技术领域Technical Field
本申请属于飞机装配技术领域，特别涉及一种大型装配工装测量场精度评估方法。The present application belongs to the field of aircraft assembly technology, and in particular relates to a method for evaluating the accuracy of a large-scale assembly tool measurement field.
背景技术Background Art
飞机工装是重要的飞机产品制造依据，按照航空制造工程手册、国家军用标准、航空行业标准等依据，工装目标精度一般按照飞机产品制造精度的1/3～1/5选取，而测量场作为工装定位件安装的基准和飞机产品过程测量的基准，其精度与稳定性设计极其重要。Aircraft tooling is an important basis for aircraft product manufacturing. According to the Aviation Manufacturing Engineering Manual, national military standards, aviation industry standards, etc., the target accuracy of tooling is generally selected according to 1/3 to 1/5 of the aircraft product manufacturing accuracy. The measurement field is the benchmark for the installation of tooling locating parts and the benchmark for aircraft product process measurement, and its accuracy and stability design are extremely important.
由于激光跟踪仪的15μm+6ppm测量精度，是目前所有大尺寸测量设备最精密可靠的，基于设备精度指标与工装目标精度匹配问题，大尺寸工装测量主要采用激光跟踪仪进行。大尺寸工装测量场设计包含包络性设计、连续性设计、可视性设计、稳定性设计等过程，其中包络性设计对工装测量精度产生直接影响的比例约占1/3，连续性设计对工装测量精度的影响约占1/7左右，同时温度、振动、结构变形等对工装测量精度也有较大的影响。Since the 15μm+6ppm measurement accuracy of the laser tracker is the most precise and reliable of all large-scale measurement equipment, large-scale tooling measurement is mainly carried out using laser trackers based on the matching problem between equipment accuracy indicators and tooling target accuracy. The design of large-scale tooling measurement field includes envelope design, continuity design, visibility design, stability design and other processes. Among them, the envelope design has a direct impact on the tooling measurement accuracy of about 1/3, and the continuity design has an impact on the tooling measurement accuracy of about 1/7. At the same time, temperature, vibration, structural deformation, etc. also have a great impact on the tooling measurement accuracy.
但是，在大型装配工装设计过程中，测量精度量化设计一直处于一种模糊状态，计算过程基本依据相关测量设备出厂测距精度进行粗略评估，对多物理场影响下的装配工装测量场精度无法进行定性定量解释，进而导致测量场精度概念越来越模糊，相关测量系统设计软件开发难以进行。However, in the design process of large-scale assembly tooling, the quantitative design of measurement accuracy has always been in a vague state. The calculation process is basically based on a rough assessment of the factory ranging accuracy of the relevant measuring equipment. The measurement field accuracy of the assembly tooling under the influence of multiple physical fields cannot be qualitatively and quantitatively explained, which leads to the concept of measurement field accuracy becoming increasingly vague, and the development of related measurement system design software is difficult to carry out.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决上述技术问题，本申请提供了一种大型装配工装测量场精度评估方法，主要包括：In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for evaluating the accuracy of a large-scale assembly tool measurement field, which mainly includes:
步骤S1、根据测量设备的测距精度参数，计算在站位测长下的测距精度，并将其作为测距误差，其中，站位测长包括全局站位测长与局部站位测长，对应的，测距误差包括全局测距误差与局部测距误差；Step S1, according to the ranging accuracy parameter of the measuring device, calculating the ranging accuracy under the station length measurement, and taking it as the ranging error, wherein the station length measurement includes the global station length measurement and the local station length measurement, and correspondingly, the ranging error includes the global ranging error and the local ranging error;
步骤S2、根据测量站位包络体的贯穿线长度与站位测长的比值关系，计算包络系数，并基于包络系数修正所述测距误差，获得包络性误差，所述包络系数包括全局包络系数与局部包络系数，对应的，所述包络性误差包括全局包络性误差与局部包络性误差；Step S2, calculating the envelope coefficient according to the ratio of the through-line length of the measuring station envelope to the station measurement length, and correcting the ranging error based on the envelope coefficient to obtain an envelope error, wherein the envelope coefficient includes a global envelope coefficient and a local envelope coefficient, and correspondingly, the envelope error includes a global envelope error and a local envelope error;
步骤S3、根据连续性基准点的最大间距确定连续性误差；Step S3, determining the continuity error according to the maximum spacing of the continuity reference points;
步骤S4、根据测量场的最大温差及材料修正系数确定温变误差；Step S4, determining the temperature variation error according to the maximum temperature difference of the measurement field and the material correction coefficient;
步骤S5、根据测距误差、包络性误差、连续性误差及温变误差确定测量误差，所述测量误差包括全局测量误差与局部测量误差；Step S5, determining a measurement error according to the ranging error, the envelope error, the continuity error and the temperature variation error, wherein the measurement error includes a global measurement error and a local measurement error;
步骤S6、根据测量误差与给定的工装需求精度做比较，以评估测量误差是否符合测量场构建精度需求。Step S6: Compare the measurement error with the given tooling accuracy requirement to evaluate whether the measurement error meets the measurement field construction accuracy requirement.
