技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及通信技术领域，具体涉及一种天线组件及电子设备。The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna assembly and an electronic device.
背景技术Background Art
随着通信技术的发展，移动终端、可穿戴设备等电子设备内的射频通信功能要求越来越高，而随着电子设备的小型化发展，如何提供一种占据空间小且能够形成圆极化波的天线组件，成为需要解决的技术问题。With the development of communication technology, the requirements for radio frequency communication functions in electronic devices such as mobile terminals and wearable devices are becoming increasingly higher. However, with the miniaturization of electronic devices, how to provide an antenna component that occupies a small space and can form circularly polarized waves has become a technical problem that needs to be solved.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请提供了一种占据空间小且能够形成圆极化波的天线组件及具有该天线组件的电子设备。The present application provides an antenna assembly that occupies a small space and can form circularly polarized waves, and an electronic device having the antenna assembly.
本申请实施例提供的一种天线组件，包括：An antenna assembly provided in an embodiment of the present application includes:
第一辐射体，包括弯折连接的第一辐射段及第二辐射段，所述第一辐射段远离所述第二辐射段的一端为馈电端，所述第二辐射段远离所述第一辐射段的一端为延伸端；及A first radiator comprises a first radiating section and a second radiating section connected in a bent manner, wherein an end of the first radiating section away from the second radiating section is a feeding end, and an end of the second radiating section away from the first radiating section is an extending end; and
信号源，所述信号源电连接所述馈电端，所述信号源用于激励所述第一辐射体形成的第一谐振模式，所述第一谐振模式在所述第一辐射段上形成第一电流及在所述第二辐射段上形成第二电流，所述第二电流分布于所述第二辐射段靠近所述第一辐射段的部分，所述第一电流的相位与所述第二电流的相位之差为90°，第一电流与第二电流用于产生圆极化波。A signal source, the signal source is electrically connected to the feeding end, the signal source is used to excite a first resonance mode formed by the first radiator, the first resonance mode forms a first current on the first radiation segment and a second current on the second radiation segment, the second current is distributed in a portion of the second radiation segment close to the first radiation segment, the phase difference between the first current and the second current is 90°, and the first current and the second current are used to generate circularly polarized waves.
本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备，包括上述的天线组件。An electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application includes the above-mentioned antenna assembly.
本申请实施例提供的天线组件及电子设备，通过设置弯折连接的第一辐射段及第二辐射段，第一辐射段远离第二辐射段的一端电连接信号源，第二辐射段远离第一辐射段的一端为延伸端；信号源用于激励第一辐射段及第二辐射段形成的第一谐振模式，第一谐振模式在第一辐射段上形成第一电流及在第二辐射段上形成第二电流，所述第二电流分布于所述第二辐射段靠近所述第一辐射段的部分，第一电流的相位与第二电流的相位之差为90°，第一电流与第二电流用于产生圆极化波。由于本申请中的天线组件为端馈，信号源激励的电流从端部朝向一个方向流动，以在弯折连接的第一辐射段及第二辐射段上产生相邻、正交且相位相差90度的第一电流和第二电流，以形成圆极化波，由于天线组件的辐射体为弯折形态，可设于电子设备的电路板的拐角空间，占据空间小。The antenna assembly and electronic device provided in the embodiment of the present application are provided with a first radiating section and a second radiating section connected in a folded manner, wherein one end of the first radiating section away from the second radiating section is electrically connected to a signal source, and one end of the second radiating section away from the first radiating section is an extended end; the signal source is used to excite a first resonant mode formed by the first radiating section and the second radiating section, the first resonant mode forms a first current on the first radiating section and a second current on the second radiating section, the second current is distributed in a portion of the second radiating section close to the first radiating section, the phase difference between the first current and the second current is 90°, and the first current and the second current are used to generate circularly polarized waves. Since the antenna assembly in the present application is end-fed, the current excited by the signal source flows from the end toward one direction to generate adjacent, orthogonal, and 90-degree phase-difference first and second currents on the folded first radiating section and the second radiating section to form circularly polarized waves, and since the radiator of the antenna assembly is in a folded shape, it can be arranged in the corner space of the circuit board of the electronic device, occupying a small space.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below.
图1是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图2是本申请实施例提供的电子设备的分解结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图3是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件的结构示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna assembly provided in a first embodiment of the present application;
图4是本申请第二种实施例提供的天线组件的结构示意图；FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in a second embodiment of the present application;
图5是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件中第一电流与第二电流之间的第一分界点位于第一辐射段上的电流分布图；5 is a current distribution diagram of an antenna assembly provided in a first embodiment of the present application, in which a first dividing point between a first current and a second current is located on a first radiation segment;
图6是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件中第一电流与第二电流之间的第一分界点位于第二辐射段上的电流分布图；6 is a current distribution diagram of an antenna assembly provided in a first embodiment of the present application, in which a first dividing point between a first current and a second current is located on a second radiation segment;
图7是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件的第二谐振模式的电流分布图；FIG7 is a current distribution diagram of the second resonant mode of the antenna assembly provided by the first embodiment of the present application;
图8是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件包括第一切换电路的结构示意图；FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in a first embodiment of the present application including a first switching circuit;
图9是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件中第一切换电路电连接于第二电流与第三电流的第二分界点的结构示意图；9 is a schematic structural diagram of a first switching circuit electrically connected to a second dividing point between a second current and a third current in an antenna assembly provided in a first embodiment of the present application;
图10是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件中第一切换电路电连接于电流强区的一种结构示意图；FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a structure in which a first switching circuit in an antenna assembly provided in a first embodiment of the present application is electrically connected to a high current region;
图11是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件中第一切换电路电连接于电流强区的另一种结构示意图；FIG11 is another schematic diagram of a structure in which a first switching circuit is electrically connected to a strong current region in an antenna assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application;
图12是本申请实施例提供的切换电路的结构示意图；FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a switching circuit provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图13是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件的S参数及效率图；FIG13 is a diagram of S parameters and efficiency of an antenna assembly provided in a first embodiment of the present application;
图14是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件的圆极化参数图；FIG14 is a diagram of circular polarization parameters of an antenna assembly provided in a first embodiment of the present application;
图15是本申请第二种实施例提供的天线组件中第一电流与第二电流的第一分界点分布在第二辐射段的电流分布图；15 is a current distribution diagram of a first boundary point between a first current and a second current in an antenna assembly provided in a second embodiment of the present application distributed in a second radiation section;
图16是本申请第二种实施例提供的天线组件中第一电流与第二电流的第一分界点分布在第一辐射段的电流分布图；16 is a current distribution diagram of a first boundary point between a first current and a second current in an antenna assembly provided in a second embodiment of the present application distributed in a first radiation section;
图17是本申请第二种实施例提供的天线组件包括第二切换电路的电流分布图；FIG17 is a current distribution diagram of an antenna assembly including a second switching circuit provided in a second embodiment of the present application;
图18是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件的结构示意图；FIG18 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in a third embodiment of the present application;
图19是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件设于电子设备拐角处的结构示意图；FIG19 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna assembly provided in a third embodiment of the present application, which is disposed at a corner of an electronic device;
图20是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件在第三谐振模式下的电流分布图；FIG20 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the third embodiment of the present application in the third resonance mode;
图21是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件在第四谐振模式下的电流分布图；FIG21 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the third embodiment of the present application in the fourth resonance mode;
图22是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件在第五谐振模式下的电流分布图；FIG22 is a current distribution diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the third embodiment of the present application in the fifth resonance mode;
图23是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件随着第一切换电路将第二频段依次切换至B28频段-B5频段-B8频段的S参数及效率图；23 is an S parameter and efficiency diagram of the antenna assembly provided in the third embodiment of the present application as the first switching circuit switches the second frequency band to the B28 frequency band-B5 frequency band-B8 frequency band in sequence;
图24为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件的圆极化参数；FIG24 shows circular polarization parameters of an antenna assembly provided in a third embodiment of the present application;
图25为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件的左右旋圆极化增益曲线；FIG25 is a left-right circular polarization gain curve of the antenna assembly provided in the third embodiment of the present application;
图26为本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件与第三种实施例提供的天线组件的效率对比图；FIG26 is a diagram comparing the efficiencies of the antenna assembly provided in the first embodiment of the present application and the antenna assembly provided in the third embodiment;
图27为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件在2.66GHz的3D总场方向图；FIG27 is a 3D total field pattern of the antenna assembly provided in the third embodiment of the present application at 2.66 GHz;
图28为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件在2.66GHz的右旋圆极化方向图。FIG28 is a right-hand circularly polarized radiation pattern of the antenna assembly provided in the third embodiment of the present application at 2.66 GHz.
附图标号说明：Description of Figure Numbers:
电子设备1000；天线组件100；显示屏200；中框300；中板310；边框320；后盖400；第一辐射体10；第一辐射段11；第二辐射段12；馈电端111；延伸端121；匹配电路M1；第一电流J1；第二电流J2；第一连接点A；第一分界点B；第三电流J3；第一切换电路M2；第二连接点C；第二分界点D；第二切换电路M3；第二辐射体30；自由端31；接地端32；耦合缝隙33；第四电流J4；第五电流J5；第三分界点E。Electronic device 1000; antenna assembly 100; display screen 200; middle frame 300; middle plate 310; frame 320; back cover 400; first radiator 10; first radiating section 11; second radiating section 12; feeding end 111; extension end 121; matching circuit M1; first current J1; second current J2; first connection point A; first dividing point B; third current J3; first switching circuit M2; second connection point C; second dividing point D; second switching circuit M3; second radiator 30; free end 31; grounding end 32; coupling gap 33; fourth current J4; fifth current J5; third dividing point E.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
下面将结合附图，对本申请的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，本申请所描述的实施例仅仅是一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请提供的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请的保护范围。The technical solution of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described in the present application are only a part of the embodiments, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments provided in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present application.
在本申请中提及“实施例”意味着，结合实施例所描述的特定特征、结构或特性可以包含在本申请的至少一个实施例中。在说明书的各个位置出现该短语并不一定均是指相同的实施例，也不是与其它实施例互斥的、独立的或备选的实施例。本领域技术人员可以显式地和隐式地理解的是，本申请所描述的实施例可以与其它实施例相结合。Reference to "embodiments" in this application means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it mutually exclusive, independent, or alternative to other embodiments. It can be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this application can be combined with other embodiments.
本申请的说明书和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”等是用于区别不同对象，而不是用于描述特定顺序。此外，术语“包括”和“具有”以及它们任何变形，意图在于覆盖不排他的包含。例如：包含了一个或多个零部件的组件或设备没有限定于已列出的一个或多个零部件，而是可选地还包括没有列出的但所示例的产品固有的一个或多个零部件，或者基于所说明的功能其应具有的一个或多个零部件。The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example: a component or device including one or more parts is not limited to the one or more parts listed, but optionally includes one or more parts that are not listed but inherent to the exemplified product, or one or more parts that it should have based on the described function.
请参阅图1，图1为本申请实施例提供的一种电子设备1000的结构示意图。电子设备1000包括但不限于为手机、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、计算机、可穿戴设备、无人机、机器人、数码相机等具有通讯功能的设备。本申请实施例以手机为例进行说明，其他的电子设备可参考本实施例。Please refer to FIG. 1, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device 1000 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The electronic device 1000 includes but is not limited to a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a computer, a wearable device, a drone, a robot, a digital camera, and other devices with communication functions. The present application embodiment is described by taking a mobile phone as an example, and other electronic devices can refer to this embodiment.
请参阅图2，电子设备1000包括天线组件100。以电子设备1000为手机为例对天线组件100的工作环境进行举例说明。电子设备1000包括沿厚度方向依次设置的显示屏200、中框300及后盖400。其中，中框300包括中板310以及围接于中板310周侧的边框320。显示屏200、中板310及后盖400依次叠加设置，显示屏200与中板310之间、中板310与后盖400之间皆形成收容空间以收容电路板500、摄像头模组、受话器模组、电池、各种传感器等器件。边框320的一侧围接于显示屏200的边缘，边框320的另一侧围接于后盖400的边缘，以形成电子设备1000的完整的外观结构。本实施例中，边框320与中板310为一体结构，边框320与后盖400可为分体结构。Please refer to FIG. 2 , the electronic device 1000 includes an antenna assembly 100. The working environment of the antenna assembly 100 is described by taking the electronic device 1000 as a mobile phone as an example. The electronic device 1000 includes a display screen 200, a middle frame 300 and a back cover 400 arranged in sequence along the thickness direction. Among them, the middle frame 300 includes a middle plate 310 and a frame 320 surrounding the side of the middle plate 310. The display screen 200, the middle plate 310 and the back cover 400 are stacked in sequence, and a receiving space is formed between the display screen 200 and the middle plate 310, and between the middle plate 310 and the back cover 400 to accommodate components such as a circuit board 500, a camera module, a receiver module, a battery, and various sensors. One side of the frame 320 is surrounded by the edge of the display screen 200, and the other side of the frame 320 is surrounded by the edge of the back cover 400 to form a complete appearance structure of the electronic device 1000. In this embodiment, the frame 320 and the middle plate 310 are an integrated structure, and the frame 320 and the back cover 400 can be separate structures.
