技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及数据处理技术领域，具体涉及一种烟气高精度测量方法。The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, and in particular to a high-precision flue gas measurement method.
背景技术Background Art
针对工业生产过程中排放的烟气，为确定其对环境的影响，需对其中的有害气体（主要是二氧化硫和氮氧化物）的浓度进行检测。目前，主要是采用差分光学吸收光谱技术（DOAS）对工业生产过程中排放的烟气进行检测，以确定其中有害气体的浓度。DOAS技术利用气体分子对特定波长光的选择性吸收特征，定量分析气体浓度，但是当烟气中含有多种气体时，由于不同气体可能在相近的波长范围内具有吸收峰，因此不同气体的吸收峰可能会产生重叠，使得从光谱数据中难以区分吸收峰是由哪种气体引起，进而造成气体浓度检测准确率较低。In order to determine the impact of flue gas emitted during industrial production on the environment, the concentration of harmful gases (mainly sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) in the flue gas needs to be detected. At present, differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) is mainly used to detect flue gas emitted during industrial production to determine the concentration of harmful gases. DOAS technology uses the selective absorption characteristics of gas molecules to light of specific wavelengths to quantitatively analyze gas concentrations. However, when the flue gas contains multiple gases, since different gases may have absorption peaks in similar wavelength ranges, the absorption peaks of different gases may overlap, making it difficult to distinguish from the spectral data which gas causes the absorption peak, resulting in low gas concentration detection accuracy.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决现有的烟气测量方法所存在的气体浓度检测准确率较低的技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种烟气高精度测量方法，所采用的技术方案具体如下：In order to solve the technical problem of low gas concentration detection accuracy in the existing flue gas measurement method, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision flue gas measurement method, and the technical solution adopted is as follows:
一种烟气高精度测量方法，其包括：A high-precision flue gas measurement method, comprising:
将待测烟气通入差分光学吸收光谱技术DOAS测量系统的样品池中，利用所述DOAS测量系统得到室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据；其中，待测烟气中包括多种不同气体；Passing the smoke to be tested into a sample cell of a differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurement system, and using the DOAS measurement system to obtain differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature; wherein the smoke to be tested includes a variety of different gases;
从室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据中，筛选出样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的区域所对应的差分吸收光谱数据，作为待处理光谱数据；From the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature, the differential absorption spectrum data corresponding to the area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool is screened out as the spectrum data to be processed;
基于温度对不同气体的吸收峰的影响差异性，将所述待处理光谱数据中重叠的吸收峰分离，以获取待测烟气中各气体对应的吸收峰曲线；Based on the difference in the effect of temperature on the absorption peaks of different gases, the overlapping absorption peaks in the spectral data to be processed are separated to obtain the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas in the flue gas to be tested;
根据各气体对应的吸收峰曲线，获得待测烟气中各气体的浓度。According to the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas, the concentration of each gas in the flue gas to be tested is obtained.
进一步地，从室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据中，筛选出样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的区域所对应的差分吸收光谱数据，作为待处理光谱数据，包括：Furthermore, the differential absorption spectrum data corresponding to the area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool is screened out from the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature as the spectrum data to be processed, including:
将空气通入差分光学吸收光谱技术DOAS测量系统的样品池中，利用所述DOAS测量系统得到室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据；Passing air into a sample cell of a differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurement system, and using the DOAS measurement system to obtain differential absorption spectrum data of air at room temperature;
将所述DOAS测量系统的样品池中的光谱仪扫描区域均分为多个子区域；Dividing a spectrometer scanning area in a sample cell of the DOAS measurement system into a plurality of sub-areas;
基于每一子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异性，确定样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域，以样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域所对应的差分吸收光谱数据，作为待处理光谱数据。Based on the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature corresponding to each sub-region and the differential absorption spectrum data of air at room temperature, the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool is determined, and the differential absorption spectrum data corresponding to the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool is used as the spectrum data to be processed.