优选的是，步骤S2中，选取测量站位包络体内两个边界连接点连线中的最大值作为测量站位包络体的贯穿线长度。Preferably, in step S2, the maximum value of the line connecting two boundary connection points in the measuring station envelope is selected as the through-line length of the measuring station envelope.
优选的是，在步骤S2中，通过以下公式计算包络系数ρ包络：Preferably, in step S2, the envelope coefficientρenvelope is calculated by the following formula:
当L贯穿线≥2L站位时，ρ包络=0；When Lthrough line ≥ 2Lstation , ρenvelope = 0;
当L贯穿线<2L站位时，ρ包络=(2L站位-L贯穿线)/ (2L站位)；When Lpenetration line < 2Lstation , ρenvelope = (2Lstation - Lpenetration line ) / (2Lstation );
其中，L贯穿线为贯穿线长度，L站位为站位测长。Among them,Lthroughline is the length of the throughline, and Lstationis the measured length of the station.
优选的是，在步骤S3中，通过以下公式计算连续性误差σc：Preferably, in step S3, the continuity error σc is calculated by the following formula:
σc=0.0235*Le；σc =0.0235*Le ;
其中，Le为相邻连续性基准点之间的最大间距。WhereLe is the maximum distance between adjacent continuous reference points.
优选的是，在步骤S4中，通过以下公式计算温变误差σT：Preferably, in step S4, the temperature variation error σT is calculated by the following formula:
σT=(1-ρ3)* (Tmax-Tmin)*α*L4/2；σT =(1-ρ3 )* (Tmax -Tmin )*α*L4 /2;
其中，ρ3为材料修正系数，α为测量场的工装主体结构材料热膨胀系数，L4为沿平行于或者垂直于包络体的贯穿线方向，测量场内工艺装备上的任意两个工装测量对象点之间距离的最大值，Tmax与Tmin分别为测量场的各测温点中的温度最大值与温度最小值。Among them, ρ3 is the material correction coefficient, α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the main structure material of the tooling in the measurement field, L4 is the maximum value of the distance between any two tooling measurement object points on the process equipment in the measurement field along the through-line direction parallel to or perpendicular to the envelope, Tmax and Tmin are the maximum and minimum temperatures at each temperature measurement point in the measurement field, respectively.
优选的是，步骤S4中，所述测量场至少在地基四角布置有四个测温点。Preferably, in step S4, the measurement field has at least four temperature measurement points arranged at four corners of the foundation.
优选的是，步骤S5进一步包括：Preferably, step S5 further comprises:
步骤S51、确定测量精度系数ρ测量精度：Step S51, determine the measurement accuracy coefficient ρmeasurement accuracy :
当σ测距≥σ需求精度时，ρ测量精度=0；When σranging ≥ σrequired accuracy , ρmeasurement accuracy = 0;
当σ需求精度＞σ测距≥σ需求精度/3时，ρ测量精度=3(σ需求精度-σ测距)/ (2σ需求精度)；When σrequired accuracy > σranging ≥ σrequired accuracy / 3, ρmeasurement accuracy = 3 (σrequired accuracy - σranging ) / (2σrequired accuracy );
当σ测距＜σ需求精度/3时，ρ测量精度=1；When σranging < σrequired accuracy /3, ρmeasurement accuracy = 1;
其中，σ需求精度为给定的工装需求精度，σ测距为步骤S1计算的测距误差；Among them, σrequired accuracy is the given tooling required accuracy, and σranging is the ranging error calculated in step S1;
步骤S52、根据以下公式确定全局测量定位误差σa：Step S52: determine the global measurement positioning error σa according to the following formula:
σa=(σL2＋σt2＋σe12＋σc2＋σT2＋A2)1/2＋((σL＋σt＋σe1＋σc＋σT＋A)－(σL2＋σt2＋σe12＋σc2＋σT2＋A2)1/2)*ρ测量精度；σa =(σL2 +σt2 +σe12 +σc2 +σT2 +A2 )1/2 +((σL +σt +σe1 +σc +σT +A)-(σL2 +σt2 +σe12 ＋σc2 ＋σT2 ＋A2 )1/2 )*ρmeasurement accuracy ;
其中，σL为全局测距误差，σt为测量设备转站误差，σe1为全局包络性误差，σc为连续性误差，σT为温变误差，A为测量场外部振源在测量场内工装位置处产生的最大振幅；Among them, σL is the global ranging error, σt is the measurement equipment transfer error, σe1 is the global envelope error, σc is the continuity error, σT is the temperature variation error, and A is the maximum amplitude generated by the external vibration source of the measurement field at the tooling position in the measurement field;
根据以下公式确定全局测量重复定位误差σa1：The global measurement repeatability error σa1 is determined according to the following formula:
σa1=(σL2＋σe12＋σc2)1/2＋((σL＋σe1＋σc)－(σL2＋σe12＋σc2)1/2)*ρ测量精度；σa1 =(σL2 +σe12 +σc2 )1/2 +((σL +σe1 +σc )-(σL2 +σe12 +σc2 )1/2 )*ρmeasurement accuracy ;
根据以下公式确定局部测量定位误差σb：The local measurement positioning error σb is determined according to the following formula:
σb=(σL12＋σe22＋σc2＋σT2)1/2＋((σL1＋σe2＋σc＋σT)－(σL12＋σe22＋σc2＋σT2)1/2)*ρ测量精度；σb =(σL12 +σe22 +σc2 +σT2 )1/2 +((σL1 +σe2 +σc +σT )-(σL12 +σe22 +σc2 +σT2 )1/2 )*ρmeasurement accuracy ;
其中，σL1为局部测距误差，σe2为局部包络性误差；Among them, σL1 is the local ranging error, σe2 is the local envelope error;
根据以下公式确定局部测量重复定位误差σb1：The local measurement repeatability error σb1 is determined according to the following formula:
σb1=(σL12＋σc2)1/2＋((σL1＋σc)－(σL12＋σc2)1/2)*ρ测量精度。σb1 =(σL12 +σc2 )1/2 +((σL1 +σc )-(σL12 +σc2 )1/2 )*ρmeasurement accuracy .