本申请提供了一种占据空间小且能够形成圆极化波的天线组件100，该天线组件100可应用于移动通信、卫星通信、雷达、遥感遥测和电子对抗等方面。The present application provides an antenna assembly 100 that occupies a small space and can form circularly polarized waves. The antenna assembly 100 can be applied to mobile communications, satellite communications, radar, remote sensing and telemetry, and electronic countermeasures.
请参阅图3，本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100至少包括第一辐射体10及信号源20。Please refer to FIG. 3 , the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application at least includes a first radiator 10 and a signal source 20 .
第一辐射体10包括弯折连接的第一辐射段11及第二辐射段12。所述第一辐射段11远离所述第二辐射段12的一端为馈电端111，所述第二辐射段12远离所述第一辐射段11的一端为延伸端121。其中，馈电端111与延伸端121为第一辐射体10的两个端部。其中，延伸端121可以为自由端或接地端。The first radiator 10 includes a first radiating section 11 and a second radiating section 12 which are bent and connected. The end of the first radiating section 11 away from the second radiating section 12 is a feeding end 111, and the end of the second radiating section 12 away from the first radiating section 11 is an extending end 121. The feeding end 111 and the extending end 121 are two ends of the first radiator 10. The extending end 121 can be a free end or a grounding end.
本申请对于第一辐射段11及第二辐射段12的弯折角度不做限定，可选的，第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12之间的弯折角度为80°-100°。其中，第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12之间的弯折角度接近90°或为90°。即第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12接近垂直或垂直。以下实施方式以第一辐射段11及第二辐射段12为垂直连接为例进行举例说明。当然，在其他实施方式中，第一辐射段11及第二辐射段12之间的弯折角度可以不严格按照垂直角度90°，只要能够满足本申请实施方式中产生圆极化波的条件即可。The present application does not limit the bending angles of the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12. Optionally, the bending angle between the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 is 80°-100°. Among them, the bending angle between the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 is close to 90° or 90°. That is, the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 are close to vertical or vertical. The following embodiments are illustrated by taking the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 as an example of vertical connection. Of course, in other embodiments, the bending angle between the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 may not be strictly 90° vertical, as long as the conditions for generating circularly polarized waves in the embodiments of the present application can be met.
所述第一辐射体10为天线组件100朝向空中收发电磁波的端口。可以理解的，第一辐射体10的材质为导电材质，包括但不限于为金属、合金等。The first radiator 10 is a port of the antenna assembly 100 for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves toward the air. It can be understood that the material of the first radiator 10 is a conductive material, including but not limited to metal, alloy, etc.
可选的，本申请对于所述第一辐射体10的形状不做具体的限定。例如，所述第一辐射体10的形状包括但不限于条状、片状、杆状、涂层状、薄膜状等。图3所示的所述第一辐射体10仅仅为一种示例，并不能对本申请提供的所述第一辐射体10的形状造成限定。本实施例中，所述第一辐射体10皆呈条状。Optionally, the present application does not specifically limit the shape of the first radiator 10. For example, the shape of the first radiator 10 includes but is not limited to a strip, a sheet, a rod, a coating, a film, etc. The first radiator 10 shown in FIG3 is only an example and does not limit the shape of the first radiator 10 provided in the present application. In this embodiment, the first radiator 10 is in a strip shape.
所述第一辐射体10包括但不限于为手机的金属边框、镶嵌于塑胶边框内的金属框架、位于边框320内或表面的金属第一辐射体10。第一辐射体10设于所述电子设备1000内，包括但不限于为成型于柔性电路板(Flexible Printed Circuit board，FPC)上的柔性电路板天线、通过激光直接成型(Laser Direct Structuring，LDS)的激光直接成型天线、通过印刷直接成型(Print Direct Structuring，PDS)的印刷直接成型天线、导电片天线(例如金属支架天线)等。本实施例中，第一辐射体10以手机的金属边框为例。The first radiator 10 includes but is not limited to a metal frame of a mobile phone, a metal frame embedded in a plastic frame, or a metal first radiator 10 located in or on the frame 320. The first radiator 10 is disposed in the electronic device 1000, including but not limited to a flexible printed circuit board antenna formed on a flexible printed circuit board (FPC), a laser direct structured antenna formed by laser direct structure (LDS), a printed direct structured antenna formed by printing direct structure (PDS), a conductive sheet antenna (such as a metal bracket antenna), etc. In this embodiment, the first radiator 10 takes the metal frame of a mobile phone as an example.
请参阅图4，所述第一辐射体10呈L形。辐射体设于边框320的拐角部，本申请不限于第一辐射体10位于电子设备1000的顶边的拐角部、或底边的拐角部。4 , the first radiator 10 is L-shaped. The radiator is disposed at a corner of the frame 320 , and the present application is not limited to the first radiator 10 being located at a corner of the top edge or the bottom edge of the electronic device 1000 .
所述信号源20电连接所述馈电端111。所述信号源20设于电路板500上。所述信号源20包括但不限于为射频收发芯片。可选的，电路板500上还设有电连接于信号源20与馈电端111之间的功率放大器、滤波器及天线开关等。信号源20通过设于电路板500上的馈电弹片间接电连接馈电端111。The signal source 20 is electrically connected to the feed terminal 111. The signal source 20 is disposed on the circuit board 500. The signal source 20 includes but is not limited to a radio frequency transceiver chip. Optionally, a power amplifier, a filter, an antenna switch, etc. electrically connected between the signal source 20 and the feed terminal 111 are also disposed on the circuit board 500. The signal source 20 is indirectly electrically connected to the feed terminal 111 through a feed spring disposed on the circuit board 500.
本实施方式中，馈电端111位于第一辐射体10的端部，信号源20激励馈电端111时为端馈，信号源20发送至馈电端111的电流朝向一个方向流动。In this embodiment, the feeding end 111 is located at the end of the first radiator 10 , and the signal source 20 excites the feeding end 111 in end-feeding mode. The current sent by the signal source 20 to the feeding end 111 flows in one direction.
可选的，请参阅图3，所述天线组件100还包括匹配电路M1。匹配电路M1电连接于信号源20与馈电端111之间，所述匹配电路M1用于调节所述信号源20端口与辐射体端口的阻抗匹配，以提高辐射效率。Optionally, referring to Fig. 3, the antenna assembly 100 further includes a matching circuit M1. The matching circuit M1 is electrically connected between the signal source 20 and the feeding terminal 111, and is used to adjust the impedance matching between the port of the signal source 20 and the port of the radiator to improve the radiation efficiency.
所述匹配电路M1可设于电路板500(结合图2)上，匹配电路M1的一端通过天线弹片电连接于馈电端111。The matching circuit M1 may be disposed on a circuit board 500 (see FIG. 2 ), and one end of the matching circuit M1 is electrically connected to the feeding end 111 through an antenna spring.
本申请对于匹配电路M1的结构不做具体的限定。可选的，所述匹配电路M1可以为一个电容，也可以为一个电感，可以是一个电容与一个电感的串联器件，也可以是一个电容与一个电感的并联器件，还可以是一个电容与一个电感的串联之后形成的组合再与一个电容并联，还可以是一个电容与一个电感的串联之后形成的组合再与一个电感并联，还可以是一个电容与一个电感并联之后形成的组合再与一个电感串联，还可以是一个电容与一个电感并联之后形成的组合再与一个电容串联；还可以是两个由一个电容与一个电感的串联之后形成的组合相并联，还可以是两个由一个电容与一个电感并联之后形成的组合相串联，等等。匹配电路M1还可以包括开关及多个不同阻抗的分支，或者包括可变电容，以调节频段的大小。The present application does not specifically limit the structure of the matching circuit M1. Optionally, the matching circuit M1 can be a capacitor or an inductor, a series device of a capacitor and an inductor, a parallel device of a capacitor and an inductor, a combination formed by the series connection of a capacitor and an inductor and then connected in parallel with a capacitor, a combination formed by the series connection of a capacitor and an inductor and then connected in parallel with an inductor, a combination formed by the parallel connection of a capacitor and an inductor and then connected in series with an inductor, a combination formed by the parallel connection of a capacitor and an inductor and then connected in series with an inductor, or a combination formed by the parallel connection of a capacitor and an inductor and then connected in series with a capacitor; two combinations formed by the series connection of a capacitor and an inductor can be connected in parallel, or two combinations formed by the parallel connection of a capacitor and an inductor can be connected in series, and so on. The matching circuit M1 can also include a switch and multiple branches of different impedances, or a variable capacitor to adjust the size of the frequency band.
所述信号源20用于激励所述第一辐射体10形成的第一谐振模式。具体的，所述信号源20发送的射频信号经所述馈电点馈入第一辐射体10，射频信号能够在第一辐射体10激励起谐振电流，该谐振电流形成第一谐振模式，使天线组件100能够工作在第一频段。The signal source 20 is used to excite the first resonant mode formed by the first radiator 10. Specifically, the radio frequency signal sent by the signal source 20 is fed into the first radiator 10 through the feeding point, and the radio frequency signal can excite a resonant current in the first radiator 10, and the resonant current forms a first resonant mode, so that the antenna assembly 100 can operate in the first frequency band.
请参阅图3及图4，所述第一谐振模式在所述第一辐射段11上形成第一电流J1及在所述第二辐射段12上形成第二电流J2。所述第二电流J2分布于所述第二辐射段12靠近所述第一辐射段11的部分。换言之，第一电流J1分布在所述第一辐射段11上的区域与第二电流J2分布在第二辐射段12上的区域相邻。3 and 4 , the first resonant mode forms a first current J1 on the first radiation segment 11 and a second current J2 on the second radiation segment 12. The second current J2 is distributed in a portion of the second radiation segment 12 close to the first radiation segment 11. In other words, the area where the first current J1 is distributed on the first radiation segment 11 is adjacent to the area where the second current J2 is distributed on the second radiation segment 12.
至少部分的所述第一电流J1的相位与至少部分的所述第二电流J2的相位之差为90°。A phase difference between at least a portion of the first current J1 and at least a portion of the second current J2 is 90°.
例如，第一电流J1的相位为0°-90°，第二电流J2的相位为90°-180°，所以第一电流J1与第二电流J2的相位相差90°。在其他实施方式中，第一电流J1的相位为0°-180°，第二电流J2的相位为90°-270°，所以第一电流J1与第二电流J2的相位相差90°。在其他实施方式中，第一电流J1的相位为0°-180°，第二电流J2的相位为90°-180°，所以第一电流J1中的0°-90°的电流的相位与第二电流J2的相位相差90°。可以理解的，第一电流J1与第二电流J2的幅度相等或相近。For example, the phase of the first current J1 is 0°-90°, and the phase of the second current J2 is 90°-180°, so the phase difference between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is 90°. In other embodiments, the phase of the first current J1 is 0°-180°, and the phase of the second current J2 is 90°-270°, so the phase difference between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is 90°. In other embodiments, the phase of the first current J1 is 0°-180°, and the phase of the second current J2 is 90°-180°, so the phase of the current of 0°-90° in the first current J1 is 90° different from the phase of the second current J2. It can be understood that the amplitudes of the first current J1 and the second current J2 are equal or similar.
至少部分的所述第一电流J1的相位与至少部分的所述第二电流J2的相位之差为90°。第一电流J1所在的辐射段与第二电流J2所在的辐射段垂直。当两段相位相差90°的等幅电流且处于正交方向上时，所述第一电流J1与所述第二电流J2能够产生圆极化波，使天线组件100能够收发圆极化信号，以在移动通信、卫星通信、雷达、遥感遥测和电子对抗等应用领域具有更好的应用。The phase difference between at least part of the first current J1 and at least part of the second current J2 is 90°. The radiation section where the first current J1 is located is perpendicular to the radiation section where the second current J2 is located. When two equal-amplitude currents with a phase difference of 90° are in orthogonal directions, the first current J1 and the second current J2 can generate circularly polarized waves, so that the antenna assembly 100 can transmit and receive circularly polarized signals, so as to have better applications in mobile communications, satellite communications, radar, remote sensing and telemetry, and electronic countermeasures.
本申请实施例提供的天线组件100及电子设备1000，通过设置垂直连接的第一辐射段11及第二辐射段12，第一辐射段11远离第二辐射段12的馈电端111电连接信号源20，第二辐射段12远离第一辐射段11的一端为延伸端121；信号源20用于激励第一辐射段11及第二辐射段12形成的第一谐振模式，由于信号源20电连接第一辐射段11的端部，从信号源20发射的射频信号经馈电端111朝向第二辐射段12所在方向流动，第一谐振模式在第一辐射段11上形成第一电流J1及在第二辐射段12上形成第二电流J2，所述第二电流J2分布于所述第二辐射段12靠近所述第一辐射段11的部分，第一电流J1的相位与第二电流J2的相位之差为90°，第一电流J1与第二电流J2之间等幅、相位相差90°、且分别在相互垂直(或接近垂直)的两个辐射段上，第一电流J1与第二电流J2用于产生圆极化波。The antenna assembly 100 and the electronic device 1000 provided in the embodiment of the present application are provided with a first radiating section 11 and a second radiating section 12 connected vertically, wherein a feeding end 111 of the first radiating section 11 away from the second radiating section 12 is electrically connected to a signal source 20, and an end of the second radiating section 12 away from the first radiating section 11 is an extension end 121; the signal source 20 is used to excite a first resonant mode formed by the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12, and since the signal source 20 is electrically connected to the end of the first radiating section 11, the RF signal emitted from the signal source 20 is transmitted toward the first resonant mode through the feeding end 111. The first resonant mode forms a first current J1 on the first radiation segment 11 and a second current J2 on the second radiation segment 12. The second current J2 is distributed in the second radiation segment 12 close to the first radiation segment 11. The phase difference between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is 90°. The first current J1 and the second current J2 have equal amplitudes and a phase difference of 90°, and are respectively in two radiation segments that are perpendicular (or nearly perpendicular) to each other. The first current J1 and the second current J2 are used to generate circularly polarized waves.
