空调机900在使用具有燃烧性的制冷剂的情况下，当制冷剂泄漏时，可能由于电磁噪声导致的放电而燃烧。因此，空调机900根据空调机900所使用的制冷剂的燃烧性，来设定电力转换装置1具备的数字栅极驱动器模块的开关速度。例如，空调机900所使用的制冷剂的燃烧性越高，则空调机900使电力转换装置1具备的数字栅极驱动器模块的开关速度越慢。空调机900能够通过使数字栅极驱动器模块的开关速度变慢来减小浪涌电压，抑制电磁噪声导致的放电的产生，由此，假设即便在从空调机900泄漏了制冷剂的情况下也能够防止燃烧。Here, in the power conversion device 1 equipped with the air conditioner 900, the digital gate driver module composed of the waveform shape changer 340 and the switching elements 311a to 311f included in the inverter 310 has a larger surge voltage when the switching speed is fast, and a large amount of electromagnetic noise is generated. When the air conditioner 900 uses a refrigerant with flammability, when the refrigerant leaks, it may burn due to discharge caused by electromagnetic noise. Therefore, the air conditioner 900 sets the switching speed of the digital gate driver module equipped with the power conversion device 1 according to the flammability of the refrigerant used by the air conditioner 900. For example, the higher the flammability of the refrigerant used by the air conditioner 900, the slower the switching speed of the digital gate driver module equipped with the power conversion device 1. The air conditioner 900 can reduce the surge voltage by slowing down the switching speed of the digital gate driver module, suppress the generation of discharge caused by electromagnetic noise, and thus, it is assumed that combustion can be prevented even when the refrigerant leaks from the air conditioner 900.

空调机900中使用的制冷剂例如是R1234yf、R1234ze(E)、R1243zf、HFO1123、HFO1132(E)、R1132a、CF3I、R290、R463A、R466A、R454A、R454B、R454C等。The refrigerant used in the air conditioner 900 is, for example, R1234yf, R1234ze(E), R1243zf, HFO1123, HFO1132(E), R1132a, CF3I, R290, R463A, R466A, R454A, R454B, R454C, etc.

以上的实施方式所示的结构表示一例，能够与其他的公知技术组合，也能够将实施方式彼此组合，还能够在不脱离主旨的范围内省略、变更一部分结构。The configurations shown in the above embodiments are merely examples, and may be combined with other known technologies, the embodiments may be combined with each other, and some configurations may be omitted or modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

附图标记说明Description of Reference Numerals

1电力转换装置，2、900空调机，11模型偏差运算部，12电流估计器，13减法器，14偏差运算器，21第1角速度估计部，22第2角速度估计部，23加法器，30短接部，31二极管桥，32短接元件，101速度估计装置，110、110a商用电源，130换流器，131～134、131a～134a、131b、131c整流元件，135、135a～135c电抗器，136、136a～136d、311a～311f开关元件，137、137a～137d、312a～312f续流二极管，138二极管，140、340波形形状变更部，150、350驱动电路，170整流部，210电容器，310逆变器，314马达，315压缩机，400控制部，410基本脉冲生成部，420波形形状控制信号输出部，501～505运转状态检测部，902四通阀，904压缩机构，906室内热交换器，908膨胀阀，910室外热交换器，912制冷剂配管。1 power conversion device, 2, 900 air conditioner, 11 model deviation calculation unit, 12 current estimator, 13 subtractor, 14 deviation calculation unit, 21 first angular velocity estimation unit, 22 second angular velocity estimation unit, 23 adder, 30 short-circuit unit, 31 diode bridge, 32 short-circuit element, 101 velocity estimation device, 110, 110a commercial power supply, 130 inverter, 131-134, 131a-134a, 131b, 131c rectifying element, 135, 135a-135c reactor, 136, 136a-136d, 311a-311f switch Related elements, 137, 137a~137d, 312a~312f freewheeling diodes, 138 diodes, 140, 340 waveform shape changing units, 150, 350 drive circuits, 170 rectifier units, 210 capacitors, 310 inverters, 314 motors, 315 compressors, 400 control units, 410 basic pulse generating units, 420 waveform shape control signal output units, 501~505 operating status detection units, 902 four-way valves, 904 compression mechanisms, 906 indoor heat exchangers, 908 expansion valves, 910 outdoor heat exchangers, 912 refrigerant piping.