优选的是，步骤S52进一步包括：Preferably, step S52 further comprises:
当全局测量站位包络体的贯穿线长度小于5m时，A的测量基准是工装全局坐标系，反之，A的测量基准是工装定位点就近的主体骨架结构。When the length of the penetration line of the global measurement station envelope is less than 5m, the measurement reference of A is the global coordinate system of the tooling. Otherwise, the measurement reference of A is the main skeleton structure closest to the tooling positioning point.
优选的是，步骤S6进一步包括：Preferably, step S6 further comprises:
当全局测量重复定位误差σa1小于等于工装全局需求精度σ，且当局部测量重复定位误差σb1小于等于工装局部需求精度σ0时，测量误差符合测量场构建精度需求。When the global measurement repeatability error σa1 is less than or equal to the global required accuracy σ of the tooling, and when the local measurement repeatability error σb1 is less than or equal to the local required accuracy σ0 of the tooling, the measurement error meets the accuracy requirements for measuring field construction.
优选的是，步骤S5之后进一步包括：Preferably, step S5 further includes:
步骤S53、确定全局最大误差σa2为：Step S53, determine the global maximum errorσa2 as:
σa2=max(σa1，σd，σs)；σa2 =max(σa1 , σd , σs );
确定局部最大误差σb2为：Determine the local maximum error σb2 as:
σb2=max(σb1，σd，A)；σb2 =max(σb1 ,σd ,A);
其中，σd为地基结构变形，σs为工装结构非载荷引起的变形。Among them,σd is the deformation of the foundation structure, andσs is the deformation of the tooling structure caused by non-load.
本申请构建了多物理场影响下的装配工装精度误差计算方法，对全局大范围测量、局部小范围测量进行了精度评估区分，提高了飞机装配工装测量场装配工装精度误差的计算精度。The present application constructs a method for calculating the precision error of assembly tooling under the influence of multiple physical fields, distinguishes the precision evaluation of global large-scale measurement and local small-scale measurement, and improves the calculation accuracy of the precision error of assembly tooling in the aircraft assembly tooling measurement field.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本申请大型装配工装测量场精度评估方法的一优选实施方式的各测量点布置示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of various measuring points of a preferred embodiment of a method for evaluating the accuracy of a large assembly tool measurement field of the present application.
其中， 1-工艺装备；2-扩大基准点；3-连续性基准点；4-全局测量站位；5-局部测量站位；6-地基；7-工装测量对象点；8-测温点；9-全局测量站位包络体；10-局部测量站位包络体。Among them, 1-process equipment; 2-expanded reference point; 3-continuous reference point; 4-global measurement station; 5-local measurement station; 6-foundation; 7-tooling measurement object point; 8-temperature measurement point; 9-global measurement station envelope; 10-local measurement station envelope.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本申请实施的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请实施方式中的附图，对本申请实施方式中的技术方案进行更加详细的描述。在附图中，自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。所描述的实施方式是本申请一部分实施方式，而不是全部的实施方式。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性的，旨在用于解释本申请，而不能理解为对本申请的限制。基于本申请中的实施方式，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施方式，都属于本申请保护的范围。下面结合附图对本申请的实施方式进行详细说明。In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical scheme in the implementation of this application will be described in more detail in combination with the drawings in the implementation of this application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described implementation is a part of the implementation of this application, not all of the implementations. The implementation described below with reference to the drawings is exemplary and is intended to be used to explain this application, and cannot be understood as a limitation on this application. Based on the implementation in this application, all other implementations obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. The implementation of this application is described in detail below in combination with the drawings.
本申请提供了一种大型装配工装测量场精度评估方法，适合于超过5m的大尺寸装配工装高精度测量系统设计精度的计算评估。The present application provides a method for evaluating the measurement field accuracy of large-scale assembly tooling, which is suitable for the calculation and evaluation of the design accuracy of high-precision measurement systems for large-scale assembly tooling exceeding 5m.