由于本申请中的天线组件100为端馈，信号源20激励的电流从端部朝向一个方向流动，以在垂直连接的第一辐射段11及第二辐射段12上产生相邻、正交且等幅相位相差90度的第一电流J1和第二电流J2，以形成圆极化波，占据空间小且能够支持移动通信、卫星通信、雷达、遥感遥测和电子对抗等。Since the antenna assembly 100 in the present application is end-fed, the current excited by the signal source 20 flows from the end toward one direction to generate adjacent, orthogonal, equal-amplitude, and 90-degree phase-difference first currents J1 and second currents J2 on the vertically connected first radiation segment 11 and second radiation segment 12 to form circularly polarized waves, which occupy a small space and can support mobile communications, satellite communications, radar, remote sensing and telemetry, and electronic countermeasures, etc.
本申请中，请参阅图3，定义所述第一辐射段11与所述第二辐射段12之间的连接处为第一连接点A。所述第一电流J1与所述第二电流J2之间的分界点为第一分界点B。In the present application, referring to FIG3 , the connection point between the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 is defined as a first connection point A. The dividing point between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is a first dividing point B.
本实施例中，通过设计第一辐射段11的长度与第二辐射段12的长度，使所述第一分界点B与所述第一连接点A之间尽可能相近，如此，第一电流J1尽可能多的位于第一辐射段11上，第二电流J2尽可能多的位于第二辐射段12上，使第一电流J1与第二电流J2上有更多的部分为相位相差90°。In this embodiment, by designing the length of the first radiation segment 11 and the length of the second radiation segment 12, the first dividing point B and the first connection point A are made as close as possible. In this way, the first current J1 is located on the first radiation segment 11 as much as possible, and the second current J2 is located on the second radiation segment 12 as much as possible, so that more parts of the first current J1 and the second current J2 have a phase difference of 90°.
以第一电流J1的相位是0°-90°，第二电流J2的相位是90°-180°为例。例如，当第一分界点B位于第一辐射段11上时，第一电流J1位于第一辐射段11，第二电流J2的一部分位于第一辐射段11，第二电流J2的另一部分位于第二辐射段12上，例如，第二电流J2的90°-0°相位的电流位于第一辐射段11上，第二电流J2的0°-180°相位的电流位于第二辐射段12上。如此，0°-180°相位的电流与第一电流J1的°-90°相位的电流形成圆极化波。形成圆极化波的电流相位范围为80°。当第一分界点B与第一连接点A之间的距离越大时，位于第一辐射段11上的第二电流J2越多，第二辐射段12上第二电流J2越少，与第一电流J1形成圆极化波的第二电流J2越少，圆极化性能下降。所以第一分界点B与第一连接点A之间的距离越小，位于第一辐射段11上的第二电流J2越少，位于第二辐射段12上的第二电流J2越多，与第一电流J1形成圆极化波的第二电流J2越多，圆极化性能越好。Take the example that the phase of the first current J1 is 0°-90° and the phase of the second current J2 is 90°-180°. For example, when the first demarcation point B is located on the first radiation segment 11, the first current J1 is located on the first radiation segment 11, a part of the second current J2 is located on the first radiation segment 11, and another part of the second current J2 is located on the second radiation segment 12. For example, the current with a phase of 90°-0° of the second current J2 is located on the first radiation segment 11, and the current with a phase of 0°-180° of the second current J2 is located on the second radiation segment 12. In this way, the current with a phase of 0°-180° and the current with a phase of 0°-90° of the first current J1 form a circularly polarized wave. The current phase range for forming a circularly polarized wave is 80°. When the distance between the first demarcation point B and the first connection point A is larger, the more second current J2 is located on the first radiation segment 11, the less second current J2 is located on the second radiation segment 12, the less second current J2 forms a circularly polarized wave with the first current J1, and the circular polarization performance decreases. Therefore, the smaller the distance between the first demarcation point B and the first connection point A, the less second current J2 is located on the first radiation segment 11, the more second current J2 is located on the second radiation segment 12, the more second current J2 forms a circularly polarized wave with the first current J1, and the better the circular polarization performance.
以上为第一分界点B位于第一辐射段11的举例，当然，在其他实施方式中，第一分界点B还可以位于第二辐射段12上，电流分布也有相应的调整，具体的参考上述的举例。The above is an example in which the first demarcation point B is located on the first radiation segment 11. Of course, in other embodiments, the first demarcation point B may also be located on the second radiation segment 12, and the current distribution may also be adjusted accordingly. Please refer to the above example for details.
本实施例中，请参阅图3、图5及图6，所述第一分界点B与所述第一连接点A之间的距离小于或等于所述第一辐射段11的1/5。若第一分界点B与第一连接点A之间的距离过大，将导致第一电流J1与第二电流J2所形成的圆极化波的辐射性能低，无法达到使用标准。当第一分界端点与所述第一连接点A之间的距离小于或等于所述第一辐射段11的1/5时，第一电流J1与第二电流J2能够形成圆极化波，且能够达到对圆极化波的使用标准。In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 3, 5 and 6, the distance between the first demarcation point B and the first connection point A is less than or equal to 1/5 of the first radiation segment 11. If the distance between the first demarcation point B and the first connection point A is too large, the radiation performance of the circularly polarized wave formed by the first current J1 and the second current J2 will be low and cannot meet the use standard. When the distance between the first demarcation end point and the first connection point A is less than or equal to 1/5 of the first radiation segment 11, the first current J1 and the second current J2 can form a circularly polarized wave and can meet the use standard for the circularly polarized wave.
可选的，请参阅图3，所述第一分界点B位于所述第一连接点A。当第一电流J1与第二电流J2的分界点位于第一连接点A时，第一电流J1位于第一辐射段11，所述第二电流J2位于第二辐射段12。第一电流J1的全部与第二电流J2的全部形成一组正交且等幅相位相差90°的电流对，进而提升圆极化性能。Optionally, referring to FIG3 , the first demarcation point B is located at the first connection point A. When the demarcation point between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is located at the first connection point A, the first current J1 is located at the first radiation segment 11, and the second current J2 is located at the second radiation segment 12. The entire first current J1 and the entire second current J2 form a set of orthogonal current pairs with equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90°, thereby improving the circular polarization performance.
所述第一电流J1的工作模式为1/4波长模式。所述第二电流J2的工作模式为1/4波长模式。第一电流J1的相位跨度为90°，第二电流J2的相位跨度为90°。当信号源20从馈电端111、经第一辐射段11流向第二辐射段12时，第一电流J1的相位为0°-90°，第二电流J2的相位为90°-180°如此，形成正交等幅且相位相差90°的电流对，便于形成圆极化波。The working mode of the first current J1 is 1/4 wavelength mode. The working mode of the second current J2 is 1/4 wavelength mode. The phase span of the first current J1 is 90°, and the phase span of the second current J2 is 90°. When the signal source 20 flows from the feeding end 111 through the first radiation section 11 to the second radiation section 12, the phase of the first current J1 is 0°-90°, and the phase of the second current J2 is 90°-180°. In this way, a current pair with orthogonal equal amplitude and a phase difference of 90° is formed, which is convenient for forming a circularly polarized wave.
本申请对于第一电流J1的方向与第二电流J2的方向不做具体的限定。可选的，所述第一电流J1的方向与所述第二电流J2的方向相反。在很多的谐振模式所产生的电流中，两个电流为方向相反的电流。The present application does not specifically limit the direction of the first current J1 and the direction of the second current J2. Optionally, the direction of the first current J1 is opposite to the direction of the second current J2. In many currents generated by the resonance modes, the two currents are currents in opposite directions.
一般地，当第一电流J1与第二电流J2位于同一延伸方向的辐射段，即第一电流J1与第二电流J2位于直线型的辐射体上时，由于第一电流J1的方向与第二电流J2的方向相反，第一电流J1的方向与第二电流J2的方向之间的角度不再为180°，相反的电流可能导致第一电流J1的能量场与第二电流J2的能量场产生部分抵消，最终导致第一谐振模式的辐射效率有所下降。而本申请通过将第一电流J1与第二电流J2分别设于垂直连接的两个辐射段上，第一电流J1的方向与第二电流J2的方向之间的角度不再为180°，而是90°，进而有效地减少第一电流J1的能量场与第二电流J2的能量场抵消，提升第一谐振模式的辐射效率；此外，还利用第一电流J1与第二电流J2形成圆极化波，提升天线组件100在多个方向收发天线信号的性能。Generally, when the first current J1 and the second current J2 are located in the radiation section of the same extension direction, that is, the first current J1 and the second current J2 are located on a linear radiator, since the direction of the first current J1 is opposite to the direction of the second current J2, the angle between the direction of the first current J1 and the direction of the second current J2 is no longer 180°, and the opposite currents may cause the energy field of the first current J1 and the energy field of the second current J2 to partially cancel each other, ultimately resulting in a decrease in the radiation efficiency of the first resonant mode. However, the present application sets the first current J1 and the second current J2 on two vertically connected radiation sections respectively, so that the angle between the direction of the first current J1 and the direction of the second current J2 is no longer 180°, but 90°, thereby effectively reducing the energy field of the first current J1 and the energy field of the second current J2. Cancellation, improve the radiation efficiency of the first resonant mode; in addition, the first current J1 and the second current J2 are used to form a circularly polarized wave, thereby improving the performance of the antenna assembly 100 in transmitting and receiving antenna signals in multiple directions.
本申请对于第二辐射段12上的电流不做限定，可选的，第二辐射段12上可仅分布第二电流J2，或者，第二辐射段12上可分布第二电流J2及其他电流。换言之，本申请对于第一谐振模式的电流模式不做限定。The present application does not limit the current on the second radiation section 12. Optionally, only the second current J2 may be distributed on the second radiation section 12, or the second current J2 and other currents may be distributed on the second radiation section 12. In other words, the present application does not limit the current mode of the first resonance mode.
第一种实施例中，请参阅图3，所述第一谐振模式为3/4波长模式。第一电流J1与第二电流J2的电流路径皆接近1/4波长。所述第一谐振模式在所述第二辐射段12还形成第三电流J3。所述第三电流J3分布于所述第二辐射段12远离所述第一辐射段11的部分。所述第三电流J3的方向与所述第二电流J2的方向相同。第三电流J3的工作模式也为1/4波长模式。第三电流J3的电流路径接近1/4波长。本实施方式中，延伸端121为自由端，即延伸端121相对于参考地处于悬空的状态。In the first embodiment, please refer to Figure 3, the first resonant mode is a 3/4 wavelength mode. The current paths of the first current J1 and the second current J2 are both close to 1/4 wavelength. The first resonant mode also forms a third current J3 in the second radiation segment 12. The third current J3 is distributed in the part of the second radiation segment 12 away from the first radiation segment 11. The direction of the third current J3 is the same as the direction of the second current J2. The working mode of the third current J3 is also a 1/4 wavelength mode. The current path of the third current J3 is close to 1/4 wavelength. In this embodiment, the extension end 121 is a free end, that is, the extension end 121 is in a suspended state relative to the reference ground.
信号源20激励第一辐射体10上产生第一谐振模式的电流模式为分布在第一辐射段11上的第一电流J1、第一电流J1从第一分界点B流向馈电端111，并在馈电端111结束，其中，第一分界点B可以位于第一辐射段11上，也可以位于第二辐射段12上，还可以位于连接点上。第二电流J2从第一分界点B为起点，第二电流J2主要分布在第二辐射段12上，在第二电流J2的终点位置，开始第三电流J3，第三电流J3的终点位于所述延伸端121。The current mode of the first resonant mode generated by the first radiator 10 stimulated by the signal source 20 is a first current J1 distributed on the first radiation section 11, the first current J1 flows from the first demarcation point B to the feeding end 111, and ends at the feeding end 111, wherein the first demarcation point B can be located on the first radiation section 11, or on the second radiation section 12, or on the connection point. The second current J2 starts from the first demarcation point B, the second current J2 is mainly distributed on the second radiation section 12, and the third current J3 starts at the end position of the second current J2, and the end point of the third current J3 is located at the extension end 121.