进一步地，基于每一子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异性，确定样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域，包括：Further, based on the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature corresponding to each sub-region and the differential absorption spectrum data of air at room temperature, determining the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool includes:
计算出每一子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异，公式如下：The difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the flue gas to be tested at room temperature and the differential absorption spectrum data of the air at room temperature corresponding to each sub-area is calculated, and the formula is as follows:
； ;
其中，为第k个子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异；为第k个子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据中第i个波长对应的待测烟气的吸收峰的峰值；为第k个子区域所对应的室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据中第i个波长对应的空气的吸收峰的峰值；为波长个数；表示取绝对值；in, is the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature and the differential absorption spectrum data of the air at room temperature corresponding to the k-th sub-region; is the peak value of the absorption peak of the smoke to be tested corresponding to the ith wavelength in the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature corresponding to the kth sub-region; is the peak value of the absorption peak of air corresponding to the ith wavelength in the differential absorption spectrum data of air at room temperature corresponding to the kth sub-region; is the number of wavelengths; Indicates taking the absolute value;
计算出每一子区域对应的室温下的烟气比重，公式如下：Calculate the smoke density at room temperature corresponding to each sub-area using the following formula:
； ;
其中，表示第k个子区域对应的室温下的烟气比重；表示第j个子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异；m表示子区域的个数；表示归一化函数；in, represents the smoke density at room temperature corresponding to the kth sub-area; represents the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature and the differential absorption spectrum data of the air at room temperature corresponding to the j-th sub-region; m represents the number of sub-regions; represents the normalization function;
以室温下的烟气比重最大的子区域作为样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域。The sub-region with the largest smoke density at room temperature is taken as the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool.
进一步地，基于温度对不同气体的吸收峰的影响差异性，将所述待处理光谱数据中重叠的吸收峰分离，以获取待测烟气中各气体对应的吸收峰曲线，包括：Furthermore, based on the difference in the effect of temperature on the absorption peaks of different gases, the overlapping absorption peaks in the spectral data to be processed are separated to obtain the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas in the flue gas to be tested, including:
获取不同温度下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据；Obtaining differential absorption spectrum data of the flue gas to be tested at different temperatures;
基于不同温度下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据，获取每个吸收峰的温度差异指标；Based on the differential absorption spectrum data of the flue gas to be tested at different temperatures, a temperature difference index of each absorption peak is obtained;
基于各吸收峰的温度差异指标，采用预设的分簇算法对所述待处理光谱数据中的吸收峰进行分簇，将完成分簇后的每一簇中的吸收峰作为一种气体的吸收峰，以将所述待处理光谱数据中不同气体对应的吸收峰分离，获取待测烟气中各气体对应的吸收峰曲线。Based on the temperature difference index of each absorption peak, a preset clustering algorithm is used to cluster the absorption peaks in the spectral data to be processed, and the absorption peaks in each cluster after clustering are taken as the absorption peak of a gas, so as to separate the absorption peaks corresponding to different gases in the spectral data to be processed, and obtain the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas in the flue gas to be tested.
进一步地，基于不同温度下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据，获取每个吸收峰的温度差异指标，包括：Furthermore, based on the differential absorption spectrum data of the flue gas to be tested at different temperatures, the temperature difference index of each absorption peak is obtained, including:
基于不同温度下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据，获取每个吸收峰在不同温度下的峰值；Based on the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at different temperatures, the peak value of each absorption peak at different temperatures is obtained;
针对每个吸收峰，基于其在不同温度下的峰值，得到其峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线；For each absorption peak, based on its peak value at different temperatures, a polynomial curve of its peak value changing with temperature is obtained;
针对每个吸收峰，基于其峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线以及其吸收峰的宽度由于温度变化所导致的最大变化值，计算出其原始温度差异指标；For each absorption peak, its original temperature difference index is calculated based on the polynomial curve of its peak value changing with temperature and the maximum change value of the width of its absorption peak caused by temperature change;
根据所述样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域的烟气比重受温度的影响程度，对各吸收峰的原始温度差异指标进行修正，得到每一吸收峰的温度差异指标。According to the degree to which the smoke density in the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool is affected by temperature, the original temperature difference index of each absorption peak is corrected to obtain the temperature difference index of each absorption peak.
进一步地，吸收峰的峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线表示为：Furthermore, the polynomial curve of the peak value of the absorption peak changing with temperature is expressed as:
； ;
其中，表示第个吸收峰的峰值；表示温度值；、、、均为拟合系数。in, Indicates The peak value of the absorption peak; Indicates temperature value; , , , All are fitting coefficients.