首先参考图1，工艺装备1分散或整体布置于地基6上，扩大基准点2和连续性基准点3按照测量系统包络性和连续性原则布置在地基6或工艺装备1上，全局测量站位4按照系统测量或整体测量相关的全局性测量要求布置于地面以上，局部测量站位5按照发动机、起落架等局部测量要求布置于地面以上，工装测量对象点7布置于工艺装备1的定位结构上，测温点8布置于工艺装备1或地基6的最大平面四角或立体八角位置的突出位置上。图1中，4个测温点T1～T4布置于工艺装备外侧，且位于地基6的四角尖点位置。First, referring to FIG1 , the process equipment 1 is dispersed or arranged as a whole on the foundation 6, the enlarged reference point 2 and the continuous reference point 3 are arranged on the foundation 6 or the process equipment 1 according to the envelope and continuity principles of the measurement system, the global measurement station 4 is arranged above the ground according to the global measurement requirements related to the system measurement or the overall measurement, the local measurement station 5 is arranged above the ground according to the local measurement requirements of the engine, landing gear, etc., the tooling measurement object point 7 is arranged on the positioning structure of the process equipment 1, and the temperature measurement point 8 is arranged at the protruding position of the largest plane four corners or three-dimensional octagonal position of the process equipment 1 or the foundation 6. In FIG1 , the four temperature measurement points T1 to T4 are arranged outside the process equipment and are located at the four corners of the foundation 6.
根据测量场内全局测量站位4关联的所有扩大基准点2、连续性基准点3、工装测量对象点7求取最大外轮廓，形成全局测量站位包络体9，根据局部测量站位5关联的所有扩大基准点2、连续性基准点3、工装测量对象点7求取最大外轮廓，形成局部测量站位包络体10。The maximum outer contour is obtained based on all the enlarged reference points 2, the continuous reference points 3, and the tooling measurement object points 7 associated with the global measurement station 4 in the measurement field to form a global measurement station envelope 9. The maximum outer contour is obtained based on all the enlarged reference points 2, the continuous reference points 3, and the tooling measurement object points 7 associated with the local measurement station 5 to form a local measurement station envelope 10.
本申请提供的大型装配工装测量场精度评估方法，如图1所示，主要包括：The large-scale assembly tool measurement field accuracy evaluation method provided in this application, as shown in FIG1, mainly includes:
步骤S1、根据测量设备的测距精度参数，计算在站位测长下的测距精度，并将其作为测距误差，其中，站位测长包括全局站位测长与局部站位测长，对应的，测距误差包括全局测距误差与局部测距误差。Step S1, according to the ranging accuracy parameters of the measuring equipment, calculate the ranging accuracy under the station length measurement, and use it as the ranging error, wherein the station length measurement includes the global station length measurement and the local station length measurement, and correspondingly, the ranging error includes the global ranging error and the local ranging error.
该步骤中，测距精度参数包括测距常数与测距系数，测距精度公式通常表示为：测距精度=测距常数+测距系数*测距，以某型激光跟踪仪为例，其测距常数为15μm，测距系数为6μm，将全局站位测长L=14.4m，局部站位测长L1=5.9m分别作为测距带入上述公式，计算的测距精度作为测距误差，由此计算出全局测距误差σL=15μm+6μm*14.4=0.101mm，局部测距误差σL1=15μm+6μm*5.9=0.05mm。In this step, the ranging accuracy parameters include the ranging constant and the ranging coefficient. The ranging accuracy formula is usually expressed as: ranging accuracy = ranging constant + ranging coefficient * ranging. Taking a certain type of laser tracker as an example, its ranging constant is 15μm, and its ranging coefficient is 6μm. The global station measurement length L=14.4m and the local station measurement lengthL1 =5.9m are respectively substituted into the above formula as ranging, and the calculated ranging accuracy is taken as the ranging error. Thus, the global ranging errorσL =15μm+6μm*14.4=0.101mm and the local ranging errorσL1 =15μm+6μm*5.9=0.05mm are calculated.
需要说明的是，全局站位测长及局部站位测长的单位为m，计算时不带该单位，仅在该单位下取值。It should be noted that the unit of the global station length measurement and the local station length measurement is m. This unit is not used in the calculation and only the value is taken under this unit.
对于全局站位测长L与局部站位测长L1，如图1所示，根据全局测量站位4与全局测量站位包络体9内关联的所有测量场内所有扩大基准点2、连续性基准点3、工装测量对象点7的最大间距值获取全局站位测长L，根据局部测量站位5与局部测量站位包络体10内关联的扩大基准点2、连续性基准点3、工装测量对象点7的最大间距值获取局部站位测长L1；本实施例中，根据全局测量站位4与全局测量站位包络体9内的扩大基准点2、连续性基准点3、工装测量对象点7分别进行连线，其中左边的一个扩大基准点2与全局测量站位4之间的距离最大，将其作为全局站位测长L，并测量得L=14.4m；同时，根据局部测量站位5与局部测量站位包络体10内关联的扩大基准点2、连续性基准点3、工装测量对象点7分别进行连线，其中左下角的工装测量对象点7与局部测量站位5的距离最大，即将其作为局部站位测长L1，并测量得L1=5.9m。For the global station measurement length L and the local station measurement length L1 , as shown in FIG1 , the global station measurement length L is obtained according to the maximum spacing value of all the enlarged reference points 2, the continuous reference points 3, and the tooling measurement object points 7 in all the measurement fields associated with the global measurement station 4 and the global measurement station envelope 9, and the local station measurement length L1 is obtained according to the maximum spacing value of the enlarged reference points 2, the continuous reference points 3, and the tooling measurement object points 7 associated with the local measurement station 5 and the local measurement station envelope 10. In this embodiment, the global measurement station 4 is connected with the enlarged reference point 2, the continuity reference point 3, and the tooling measurement object point 7 in the global measurement station envelope 9, wherein the distance between the enlarged reference point 2 on the left and the global measurement station 4 is the largest, and it is used as the global station measurement length L, and L=14.4m is measured; at the same time, the local measurement station 5 is connected with the enlarged reference point 2, the continuity reference point 3, and the tooling measurement object point 7 associated with the local measurement station envelope 10, wherein the distance between the tooling measurement object point 7 in the lower left corner and the local measurement station 5 is the largest, and it is used as the local station measurement lengthL1 , andL1 =5.9m is measured.