本实施方式中，通过对第一辐射体10的长度设计，使信号源20激励第一辐射体10上产生3/4波长模式，还对第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的长度进行设计，使1/4波长模式的第一电流J1位于第一辐射段11上，1/4波长模式的第二电流J2和1/4波长模式的第三电流J3位于第二辐射段12上。其中，第一电流J1与第二电流J2之间的第一分界点B可以位于第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的连接点，或偏离于第一连接点A大约±20％左右，以便于产生圆极化波，且又不会对第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的长度进行过于严格的限定。In this embodiment, the length of the first radiator 10 is designed so that the signal source 20 excites the first radiator 10 to generate a 3/4 wavelength mode, and the lengths of the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 are designed so that the first current J1 of the 1/4 wavelength mode is located on the first radiation section 11, and the second current J2 of the 1/4 wavelength mode and the third current J3 of the 1/4 wavelength mode are located on the second radiation section 12. Among them, the first dividing point B between the first current J1 and the second current J2 can be located at the connection point of the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12, or deviate from the first connection point A by about ±20%, so as to generate circularly polarized waves, and the lengths of the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 are not too strictly limited.
可选的，所述第二辐射段12的长度与所述第一辐射段11的长度之比为(1.5：1)-(2.5：1)。由于本申请中的第一谐振模式为3/4波长模式，为了满足产生圆极化波的要求，使1/4波长模式的第一电流J1主要分布在第一辐射段11，1/4波长模式的第二电流J2主要分布在第二辐射段12，1/4波长模式的第三电流J3分布在第二辐射段12。其中，第一电流J1与第二电流J2之间的第一分界点B可以位于第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的连接点，或偏离于第一连接点A大约±20％左右，以便于产生圆极化波，如此，得到的所述第二辐射段12的长度与所述第一辐射段11的长度之比为(1.5：1)-(2.5：1)。Optionally, the ratio of the length of the second radiation segment 12 to the length of the first radiation segment 11 is (1.5:1)-(2.5:1). Since the first resonance mode in the present application is a 3/4 wavelength mode, in order to meet the requirements of generating circularly polarized waves, the first current J1 of the 1/4 wavelength mode is mainly distributed in the first radiation segment 11, the second current J2 of the 1/4 wavelength mode is mainly distributed in the second radiation segment 12, and the third current J3 of the 1/4 wavelength mode is distributed in the second radiation segment 12. Among them, the first dividing point B between the first current J1 and the second current J2 can be located at the connection point between the first radiation segment 11 and the second radiation segment 12, or deviate from the first connection point A by about ±20%, so as to generate circularly polarized waves. In this way, the ratio of the length of the second radiation segment 12 to the length of the first radiation segment 11 is (1.5:1)-(2.5:1).
进一步地，当第二辐射段12的长度与第一辐射段11的长度之比约为2:1时，第一分界点B接近或位于第一连接点A，使第一电流J1全部或接近全部分布于第一辐射段11上，第二电流J2全部或接近全部分布于第二辐射段12上，如此，第一电流J1与第二电流J2之间的相位差为90°的相位跨度为90°或接近90°，进而提高第一电流J1与第二电流J2形成圆极化波的性能。Furthermore, when the ratio of the length of the second radiation segment 12 to the length of the first radiation segment 11 is approximately 2:1, the first dividing point B is close to or located at the first connection point A, so that the first current J1 is entirely or almost entirely distributed on the first radiation segment 11, and the second current J2 is entirely or almost entirely distributed on the second radiation segment 12. In this way, the phase span of the phase difference of 90° between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is 90° or close to 90°, thereby improving the performance of the first current J1 and the second current J2 in forming a circularly polarized wave.
定义第一谐振模式所支持的频段为第一频段。本申请对于第一频段不做具体的限定。可选的，第一频段包括但不限于为LB频段、MHB频段、Wi-Fi 2.4G频段、N78频段、Wi-Fi5G频段等。The frequency band supported by the first resonance mode is defined as the first frequency band. This application does not specifically limit the first frequency band. Optionally, the first frequency band includes but is not limited to the LB frequency band, the MHB frequency band, the Wi-Fi 2.4G frequency band, the N78 frequency band, the Wi-Fi 5G frequency band, etc.
请参阅图7，所述信号源20还激励所述第一辐射体10形成的第二谐振模式。所述第二谐振模式为1/4波长模式。所述第二谐振模式的电流从所述馈电端111流向所述延伸端121。7 , the signal source 20 further excites the second resonance mode formed by the first radiator 10 . The second resonance mode is a 1/4 wavelength mode. The current of the second resonance mode flows from the feeding end 111 to the extending end 121 .
通过在信号源20提供激励信号，设计第一辐射体10的长度，以及匹配电路，使第一辐射体10上同时形成支持第一频段的第一谐振模式和支持第二频段的第二谐振模式，以增加天线组件100所支持的频段数量。By providing an excitation signal in the signal source 20, designing the length of the first radiator 10, and the matching circuit, a first resonant mode supporting the first frequency band and a second resonant mode supporting the second frequency band are simultaneously formed on the first radiator 10, so as to increase the number of frequency bands supported by the antenna assembly 100.
第二频段的最大值小于第一频段的最小值。例如，第二频段为LB频段。第一频段为MHB频段(例如B41频段)或Wi-Fi 2.4G频段等。The maximum value of the second frequency band is less than the minimum value of the first frequency band. For example, the second frequency band is the LB frequency band. The first frequency band is the MHB frequency band (for example, the B41 frequency band) or the Wi-Fi 2.4G frequency band, etc.
请参阅图8，所述天线组件100还包括第一切换电路M2。第一切换电路M2电连接第一辐射体10。所述第一切换电路M2用于改变所述第二谐振模式所支持的频段大小。可以理解的，第一切换电路M2电连接的位置为第二谐振模式的电流弱区。可以理解的，靠近馈电端111的位置为第二谐振模式的电流强区。本申请中，第一切换电路M2电连接与第二辐射段12，此位置为第二谐振模式的相对较弱的位置，此时第一切换电路M2通过调节自身的阻抗，可以调节第二谐振模式的电流分布，进而改变第二谐振模式所支持的频段大小。Please refer to Figure 8, the antenna assembly 100 also includes a first switching circuit M2. The first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the first radiator 10. The first switching circuit M2 is used to change the frequency band size supported by the second resonance mode. It can be understood that the position where the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected is the current weak area of the second resonance mode. It can be understood that the position close to the feeding end 111 is the current strong area of the second resonance mode. In the present application, the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the second radiation section 12, and this position is a relatively weak position of the second resonance mode. At this time, the first switching circuit M2 can adjust the current distribution of the second resonance mode by adjusting its own impedance, thereby changing the frequency band size supported by the second resonance mode.
其中，第二谐振模式在第二辐射段12的电流强度比第二谐振模式在第一辐射段11上的电流强度小。第二辐射段12相对于第一辐射段11为第二谐振模式的电流弱区。The current intensity of the second resonance mode in the second radiation section 12 is smaller than the current intensity of the second resonance mode in the first radiation section 11. The second radiation section 12 is a current weak area of the second resonance mode relative to the first radiation section 11.
本实施方式通过在第二谐振模式的电流强区电连接第一切换电路M2，第一切换电路M2通过调节自身的阻抗，可以调节第一辐射体10的电长度，进而改变第二谐振模式所支持的频段大小。In this embodiment, by electrically connecting the first switching circuit M2 in the current strong region of the second resonance mode, the first switching circuit M2 can adjust the electrical length of the first radiator 10 by adjusting its own impedance, thereby changing the frequency band supported by the second resonance mode.
所述第一切换电路M2还用于在改变所述第二谐振模式所支持的频段大小时保持所述第一谐振模式所支持的频段不变。The first switching circuit M2 is further configured to keep the frequency band supported by the first resonance mode unchanged when changing the size of the frequency band supported by the second resonance mode.
具体的，请参阅图9，所述第一切换电路M2电连接第二辐射段12的第二连接点C。其中，所述第二连接点C位于所述第一谐振模式的电流强区H与所述第二谐振模式的电流弱区的重叠区域。9 , the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the second connection point C of the second radiation segment 12. The second connection point C is located in the overlapping area of the strong current region H of the first resonance mode and the weak current region of the second resonance mode.
本实施例中，请参阅图9-图11，所述第一谐振模式在所述第二辐射段12上的电流强区为与第二分界点之间的距离小于或等于所述第一谐振模式所支持频段的1/16波长的区域。其中，所述第二电流J2与所述第三电流J3之间的分界点为第二分界点D。第二电流J2与第三电流J3为同向电流，且分别为1/4波长模式。具体的，第二电流J2的强度变化为从第一分界点B至第二分界点D逐渐增强，第三电流J3的强度变化为第三分界点至延伸端121逐渐减小。第二电流J2与第三电流J3之间的第二分界点D为电流强点。第二电流J2与第三电流J3在第二辐射段12上所形成的电流强区H为以第二分界点D(即电流强点)为中心点，距离该中心点1/16波长的范围内的区域为所述第一谐振模式在所述第二辐射段12上的电流强区H。In this embodiment, please refer to Figures 9 to 11. The current strong area of the first resonant mode on the second radiation section 12 is an area whose distance from the second demarcation point is less than or equal to 1/16 wavelength of the frequency band supported by the first resonant mode. Among them, the demarcation point between the second current J2 and the third current J3 is the second demarcation point D. The second current J2 and the third current J3 are currents in the same direction, and are 1/4 wavelength modes respectively. Specifically, the intensity of the second current J2 changes from the first demarcation point B to the second demarcation point D to gradually increase, and the intensity of the third current J3 changes from the third demarcation point to the extension end 121 to gradually decrease. The second demarcation point D between the second current J2 and the third current J3 is the current strong point. The current strong area H formed by the second current J2 and the third current J3 on the second radiation section 12 is the area with the second demarcation point D (i.e., the current strong point) as the center point, and the area within the range of 1/16 wavelength from the center point is the current strong area H of the first resonant mode on the second radiation section 12.
由于第一切换电路M2电连接于第二辐射段12上对应于第一谐振模式的电流强区H的位置，第一切换电路M2电连接与第一谐振模式的电流所形成的电壁位置，此位置即使第一切换电路M2切换其自身的阻抗，也不会影响第一谐振模式的电流分布，进而不会改变第一谐振模式所支持的频段大小。Since the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the position of the current strong area H corresponding to the first resonance mode on the second radiation segment 12, the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the position of the electric wall formed by the current of the first resonance mode. Even if the first switching circuit M2 switches its own impedance at this position, it will not affect the current distribution of the first resonance mode, and thus will not change the frequency band supported by the first resonance mode.
本申请通过将第一切换电路M2电连接于所述第二连接点C位于所述第一谐振模式的电流强区与所述第二谐振模式的电流弱区H的重叠区域，在第一切换电路M2切换自身的阻抗时，第二谐振模式的电流分布变化，且第一谐振模式的电流分布不变，进而实现对第二频段的可调，同时保持第一频段的常驻。The present application electrically connects the first switching circuit M2 to the second connection point C located in the overlapping area of the current strong area of the first resonance mode and the current weak area H of the second resonance mode. When the first switching circuit M2 switches its own impedance, the current distribution of the second resonance mode changes, and the current distribution of the first resonance mode remains unchanged, thereby achieving the adjustability of the second frequency band while maintaining the permanent state of the first frequency band.
通过设计第一辐射体10的大小以及匹配电路、第一切换电路M2，使第一频段为B41频段，第二频段为LB频段。本实施方式能够实现从B28频段切换至B5频段等。并且，在切换过程中，天线组件100能够保持B41频段常驻态，进而实现保持常用频段的常驻，在弱信号场景下，LB频段相较于MHB频段、UHB频段更有优势，此时天线组件100具有LB频段切换能力，能够很好的在弱信号场景也保持良好的通信质量，以避免信号不良或无信号的问题。By designing the size of the first radiator 10, the matching circuit, and the first switching circuit M2, the first frequency band is the B41 frequency band, and the second frequency band is the LB frequency band. This embodiment can achieve switching from the B28 frequency band to the B5 frequency band, etc. Moreover, during the switching process, the antenna component 100 can maintain the B41 frequency band in a permanent state, thereby achieving the permanent maintenance of the commonly used frequency band. In a weak signal scenario, the LB frequency band is more advantageous than the MHB frequency band and the UHB frequency band. At this time, the antenna component 100 has the LB frequency band switching capability, which can well maintain good communication quality in a weak signal scenario to avoid the problem of poor signal or no signal.
进一步地，通过设计第一分界点B位于第一连接点A，第二电流J2在第二辐射段12上的路径长度与第三电流J3在第二辐射段12上的路径长度相同，使第二分界点D位于第二辐射段12的中点位置，则第二连接点C位于与第二辐射段12的中点位置相距1/16波长的范围内。Furthermore, by designing the first dividing point B to be located at the first connection point A, the path length of the second current J2 on the second radiation segment 12 is the same as the path length of the third current J3 on the second radiation segment 12, and the second dividing point D is located at the midpoint of the second radiation segment 12, then the second connection point C is located within 1/16 wavelength from the midpoint of the second radiation segment 12.
进一步地，请参阅图9，第二连接点C可位于第二分界点D的位置。当第二分界点D位于第二辐射段12的中点位置时，第二连接点C位于第二辐射段12的中点位置，第一切换电路M2电连接与第二辐射段12的中点位置。9 , the second connection point C may be located at the second demarcation point D. When the second demarcation point D is located at the midpoint of the second radiation segment 12 , the second connection point C is located at the midpoint of the second radiation segment 12 , and the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the midpoint of the second radiation segment 12 .