进一步地，针对每个吸收峰，基于其峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线以及其吸收峰的宽度由于温度变化所导致的最大变化值，计算出其原始温度差异指标，包括：Furthermore, for each absorption peak, based on the polynomial curve of the peak value changing with temperature and the maximum change value of the width of the absorption peak due to the temperature change, the original temperature difference index is calculated, including:
针对每个吸收峰，基于其峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线，计算其特征值；For each absorption peak, its characteristic value is calculated based on the polynomial curve of its peak value changing with temperature;
针对每个吸收峰，基于其特征值以及其吸收峰的宽度由于温度变化所导致的最大变化值，计算出其原始温度差异指标；其中，原始温度差异指标的计算公式为：For each absorption peak, its original temperature difference index is calculated based on its characteristic value and the maximum change value of the width of its absorption peak due to temperature change; wherein, the calculation formula of the original temperature difference index is:
； ;
其中，表示第个吸收峰的原始温度差异指标；表示第个吸收峰的特征值；表示第个吸收峰的宽度由于温度变化所导致的最大变化值。in, Indicates The original temperature difference index of each absorption peak; Indicates The characteristic value of an absorption peak; Indicates The maximum change in the width of an absorption peak due to temperature change.
进一步地，吸收峰的特征值表示为：Furthermore, the characteristic value of the absorption peak is expressed as:
； ;
其中，表示第个吸收峰的特征值。in, Indicates The characteristic value of an absorption peak.
进一步地，吸收峰的温度差异指标表示为：Furthermore, the temperature difference index of the absorption peak is expressed as:
； ;
其中，为第个吸收峰的温度差异指标；为第个吸收峰的原始温度差异指标；为所述样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域在第t个温度值下的烟气比重；为所述样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域在c个不同温度值下的烟气比重的均值；c为温度值的数量；表示取绝对值。in, For the The temperature difference index of the absorption peaks; For the The original temperature difference index of each absorption peak; is the smoke density of the sub-area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool at the tth temperature value; is the average value of the smoke density of the sub-area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool at c different temperature values; c is the number of temperature values; Indicates taking the absolute value.
进一步地，温度值的取值范围为20℃~100℃。Furthermore, the temperature value ranges from 20°C to 100°C.
本发明具有如下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供的烟气高精度测量方法，根据待测烟气在样品池中的分布情况，确定样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的区域，以此区域的烟气对应的差分吸收光谱数据作为待处理光谱数据；进一步根据不同气体的吸收峰随温度变化的特性不同，将待处理光谱数据中重叠的吸收峰分离，以准确获取各气体对应的吸收峰曲线，进而提升了烟气中不同气体的浓度检测精度。The high-precision flue gas measurement method provided by the present invention determines the area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool according to the distribution of the smoke to be measured in the sample pool, and uses the differential absorption spectrum data corresponding to the smoke in this area as the spectrum data to be processed; further, according to the different characteristics of the absorption peaks of different gases changing with temperature, the overlapping absorption peaks in the spectrum data to be processed are separated to accurately obtain the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas, thereby improving the concentration detection accuracy of different gases in the flue gas.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案和优点，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单的介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions and advantages in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
图1为烟气高精度测量方法的执行流程示意图。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the execution flow of the high-precision flue gas measurement method.
图2为DOAS测量系统的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the DOAS measurement system.
图3为SO2气体的吸收峰峰值在不同温度点的变化情况示意图。FIG3 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of the absorption peak value of SO2 gas at different temperature points.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的一种烟气高精度测量方法，其具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如下。在下述说明中，不同的“一个实施例”或“另一个实施例”指的不一定是同一实施例。此外，一或多个实施例中的特定特征、结构或特点可由任何合适形式组合。除非另有定义，本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation method, structure, characteristics and effects of a high-precision flue gas measurement method proposed according to the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, specific features, structures or characteristics in one or more embodiments may be combined in any suitable form. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those generally understood by technicians in the technical field of the present invention.
