技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及建筑结构修复技术领域，尤其涉及一种混凝土结构裂缝控制修复方法。The invention relates to the technical field of building structure repair, and in particular to a method for controlling and repairing cracks in a concrete structure.
背景技术Background Art
EPC项目因其一站式的服务特点，广泛应用于基础设施建设中，包括但不限于大型工业和民用建筑、桥梁、道路以及能源设施等，在这些项目中，混凝土作为最基础且关键的建筑材料，其耐久性和稳定性直接关系到整个项目的质量和安全，然而，由于施工技术、材料质量、设计缺陷或自然环境因素的影响，混凝土结构裂缝的出现成为了EPC项目中普遍面临的一个问题，这些裂缝若不及时有效地进行修复，不仅会影响结构的美观和使用功能，还可能引起结构安全性能的降低，给项目带来潜在的安全隐患和经济损失。EPC projects are widely used in infrastructure construction due to their one-stop service characteristics, including but not limited to large-scale industrial and civil buildings, bridges, roads, and energy facilities. In these projects, concrete is the most basic and key building material, and its durability and stability are directly related to the quality and safety of the entire project. However, due to the influence of construction technology, material quality, design defects or natural environmental factors, the appearance of cracks in concrete structures has become a common problem in EPC projects. If these cracks are not repaired in a timely and effective manner, it will not only affect the appearance and use function of the structure, but may also cause a reduction in the safety performance of the structure, bringing potential safety hazards and economic losses to the project.
针对EPC项目中混凝土结构裂缝的修复，现有技术存在的主要问题包括修复工期长、成本高、修复质量难以保证以及对环境的影响等，尤其是在项目进度和预算有严格限制的情况下，如何快速、经济且高效地完成裂缝修复，确保修复后的混凝土结构恢复其设计的耐久性和稳定性，成为了亟待解决的技术难题，此外，EPC项目的特殊性要求修复方法不仅需要考虑技术的实用性和经济性，还需兼顾施工的便捷性和环境的友好性，以适应项目的综合需求和环境保护的要求。Regarding the repair of concrete structure cracks in EPC projects, the main problems of existing technologies include long repair period, high cost, difficult to ensure repair quality and impact on the environment. Especially when the project schedule and budget are strictly limited, how to quickly, economically and efficiently complete the crack repair and ensure that the repaired concrete structure restores its designed durability and stability has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. In addition, the particularity of EPC projects requires that the repair method must not only consider the practicality and economy of the technology, but also take into account the convenience of construction and environmental friendliness to meet the comprehensive needs of the project and the requirements of environmental protection.
因此，本发明提出了一种新型的混凝土结构裂缝控制和修复方法，该方法旨在克服现有技术的局限性，通过创新的裂缝评估技术、高效的材料配制与注入策略、以及优化的后处理技术，实现对EPC项目中混凝土结构裂缝的快速、经济和高效修复，确保项目的顺利进行和长期使用安全。Therefore, the present invention proposes a novel method for controlling and repairing cracks in concrete structures, which aims to overcome the limitations of the existing technology and achieve rapid, economical and efficient repair of cracks in concrete structures in EPC projects through innovative crack assessment technology, efficient material preparation and injection strategy, and optimized post-processing technology, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the project and long-term safety in use.
发明内容Summary of the invention
基于上述目的，本发明提供了一种混凝土结构裂缝控制修复方法。Based on the above purpose, the present invention provides a method for controlling and repairing cracks in a concrete structure.
一种混凝土结构裂缝控制修复方法，包括以下步骤：A method for controlling and repairing cracks in a concrete structure comprises the following steps:
S1：先通过高精度图像识别技术和结构健康监测数据，对混凝土结构的裂缝宽度、深度、分布及其严重程度进行全面评估，以确定修复优先级；S1: First, use high-precision image recognition technology and structural health monitoring data to comprehensively assess the crack width, depth, distribution and severity of the concrete structure to determine the repair priority;
S2：使用激光清洁技术精确去除裂缝内部的杂质和水分，同时通过激光刻蚀增加裂缝表面的粗糙度，以增强后续填充材料的附着力；S2: Use laser cleaning technology to precisely remove impurities and moisture inside the crack, and increase the roughness of the crack surface through laser etching to enhance the adhesion of subsequent filling materials;
S3：根据裂缝情况配置修复材料，该修复材料包括环氧树脂、硅砂、纤维增强材料以及辅助材料；S3: Prepare repair materials according to the crack conditions, which include epoxy resin, silica sand, fiber reinforcement materials and auxiliary materials;
S4：将S3配置好的修复材料均匀填充至裂缝中，并确保无空隙；S4: Fill the repair material prepared in S3 evenly into the cracks and ensure that there are no gaps;
S5：在修复材料注入后使用微振设备对修复区域施加低频振动，促进修复材料内部气泡移动至表面释放，促使修复材料快速固化；S5: After the repair material is injected, a micro-vibration device is used to apply low-frequency vibration to the repair area to promote the movement of bubbles inside the repair material to the surface for release, thereby promoting rapid solidification of the repair material;
S6：固化后，对修复面进行打磨和抛光，使修复面与周围混凝土表面一致；S6: After curing, grind and polish the repair surface to make it consistent with the surrounding concrete surface;
S7：最后对修复面喷涂环氧基封闭涂层，进行密封处理。S7: Finally, spray the repaired surface with epoxy-based sealing coating for sealing.
进一步的，所述S3中修复材料的各组分按照质量百分比分别为：环氧树脂占40-60％、硅砂占30-40％、纤维增强材料占5-10％、辅助材料占5-10％；所述辅助材料为固化剂、增塑剂或防腐剂。Furthermore, the components of the repair material in S3 are as follows in terms of mass percentage: epoxy resin accounts for 40-60%, silica sand accounts for 30-40%, fiber reinforcement material accounts for 5-10%, and auxiliary material accounts for 5-10%; the auxiliary material is a curing agent, a plasticizer or a preservative.