当然，在其他实施方式中，第一切换电路M2也可以位于第一谐振模式的电流弱区与第二谐振模式的电流弱区的重叠区域，使第一切换电路M2可以对第一频段与第二频段一并调节，进而实现多组LB频段+MHB频段的频段组合。Of course, in other embodiments, the first switching circuit M2 may also be located in the overlapping area of the current weak zone of the first resonance mode and the current weak zone of the second resonance mode, so that the first switching circuit M2 can adjust the first frequency band and the second frequency band together, thereby realizing a frequency band combination of multiple groups of LB frequency bands + MHB frequency bands.
本申请对于第一切换电路M2可选择的阻抗值的数量不做具体的限定。换言之，第一切换电路M2可选择的阻抗值的数量为多个，通过切换至不同的阻抗值，以调节所述天线组件100所支持的频段大小。The present application does not specifically limit the number of selectable impedance values of the first switching circuit M2. In other words, the first switching circuit M2 can select multiple impedance values, and the frequency band supported by the antenna assembly 100 can be adjusted by switching to different impedance values.
本申请对于第一切换电路M2的具体结构不做限定，以下结合附图对于第一切换电路M2的具体结构进行举例说明。The present application does not limit the specific structure of the first switching circuit M2. The specific structure of the first switching circuit M2 is illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
请参阅图12，所述第一切换电路M2包括开关单元K1及多条阻抗支路。Please refer to FIG. 12 , the first switching circuit M2 includes a switch unit K1 and a plurality of impedance branches.
举例而言，多条阻抗支路包括第一阻抗支路N1、第二阻抗支路N2及第三阻抗支路N3。所述开关单元K1的固定端电连接所述连接端112，所述开关单元K1的选择端能够在所述第一阻抗支路N1、所述第二阻抗支路N2及所述第三阻抗支路N3中选择任意一者电连接。第一阻抗支路N1、第二阻抗支路N2及第三阻抗支路N3远离开关单元的一端接地。For example, the plurality of impedance branches include a first impedance branch N1, a second impedance branch N2, and a third impedance branch N3. The fixed end of the switch unit K1 is electrically connected to the connection end 112, and the selection end of the switch unit K1 can select any one of the first impedance branch N1, the second impedance branch N2, and the third impedance branch N3 to be electrically connected. The first impedance branch N1, the second impedance branch N2, and the third impedance branch N3 are grounded at one end away from the switch unit.
可选的，所述第一阻抗支路N1的阻抗值大于所述第二阻抗支路N2的阻抗值，所述第二阻抗支路N2的阻抗值大于所述第三阻抗支路N3的阻抗值。Optionally, the impedance value of the first impedance branch N1 is greater than the impedance value of the second impedance branch N2, and the impedance value of the second impedance branch N2 is greater than the impedance value of the third impedance branch N3.
当所述开关单元K1的选择端电连接第一阻抗支路N1时，所述第一切换电路M2处于高阻抗状态；当所述开关单元K1的选择端电连接第二阻抗支路N2时，所述第一切换电路M2处于中等阻抗状态；当所述开关单元K1的选择端电连接所述第三阻抗支路N3时，所述第一切换电路M2处于低阻抗状态。如此实现对第二谐振模式中电流路径的调节，进而调节第二谐振模式所支持的频段大小。When the selection end of the switch unit K1 is electrically connected to the first impedance branch N1, the first switching circuit M2 is in a high impedance state; when the selection end of the switch unit K1 is electrically connected to the second impedance branch N2, the first switching circuit M2 is in a medium impedance state; when the selection end of the switch unit K1 is electrically connected to the third impedance branch N3, the first switching circuit M2 is in a low impedance state. In this way, the current path in the second resonance mode is adjusted, and the frequency band supported by the second resonance mode is adjusted.
本申请对于第一阻抗支路N1、第二阻抗支路N2及第三阻抗支路N3不做具体的限定。第一阻抗支路N1、第二阻抗支路N2及第三阻抗支路N3可以包括电容或电感中的至少一者。当然，第一阻抗支路N1、第二阻抗支路N2及第三阻抗支路N3中的一者可以为直接短路下地的支路。The present application does not specifically limit the first impedance branch N1, the second impedance branch N2, and the third impedance branch N3. The first impedance branch N1, the second impedance branch N2, and the third impedance branch N3 may include at least one of a capacitor or an inductor. Of course, one of the first impedance branch N1, the second impedance branch N2, and the third impedance branch N3 may be a branch that is directly short-circuited to the ground.
本申请对于阻抗支路的数量不做限定。可选的，阻抗支路还可以为一个、两个、四个或四个以上等。The present application does not limit the number of impedance branches. Optionally, the impedance branch may be one, two, four, or more than four.
当然，在其他实施方式中，第一切换电路M2可不包括开关单元，而是包括接地的可变电容。通过调节第一切换电路M2中的可变电容的大小，调节第一切换电路M2的阻抗值，进而实现对第二谐振模式中电流路径的调节，以调节第二谐振模式所支持的频段大小。Of course, in other embodiments, the first switching circuit M2 may not include a switch unit, but include a grounded variable capacitor. By adjusting the size of the variable capacitor in the first switching circuit M2, the impedance value of the first switching circuit M2 is adjusted, thereby adjusting the current path in the second resonance mode to adjust the frequency band supported by the second resonance mode.
当然，在其他实施方式中，第一切换电路M2中第一阻抗支路N1、第二阻抗支路N2及第三阻抗支路N3中至少一个支路包括可调电容。Of course, in other implementations, at least one of the first impedance branch N1 , the second impedance branch N2 , and the third impedance branch N3 in the first switching circuit M2 includes an adjustable capacitor.
以下以第一种实施例中第一频段支持B41频段，第二频段为LB频段为例进行举例说明。The following is an example in which the first frequency band supports the B41 frequency band and the second frequency band is the LB frequency band.
本实施例中，第二谐振模式为馈电端111到延伸端121的四分之一波长模式，第一谐振模式为馈电端111到延伸端121的四分之三波长模式。In this embodiment, the second resonance mode is a quarter wavelength mode from the feeding end 111 to the extension end 121 , and the first resonance mode is a three quarter wavelength mode from the feeding end 111 to the extension end 121 .
请参阅图9，将第一谐振模式的电流分成三部分电流，分别为第一电流J1、第二电流J2、第三电流J3。其中，第一电流J1和第二电流J2满足方向垂直正交，且相位上相差90度，满足了圆极化产生的条件。进一步地，第一电流J1和第二电流J2之间的第一分界点B位于第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12之间的第一连接点A。Please refer to FIG9 , the current of the first resonant mode is divided into three parts, namely the first current J1, the second current J2, and the third current J3. Among them, the first current J1 and the second current J2 are perpendicular to each other and are 90 degrees apart in phase, which satisfies the condition for circular polarization. Furthermore, the first dividing point B between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is located at the first connection point A between the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12.
请参阅图13，图13为本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的S参数和效率。Please refer to FIG. 13 , which shows the S parameters and efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application.
其中，曲线S11是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的S参数曲线。曲线S11中的点1为第二谐振模式的中心频率，点1所在的波对应的频段为第一频段，从图中可以看出第一频段覆盖N28频段。曲线S11中的点2为第一谐振模式的中心频率，点2所在的波对应的频段为第二频段，从图中可以看出第二频段覆盖B41频段。Among them, curve S11 is the S parameter curve of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application. Point 1 in curve S11 is the center frequency of the second resonant mode, and the frequency band corresponding to the wave where point 1 is located is the first frequency band. It can be seen from the figure that the first frequency band covers the N28 frequency band. Point 2 in curve S11 is the center frequency of the first resonant mode, and the frequency band corresponding to the wave where point 2 is located is the second frequency band. It can be seen from the figure that the second frequency band covers the B41 frequency band.
曲线S12是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的辐射效率曲线。曲线S13是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的总效率曲线。从效率曲线可知，对应于第一频段和第二频段皆具有较好的效率。从曲线S13可以看出，第一频段和第二频段处效率具有明显的提升。Curve S12 is a radiation efficiency curve of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application. Curve S13 is a total efficiency curve of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application. From the efficiency curve, it can be seen that both the first frequency band and the second frequency band have good efficiency. From curve S13, it can be seen that the efficiency in the first frequency band and the second frequency band is significantly improved.
请参阅图14，图14为本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的圆极化参数。其中，曲线①是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100所产生的圆极化波的轴比。可以看出，图中2.5GHz附近的圆极化波的轴比为2，其轴比小于圆极化波轴比阈值3，说明第一频段产生的波为圆极化波。Please refer to FIG. 14, which is a circular polarization parameter of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application. Among them, curve ① is the axial ratio of the circularly polarized wave generated by the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application. It can be seen that the axial ratio of the circularly polarized wave near 2.5 GHz in the figure is 2, and its axial ratio is less than the axial ratio threshold value of the circularly polarized wave 3, indicating that the wave generated in the first frequency band is a circularly polarized wave.
曲线②是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100所产生的圆极化波的右旋圆极化增益。曲线③是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100所产生的圆极化波的左旋圆极化增益。其中，右旋圆极化增益与左旋圆极化增益之差为18dB，说明此时产生了很好的右旋圆极化波。在卫星通信中，主要采用右旋圆极化波进行通信，所以本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100可以很好的应用于卫星通信中。Curve ② is the right-hand circularly polarized gain of the circularly polarized wave generated by the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application. Curve ③ is the left-hand circularly polarized gain of the circularly polarized wave generated by the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application. Among them, the difference between the right-hand circularly polarized gain and the left-hand circularly polarized gain is 18dB, indicating that a good right-hand circularly polarized wave is generated at this time. In satellite communications, right-hand circularly polarized waves are mainly used for communication, so the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application can be well used in satellite communications.
本申请并不限于第一频段为2.5GHz附近的频段，通过改变第一频段的值，可以调节圆极化波的频段。本实施例中，B41的中心频点为2.5GHz附近，在其他实施方式中，第一频段的中心频点还可以为1.6GHz附近。The present application is not limited to the first frequency band being a frequency band near 2.5 GHz, and the frequency band of the circularly polarized wave can be adjusted by changing the value of the first frequency band. In this embodiment, the center frequency point of B41 is near 2.5 GHz, and in other implementations, the center frequency point of the first frequency band can also be near 1.6 GHz.
第二种实施例中，请参阅图4，所述第一谐振模式为1/2波长模式。第一电流J1的工作模式和第二电流J2的工作模式皆为1/4波长模式。且第一电流J1与第二电流J2的方向相反。本实施例中，所述自由端接地。可理解的，第一谐振模式为半loop模式。In the second embodiment, please refer to FIG. 4 , the first resonant mode is a 1/2 wavelength mode. The working mode of the first current J1 and the working mode of the second current J2 are both 1/4 wavelength modes. And the directions of the first current J1 and the second current J2 are opposite. In this embodiment, the free end is grounded. It can be understood that the first resonant mode is a half-loop mode.
信号源20激励第一辐射体10上产生第一谐振模式的电流模式为分布在第一辐射段11上的第一电流J1、第一电流J1从馈电端111流向第二辐射段12，并在第一分界点B结束，其中，第一分界点B可以位于第一辐射段11上，也可以位于第二辐射段12上，还可以位于连接点上。第二电流J2从第一分界点B为起点，第二电流J2主要分布在第二辐射段12上，第二电流J2的终点位于所述延伸端121，然后从延伸端121下地。The current mode of the first resonance mode generated by the signal source 20 on the first radiator 10 is the first current J1 distributed on the first radiation section 11, the first current J1 flows from the feeding end 111 to the second radiation section 12, and ends at the first demarcation point B, wherein the first demarcation point B can be located on the first radiation section 11, on the second radiation section 12, or on the connection point. The second current J2 starts from the first demarcation point B, the second current J2 is mainly distributed on the second radiation section 12, the end point of the second current J2 is located at the extension end 121, and then goes down to the ground from the extension end 121.
本实施方式中，通过对第一辐射体10的长度设计，使信号源20激励第一辐射体10上产生1/2波长模式，还对第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的长度进行设计，使1/4波长模式的第一电流J1位于第一辐射段11上，1/4波长模式的第二电流J2位于第二辐射段12上。其中，第一电流J1与第二电流J2之间的第一分界点B可以位于第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的连接点，或偏离于第一连接点A大约±20％左右，以便于产生圆极化波，且又不会对第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的长度进行过于严格的限定。In this embodiment, the length of the first radiator 10 is designed so that the signal source 20 excites the first radiator 10 to generate a 1/2 wavelength mode, and the lengths of the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 are designed so that the first current J1 of the 1/4 wavelength mode is located on the first radiation section 11, and the second current J2 of the 1/4 wavelength mode is located on the second radiation section 12. Among them, the first dividing point B between the first current J1 and the second current J2 can be located at the connection point of the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12, or deviate from the first connection point A by about ±20%, so as to generate circularly polarized waves, and the lengths of the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 are not too strictly limited.