下面结合附图具体地说明本发明所提供的一种烟气高精度测量方法。A high-precision flue gas measurement method provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
一种烟气高精度测量方法，如图1所示，该方法的执行步骤如下：A high-precision flue gas measurement method, as shown in FIG1 , has the following steps:
S1，将待测烟气通入差分光学吸收光谱技术DOAS测量系统的样品池中，利用所述DOAS测量系统得到室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据；其中，待测烟气中包括多种不同气体；S1, passing the smoke to be tested into a sample cell of a differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurement system, and using the DOAS measurement system to obtain differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature; wherein the smoke to be tested includes a plurality of different gases;
其中，本实施例所采用的DOAS测量系统的结构如图2所示，其使用L6565型氘灯作为光源，其可以提供200nm~400nm波段连续光谱，光源入射光经准直后进入样品池，出射光利用光纤耦合方式进入光谱仪。光谱仪的入射狭缝宽度为25μm，光栅的刻线密度为1200/mm，光谱范围为200nm~500nm，分辨率为0.65nm。在实验过程中，需保持样品池内的压力恒定。待测烟气为工业生产过程中排放的烟气，其主要由二氧化硫和氮氧化物等有害气体组成。Among them, the structure of the DOAS measurement system used in this embodiment is shown in Figure 2, which uses a L6565 deuterium lamp as a light source, which can provide a continuous spectrum in the 200nm~400nm band. The incident light of the light source enters the sample cell after collimation, and the outgoing light enters the spectrometer using fiber coupling. The incident slit width of the spectrometer is 25μm, the line density of the grating is 1200/mm, the spectral range is 200nm~500nm, and the resolution is 0.65nm. During the experiment, the pressure in the sample cell needs to be kept constant. The flue gas to be measured is the flue gas emitted in the industrial production process, which is mainly composed of harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
S2，从室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据中，筛选出样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的区域所对应的差分吸收光谱数据，作为待处理光谱数据；S2, from the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature, the differential absorption spectrum data corresponding to the area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool is screened out as the spectrum data to be processed;
其中，需要说明的是，由于烟气中可能含有碳颗粒、硫氧化物、氮氧化物等，这些物质的密度通常大于空气，所以在将烟气装入样品池后，烟气会不均匀地分布在整个样本池中，由此造成不同区域的吸收峰不同。因此，为实现后续光谱数据处理，首先需要确定烟气的分布情况。It should be noted that since the flue gas may contain carbon particles, sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, etc., the density of these substances is usually greater than that of air. Therefore, after the flue gas is loaded into the sample pool, the flue gas will be unevenly distributed in the entire sample pool, resulting in different absorption peaks in different areas. Therefore, in order to realize the subsequent spectral data processing, it is necessary to first determine the distribution of the flue gas.
具体地，在本实施例中，上述S2的实现过程如下：Specifically, in this embodiment, the implementation process of the above S2 is as follows:
S21，将空气通入差分光学吸收光谱技术DOAS测量系统的样品池中，利用所述DOAS测量系统得到室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据。S21, passing air into a sample cell of a differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) measurement system, and using the DOAS measurement system to obtain differential absorption spectrum data of air at room temperature.
S22，将所述DOAS测量系统的样品池中的光谱仪扫描区域均分为多个子区域。S22, dividing the spectrometer scanning area in the sample cell of the DOAS measurement system into a plurality of sub-areas.