进一步的，所述S3中配置修复材料具体包括：Furthermore, the configuration of the repair material in S3 specifically includes:
S31：按照预定比例先将环氧树脂与辅助材料进行混合，并使用机械搅拌器在转速500-1000rpm下进行搅拌，持续时间2-5分钟；S31: mixing the epoxy resin and the auxiliary material according to a predetermined ratio, and stirring the mixture with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 500-1000 rpm for 2-5 minutes;
S32：将纤维增强材料缓慢加入到环氧树脂和辅助材料的混合物中，继续使用机械搅拌器在转速200-500rpm下搅拌，以确保纤维均匀分布，搅拌时间维持3-7分钟；S32: slowly add the fiber reinforcement material to the mixture of epoxy resin and auxiliary materials, continue to stir with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 200-500 rpm to ensure that the fibers are evenly distributed, and maintain the stirring time for 3-7 minutes;
S33：逐步将硅砂加入到包含环氧树脂、辅助材料和纤维增强材料的混合物中，过程中采用低速搅拌，转速控制在100-300rpm，以防止材料过度剪切，搅拌时间为5-10分钟，直至硅砂完全均匀分散于混合物中，以形成修复材料；S33: gradually adding silica sand to the mixture containing epoxy resin, auxiliary materials and fiber reinforcement materials, stirring at a low speed, with the rotation speed controlled at 100-300 rpm to prevent excessive shearing of the material, and stirring for 5-10 minutes until the silica sand is completely and evenly dispersed in the mixture to form a repair material;
S34：将修复材料置于真空脱泡设备中，进行脱泡处理，脱泡过程在-0.08MPa至-0.1MPa的真空度下进行，持续时间3-5分钟，以去除混合过程中产生的气泡。S34: placing the repair material in a vacuum degassing device for degassing. The degassing process is carried out at a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa to -0.1MPa for 3-5 minutes to remove bubbles generated during the mixing process.
进一步的，所述S1具体包括：Furthermore, the S1 specifically includes:
S11：使用高分辨率摄像头和结构健康监测传感器沿混凝土结构表面扫描，记录裂缝的图像数据以及与裂缝相关的结构响应数据；S11: Use high-resolution cameras and structural health monitoring sensors to scan along the surface of the concrete structure to record image data of cracks and structural response data related to the cracks;
S12：通过图像处理软件分析所采集的图像数据，采用边缘检测算法识别裂缝边界，从而测量裂缝宽度和深度，并结合结构响应数据，对每个裂缝的位置、长度和方向进行详细描述；S12: Analyze the collected image data through image processing software, use edge detection algorithm to identify crack boundaries, thereby measuring crack width and depth, and combine with structural response data to describe the location, length and direction of each crack in detail;
S13：基于裂缝的宽度、深度、位置及结构响应数据，设严重程度指数为CSI，采用以下公式计算裂缝的严重程度指数：CSI＝(W×D×L)+(Sr×P)，其中，W是裂缝宽度，D是裂琏深度，L是裂缝长度，Sr是结构响应因子，P是裂缝位置系数；S13: Based on the crack width, depth, location and structural response data, the severity index is set as CSI, and the crack severity index is calculated using the following formula: CSI = (W × D × L) + (Sr × P), where W is the crack width, D is the crack depth, L is the crack length, Sr is the structural response factor, and P is the crack location coefficient;
S14：根据计算得到的CSI值，对所有识别的裂缝进行排序，CSI值越高的裂缝修复优先级越高。S14: All identified cracks are sorted according to the calculated CSI values, and cracks with higher CSI values have higher repair priorities.
进一步的，所述S2具体包括：Furthermore, the S2 specifically includes:
S21：选用预备激光器，并设置激光功率为100-500瓦，波长设置为1064纳米，以适应不同深度和宽度的裂缝，激光扫描速度调整为100-500毫米/秒；S21: Select a preparatory laser and set the laser power to 100-500 watts and the wavelength to 1064 nanometers to accommodate cracks of different depths and widths. The laser scanning speed is adjusted to 100-500 mm/s.
S22：使用S21中参数设置的激光器沿裂缝进行扫描，激光束直接作用于裂缝内部的杂质和水分；S22: Use the laser with the parameters set in S21 to scan along the crack, and the laser beam directly acts on the impurities and moisture inside the crack;
S23：激光刻蚀增加表面粗糙度，具体调整激光功率至200-600瓦，对裂缝表面进行微刻蚀处理，通过调整激光束的聚焦大小和扫描速度，实现裂缝表面的微观结构改变，增加其粗糙度，表面粗糙度控制为Ra 1.5-3.5微米，以增强后续填充材料的附着力。S23: Laser etching increases the surface roughness. Specifically, the laser power is adjusted to 200-600 watts to perform micro-etching on the crack surface. By adjusting the focus size and scanning speed of the laser beam, the microstructure of the crack surface is changed to increase its roughness. The surface roughness is controlled to Ra 1.5-3.5 microns to enhance the adhesion of subsequent filling materials.