可选的，请参阅图4、图15及图16，所述第二辐射段12的长度与所述第一辐射段11的长度之比为(0.8：1)-(1.2：1)。由于本申请中的第一谐振模式为1/2波长模式，为了满足产生圆极化波的要求，使1/4波长模式的第一电流J1主要分布在第一辐射段11，1/4波长模式的第二电流J2主要分布在第二辐射段12。其中，第一电流J1与第二电流J2之间的第一分界点B可以位于第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的连接点，或偏离于第一连接点A大约±20％左右，以便于产生圆极化波，如此，得到的所述第二辐射段12的长度与所述第一辐射段11的长度之比为(0.8：1)-(1.2：1)。Optionally, please refer to Figures 4, 15 and 16, the ratio of the length of the second radiation segment 12 to the length of the first radiation segment 11 is (0.8:1)-(1.2:1). Since the first resonance mode in the present application is a 1/2 wavelength mode, in order to meet the requirements of generating circularly polarized waves, the first current J1 of the 1/4 wavelength mode is mainly distributed in the first radiation segment 11, and the second current J2 of the 1/4 wavelength mode is mainly distributed in the second radiation segment 12. Among them, the first dividing point B between the first current J1 and the second current J2 can be located at the connection point between the first radiation segment 11 and the second radiation segment 12, or deviate from the first connection point A by about ±20%, so as to generate circularly polarized waves. In this way, the ratio of the length of the second radiation segment 12 to the length of the first radiation segment 11 is (0.8:1)-(1.2:1).
进一步地，当第二辐射段12的长度与第一辐射段11的长度之比约为1:1时，第一分界点B接近或位于第一连接点A，使第一电流J1全部或接近全部分布于第一辐射段11上，第二电流J2全部或接近全部分布于第二辐射段12上，如此，第一电流J1与第二电流J2之间的相位差为90°的相位跨度为90°或接近90°，进而提高第一电流J1与第二电流J2形成圆极化波的性能。Furthermore, when the ratio of the length of the second radiation segment 12 to the length of the first radiation segment 11 is approximately 1:1, the first dividing point B is close to or located at the first connection point A, so that the first current J1 is entirely or almost entirely distributed on the first radiation segment 11, and the second current J2 is entirely or almost entirely distributed on the second radiation segment 12. In this way, the phase span of the phase difference of 90° between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is 90° or close to 90°, thereby improving the performance of the first current J1 and the second current J2 in forming a circularly polarized wave.
本实施例中，请参阅图17，天线组件100还包括第二切换电路M3，第二切换电路M3电连接于延伸端121与参考地之间，所述第二切换电路M3通过切换阻抗值，以调节第一谐振模式所支持的频段大小。In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 17, the antenna assembly 100 also includes a second switching circuit M3, the second switching circuit M3 is electrically connected between the extension end 121 and the reference ground, and the second switching circuit M3 adjusts the frequency band supported by the first resonant mode by switching the impedance value.
所述第二切换电路M3可设于电路板500(结合图2)上，第二切换电路M3的一端通过天线弹片电连接于延伸端121。The second switching circuit M3 may be disposed on a circuit board 500 (see FIG. 2 ), and one end of the second switching circuit M3 is electrically connected to the extension end 121 through an antenna spring.
本申请对于第二切换电路M3的结构不做具体的限定。可选的，第二切换电路M3的结构可以参考第一切换电路M2的结构。The present application does not specifically limit the structure of the second switching circuit M3. Optionally, the structure of the second switching circuit M3 may refer to the structure of the first switching circuit M2.
以下以第二种实施例中第一频段支持B41频段为例进行举例说明。本实施例中，第一谐振模式为馈电端111到延伸端121的1/2波长模式。本实施例中，B41的中心频点为2.5GHz附近，在其他实施方式中，第一频段的中心频点还可以为1.6GHz附近。The following is an example of the first frequency band supporting the B41 frequency band in the second embodiment. In this embodiment, the first resonant mode is a 1/2 wavelength mode from the feeding end 111 to the extension end 121. In this embodiment, the center frequency of B41 is around 2.5 GHz. In other implementations, the center frequency of the first frequency band can also be around 1.6 GHz.
请参阅图18，图18是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件100的结构示意图。Please refer to FIG. 18 , which is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna assembly 100 provided in a third embodiment of the present application.
所述天线组件100还包括第二辐射体30。所述第二辐射体30包括相对设置的自由端31及接地端32。自由端31及接地端32为第二辐射体30的两个延伸端121。The antenna assembly 100 further includes a second radiator 30. The second radiator 30 includes a free end 31 and a ground end 32 which are oppositely disposed. The free end 31 and the ground end 32 are two extension ends 121 of the second radiator 30.
所述自由端31与所述延伸端121之间形成耦合缝隙33。本申请对于耦合缝隙33的大小不做限定，可选的，耦合缝隙33的大小可以为1mm-2mm。本实施例中，第一辐射体10、第二辐射体30通过所述耦合缝隙33容性耦合。其中，“容性耦合”是指，所述第一辐射体10与所述第二辐射体30之间产生电场，所述第一辐射体10上的电信号能够通过电场传递至所述第二辐射体30，以使所述第一辐射体10与所述第二辐射体30即使在不直接接触或不直接连接的状态下也能够实现电信号导通。可选的，所述第一辐射体10与所述第二辐射体30可沿直线排列或大致沿直线排列(即在设计过程中具有较小的公差)。A coupling gap 33 is formed between the free end 31 and the extension end 121. The present application does not limit the size of the coupling gap 33. Optionally, the size of the coupling gap 33 may be 1mm-2mm. In this embodiment, the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 30 are capacitively coupled through the coupling gap 33. Herein, "capacitive coupling" means that an electric field is generated between the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 30, and the electrical signal on the first radiator 10 can be transmitted to the second radiator 30 through the electric field, so that the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 30 can achieve electrical signal conduction even when they are not in direct contact or not directly connected. Optionally, the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 30 can be arranged in a straight line or approximately in a straight line (that is, with a smaller tolerance during the design process).
接地端32接地。本申请中的参考地系统为电子设备1000的电路板500中的参考地。接地端32通过接地弹片接地。进一步地，参考地系统可以为电子设备1000的中板的镁铝合金框架。当辐射体为金属边框320时，第二辐射体30的接地端32与中板的镁铝合金框架物理连接(为一体结构)，以实现接地。The ground terminal 32 is grounded. The reference ground system in the present application is the reference ground in the circuit board 500 of the electronic device 1000. The ground terminal 32 is grounded through a grounding spring. Further, the reference ground system can be the magnesium-aluminum alloy frame of the middle plate of the electronic device 1000. When the radiator is a metal frame 320, the ground terminal 32 of the second radiator 30 is physically connected to the magnesium-aluminum alloy frame of the middle plate (as an integrated structure) to achieve grounding.
请参阅图19，图19是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件100设于电子设备1000的拐角部的结构示意图。其中，第二辐射体30设于电池600旁。由于电池600一般未设置电路板500，所以电池600侧未设置天线，导致电池600旁的空间浪费，且产生的是线极化波，无法很好适应旋转的收发设备。而本申请通过将第二辐射体30设于电池600旁的边框320，既能够包容电池600旁边未设置电路板500的问题，还能够充分利用电池600旁的空间，其中，接地端32的接地可以通过中板的镁铝合金框架物理连接(为一体结构)。Please refer to Figure 19, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment of the present application, which is arranged at the corner of the electronic device 1000. Among them, the second radiator 30 is arranged next to the battery 600. Since the battery 600 is generally not provided with a circuit board 500, the antenna is not arranged on the side of the battery 600, resulting in a waste of space next to the battery 600, and the linear polarized wave is generated, which cannot adapt well to the rotating transceiver device. However, the present application can accommodate the problem of not having a circuit board 500 next to the battery 600 by arranging the second radiator 30 on the frame 320 next to the battery 600, and can also make full use of the space next to the battery 600, wherein the grounding of the ground terminal 32 can be physically connected through the magnesium-aluminum alloy frame of the middle plate (an integrated structure).
本实施例中，所述信号源20激励第一辐射体10产生第二谐振模式。第二谐振模式的具体内容与第一种实施例所述的第二谐振模式的具体内容相同。In this embodiment, the signal source 20 excites the first radiator 10 to generate a second resonance mode. The specific content of the second resonance mode is the same as the specific content of the second resonance mode described in the first embodiment.
请参阅图20，所述信号源20在激励所述第一辐射体10形成所述第一谐振模式时，还激励所述第二辐射体30上形成第一子谐振模式。所述第一子谐振模式为第二辐射体30在第一辐射体10上产生第一谐振模式的同时因耦合作用而产生的较强的同向电流所形成的模式。所述第一谐振模式为主谐振模式。换言之，第一辐射体10(主枝节)上的第一谐振模式所对应的电流做主要辐射贡献。Please refer to FIG. 20 . When the signal source 20 excites the first radiator 10 to form the first resonant mode, it also excites the second radiator 30 to form the first sub-resonant mode. The first sub-resonant mode is a mode formed by a stronger unidirectional current generated by coupling when the second radiator 30 generates the first resonant mode on the first radiator 10. The first resonant mode is the main resonant mode. In other words, the current corresponding to the first resonant mode on the first radiator 10 (main branch) makes the main radiation contribution.
请参阅图20，所述第一子谐振模式在所述第二辐射体30上形成的电流与所述第一谐振模式在所述第二辐射段12上形成的电流同向。Please refer to FIG. 20 . The current formed on the second radiator 30 by the first sub-resonance mode has the same direction as the current formed on the second radiation section 12 by the first resonant mode.
所述第一谐振模式为所述第一辐射体10上产生的3/4波长模式，所述第一子谐振模式为所述第二辐射体30上同向电流产生的略小于1/4波长模式，其中，以所述第一辐射体10上产生的3/4波长模式为主要辐射模式。这两部分作为一个整体形成的模式也叫做高模辐射模(high mode radiating mode)，高模辐射模的特性是天线地参与辐射。The first resonant mode is a 3/4 wavelength mode generated on the first radiator 10, and the first sub-resonant mode is a mode slightly smaller than 1/4 wavelength generated by the same-direction current on the second radiator 30, wherein the 3/4 wavelength mode generated on the first radiator 10 is the main radiation mode. The mode formed by these two parts as a whole is also called a high mode radiating mode, and the characteristic of the high mode radiating mode is that the antenna participates in the radiation.
请参阅图21，所述信号源20在激励所述第一辐射体10形成所述第一谐振模式时还在所述第二辐射体30上形成第二子谐振模式。所述第二子谐振模式为第二辐射体30在第一辐射体10上产生第一谐振模式的同时因耦合作用而产生的较强的反向电流所形成的模式。所述第二子谐振模式为主谐振模式。换言之，第二辐射体30(寄生枝节)上的第二子谐振模式所对应的电流做主要辐射贡献。Please refer to FIG. 21 . When the signal source 20 excites the first radiator 10 to form the first resonant mode, it also forms a second sub-resonant mode on the second radiator 30. The second sub-resonant mode is a mode formed by a strong reverse current generated by coupling when the second radiator 30 generates the first resonant mode on the first radiator 10. The second sub-resonant mode is a main resonant mode. In other words, the current corresponding to the second sub-resonant mode on the second radiator 30 (parasitic branch) makes the main radiation contribution.
请参阅图21，所述第一谐振模式在所述第二辐射段12上形成的电流与所述第二子谐振模式在所述第二辐射体30上形成的电流反向。Please refer to FIG. 21 . The current formed in the second radiation section 12 by the first resonance mode is opposite to the current formed in the second radiator 30 by the second sub-resonance mode.
所述第一谐振模式为所述第一辐射体10上产生的3/4波长模式，所述第二子谐振模式为所述第二辐射体30上反向电流产生的略小于1/4波长模式，其中，以所述第二辐射体30上产生的略小于1/4波长模式为主要辐射模式。这两部分作为一个整体形成的模式也叫做高模平衡模(high mode balanced mode)，高模平衡模的特性是天线地较少或者完全不参与辐射。The first resonant mode is a 3/4 wavelength mode generated on the first radiator 10, and the second sub-resonant mode is a mode slightly less than 1/4 wavelength generated by the reverse current on the second radiator 30, wherein the mode slightly less than 1/4 wavelength generated on the second radiator 30 is the main radiation mode. The mode formed by these two parts as a whole is also called a high mode balanced mode, and the characteristic of the high mode balanced mode is that the antenna ground is less or not involved in the radiation at all.
本实施例中，所述第一谐振模式与第一子谐振模式整体形成第三谐振模式，所述第一谐振模式与第二子谐振模式整体形成第四谐振模式，第三谐振模式与第四谐振模式为支持同一频段(第一频段)的双波谐振。即第三谐振模式的谐振频点与第四谐振模式的谐振频点不同且相近(例如小于1GHz)。第三谐振模式的有效频段的高频侧带与第四谐振模式的有效频段的低频侧带至少部分重叠，进而第三谐振模式的有效频段与第四谐振模式的有效频段形成较宽带宽的频带，增加第一频段的覆盖带宽，有效地减少因频偏带来的问题。In this embodiment, the first resonance mode and the first sub-resonance mode form a third resonance mode as a whole, the first resonance mode and the second sub-resonance mode form a fourth resonance mode as a whole, and the third resonance mode and the fourth resonance mode are dual-wave resonances supporting the same frequency band (first frequency band). That is, the resonance frequency of the third resonance mode is different from and close to the resonance frequency of the fourth resonance mode (for example, less than 1 GHz). The high-frequency side band of the effective frequency band of the third resonance mode and the low-frequency side band of the effective frequency band of the fourth resonance mode at least partially overlap, and then the effective frequency band of the third resonance mode and the effective frequency band of the fourth resonance mode form a frequency band with a wider bandwidth, increasing the coverage bandwidth of the first frequency band, and effectively reducing the problems caused by frequency deviation.