S23，基于每一子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异性，确定样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域，以样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域所对应的差分吸收光谱数据，作为待处理光谱数据；S23, based on the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature corresponding to each sub-region and the differential absorption spectrum data of air at room temperature, determine the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool, and use the differential absorption spectrum data corresponding to the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool as the spectrum data to be processed;
进一步地，基于每一子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异性，确定样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域，包括：Further, based on the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature corresponding to each sub-region and the differential absorption spectrum data of air at room temperature, determining the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool includes:
S231，计算出每一子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异，公式如下：S231, calculating the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature and the differential absorption spectrum data of the air at room temperature corresponding to each sub-region, the formula is as follows:
； ;
其中，为第k个子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异，该差异值越大，说明当前烟气占比越大；为第k个子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据中第i个波长对应的待测烟气的吸收峰的峰值；为第k个子区域所对应的室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据中第i个波长对应的空气的吸收峰的峰值；为波长个数；表示取绝对值；in, is the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature corresponding to the kth sub-region and the differential absorption spectrum data of the air at room temperature. The larger the difference value is, the greater the current smoke proportion is; is the peak value of the absorption peak of the smoke to be tested corresponding to the ith wavelength in the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature corresponding to the kth sub-region; is the peak value of the absorption peak of air corresponding to the ith wavelength in the differential absorption spectrum data of air at room temperature corresponding to the kth sub-region; is the number of wavelengths; Indicates taking the absolute value;
S232，计算出每一子区域对应的室温下的烟气比重，公式如下：S232, calculate the smoke density at room temperature corresponding to each sub-area, the formula is as follows:
； ;
其中，表示第k个子区域对应的室温下的烟气比重；表示第j个子区域所对应的室温下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据与室温下的空气的差分吸收光谱数据的差异；m表示子区域的个数；表示归一化函数；用于表征当前子区域是否为烟气比重比较大的区域，其值越大，表示对应的子区域越有可能是烟气比重比较大的区域；in, represents the smoke density at room temperature corresponding to the kth sub-area; represents the difference between the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at room temperature and the differential absorption spectrum data of the air at room temperature corresponding to the j-th sub-region; m represents the number of sub-regions; represents the normalization function; It is used to indicate whether the current sub-region is an area with a relatively large smoke proportion. The larger the value, the more likely the corresponding sub-region is to be an area with a relatively large smoke proportion.
S233，以室温下的烟气比重最大的子区域作为样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域。S233, taking the sub-region with the largest smoke density at room temperature as the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool.
S3，基于温度对不同气体的吸收峰的影响差异性，将所述待处理光谱数据中重叠的吸收峰分离，以获取待测烟气中各气体对应的吸收峰曲线；S3, based on the difference in the effect of temperature on the absorption peaks of different gases, separating the overlapping absorption peaks in the spectral data to be processed, so as to obtain the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas in the flue gas to be tested;
其中，需要说明的是，在采用DOAS技术进行气体浓度检测时，温度会对气体的吸收峰产生影响，如图3所示，其展示了SO2（二氧化硫）气体的吸收峰峰值在3个不同温度点（50℃、70℃、90℃）的变化情况。温度对气体的吸收峰的影响规律大致可以表示为：在一定温度范围内，随着温度的升高，气体的吸收谱线峰值减小，吸收特性趋向平滑。而且由于不同气体的分子结构和能级存在差异，导致它们对温度变化的响应不同。例如，具有复杂分子结构或较大分子的气体可能对温度变化更敏感。所以可以通过不同温度变化下，气体吸收峰的变化情况，区分不同气体的吸收峰。Among them, it should be noted that when using DOAS technology for gas concentration detection, temperature will affect the absorption peak of the gas. As shown in Figure 3, it shows the change of the absorption peak of SO2 (sulfur dioxide) gas at three different temperature points (50°C, 70°C, and 90°C). The influence of temperature on the absorption peak of the gas can be roughly expressed as follows: within a certain temperature range, as the temperature increases, the peak value of the absorption spectrum of the gas decreases, and the absorption characteristics tend to be smooth. Moreover, due to the differences in molecular structure and energy level of different gases, they respond differently to temperature changes. For example, gases with complex molecular structures or larger molecules may be more sensitive to temperature changes. Therefore, the absorption peaks of different gases can be distinguished by the changes in the gas absorption peaks under different temperature changes.
具体地，在本实施例中，上述S3的实现过程如下：Specifically, in this embodiment, the implementation process of the above S3 is as follows:
S31，获取不同温度下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据；S31, obtaining differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at different temperatures;
其中，在本实施例中，温度值的取值范围为20℃~100℃；In this embodiment, the temperature range is 20°C to 100°C.