进一步的，所述S4具体包括：Furthermore, the S4 specifically includes:
S41：在S3制备的修复材料完全混合均匀并经过真空脱泡处理后，立即将其转移至具有精确控制流量的注入设备中，准备进行裂缝填充；S41: After the repair material prepared in S3 is completely mixed and vacuum degassed, it is immediately transferred to an injection device with a precisely controlled flow rate to prepare for crack filling;
S42：根据裂缝的宽度、深度和长度设置注入设备的压力和流量，以确保修复材料能够均匀分布，注入压力设置为1.0-2.0MPa，流量为10-20毫升/分钟；S42: Set the pressure and flow rate of the injection equipment according to the width, depth and length of the crack to ensure that the repair material can be evenly distributed. The injection pressure is set to 1.0-2.0MPa and the flow rate is 10-20ml/min;
S43：进行裂缝填充，从裂缝一端开始，缓慢均匀地将修复材料注入裂缝中，确保材料从注入点开始沿裂缝扩散填充，避免形成气泡或未填充区域，若裂缝长度较长，将采用多点注入法，即在裂缝上预设多个注入点，以确保修复材料在整个裂缝区域内均匀分布。S43: Fill the cracks, starting from one end of the crack, slowly and evenly inject the repair material into the crack, ensuring that the material diffuses and fills along the crack from the injection point to avoid the formation of bubbles or unfilled areas. If the crack is long, a multi-point injection method will be used, that is, multiple injection points are preset on the crack to ensure that the repair material is evenly distributed throughout the crack area.
进一步的，所述S5中使用微振设备对修复区域施加低频振动的频率为20-100赫兹，具体振动时间为5-15分钟。Furthermore, in S5, the frequency of applying low-frequency vibration to the repair area using a micro-vibration device is 20-100 Hz, and the specific vibration time is 5-15 minutes.
进一步的，所述S6具体包括：Furthermore, the S6 specifically includes:
S61：选择砂纸或电动砂光机作为打磨工具；S61: Choose sandpaper or electric sander as the grinding tool;
S62：先进行初步打磨，具体使用80-120粒度的砂纸或相应粒度的砂轮，对修复区域表面进行初步打磨；S62: Perform preliminary grinding first, using 80-120 grit sandpaper or a grinding wheel of corresponding grit to perform preliminary grinding on the surface of the repair area;
S63：在初步打磨后，更换至200-400粒度的砂纸或砂轮，进行细致打磨；S63: After the initial grinding, change to 200-400 grit sandpaper or grinding wheel for detailed grinding;
S64：完成打磨后，使用抛光剂和抛光工具对修复面进行抛光处理，抛光工具选用高速抛光机，抛光时速度设置为1500-2500转/分钟，持续时间为5-10分钟。S64: After grinding, use polishing agent and polishing tools to polish the repaired surface. Use a high-speed polishing machine as the polishing tool. Set the polishing speed to 1500-2500 rpm for 5-10 minutes.
进一步的，所述S7具体包括：Furthermore, the S7 specifically includes:
S71：在喷涂环氧基封闭涂层前，先使用脱脂剂去除表面油污和杂质，然后使用干净的布擦拭干净，以提高涂层的附着力；S71: Before spraying the epoxy sealer, use a degreaser to remove surface oil and impurities, then wipe it clean with a clean cloth to improve the adhesion of the coating;
S72：使用喷涂设备进行环氧基封闭涂层的喷涂，设置喷嘴距离修复面的距离为20-30厘米，喷涂压力调整为2-3巴；S72: Use spray equipment to spray epoxy-based sealing coating, set the nozzle to a distance of 20-30 cm from the repair surface, and adjust the spray pressure to 2-3 bar;
S73：进行至少两道喷涂，每道喷涂间隔时间为30分钟，以允许上一层部分固化，从而增加涂层的整体厚度和耐久性，总涂层厚度应控制在0.2-0.5毫米；S73: Apply at least two coats of spraying with a 30-minute interval between each coat to allow partial curing of the previous coat, thereby increasing the overall thickness and durability of the coating. The total coating thickness should be controlled within 0.2-0.5 mm.
S74：喷涂完成后，让环氧基封闭涂层在室温下自然固化24-48小时。S74: After spraying, allow the epoxy sealer to cure naturally at room temperature for 24-48 hours.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
本发明，通过高精度图像识别技术和结构健康监测数据进行裂缝的全面评估，能够迅速确定裂缝的具体位置、大小和严重程度，从而制定出针对性的修复方案，采用特定配比的修复材料和先进的注入技术，不仅大大缩短了修复工期，还减少了修复过程中的材料浪费和人力资源投入，实现了修复工作的经济性和效率性，特别适合于工期和预算受限的EPC项目。The present invention uses high-precision image recognition technology and structural health monitoring data to conduct a comprehensive assessment of cracks, and can quickly determine the specific location, size and severity of the cracks, so as to formulate a targeted repair plan. The use of repair materials with specific ratios and advanced injection technology not only greatly shortens the repair period, but also reduces material waste and human resource investment in the repair process, achieving the economy and efficiency of the repair work, and is particularly suitable for EPC projects with limited schedules and budgets.
本发明，通过采用经过优化的修复材料配比和高效的材料注入方法，确保了修复材料与原混凝土之间的高强度结合，提高了修复区域的结构稳定性和耐久性，结合激光清洁和微振技术的应用，进一步优化了修复面的附着力和整体质量，确保了修复后的混凝土结构能够长期抵抗环境因素的侵蚀，延长了结构的使用寿命。The present invention ensures a high-strength bond between the repair material and the original concrete by adopting an optimized repair material ratio and an efficient material injection method, thereby improving the structural stability and durability of the repair area. Combined with the application of laser cleaning and micro-vibration technology, the adhesion and overall quality of the repair surface are further optimized, ensuring that the repaired concrete structure can resist erosion by environmental factors for a long time, thereby extending the service life of the structure.