通过在口对口天线(第一辐射体10的延伸端121对第二辐射体30的自由端31)中，对所述第一辐射体10和所述第二辐射体30的长度进行设计，使在所述第一辐射体10和所述第二辐射体30上产生辐射模式和平衡模式，不仅构造双波，来提高天线带内的辐射效率(wave boost)。By designing the lengths of the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 30 in a mouth-to-mouth antenna (the extended end 121 of the first radiator 10 faces the free end 31 of the second radiator 30), a radiation mode and a balanced mode are generated on the first radiator 10 and the second radiator 30, thereby constructing a double wave to improve the radiation efficiency (wave boost) within the antenna band.
在所述第三谐振模式中，所述第一谐振模式作为主谐振模式，用于为所述第三谐振模式提供圆极化特性，所述第一子谐振模式用于提升所述天线组件100在卫星通信时的辐射效率。换言之，第三谐振模式不仅具有圆极化特性，使其能够应用于卫星通信等，还能够在卫星通信过程中提升天线组件100的辐射效率。In the third resonance mode, the first resonance mode is used as the main resonance mode to provide circular polarization characteristics for the third resonance mode, and the first sub-resonance mode is used to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 during satellite communication. In other words, the third resonance mode not only has circular polarization characteristics, so that it can be applied to satellite communication, etc., but also can improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 during satellite communication.
在所述第四谐振模式中，所述第一谐振模式用于为第四谐振模式提供圆极化特性，所述第二子谐振模式作为主谐振模式，用于提升所述天线组件100在卫星通信时的辐射效率。换言之，第四谐振模式不仅具有圆极化特性，使其能够应用于卫星通信等，还能够在卫星通信过程中提升天线组件100的辐射效率。In the fourth resonance mode, the first resonance mode is used to provide circular polarization characteristics for the fourth resonance mode, and the second sub-resonance mode is used as the main resonance mode to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 during satellite communication. In other words, the fourth resonance mode not only has circular polarization characteristics, so that it can be applied to satellite communication, etc., but also can improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 during satellite communication.
本申请中，通过设计第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12产生第三谐振模式和第四谐振模式，不仅可以使天线组件100具有圆极化特性，使其能够应用于卫星通信等，还能够在卫星通信过程中提升天线组件100的辐射效率。In the present application, by designing the first radiation section 11 and the second radiation section 12 to generate the third resonance mode and the fourth resonance mode, not only can the antenna assembly 100 have circular polarization characteristics, so that it can be applied to satellite communications, etc., but also the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 can be improved during satellite communications.
本实施例也包括如第一种实施例所述的第一切换电路M2。该第一切换电路M2用于切换第二谐振模式的频段大小。第一切换电路M2电连接与第一谐振模式的电流强区，故不会影响第一谐振模式上的电流分布，即不会影响到上述第一谐振模式为主要谐振模式的电流分布，进而第一切换电路M2的阻抗切换不会影响第三谐振模式的电流分布；此外，由于第一切换电路M2电连接于第二辐射段12，不会影响到第二辐射体30上的电流分布，即第一切换电路M2的阻抗切换不会影响以第二子谐振模式为主要谐振模式的电流分布，进而不会影响到第四谐振模式的电流分布。This embodiment also includes the first switching circuit M2 as described in the first embodiment. The first switching circuit M2 is used to switch the frequency band size of the second resonance mode. The first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the current strong area of the first resonance mode, so it will not affect the current distribution on the first resonance mode, that is, it will not affect the current distribution of the first resonance mode as the main resonance mode, and then the impedance switching of the first switching circuit M2 will not affect the current distribution of the third resonance mode; in addition, since the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the second radiation section 12, it will not affect the current distribution on the second radiator 30, that is, the impedance switching of the first switching circuit M2 will not affect the current distribution of the second sub-resonance mode as the main resonance mode, and then will not affect the current distribution of the fourth resonance mode.
在第一切换电路M2在切换阻抗的过程中，第三谐振模式与第四谐振模式形成支持第一频段的双谐振可保持不变，同时第二频段随着第一切换电路M2的切换的变化。During the impedance switching process of the first switching circuit M2, the dual resonance formed by the third resonance mode and the fourth resonance mode supporting the first frequency band may remain unchanged, while the second frequency band changes with the switching of the first switching circuit M2.
通过设计第一辐射体10的大小以及匹配电路M1、第一切换电路M2，使第一频段覆盖B41频段，B41频段为常用频段，第二频段覆盖LB频段。通过第三谐振模式及第四谐振模式的设计，可提升B41频段的效率并在发生频偏时也能够有效的覆盖B41频段，提高B41频段覆盖稳定性。并且，在切换过程中，天线组件100能够保持B41频段常驻态，进而实现保持常用频段的常驻，在弱信号场景下，LB频段相较于MHB频段、UHB频段更有优势，此时天线组件100具有LB频段切换能力，能够很好的在弱信号场景也保持良好的通信质量，以避免信号不良或无信号的问题。By designing the size of the first radiator 10 and the matching circuit M1 and the first switching circuit M2, the first frequency band covers the B41 frequency band, which is a commonly used frequency band, and the second frequency band covers the LB frequency band. By designing the third resonant mode and the fourth resonant mode, the efficiency of the B41 frequency band can be improved, and the B41 frequency band can be effectively covered even when frequency deviation occurs, thereby improving the coverage stability of the B41 frequency band. Moreover, during the switching process, the antenna assembly 100 can maintain the permanent state of the B41 frequency band, thereby achieving the permanent state of the commonly used frequency band. In weak signal scenarios, the LB frequency band is more advantageous than the MHB frequency band and the UHB frequency band. At this time, the antenna assembly 100 has the LB frequency band switching capability, which can well maintain good communication quality in weak signal scenarios to avoid problems with poor signals or no signals.
当然，在其他实施方式中，还可以设计第一频段覆盖Wi-Fi 2.4G频段。Of course, in other implementations, the first frequency band may also be designed to cover the Wi-Fi 2.4G frequency band.
本实施例中，所述信号源20还用于激励所述第一辐射体10形成的第五谐振模式。所述第五谐振模式为工作在第一辐射体10上的3/4波长模式。In this embodiment, the signal source 20 is also used to excite the fifth resonance mode formed by the first radiator 10. The fifth resonance mode is a 3/4 wavelength mode operating on the first radiator 10.
请参阅图22，所述第五谐振模式在所述第一辐射体10上形成方向相反的第四电流J4和第五电流J5。其中，第四电流J4与第五电流J5之间的分界点为第三分界点E。所述第三分界点E为第五谐振模式的电流反向的交界点。所述第四电流J4从所述第三分界点E流向所述馈电端111。所述第五电流J5从所述第三分界点E流向所述延伸端121。当然，由于电流的周期性，所述第四电流J4还可以从所述馈电端111流向所述第三分界点E。所述第五电流J5从所述延伸端121流向所述第三分界点E。Please refer to FIG. 22 , the fifth resonance mode forms a fourth current J4 and a fifth current J5 in opposite directions on the first radiator 10. The dividing point between the fourth current J4 and the fifth current J5 is the third dividing point E. The third dividing point E is the intersection point where the current of the fifth resonance mode is reversed. The fourth current J4 flows from the third dividing point E to the feeding end 111. The fifth current J5 flows from the third dividing point E to the extension end 121. Of course, due to the periodicity of the current, the fourth current J4 can also flow from the feeding end 111 to the third dividing point E. The fifth current J5 flows from the extension end 121 to the third dividing point E.
所述第四电流J4的电流路径为或接近所述第五谐振模式所支持频段的1/4波长。所述第五电流J5的电流路径为或接近所述第五谐振模式所支持频段的1/2波长。The current path of the fourth current J4 is or is close to 1/4 wavelength of the frequency band supported by the fifth resonance mode. The current path of the fifth current J5 is or is close to 1/2 wavelength of the frequency band supported by the fifth resonance mode.
可选的，当第二辐射段12的长度为第一辐射段11的2倍时，第三分界点E位于第一辐射段11上。Optionally, when the length of the second radiation segment 12 is twice that of the first radiation segment 11 , the third dividing point E is located on the first radiation segment 11 .
第五谐振模式与第三谐振模式的区别在于，第五谐振模式中第二辐射体30上极少的电流。而第三谐振模式中第二辐射体30上产生的较强的同向电流。这些区别也导致了虽然第三谐振模式和第五谐振模式都在第一辐射体10上产生3/4波长模式，但是所支持的频段不同，电流分布不同。其中，第五谐振模式所支持的频段小于第三谐振模式所支持的频段。The difference between the fifth resonance mode and the third resonance mode is that in the fifth resonance mode, there is very little current on the second radiator 30. In the third resonance mode, a relatively strong current in the same direction is generated on the second radiator 30. These differences also lead to different supported frequency bands and different current distributions, although both the third resonance mode and the fifth resonance mode generate a 3/4 wavelength mode on the first radiator 10. Among them, the frequency band supported by the fifth resonance mode is smaller than the frequency band supported by the third resonance mode.
此外，第五谐振模式在第二辐射段12的强电流区与第三谐振模式在第二辐射段12上的强电流区相近，第一切换电路M2电连接于第二辐射段12的位置为第五谐振模式的强电流区，故在第一切换电路M2切换阻抗时，第五谐振模式所支持的频段也不会随着变化，保持了第五谐振模式所支持的频段常驻。In addition, the high current area of the fifth resonant mode in the second radiation segment 12 is close to the high current area of the third resonant mode in the second radiation segment 12, and the position where the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the second radiation segment 12 is the high current area of the fifth resonant mode. Therefore, when the first switching circuit M2 switches the impedance, the frequency band supported by the fifth resonant mode will not change, and the frequency band supported by the fifth resonant mode is kept permanent.
因此，本实施例提供的天线组件100可支持第二谐振模式、第五谐振模式、第三谐振模式即第四谐振模式(按照频段大小排序)，在第一切换电路M2切换阻抗时，第二谐振模式所支持的第二频段大小可调，第五谐振模式所支持的第三频段常驻，第三谐振模式与第四谐振模式为支持第一频段的双谐振，也处于常驻状态。Therefore, the antenna assembly 100 provided in this embodiment can support the second resonant mode, the fifth resonant mode, the third resonant mode, and the fourth resonant mode (sorted by frequency band size). When the first switching circuit M2 switches the impedance, the second frequency band supported by the second resonant mode is adjustable, the third frequency band supported by the fifth resonant mode is permanent, and the third resonant mode and the fourth resonant mode are dual resonances that support the first frequency band and are also in a permanent state.
以下以第三种实施例中第一频段支持B41频段、第二频段为LB频段、第三频段为MHB频段为例进行举例说明。The following is an example of the third embodiment in which the first frequency band supports the B41 frequency band, the second frequency band is the LB frequency band, and the third frequency band is the MHB frequency band.
本实施例提供的天线组件100的工作模式包括以下的第二谐振模式、第五谐振模式、第三谐振模式及第四谐振模式。其中，第二谐振模式为馈电端111到耦合缝隙33的四分之一波长模式，第五谐振模式为馈电端111到耦合缝隙33的四分之三波长模式，第三谐振模式为馈电端111到耦合缝隙33的四分之三波长模式(第一谐振模式)，同时伴有从耦合缝隙33到接地端32的同向电流(第一子谐振模式)；第四谐振模式为馈电端111到耦合缝隙33的四分之三波长模式(第一谐振模式)，同时伴有从耦合缝隙33到接地端32的反向电流(第二子谐振模式)。The working modes of the antenna assembly 100 provided in this embodiment include the following second resonance mode, fifth resonance mode, third resonance mode and fourth resonance mode. Among them, the second resonance mode is a quarter wavelength mode from the feeding end 111 to the coupling slot 33, the fifth resonance mode is a three-quarter wavelength mode from the feeding end 111 to the coupling slot 33, the third resonance mode is a three-quarter wavelength mode from the feeding end 111 to the coupling slot 33 (first resonance mode), accompanied by a unidirectional current from the coupling slot 33 to the grounding end 32 (first sub-resonance mode); the fourth resonance mode is a three-quarter wavelength mode from the feeding end 111 to the coupling slot 33 (first resonance mode), accompanied by a reverse current from the coupling slot 33 to the grounding end 32 (second sub-resonance mode).
在第二辐射段12的中点附近电连接第一切换电路M2，通过第一切换电路M2的开关单元切换电连接至不同的阻抗支路，以实现第二频段从B28、B5、B8等等的切换。The first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected near the midpoint of the second radiation segment 12, and is electrically connected to different impedance branches through switching of the switch unit of the first switching circuit M2 to achieve switching of the second frequency band from B28, B5, B8, etc.