S32，基于不同温度下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据，获取每个吸收峰的温度差异指标；S32, obtaining a temperature difference index of each absorption peak based on the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at different temperatures;
其中，吸收峰的温度差异指标的计算过程如下：Among them, the calculation process of the temperature difference index of the absorption peak is as follows:
S321，基于不同温度下的待测烟气的差分吸收光谱数据，获取每个吸收峰在不同温度下的峰值；S321, based on the differential absorption spectrum data of the smoke to be tested at different temperatures, obtaining the peak value of each absorption peak at different temperatures;
S322，针对每个吸收峰，基于其在不同温度下的峰值，得到其峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线；S322, for each absorption peak, based on its peak value at different temperatures, obtaining a polynomial curve of the peak value changing with temperature;
其中，需要说明的是，由于吸收峰的峰值会随温度升高而下降，所以为了获取吸收峰的峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线，首先需要以温度为横坐标，以各波长处的吸收峰峰值为纵坐标，构建数据坐标系，将不同温度下获取的多个吸收峰的峰值表示在该坐标系中，然后利用该数据坐标系，采用多项式拟合的方式，拟合出温度与吸收峰峰值的曲线方程。Among them, it should be noted that since the peak value of the absorption peak will decrease with increasing temperature, in order to obtain a polynomial curve of the change of the peak value of the absorption peak with temperature, it is first necessary to use temperature as the horizontal coordinate and the peak value of the absorption peak at each wavelength as the vertical coordinate to construct a data coordinate system, and represent the peak values of multiple absorption peaks obtained at different temperatures in the coordinate system. Then, using the data coordinate system, a polynomial fitting method is adopted to fit the curve equation of temperature and the peak value of the absorption peak.
具体地，在本实施例中，吸收峰的峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线表示为：Specifically, in this embodiment, the polynomial curve of the peak value of the absorption peak changing with temperature is expressed as:
； ;
其中，表示第个吸收峰的峰值；表示温度值；、、、均为拟合系数；in, Indicates The peak value of the absorption peak; Indicates temperature value; , , , All are fitting coefficients;
S323，针对每个吸收峰，基于其峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线以及其吸收峰的宽度由于温度变化所导致的最大变化值，计算出其原始温度差异指标；计算过程如下：S323, for each absorption peak, based on the polynomial curve of the peak value changing with temperature and the maximum change value of the width of the absorption peak due to the temperature change, calculate its original temperature difference index; the calculation process is as follows:
S3231，针对每个吸收峰，基于其峰值随温度变化的多项式曲线，计算其特征值，公式为：S3231, for each absorption peak, calculate its characteristic value based on the polynomial curve of its peak value changing with temperature, the formula is:
； ;
其中，表示第个吸收峰的特征值；in, Indicates The characteristic value of an absorption peak;
此外，需要说明的是，对于上述多项式曲线，高阶项的系数表示曲线变化的剧烈程度，所以可以通对高项阶的系数进行整合，以表示每一吸收峰的特征值；In addition, it should be noted that, for the above polynomial curve, the coefficients of the higher-order terms represent the drastic degree of curve change, so the coefficients of the higher-order terms can be integrated to represent the characteristic value of each absorption peak;
S3232，针对每个吸收峰，基于其特征值以及其吸收峰的宽度由于温度变化所导致的最大变化值，计算出其原始温度差异指标；S3232, for each absorption peak, based on its characteristic value and the maximum change value of the width of its absorption peak caused by temperature change, calculate its original temperature difference index;
其中，需要说明的，温度的变化不仅会导致吸收峰的峰值变化，还会导致吸收峰的峰宽变化，所以在计算原始温度差异指标的时候，在考虑吸收峰的峰值随温度变化曲线的同时，还需要考虑当前吸收峰由于温度变化所导致的吸收峰的宽度的最大变化值。基于此，在本实施例中，原始温度差异指标的计算公式为：It should be noted that the change in temperature will not only cause the change in the peak value of the absorption peak, but also cause the change in the peak width of the absorption peak. Therefore, when calculating the original temperature difference index, while considering the peak value of the absorption peak with temperature change curve, it is also necessary to consider the maximum change value of the width of the absorption peak caused by the temperature change of the current absorption peak. Based on this, in this embodiment, the calculation formula of the original temperature difference index is:
； ;
其中，表示第个吸收峰的原始温度差异指标；表示第个吸收峰的宽度由于温度变化所导致的最大变化值。in, Indicates The original temperature difference index of each absorption peak; Indicates The maximum change in the width of an absorption peak due to temperature change.