本发明，修复材料的选择和施工技术的应用上，均考虑到了环境保护的要求，选用的材料低毒性、易于获取且对环境影响小，施工过程减少了噪音和粉尘的产生，符合绿色施工的理念，同时，该修复方法操作简便，易于在各种EPC项目现场快速部署实施，无需特殊的施工设备或高级技术人员，提高了施工的便捷性和适用性。In the present invention, environmental protection requirements are taken into consideration in the selection of repair materials and the application of construction technology. The selected materials are of low toxicity, easy to obtain and have little impact on the environment. The construction process reduces the generation of noise and dust, which is in line with the concept of green construction. At the same time, the repair method is easy to operate and can be quickly deployed and implemented on various EPC project sites without the need for special construction equipment or senior technicians, thereby improving the convenience and applicability of construction.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only for the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
图1为本发明实施例的混凝土结构裂缝控制修复方法示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a method for controlling and repairing cracks in a concrete structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例的修复材料各组分示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the components of the repair material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明白，以下结合具体实施例，对本发明进一步详细说明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
需要说明的是，除非另外定义，本发明使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本发明所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本发明中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the present invention should be understood by people with ordinary skills in the field to which the present invention belongs. The words "first", "second" and similar words used in the present invention do not indicate any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The words "include" or "comprise" and similar words mean that the elements or objects appearing before the word include the elements or objects listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects.
实施例1Example 1
如图1-2所示，一种混凝土结构裂缝控制修复方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1-2, a method for controlling and repairing cracks in a concrete structure includes the following steps:
S1：先通过高精度图像识别技术和结构健康监测数据，对混凝土结构的裂缝宽度、深度、分布及其严重程度进行全面评估，以确定修复优先级；S1: First, use high-precision image recognition technology and structural health monitoring data to comprehensively assess the crack width, depth, distribution and severity of the concrete structure to determine the repair priority;
S2：使用激光清洁技术精确去除裂缝内部的杂质和水分，同时通过激光刻蚀增加裂缝表面的粗糙度，以增强后续填充材料的附着力；S2: Use laser cleaning technology to precisely remove impurities and moisture inside the crack, and increase the roughness of the crack surface through laser etching to enhance the adhesion of subsequent filling materials;
S3：根据裂缝情况配置修复材料，该修复材料包括环氧树脂、硅砂、纤维增强材料以及辅助材料；S3: Prepare repair materials according to the crack conditions, which include epoxy resin, silica sand, fiber reinforcement materials and auxiliary materials;
S4：将S3配置好的修复材料均匀填充至裂缝中，并确保无空隙；S4: Fill the repair material prepared in S3 evenly into the cracks and ensure that there are no gaps;
S5：在修复材料注入后使用微振设备对修复区域施加低频振动，促进修复材料内部气泡移动至表面释放，促使修复材料快速固化；S5: After the repair material is injected, a micro-vibration device is used to apply low-frequency vibration to the repair area to promote the movement of bubbles inside the repair material to the surface for release, thereby promoting rapid solidification of the repair material;
S6：固化后，对修复面进行打磨和抛光，使修复面与周围混凝土表面一致；S6: After curing, grind and polish the repair surface to make it consistent with the surrounding concrete surface;
S7：最后对修复面喷涂环氧基封闭涂层，进行密封处理，提高修复区域的防水和耐化学品性能。S7: Finally, the repaired surface is sprayed with an epoxy-based sealer coating to seal it and improve the waterproof and chemical resistance of the repaired area.
S3中修复材料的各组分按照质量百分比分别为：环氧树脂占50％、硅砂占35％、纤维增强材料占7.5％、辅助材料占7.5％；辅助材料为固化剂。The components of the repair material in S3 are as follows in terms of mass percentage: epoxy resin accounts for 50%, silica sand accounts for 35%, fiber reinforcement material accounts for 7.5%, and auxiliary material accounts for 7.5%; the auxiliary material is a curing agent.
S3中配置修复材料具体包括：The configuration repair materials in S3 specifically include:
S31：按照预定比例先将环氧树脂与辅助材料进行混合，并使用机械搅拌器在转速700rpm下进行搅拌，持续时间4分钟，以确保两者充分融合并调整修复材料的粘度和固化时间；S31: firstly mix the epoxy resin and the auxiliary material according to a predetermined ratio, and stir them with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 700 rpm for 4 minutes to ensure that the two are fully blended and adjust the viscosity and curing time of the repair material;
S32：将纤维增强材料缓慢加入到环氧树脂和辅助材料的混合物中，继续使用机械搅拌器在转速300rpm下搅拌，以确保纤维均匀分布，搅拌时间维持5分钟；S32: slowly add the fiber reinforcement material to the mixture of epoxy resin and auxiliary materials, continue to stir with a mechanical stirrer at a speed of 300 rpm to ensure that the fibers are evenly distributed, and maintain the stirring time for 5 minutes;
S33：逐步将硅砂加入到包含环氧树脂、辅助材料和纤维增强材料的混合物中，过程中采用低速搅拌，转速控制在200rpm，以防止材料过度剪切，搅拌时间为7分钟，直至硅砂完全均匀分散于混合物中，以形成修复材料；S33: gradually adding silica sand to the mixture including the epoxy resin, the auxiliary material and the fiber reinforcement material, using low-speed stirring during the process, the rotation speed is controlled at 200 rpm to prevent excessive shearing of the material, and the stirring time is 7 minutes, until the silica sand is completely and evenly dispersed in the mixture to form a repair material;
S34：将修复材料置于真空脱泡设备中，进行脱泡处理，脱泡过程在-0.09MPa真空度下进行，持续时间4分钟，以去除混合过程中产生的气泡，确保修复材料能够实现无孔隙的充填裂缝。S34: The repair material is placed in a vacuum degassing device for degassing. The degassing process is carried out at a vacuum degree of -0.09 MPa for 4 minutes to remove bubbles generated during the mixing process to ensure that the repair material can fill the cracks without pores.