步骤S2、根据测量站位包络体的贯穿线长度与站位测长的比值关系，计算包络系数，并基于包络系数修正所述测距误差，获得包络性误差，所述包络系数包括全局包络系数与局部包络系数，对应的，所述包络性误差包括全局包络性误差与局部包络性误差。Step S2, calculate the envelope coefficient according to the ratio of the through-line length of the measuring station envelope and the station measurement length, and correct the ranging error based on the envelope coefficient to obtain the envelope error, wherein the envelope coefficient includes a global envelope coefficient and a local envelope coefficient, and correspondingly, the envelope error includes a global envelope error and a local envelope error.
在一些可选实施方式中，步骤S2中，选取测量站位包络体内两个边界连接点连线中的最大值作为测量站位包络体的贯穿线长度。如图1所示，经测量，全局测量站位包络体9内的贯穿线长度L2=29.3m，局部测量站位包络体10内的贯穿线长度L3=8.3m。In some optional implementations, in step S2, the maximum value of the line connecting the two boundary connection points in the measurement station envelope is selected as the through-line length of the measurement station envelope. As shown in FIG1 , after measurement, the through-line length L2 in the global measurement station envelope 9 is 29.3 m, and the through-line length L3 in the local measurement station envelope 10 is 8.3 m.
在一些可选实施方式中，在步骤S2中，通过以下公式计算包络系数ρ包络：In some optional implementations, in step S2, the envelope coefficientρenvelope is calculated by the following formula:
当L贯穿线≥2L站位时，ρ包络=0；When Lthrough line ≥ 2Lstation , ρenvelope = 0;
当L贯穿线<2L站位时，ρ包络=(2L站位-L贯穿线)/ (2L站位)；When Lpenetration line < 2Lstation , ρenvelope = (2Lstation - Lpenetration line ) / (2Lstation );
其中，L贯穿线为贯穿线长度，L站位为站位测长。Among them,Lthroughline is the length of the throughline, and Lstationis the measured length of the station.
该实施例中，包络系数ρ包络包括全局包络系数ρ全局包络和局部包络系数ρ局部包络，对应计算的包络性误差包括全局包络性误差σe1和局部包络性误差σe2，全局包络系数ρ全局包络在计算时使用的贯穿线为全局测量站位包络体9内的贯穿线，其长度L2=29.3m，使用的站位测长为全局站位测长L=14.4m，由于L2>2L，则全局包络系数ρ全局包络为0，计算全局包络性误差σe1=ρ全局包络*σL=0*0.101mm=0。对应的，局部包络系数ρ局部包络在计算时使用的贯穿线为局部测量站位包络体10内的贯穿线，其长度L3=8.3m，使用的站位测长为局部站位测长L1=5.9m，由于L3=<2L1，则局部包络系数ρ局部包络=(2L1－L3)/ (2L1)=(2*5.9－8.3)/（2*5.9）=0.29，由此计算局部包络性误差σe2=ρ局部包络*σL1=0.29*0.05mm=0.0145mm。In this embodiment, the envelope coefficientρenvelope includes a global envelope coefficientρglobalenvelope and a local envelope coefficientρlocalenvelope . The corresponding calculated envelope error includes a global envelope errorσe1 and a local envelope error σe2. The penetration line used in the calculation of the global envelope coefficientρglobalenvelope is a penetration line within the global measurement station envelope 9, and its lengthL2 =29.3m. The station measurement length used is the global station measurement length L=14.4m. SinceL2 >2L, the global envelope coefficientρglobalenvelope is 0, and the calculated global envelope errorσe1 =ρglobalenvelope *σL =0* 0.101mm=0. Correspondingly, the penetration line used in the calculation of the local envelope coefficient ρlocalenvelope is the penetration line within the local measurement station envelope 10, whose length L3 =8.3m, and the station measurement length used is the local station measurement length L1 =5.9m. Since L3 =<2L1 , the local envelope coefficient ρlocalenvelope =(2L1 －L3 )/ (2L1 )=(2*5.9－8.3)/（2*5.9）=0.29, and the local envelope error σe2 =ρlocalenvelope *σL1 =0.29*0.05mm=0.0145mm is calculated.
步骤S3、根据连续性基准点的最大间距确定连续性误差。Step S3: determining the continuity error according to the maximum spacing of the continuity reference points.