S324，根据所述样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域的烟气比重受温度的影响程度，对各吸收峰的原始温度差异指标进行修正，得到每一吸收峰的温度差异指标；S324, correcting the original temperature difference index of each absorption peak according to the degree to which the smoke density of the sub-region with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool is affected by temperature, to obtain a temperature difference index of each absorption peak;
其中，吸收峰的温度差异指标表示为：Among them, the temperature difference index of the absorption peak is expressed as:
； ;
其中，为第个吸收峰的温度差异指标；为第个吸收峰的原始温度差异指标；为所述样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域在第t个温度值下的烟气比重；为所述样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域在c个不同温度值下的烟气比重的均值；c为温度值的数量；in, For the The temperature difference index of the absorption peaks; For the The original temperature difference index of each absorption peak; is the smoke density of the sub-area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool at the tth temperature value; is the average value of the smoke density of the sub-area with the highest smoke distribution density in the sample pool at c different temperature values; c is the number of temperature values;
表示所述样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的子区域的烟气比重受温度的影响情况。 It indicates the influence of temperature on the smoke density of the sub-area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool.
S33，基于各吸收峰的温度差异指标，采用预设的分簇算法对所述待处理光谱数据中的吸收峰进行分簇，将完成分簇后的每一簇中的吸收峰作为一种气体的吸收峰，以将所述待处理光谱数据中不同气体对应的吸收峰分离，获取待测烟气中各气体对应的吸收峰曲线；S33, clustering the absorption peaks in the spectral data to be processed using a preset clustering algorithm based on the temperature difference index of each absorption peak, taking the absorption peak in each cluster after clustering as an absorption peak of a gas, so as to separate the absorption peaks corresponding to different gases in the spectral data to be processed, and obtaining the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas in the flue gas to be tested;
其中，本实施例所采用的分簇算法为基于密度的噪声应用空间聚类DBSCAN分簇算法。The clustering algorithm used in this embodiment is the density-based noise application spatial clustering DBSCAN clustering algorithm.
S4，根据各气体对应的吸收峰曲线，获得待测烟气中各气体的浓度；S4, obtaining the concentration of each gas in the flue gas to be tested according to the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas;
其中，根据气体对应的吸收峰曲线，获得气体浓度的方法为现有技术，目前应用比较广泛的是：根据每种气体的吸收峰，采用多元线性回归（MLR）方法来分辨和量化不同气体的吸收贡献，基于已知浓度的标准气体建立表征吸收峰与气体浓度关系的模型，对模型进行训练，优化模型参数，将训练好的模型应用于当前气体的光谱数据，预测出气体的浓度。Among them, the method of obtaining the gas concentration according to the absorption peak curve corresponding to the gas is an existing technology, and the most widely used method is: according to the absorption peak of each gas, a multiple linear regression (MLR) method is used to distinguish and quantify the absorption contribution of different gases, and a model characterizing the relationship between the absorption peak and the gas concentration is established based on a standard gas of known concentration. The model is trained, the model parameters are optimized, and the trained model is applied to the spectral data of the current gas to predict the gas concentration.
综上，本实施例首先根据待测烟气在样品池中的分布情况，确定样品池中烟气分布浓度最浓的区域，以此区域的烟气对应的差分吸收光谱数据作为待处理光谱数据；然后进一步根据不同气体的吸收峰随温度变化的特性不同，将待处理光谱数据中重叠的吸收峰分离，以准确获取各气体对应的吸收峰曲线，进而有效提升了烟气中不同气体的浓度检测精度。In summary, this embodiment first determines the area with the highest smoke distribution concentration in the sample pool according to the distribution of the smoke to be tested in the sample pool, and uses the differential absorption spectrum data corresponding to the smoke in this area as the spectrum data to be processed; then, according to the different characteristics of the absorption peaks of different gases changing with temperature, the overlapping absorption peaks in the spectrum data to be processed are separated to accurately obtain the absorption peak curve corresponding to each gas, thereby effectively improving the concentration detection accuracy of different gases in the smoke.
此外，需要说明的是：以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式。在附图中描绘的过程不一定要求示出的特定顺序或者连续顺序才能实现期望的结果。在某些实施方式中，多任务处理和并行处理也是可以的或者可能是有利的。而且尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但对于本技术领域普通技术人员来说，一旦得知了本发明的基本创造性概念，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。In addition, it should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. The processes depicted in the accompanying drawings do not necessarily require the specific order or continuous order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multi-tasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous. And although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it is obvious to a person skilled in the art that once the basic creative concept of the present invention is known, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.
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