S1具体包括：S1 specifically includes:
S11：使用高分辨率摄像头和结构健康监测传感器沿混凝土结构表面扫描，记录裂缝的图像数据以及与裂缝相关的结构响应数据(如应变和振动数据)；S11: Use high-resolution cameras and structural health monitoring sensors to scan along the surface of the concrete structure to record image data of cracks and structural response data related to the cracks (such as strain and vibration data);
S12：通过图像处理软件分析所采集的图像数据，采用边缘检测算法识别裂缝边界，从而测量裂缝宽度和深度，并结合结构响应数据，对每个裂缝的位置、长度和方向进行详细描述；S12: Analyze the collected image data through image processing software, use edge detection algorithm to identify crack boundaries, thereby measuring crack width and depth, and combine with structural response data to describe the location, length and direction of each crack in detail;
S13：基于裂缝的宽度、深度、位置及结构响应数据，设严重程度指数为CSI，采用以下公式计算裂缝的严重程度指数：CSI＝(W×D×L)+(Sr×P)，其中，W是裂缝宽度，D是裂琏深度，L是裂缝长度，Sr是结构响应因子(基于应变和振动数据的综合评分，范围从0到1)，P是裂缝位置系数(根据裂缝位置在结构中的重要程度赋予不同的权重，范围从0.5到1.5)；S13: Based on the crack width, depth, location and structural response data, the severity index is denoted as CSI, and the crack severity index is calculated using the following formula: CSI = (W × D × L) + (Sr × P), where W is the crack width, D is the crack depth, L is the crack length, Sr is the structural response factor (based on the comprehensive score of strain and vibration data, ranging from 0 to 1), and P is the crack location coefficient (different weights are assigned according to the importance of the crack location in the structure, ranging from 0.5 to 1.5);
S14：根据计算得到的CSI值，对所有识别的裂缝进行排序，CSI值越高的裂缝修复优先级越高，具体可以将CSI值划分为几个等级，例如，CSI值在顶部25％的裂缝划为高优先级，接下来的25％-50％为中优先级，余下的为低优先级，以指导修复工作的先后顺序，通过上述步骤，可以精确地评估每个裂缝的严重程度和修复的紧迫性，为制定有效的修复计划提供科学依据。S14: Sort all identified cracks according to the calculated CSI values. The higher the CSI value, the higher the priority of repair. Specifically, the CSI value can be divided into several levels. For example, the top 25% of cracks with CSI values are classified as high priority, the next 25%-50% are medium priority, and the rest are low priority, to guide the order of repair work. Through the above steps, the severity of each crack and the urgency of repair can be accurately evaluated, providing a scientific basis for formulating an effective repair plan.
S2具体包括：S2 specifically includes:
S21：选用预备激光器，并设置激光功率为300瓦，波长设置为1064纳米，以适应不同深度和宽度的裂缝，激光扫描速度调整为300毫米/秒，根据裂缝的实际情况进行适配；S21: Select a preparatory laser and set the laser power to 300 watts and the wavelength to 1064 nanometers to adapt to cracks of different depths and widths. The laser scanning speed is adjusted to 300 mm/s and adapted according to the actual conditions of the cracks;
S22：使用S21中参数设置的激光器沿裂缝进行扫描，激光束直接作用于裂缝内部的杂质和水分，激光的热效应能够蒸发水分并除去裂缝内的尘土、油脂等杂质；S22: Use the laser set in S21 to scan along the crack. The laser beam directly acts on the impurities and moisture inside the crack. The thermal effect of the laser can evaporate the moisture and remove impurities such as dust and grease in the crack.
S23：激光刻蚀增加表面粗糙度，具体调整激光功率至400瓦，以提高激光的热作用强度，对裂缝表面进行微刻蚀处理，通过调整激光束的聚焦大小和扫描速度，实现裂缝表面的微观结构改变，增加其粗糙度，表面粗糙度控制为Ra2.0微米，以增强后续填充材料的附着力。S23: Laser etching increases the surface roughness. Specifically, the laser power is adjusted to 400 watts to increase the thermal intensity of the laser. The crack surface is micro-etched. By adjusting the focus size and scanning speed of the laser beam, the microstructure of the crack surface is changed to increase its roughness. The surface roughness is controlled to Ra2.0 microns to enhance the adhesion of subsequent filling materials.
S4具体包括：S4 specifically includes:
S41：在S3制备的修复材料完全混合均匀并经过真空脱泡处理后，立即将其转移至具有精确控制流量的注入设备中，准备进行裂缝填充；S41: After the repair material prepared in S3 is completely mixed and vacuum degassed, it is immediately transferred to an injection device with a precisely controlled flow rate to prepare for crack filling;
S42：根据裂缝的宽度、深度和长度设置注入设备的压力和流量，以确保修复材料能够均匀分布，注入压力设置为1.5MPa，流量为15毫升/分钟；S42: Set the pressure and flow rate of the injection equipment according to the width, depth and length of the crack to ensure that the repair material can be evenly distributed. The injection pressure is set to 1.5 MPa and the flow rate is 15 ml/min.
S43：进行裂缝填充，从裂缝一端开始，缓慢均匀地将修复材料注入裂缝中，确保材料从注入点开始沿裂缝扩散填充，避免形成气泡或未填充区域，若裂缝长度较长，将采用多点注入法，即在裂缝上预设多个注入点，以确保修复材料在整个裂缝区域内均匀分布；填充完毕后使用光学或超声波检测技术检查填充后的裂缝，确保没有空隙和未充分填充的区域，若发现空隙或低填充区域，应重复S42和S43步骤直至裂缝完全填充。S43: Fill the cracks, starting from one end of the crack, slowly and evenly inject the repair material into the crack, ensuring that the material diffuses and fills along the crack from the injection point to avoid the formation of bubbles or unfilled areas. If the crack is long, a multi-point injection method will be used, that is, multiple injection points are preset on the crack to ensure that the repair material is evenly distributed throughout the crack area. After filling, use optical or ultrasonic detection technology to check the filled cracks to ensure that there are no gaps and insufficiently filled areas. If gaps or low-filling areas are found, repeat S42 and S43 steps until the crack is completely filled.