请参阅图23，图23为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件100随着第一切换电路M2将第二频段依次切换至B28频段-B5频段-B8频段的S参数及效率图。Please refer to FIG. 23 , which is an S parameter and efficiency diagram of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment of the present application as the first switching circuit M2 switches the second frequency band to the B28 frequency band-B5 frequency band-B8 frequency band in sequence.
曲线S11是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B28频段的S参数曲线。曲线S12是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B5频段的S参数曲线。曲线S13是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B8频段的S参数曲线。Curve S11 is an S parameter curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B28 frequency band. Curve S12 is an S parameter curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B5 frequency band. Curve S13 is an S parameter curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B8 frequency band.
从上述的曲线可以看出，天线组件100随着第一切换电路M2将第二频段依次切换至B28频段-B5频段-B8频段的过程中，由于第一切换电路M2电连接于第二辐射段12上的电流强区，第一频段保持在2.6GHz附近，例如覆盖B41或Wi-Fi 2.4G频段；第三频段保持在1.7GHz附近，例如覆盖B3频段，保持在LB频段+B41频段的CA态。It can be seen from the above curve that as the first switching circuit M2 switches the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 to the B28 band-B5 band-B8 band in sequence, since the first switching circuit M2 is electrically connected to the strong current area on the second radiation segment 12, the first frequency band remains near 2.6 GHz, for example, covering the B41 or Wi-Fi 2.4G band; the third frequency band remains near 1.7 GHz, for example, covering the B3 band, and remains in the CA state of the LB band + B41 band.
曲线S21是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B28频段的辐射效率曲线。曲线S22是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B5频段的辐射效率曲线。曲线S23是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B8频段的辐射效率曲线。Curve S21 is a radiation efficiency curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B28 frequency band. Curve S22 is a radiation efficiency curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B5 frequency band. Curve S23 is a radiation efficiency curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B8 frequency band.
从上述的曲线可以看出，天线组件100随着第一切换电路M2将第二频段依次切换至B28频段-B5频段-B8频段的辐射效率基本位于-5dB以上,具有较好的效率。It can be seen from the above curve that the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 is basically above -5dB as the first switching circuit M2 switches the second frequency band to the B28 frequency band - the B5 frequency band - the B8 frequency band in sequence, and has good efficiency.
曲线S31是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B28频段的总效率曲线。曲线S32是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B5频段的总效率曲线。曲线S33是本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100的第二频段支持B8频段的总效率曲线。Curve S31 is a total efficiency curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B28 frequency band. Curve S32 is a total efficiency curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B5 frequency band. Curve S33 is a total efficiency curve of the second frequency band of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application supporting the B8 frequency band.
从上述的曲线可以看出，天线组件100随着第一切换电路M2将第二频段依次切换至B28频段-B5频段-B8频段的总效率在第二频段、第一频段及第三频段具有较高的提升，进而使其在第一频段、第二频段及第三频段具有相对较好的效率。对比第一种实施例与第三种实施例中的天线组件100可知，通过增加第二辐射体30，第一频段的效率具有较大的提升，一方面，由于增加第二辐射体30(寄生枝节)之后，第三谐振模式与第四谐振模式分别形成支持第三频段的辐射模和平衡模，在第三频段形成双波谐振及辐射效率提升(waveboost)。另一方面，由于第一谐振模式中方向相反的第一电流J1与第二电流J2分布在垂直延伸的辐射段上，既可以减小第一电流J1所在能量场与第二电流J2所在能量场的相互抵消，使第一频段处具有相对较高的效率；还能够产生圆极化波，实现圆极化特性与辐射特性的兼顾。It can be seen from the above curves that the total efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 is highly improved in the second frequency band, the first frequency band and the third frequency band as the first switching circuit M2 switches the second frequency band to the B28 frequency band-B5 frequency band-B8 frequency band in sequence, thereby making it have relatively good efficiency in the first frequency band, the second frequency band and the third frequency band. By comparing the antenna assembly 100 in the first embodiment with the antenna assembly 100 in the third embodiment, it can be seen that by adding the second radiator 30, the efficiency of the first frequency band is greatly improved. On the one hand, after adding the second radiator 30 (parasitic branch), the third resonant mode and the fourth resonant mode respectively form a radiation mode and a balanced mode supporting the third frequency band, forming a double-wave resonance and radiation efficiency improvement (waveboost) in the third frequency band. On the other hand, since the first current J1 and the second current J2 in opposite directions in the first resonant mode are distributed on the vertically extending radiation section, the mutual cancellation of the energy field where the first current J1 is located and the energy field where the second current J2 is located can be reduced, so that the first frequency band has a relatively high efficiency; it can also generate circularly polarized waves to achieve a balance between circular polarization characteristics and radiation characteristics.
请参阅图24，图24为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件100的圆极化参数。其中，曲线①是本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件100所产生的圆极化波的轴比。可以看出，图中2.48GHz-2.8GHz附近的圆极化波的轴比小于圆极化波轴比阈值3dB，说明第一频段产生的波为圆极化波。3dB轴比带宽为320MHz，说明在较宽的带宽下产生的圆极化。在2.64GHz附近，轴比仅仅为0.1dB，轴比越小，说明长轴与短轴之比越小，说明圆极化波的圆极化越好，为完美的圆极化波，在多个方向皆具有较好的性能。Please refer to Figure 24, which shows the circular polarization parameters of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment of the present application. Among them, curve ① is the axial ratio of the circularly polarized wave generated by the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment of the present application. It can be seen that the axial ratio of the circularly polarized wave near 2.48GHz-2.8GHz in the figure is less than the axial ratio threshold of the circularly polarized wave 3dB, indicating that the wave generated in the first frequency band is a circularly polarized wave. The 3dB axial ratio bandwidth is 320MHz, indicating that the circular polarization is generated under a wider bandwidth. Near 2.64GHz, the axial ratio is only 0.1dB. The smaller the axial ratio, the smaller the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis, which means that the circular polarization of the circularly polarized wave is better, which is a perfect circularly polarized wave with good performance in multiple directions.
对比第一种实施例与第三种实施例中的天线组件100可知，通过增加第二辐射体30，第二辐射体30与第一辐射体10的耦合作用，能够改变第一辐射体10上的电流分布，进而使第一电流J1与第二电流J2的分界点更加对应第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12之间的第一连接点A，以进一步改善圆极化特性。By comparing the antenna assembly 100 in the first embodiment and the third embodiment, it can be seen that by adding the second radiator 30 and the coupling effect between the second radiator 30 and the first radiator 10, the current distribution on the first radiator 10 can be changed, so that the boundary point between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is more corresponding to the first connection point A between the first radiation segment 11 and the second radiation segment 12, so as to further improve the circular polarization characteristics.
请参阅图25，图25为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件100的左右旋圆极化增益曲线。Please refer to FIG. 25 , which is a left-right circular polarization gain curve of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment of the present application.
由图可以看出，在2.64GHz附近，主极化为右旋圆极化，交叉极化为左旋圆极化，交叉极化比达到了43dB。对比第一种实施例与第三种实施例中的天线组件100可知，增加第二辐射体30之后，交叉极化比进一步地增加，进一步提高圆极化特性。As can be seen from the figure, near 2.64GHz, the main polarization is right-hand circular polarization, the cross polarization is left-hand circular polarization, and the cross polarization ratio reaches 43dB. Comparing the antenna assembly 100 in the first embodiment with the antenna assembly 100 in the third embodiment, it can be seen that after adding the second radiator 30, the cross polarization ratio is further increased, further improving the circular polarization characteristics.
请参阅图26，图26为本申请第一种实施例提供的天线组件100与第三种实施例提供的天线组件100的效率对比图。其中，S11曲线是未设置第二辐射体时天线组件的总效率；S12曲线是设有第二辐射体时天线组件的总效率；S21曲线是未设置第二辐射体时天线组件的辐射效率；S22曲线是设有第二辐射体时天线组件的辐射效率。对比可知，在产生圆极化的频段内(2.48GHz-2.8GHz)，第三种实施例提供设有第二辐射体的天线组件100的效率幅度增加了1-4dB。Please refer to Figure 26, which is a comparison chart of the efficiencies of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the first embodiment of the present application and the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment. Among them, the S11 curve is the total efficiency of the antenna assembly when the second radiator is not provided; the S12 curve is the total efficiency of the antenna assembly when the second radiator is provided; the S21 curve is the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly when the second radiator is not provided; and the S22 curve is the radiation efficiency of the antenna assembly when the second radiator is provided. By comparison, it can be seen that in the frequency band (2.48GHz-2.8GHz) in which circular polarization is generated, the efficiency of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment with a second radiator is increased by 1-4dB.
请参阅图27，图27为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件100在2.66GHz的3D总场方向图。在主要辐射方向向上，满足卫星通信的需求，并且此时的实际增益达到了2.5dBi，远远高于卫星通信对于圆极化天线的增益需求，其中，卫星通信需求对主集接收PRX圆极化天线增益要求为G>-2dBi，分集接收DRX圆极化天线增益要求为G>-4dBi。本申请实施例提供的天线组件100的增益要求达到了主集接收圆极化天线及分集接收圆极化天线的应用要求。Please refer to Figure 27, which is a 3D total field pattern of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment of the present application at 2.66GHz. In the main radiation direction upward, the requirements of satellite communication are met, and the actual gain at this time reaches 2.5dBi, which is much higher than the gain requirement of satellite communication for circularly polarized antennas. The satellite communication requirement requires the main set receiving PRX circularly polarized antenna gain to be G>-2dBi, and the diversity receiving DRX circularly polarized antenna gain to be G>-4dBi. The gain requirements of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application meet the application requirements of the main set receiving circularly polarized antenna and the diversity receiving circularly polarized antenna.
请参阅图28，图28为本申请第三种实施例提供的天线组件100在2.66GHz的右旋圆极化方向图。由于卫星通信要求天线圆极化方式为右旋圆极化，本天线组件100为右旋圆极化天线，此时的主要辐射方向也为向上，此时的主极化(右旋圆极化)增益为0.78dBi，也满足卫星通信增益需求。本申请实施例提供的天线组件100的增益要求达到了主集接收圆极化天线及分集接收圆极化天线的应用要求。Please refer to Figure 28, which is a right-hand circular polarization radiation pattern of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the third embodiment of the present application at 2.66GHz. Since satellite communication requires the circular polarization mode of the antenna to be right-hand circular polarization, the antenna assembly 100 is a right-hand circular polarization antenna, and the main radiation direction at this time is also upward. The main polarization (right-hand circular polarization) gain at this time is 0.78dBi, which also meets the gain requirements of satellite communication. The gain requirements of the antenna assembly 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application meet the application requirements of the main set receiving circular polarization antenna and the diversity receiving circular polarization antenna.
本申请实施例提供的天线组件100，通过设计第一辐射体10的一端为馈电端111，另一端为延伸端121，且第一辐射体10还为弯折连接的第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12，通过设计第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的长度关系，使第一电流J1与第二电流J2的第一分界点B位于第一辐射段11与第二辐射段12的第一连接点A附近，以激励产生圆极化波，且产生的圆极化波的轴比、交叉极化比、总增益和主极化增益都显示此时的圆极化性能很好，满足卫星通信对天线的所有需求，具有应用于卫星通信的极大潜力。进一步地，通过在第二辐射段12的电流强区电连接切换电路，使LB频段可调，B41频段常驻，产生LB+B41的载波聚合(CA)态。通过设计第二辐射体30，每个LB&B41的CA态下，B41都具有很高的效率(>-3dB)。相比于不增加第二辐射体30，效率提高1-4dB，并且圆极化性能也提高显著(轴比由2提升到0.1，左右旋增益差由18dB提升至43dB)。此外，在电池600侧增加第二辐射体30，空间得到利用。The antenna assembly 100 provided in the embodiment of the present application is designed such that one end of the first radiator 10 is a feeding end 111, and the other end is an extension end 121, and the first radiator 10 is also a first radiating section 11 and a second radiating section 12 connected in a bent manner. By designing the length relationship between the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12, the first boundary point B between the first current J1 and the second current J2 is located near the first connection point A between the first radiating section 11 and the second radiating section 12 to stimulate the generation of circularly polarized waves, and the axial ratio, cross-polarization ratio, total gain and main polarization gain of the generated circularly polarized waves all show that the circular polarization performance at this time is very good, meeting all the requirements of satellite communication for antennas, and having great potential for application in satellite communication. Furthermore, by electrically connecting the switching circuit in the current strong area of the second radiating section 12, the LB band is adjustable, the B41 band is resident, and the carrier aggregation (CA) state of LB+B41 is generated. By designing the second radiator 30, in each CA state of LB&B41, B41 has a very high efficiency (>-3dB). Compared with not adding the second radiator 30, the efficiency is improved by 1-4 dB, and the circular polarization performance is also significantly improved (axial ratio is increased from 2 to 0.1, and left-right gain difference is increased from 18 dB to 43 dB). In addition, adding the second radiator 30 on the battery 600 side makes use of the space.
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本申请的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本申请的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本申请的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型，这些改进和润饰也视为本申请的保护范围。Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in the field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application, and these improvements and modifications are also regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310469451.9ACN118867652A (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Antenna components and electronic devices |
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| CN202310469451.9ACN118867652A (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Antenna components and electronic devices |
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