该步骤用于计算连续性误差，在一些可选实施方式中，在步骤S3中，通过以下公式计算连续性误差σc：This step is used to calculate the continuity error. In some optional implementations, in step S3, the continuity error σc is calculated by the following formula:
σc=0.0235*Le；σc =0.0235*Le ;
其中，Le为相邻连续性基准点之间的最大间距。WhereLe is the maximum distance between adjacent continuous reference points.
在该实施例中，如图1所示，连续性基准点3中的最大间距Le=1.5m，由此，σc=0.0235*Le=0.0235×1.5=0.035mm。In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1 , the maximum spacing among the continuous reference points 3is Le = 1.5 m, and thus, σc = 0.0235*Le = 0.0235×1.5=0.035 mm.
步骤S4、根据测量场的最大温差及材料修正系数确定温变误差。Step S4: determining the temperature variation error according to the maximum temperature difference of the measurement field and the material correction coefficient.
该步骤用于计算温变误差，在一些可选实施方式中，在步骤S4中，通过以下公式计算温变误差σT：This step is used to calculate the temperature variation error. In some optional implementations, in step S4, the temperature variation error σT is calculated by the following formula:
σT=(1-ρ3)* (Tmax-Tmin)*α*L4/2；σT =(1-ρ3 )* (Tmax -Tmin )*α*L4 /2;
其中，ρ3为材料修正系数，α为测量场的工装主体结构材料热膨胀系数，L4为沿平行于或者垂直于包络体的贯穿线方向，测量场内工艺装备上的任意两个工装测量对象点之间距离的最大值，Tmax与Tmin分别为测量场的各测温点中的温度最大值与温度最小值。Among them, ρ3 is the material correction coefficient, α is the thermal expansion coefficient of the main structure material of the tooling in the measurement field, L4 is the maximum value of the distance between any two tooling measurement object points on the process equipment in the measurement field along the through-line direction parallel to or perpendicular to the envelope, Tmax and Tmin are the maximum and minimum temperatures at each temperature measurement point in the measurement field, respectively.
在一些可选实施方式中，步骤S4中，所述测量场至少在地基四角布置有四个测温点。In some optional implementations, in step S4, the measurement field is provided with at least four temperature measurement points at four corners of the foundation.
该实施例中，测量获取同一测量周期内工艺装备1和地基6整体结构包络范围内各处最大包络点温度，即图1中检测工装四角测温点8的温度T1=25.2℃、T2=25.8℃、T3=26.1℃、T4=24.6℃，由此，Tmax-Tmin=1.5℃。在此之前，工装主体结构材料热膨胀系数能够获取到，假设α=1×10-5/℃。工装测量对象点之间距离的最大值L4如图1所示，经测量L4=24.6m，计算时单位需转换为mm，引入材料修正系数ρ3的目的主要是为了根据工装结构、材料与其装配对象产品一致性对温变误差σT进行区间具体数值的调整，当工装结构、材料与其装配对象产品完全一致时，材料修正系数ρ3=1，此时温变误差σT为0，反之，当工装结构、材料与其装配对象产品完全不一致时，ρ3=0，该实施例中，假设由工装设计人员估算的工装结构、材料与其装配对象产品一致性约为80%，则σT=(1-ρ3)* (Tmax-Tmin)*α*L4/2=（1-80%）*1.5℃*1×10-5/℃*24.6*103/2=0.036mm。In this embodiment, the maximum envelope point temperature at each location within the envelope range of the overall structure of the process equipment 1 and the foundation 6 in the same measurement cycle is measured, that is, the temperature of the temperature measuring points 8 at the four corners of the detection tooling in Figure 1 is T1 = 25.2°C, T2 = 25.8°C, T3 = 26.1°C, T4 = 24.6°C, thus, Tmax -Tmin = 1.5°C. Prior to this, the thermal expansion coefficient of the tooling main structure material can be obtained, assuming that α = 1×10-5 /°C. The maximum value L4 of the distance between the tooling measurement object points is shown in FIG1 . After measurement, L4 =24.6 m. The unit needs to be converted to mm during calculation. The purpose of introducing the material correction coefficient ρ3 is mainly to adjust the temperature variation error σT to a specific interval value according to the consistency between the tooling structure, material and the product to be assembled. When the tooling structure, material and the product to be assembled are completely consistent, the material correction coefficient ρ3 =1, and the temperature variation error σT is 0. Conversely, when the tooling structure, material and the product to be assembled are completely inconsistent, ρ3 =0. In this embodiment, assuming that the consistency between the tooling structure, material and the product to be assembled estimated by the tooling designer is approximately 80%, then σT =(1-ρ3 )* (Tmax -Tmin )*α*L4 /2=（1-80%)*1.5℃*1×10-5 /℃*24.6*103 /2=0.036mm.
步骤S5、根据测距误差、包络性误差、连续性误差及温变误差确定测量误差，所述测量误差包括全局测量误差与局部测量误差。Step S5: determining a measurement error according to the ranging error, the envelope error, the continuity error and the temperature variation error, wherein the measurement error includes a global measurement error and a local measurement error.