S5中使用微振设备对修复区域施加低频振动的频率为60赫兹，具体振动时间为10分钟。In S5, a micro-vibration device is used to apply low-frequency vibration to the repair area at a frequency of 60 Hz, and the specific vibration time is 10 minutes.
S6具体包括：S6 specifically includes:
S61：选择砂纸作为打磨工具；S61: Choose sandpaper as the grinding tool;
S62：先进行初步打磨，具体使用100粒度的砂纸，对修复区域表面进行初步打磨，去除修复材料表面的任何高点或粗糙区域，确保修复区域与周围混凝土表面高度一致；S62: Perform preliminary sanding, using 100-grit sandpaper, to remove any high spots or rough areas on the surface of the repair material and ensure that the repair area is at the same height as the surrounding concrete surface;
S63：在初步打磨后，更换至300粒度的砂纸，进行细致打磨，此步骤旨在平滑修复区域表面，减少初步打磨可能留下的划痕，提高修复面的整体平整度和美观性；S63: After the initial sanding, change to 300-grit sandpaper for detailed sanding. This step is to smooth the surface of the repair area, reduce the scratches that may be left by the initial sanding, and improve the overall flatness and aesthetics of the repair surface;
S64：完成打磨后，使用抛光剂和抛光工具对修复面进行抛光处理，抛光工具选用高速抛光机，抛光时速度设置2000转/分钟，持续时间为7分钟，以恢复或接近原混凝土表面的光洁度。S64: After grinding, use polishing agent and polishing tools to polish the repaired surface. Use a high-speed polishing machine as the polishing tool. Set the polishing speed to 2000 rpm for 7 minutes to restore or approach the smoothness of the original concrete surface.
S7具体包括：S7 specifically includes:
S71：在喷涂环氧基封闭涂层前，先使用脱脂剂去除表面油污和杂质，然后使用干净的布擦拭干净，以提高涂层的附着力；S71: Before spraying the epoxy sealer, use a degreaser to remove surface oil and impurities, then wipe it clean with a clean cloth to improve the adhesion of the coating;
S72：使用喷涂设备进行环氧基封闭涂层的喷涂，设置喷嘴距离修复面的距离为25厘米，喷涂压力调整为2.5巴，以确保涂层喷涂均匀且无滴落；S72: Use spray equipment to spray epoxy-based sealing coating, set the nozzle to 25 cm from the repair surface, and adjust the spray pressure to 2.5 bar to ensure that the coating is sprayed evenly and without dripping;
S73：进行至少两道喷涂，每道喷涂间隔时间为30分钟，以允许上一层部分固化，从而增加涂层的整体厚度和耐久性，总涂层厚度应控制在0.3毫米；S73: Apply at least two coats of spraying with a 30-minute interval between each coat to allow partial curing of the previous coat, thereby increasing the overall thickness and durability of the coating. The total coating thickness should be controlled within 0.3 mm.
S74：喷涂完成后，让环氧基封闭涂层在室温下自然固化36小时。S74: After spraying, allow the epoxy sealer to cure at room temperature for 36 hours.
实施例2Example 2
S1：进行裂缝评估，首先，采用高分辨率摄像头和结构健康监测传感器沿混凝土结构表面扫描，收集裂缝的图像和相关结构响应数据，通过图像处理软件，使用边缘检测算法识别裂缝边界，测定裂缝的宽度、深度和长度，结合结构响应数据，计算严重程度指数CSI值，数值越高的裂缝，修复优先级越高；S1: Crack assessment. First, high-resolution cameras and structural health monitoring sensors are used to scan along the surface of the concrete structure to collect crack images and related structural response data. Image processing software and edge detection algorithms are used to identify crack boundaries, measure crack width, depth and length, and calculate the severity index (CSI) value in combination with the structural response data. The higher the value of the crack, the higher the repair priority.