该步骤S5用于根据上面计算获得的多个参数综合计算测量误差，包括全局测量误差与局部测量误差，计算全局测量误差时使用全局参数，包括全局测量精度系数、全局测距误差、全局包络性误差等，计算局部测量误差时使用局部参数，包括局部测量精度系数、局部测距误差、局部包络性误差等。This step S5 is used to comprehensively calculate the measurement error according to the multiple parameters obtained by the above calculation, including the global measurement error and the local measurement error. When calculating the global measurement error, global parameters are used, including the global measurement accuracy coefficient, the global ranging error, the global envelope error, etc. When calculating the local measurement error, local parameters are used, including the local measurement accuracy coefficient, the local ranging error, the local envelope error, etc.
在一些可选实施方式中，步骤S5进一步包括：In some optional implementations, step S5 further includes:
步骤S51、确定测量精度系数ρ测量精度：Step S51, determine the measurement accuracy coefficient ρmeasurement accuracy :
当σ测距≥σ需求精度时，ρ测量精度=0；When σranging ≥ σrequired accuracy , ρmeasurement accuracy = 0;
当σ需求精度＞σ测距≥σ需求精度/3时，ρ测量精度=3(σ需求精度-σ测距)/(2σ需求精度)；When σrequired accuracy > σranging ≥ σrequired accuracy /3, ρmeasurement accuracy = 3(σrequired accuracy - σranging )/(2σrequired accuracy );
当σ测距＜σ需求精度/3时，ρ测量精度=1；When σranging < σrequired accuracy /3, ρmeasurement accuracy = 1;
其中，σ需求精度为给定的工装需求精度，σ测距为步骤S1计算的测距误差。Among them, σrequired accuracy is the given tooling required accuracy, and σranging is the ranging error calculated in step S1.
该实施例中，为了计算测量误差，首先需要计算测量精度系数ρ测量精度，如前所述，由于测量误差包括全局测量误差与局部测量误差，因此，这里的测量精度系数ρ测量精度包括全局测量精度系数ρ1和局部测量精度系数ρ2。全局测量精度系数ρ1计算时使用的σ测距为全局测距误差σL，如步骤S1给出的σL=0.101mm，工装需求精度σ需求精度为工装全局需求精度σ，假设σ=0.2mm；局部测量精度系数ρ2计算时使用的σ测距为局部测距误差σL1，如步骤S1给出的σL1=0.05mm，工装需求精度σ需求精度为工装局部需求精度σ0，假设σ0=0.1mm。代入步骤S5的公式中可知：In this embodiment, in order to calculate the measurement error, it is first necessary to calculate the measurement accuracy coefficient ρmeasurement accuracy . As mentioned above, since the measurement error includes the global measurement error and the local measurement error, the measurement accuracy coefficient ρmeasurement accuracy here includes the global measurement accuracy coefficient ρ1 and the local measurement accuracy coefficient ρ2. The σranging used in the calculation of the global measurement accuracy coefficient ρ1 is the global ranging error σL , such as σL =0.101mm given in step S1, and the tooling required accuracy σrequired accuracy is the tooling global required accuracy σ, assuming σ=0.2mm; the σranging used in the calculation of the local measurement accuracy coefficient ρ2 is the local ranging error σL1 , such as σL1 =0.05mm given in step S1, and the tooling required accuracy σrequired accuracy is the tooling local required accuracy σ0 , assuming σ0 =0.1mm. Substituting into the formula of step S5, it can be seen that:
对于全局测量精度系数ρ1，由于σ＞σL＞σ/3，则ρ1=3(σ-σL)/(2σ) =3*(0.2-0.101)/ (2*0.2)=0.7425。For the global measurement accuracy coefficient ρ1 , since σ＞σL ＞σ/3, ρ1 =3(σ-σL )/(2σ) =3*(0.2-0.101)/ (2*0.2)=0.7425.
对于局部测量精度系数ρ2，由于σ0＞σL1＞σ0/3，则ρ1=3(σ0-σL1)/ (2σ0) =3*(0.1-0.05)/ (2*0.1)=0.75。For the local measurement accuracy coefficient ρ2 , since σ0 >σL1 >σ0 /3, ρ1 =3(σ0 -σL1 )/ (2σ0 ) =3*(0.1-0.05)/ (2*0.1)=0.75.
步骤S52、根据以下公式确定全局测量定位误差σa：Step S52: determine the global measurement positioning error σa according to the following formula:
σa=(σL2＋σt2＋σe12＋σc2＋σT2＋A2)1/2＋((σL＋σt＋σe1＋σc＋σT＋A)－(σL2＋σt2＋σe12＋σc2＋σT2＋A2)1/2)*ρ测量精度；σa =(σL2 +σt2 +σe12 +σc2 +σT2 +A2 )1/2 +((σL +σt +σe1 +σc +σT +A)-(σL2 +σt2 +σe12 ＋σc2 ＋σT2 ＋A2 )1/2 )*ρmeasurement accuracy ;
其中，σL为全局测距误差，σt为测量设备转站误差，σe1为全局包络性误差，σc为连续性误差，σT为温变误差，A为测量场外部振源在测量场内工装位置处产生的最大振幅。Among them,σL is the global ranging error,σt is the measurement equipment transfer error,σe1 is the global envelope error,σc is the continuity error,σT is the temperature variation error, and A is the maximum amplitude generated by the external vibration source of the measurement field at the tooling position in the measurement field.