S2：裂缝准备：选用功率为100瓦，波长1064纳米的激光器，调整扫描速度为100毫米/秒进行裂缝内部的清洁，并调整激光功率至200瓦，通过激光刻蚀技术增加裂缝表面粗糙度至Ra 1.5微米，以提高修复材料的附着力；S2: Crack preparation: Use a laser with a power of 100 watts and a wavelength of 1064 nanometers, adjust the scanning speed to 100 mm/s to clean the inside of the crack, and adjust the laser power to 200 watts. Use laser etching technology to increase the surface roughness of the crack to Ra 1.5 microns to improve the adhesion of the repair material;
S3：配制修复材料，按照环氧树脂(40％)、硅砂(40％)、纤维增强材料(10％)和辅助材料(增塑剂10％)的比例混合，使用机械搅拌器在500rpm的速度下先将环氧树脂与辅助材料混合搅拌2分钟，然后逐步加入纤维增强材料，以转速为200rpm继续搅拌3分钟，接着加入硅砂，以转速为100rpm继续搅5分钟，最后在-0.08MPa的真空度下进行3分钟的脱泡处理；S3: Prepare the repair material, mix the epoxy resin (40%), silica sand (40%), fiber reinforcement material (10%) and auxiliary material (plasticizer 10%) in the proportion, use a mechanical stirrer to mix the epoxy resin and auxiliary material at a speed of 500 rpm for 2 minutes, then gradually add the fiber reinforcement material, continue to stir at a speed of 200 rpm for 3 minutes, then add silica sand, continue to stir at a speed of 100 rpm for 5 minutes, and finally perform a degassing treatment at a vacuum degree of -0.08 MPa for 3 minutes;
S4：将经过真空脱泡的修复材料立即转移至具有精确控制流量的注入设备中，设置注入压力为1.0MPa，流量为10毫升/分钟，缓慢均匀地将修复材料注入裂缝中，采用多点注入法以确保材料均匀分布；S4: Immediately transfer the vacuum degassed repair material to an injection device with precise flow control, set the injection pressure to 1.0 MPa and the flow rate to 10 ml/min, slowly and evenly inject the repair material into the crack, and use a multi-point injection method to ensure uniform distribution of the material;
S5：在填充后，使用微振设备施加20赫兹的低频振动于修复区域，持续5分钟，这有助于促进内部气泡上升至表面并释放，从而加速修复材料的固化过程；S5: After filling, use a micro-vibration device to apply 20 Hz low-frequency vibration to the repair area for 5 minutes, which helps to promote the internal bubbles to rise to the surface and release, thereby accelerating the curing process of the repair material;
S6：修复材料固化后，使用80粒度的砂轮进行初步打磨，随后更换至200粒度的砂轮进行细致打磨，完成后，使用抛光剂和高速抛光机进行抛光，抛光时速度设置为1500转/分钟，持续时间为5分钟，使修复面与周围混凝土表面一致；S6: After the repair material is cured, use an 80-grit grinding wheel for preliminary grinding, then change to a 200-grit grinding wheel for detailed grinding. After completion, use a polishing agent and a high-speed polisher for polishing. The speed is set to 1500 rpm for 5 minutes to make the repair surface consistent with the surrounding concrete surface.
S7：最后，对修复面进行清洁，去除油污和杂质后，喷涂环氧基封闭涂层。喷涂距离控制在20厘米，压力设置为2巴，进行至少两道喷涂，每道间隔30分钟，总涂层厚度控制在0.2毫米，然后让其在室温下自然固化24小时，完成密封处理。S7: Finally, the repaired surface is cleaned to remove oil and impurities, and then the epoxy-based sealing coating is sprayed. The spraying distance is controlled at 20 cm, the pressure is set to 2 bar, and at least two sprays are applied, each with a 30-minute interval, and the total coating thickness is controlled to 0.2 mm, and then it is allowed to cure naturally at room temperature for 24 hours to complete the sealing process.
实施例3Example 3
S1：进行裂缝评估，首先，采用高分辨率摄像头和结构健康监测传感器沿混凝土结构表面扫描，收集裂缝的图像和相关结构响应数据，通过图像处理软件，使用边缘检测算法识别裂缝边界，测定裂缝的宽度、深度和长度，结合结构响应数据，计算严重程度指数CSI值，数值越高的裂缝，修复优先级越高；S1: Crack assessment. First, high-resolution cameras and structural health monitoring sensors are used to scan along the surface of the concrete structure to collect crack images and related structural response data. Image processing software and edge detection algorithms are used to identify crack boundaries, measure crack width, depth and length, and calculate the severity index (CSI) value in combination with the structural response data. The higher the value of the crack, the higher the repair priority.
S2：裂缝准备：选用功率为500瓦，波长1064纳米的激光器，调整扫描速度为500毫米/秒进行裂缝内部的清洁，并调整激光功率至600瓦，通过激光刻蚀技术增加裂缝表面粗糙度至Ra 3.5微米，以提高修复材料的附着力；S2: Crack preparation: A laser with a power of 500 watts and a wavelength of 1064 nanometers was selected, and the scanning speed was adjusted to 500 mm/s to clean the inside of the crack. The laser power was adjusted to 600 watts, and the surface roughness of the crack was increased to Ra 3.5 microns through laser etching technology to improve the adhesion of the repair material;
S3：配制修复材料，按照环氧树脂(60％)、硅砂(30％)、纤维增强材料(5％)和辅助材料(防腐剂5％)的比例混合，使用机械搅拌器在1000rpm的速度下先将环氧树脂与辅助材料混合搅拌5分钟，然后逐步加入纤维增强材料，以转速为500rpm继续搅拌7分钟，接着加入硅砂，以转速为300rpm继续搅10分钟，最后在-0.1MPa的真空度下进行5分钟的脱泡处理；S3: Prepare the repair material, mix the epoxy resin (60%), silica sand (30%), fiber reinforcement material (5%) and auxiliary material (preservative 5%) in the proportion, use a mechanical stirrer to mix the epoxy resin and auxiliary material at a speed of 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, then gradually add the fiber reinforcement material, continue to stir at a speed of 500 rpm for 7 minutes, then add silica sand, continue to stir at a speed of 300 rpm for 10 minutes, and finally perform a degassing treatment at a vacuum degree of -0.1 MPa for 5 minutes;
S4：将经过真空脱泡的修复材料立即转移至具有精确控制流量的注入设备中，设置注入压力为2.0MPa，流量为20毫升/分钟，缓慢均匀地将修复材料注入裂缝中，采用多点注入法以确保材料均匀分布；S4: Immediately transfer the vacuum degassed repair material to an injection device with precise flow control, set the injection pressure to 2.0 MPa and the flow rate to 20 ml/min, slowly and evenly inject the repair material into the crack, and use a multi-point injection method to ensure uniform distribution of the material;
S5：在填充后，使用微振设备施加100赫兹的低频振动于修复区域，持续15分钟，这有助于促进内部气泡上升至表面并释放，从而加速修复材料的固化过程；S5: After filling, use a micro-vibration device to apply low-frequency vibration of 100 Hz to the repair area for 15 minutes, which helps to promote the internal bubbles to rise to the surface and release, thereby accelerating the curing process of the repair material;
S6：修复材料固化后，使用120粒度的砂纸进行初步打磨，随后更换至400粒度的砂纸进行细致打磨，完成后，使用抛光剂和高速抛光机进行抛光，抛光时速度设置为2500转/分钟，持续时间为10分钟，使修复面与周围混凝土表面一致；S6: After the repair material is cured, use 120-grit sandpaper for preliminary grinding, then change to 400-grit sandpaper for detailed grinding. After completion, use polishing agent and high-speed polishing machine for polishing. The speed is set to 2500 rpm for 10 minutes to make the repair surface consistent with the surrounding concrete surface;
S7：最后，对修复面进行清洁，去除油污和杂质后，喷涂环氧基封闭涂层。喷涂距离控制在30厘米，压力设置为3巴，进行至少两道喷涂，每道间隔30分钟，总涂层厚度控制在0.5毫米，然后让其在室温下自然固化48小时，完成密封处理。S7: Finally, the repaired surface is cleaned to remove oil and impurities, and then the epoxy-based sealing coating is sprayed. The spraying distance is controlled at 30 cm, the pressure is set to 3 bar, and at least two sprays are applied, each with a 30-minute interval, and the total coating thickness is controlled to 0.5 mm, and then it is allowed to cure naturally at room temperature for 48 hours to complete the sealing process.
表1裂缝控制修复方法效率对比Table 1 Comparison of efficiency of crack control and repair methods
从上述表1可以看出，实施例1在所有评估参数中展示了最高的效率，它实现了最佳的裂缝检测准确率(98％)，这表明其在识别最小和最具挑战性的裂缝方面具有超越性能，修复后的粘结强度在此例中最高(3.5MPa)，指示出修复材料与原混凝土结构的结合更强，有助于长期耐用性，此外，它所需的完全固化时间最短(24小时)，大大减少了停机时间，促进了更快的服务恢复，修复后的耐用性也是最高的(10年)，表明采用实施例1方法进行的修复可能在需要进一步干预之前持续更长时间，另外，1.5的表面平整度(Ra,μm)指示了超级的表面处理质量，确保修复面与周围混凝土表面无缝融合。As can be seen from Table 1 above, Example 1 demonstrated the highest efficiency in all evaluated parameters. It achieved the best crack detection accuracy (98%), which shows that it has superior performance in identifying the smallest and most challenging cracks. The bond strength after repair is the highest in this case (3.5MPa), indicating that the repair material has a stronger bond with the original concrete structure, which contributes to long-term durability. In addition, it requires the shortest full curing time (24 hours), which greatly reduces downtime and promotes faster service restoration. The durability after repair is also the highest (10 years), indicating that the repair performed by the method of Example 1 may last longer before further intervention is required. In addition, the surface flatness (Ra, μm) of 1.5 indicates superb surface treatment quality, ensuring that the repair surface blends seamlessly with the surrounding concrete surface.
表2其他方面效率数据对比Table 2 Comparison of efficiency data in other aspects
从上述表2可以看出，实施例1在各个评估方面均展现出最优性能，它在劳动成本降低(30％)、环境影响(最小)、操作便利性(9分)、材料效率(95％)、修复时间缩短(40％)以及长期稳定性(9分)等方面均优于其他实施例，这表明，采用实施例1的修复方法不仅能有效减少劳动成本，而且对环境的影响最小，操作更加方便，材料使用更加高效，缩短了修复时间，且能够提供更长期的稳定性，这些结果进一步证明了实施例1是一种在多个维度上都表现优异的混凝土结构裂缝控制修复方法。It can be seen from Table 2 above that Example 1 shows the best performance in all evaluation aspects. It is superior to other embodiments in terms of labor cost reduction (30%), environmental impact (minimum), operational convenience (9 points), material efficiency (95%), shortened repair time (40%) and long-term stability (9 points). This shows that the repair method of Example 1 can not only effectively reduce labor costs, but also has minimal impact on the environment, is more convenient to operate, uses materials more efficiently, shortens the repair time, and can provide longer-term stability. These results further prove that Example 1 is a concrete structure crack control and repair method that performs well in multiple dimensions.
综上所述，实施例1不仅在技术性能上展现了优越性，也在成本效益、环境友好性和用户便利性等方面表现出了明显的优势，因此，实施例1可被认为是混凝土结构裂缝控制修复方法中的最佳实施例，其综合性能的优越性使其成为实际应用中理想的选择。In summary, Example 1 not only demonstrates superiority in technical performance, but also shows obvious advantages in cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness and user convenience. Therefore, Example 1 can be considered as the best embodiment of the method for controlling and repairing cracks in concrete structures, and its superior comprehensive performance makes it an ideal choice in practical applications.
本发明旨在涵盖落入所附权利要求的宽泛范围之内的所有这样的替换、修改和变型。因此，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所做的任何省略、修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
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| CN202410850439.7ACN118855267A (en) | 2024-06-28 | 2024-06-28 | A method for controlling and repairing cracks in concrete structures |
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| CN119738248A (en)* | 2024-12-03 | 2025-04-01 | 雅江清洁能源科学技术研究(北京)有限公司 | A fault slip experimental device |
| CN120193877A (en)* | 2025-04-18 | 2025-06-24 | 山西能源学院 | Device and method for repairing filling bodies by inducing microbial nanomaterials based on acoustic-thermal effect |
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| CN119738248A (en)* | 2024-12-03 | 2025-04-01 | 雅江清洁能源科学技术研究(北京)有限公司 | A fault slip experimental device |
| CN120193877A (en)* | 2025-04-18 | 2025-06-24 | 山西能源学院 | Device and method for repairing filling bodies by inducing microbial nanomaterials based on acoustic-thermal effect |
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