在一些可选实施方式中，步骤S52进一步包括：In some optional implementations, step S52 further includes:
当全局测量站位包络体的贯穿线长度小于5m时，A的测量基准是工装全局坐标系，反之，A的测量基准是工装定位点就近的主体骨架结构。本实施例中，全局测量站位包络体的贯穿线长度L2=29.3m>5m，则振幅A的测量基准是工装定位点就近的主体骨架结构。When the length of the penetration line of the global measurement station envelope is less than 5m, the measurement reference of A is the global coordinate system of the tooling, otherwise, the measurement reference of A is the main skeleton structure near the tooling positioning point. In this embodiment, the length of the penetration line of the global measurement station envelopeL2 = 29.3m> 5m, then the measurement reference of the amplitude A is the main skeleton structure near the tooling positioning point.
该公式中，ρ测量精度使用全局测量精度系数ρ1=0.7425，振幅A经测量为0.06mm，其他参数值之前已经给出，代入公式得：In this formula, the ρmeasurement accuracy uses the global measurement accuracy coefficient ρ1 =0.7425, the amplitude A is measured to be 0.06mm, and the other parameter values have been given before. Substituting them into the formula yields:
σa=(0.1012＋0.022＋02＋0.0352＋0.0362＋0.062)1/2＋((0.101＋0.02＋0＋0.035＋0.036＋0.06)－(0.1012＋0.022＋02＋0.0352＋0.0362＋0.062)1/2)*0.7425=0.22mm。σa =(0.1012 +0.022 +02 +0.0352 +0.0362 +0.062 )1/2 +((0.101＋0.02＋0＋0.035＋0.036＋0.06)－(0.1012 +0.022 +02 +0.0352 +0.0362 +0.062 )1/2 )*0.7425=0.22mm.
根据以下公式确定全局测量重复定位误差σa1：The global measurement repeatability error σa1 is determined according to the following formula:
σa1=(σL2＋σe12＋σc2)1/2＋((σL＋σe1＋σc)－(σL2＋σe12＋σc2)1/2)*ρ测量精度。σa1 =(σL2 +σe12 +σc2 )1/2 +((σL +σe1 +σc )-(σL2 +σe12 +σc2 )1/2 )*ρmeasurement accuracy .
该公式中，ρ测量精度使用全局测量精度系数ρ1=0.7425，其他参数值之前已经给出，代入公式得：In this formula, the ρmeasurement accuracy uses the global measurement accuracy coefficient ρ1 =0.7425. The other parameter values have been given before. Substituting them into the formula yields:
σa1=(0.1012＋02＋0.0352)1/2＋((0.101＋0＋0.035)－(0.1012＋02＋0.0352)1/2)*0.7425=0.128mm。σa1 =(0.1012 ＋02 ＋0.0352 )1/2 ＋((0.101＋0＋0.035)－(0.1012 ＋02 ＋0.0352 )1/2 )*0.7425=0.128mm.
根据以下公式确定局部测量定位误差σb：The local measurement positioning error σb is determined according to the following formula:
σb=(σL12＋σe22＋σc2＋σT2)1/2＋((σL1＋σe2＋σc＋σT)－(σL12＋σe22＋σc2＋σT2)1/2)*ρ测量精度；σb =(σL12 +σe22 +σc2 +σT2 )1/2 +((σL1 +σe2 +σc +σT )-(σL12 +σe22 +σc2 +σT2 )1/2 )*ρmeasurement accuracy ;
其中，σL1为局部测距误差，σe2为局部包络性误差。Among them, σL1 is the local ranging error and σe2 is the local envelope error.
该公式中，ρ测量精度使用局部测量精度系数ρ2=0.75，其他参数值之前已经给出，代入公式得：In this formula, the ρmeasurement accuracy uses the local measurement accuracy coefficient ρ2 =0.75. The other parameter values have been given before. Substituting them into the formula yields:
σb=(0.052＋0.01452＋0.0352＋0.0362)1/2＋((0.05＋0.0145＋0.035＋0.036)－(0.052＋0.01452＋0.0352＋0.0362)1/2)*0.75=0.119mm。σb =(0.052 +0.01452 +0.0352 +0.0362 )1/2 +((0.05 +0.0145 +0.035 +0.036) - (0.052 +0.01452 +0.0352 +0. 0362 )1/2 )*0.75=0.119mm.
根据以下公式确定局部测量重复定位误差σb1：The local measurement repeatability error σb1 is determined according to the following formula:
σb1=(σL12＋σc2)1/2＋((σL1＋σc)－(σL12＋σc2)1/2)*ρ测量精度。σb1 =(σL12 +σc2 )1/2 +((σL1 +σc )-(σL12 +σc2 )1/2 )*ρmeasurement accuracy .
该公式中，ρ测量精度使用局部测量精度系数ρ2=0.75，其他参数值之前已经给出，代入公式得：In this formula, the ρmeasurement accuracy uses the local measurement accuracy coefficient ρ2 =0.75. The other parameter values have been given before. Substituting them into the formula yields:
σb1=(0.0752＋0.0352)1/2＋((0.05＋0.035)－(0.0752＋0.0352)1/2)*0.75=0.078mm。σb1 =(0.0752 ＋0.0352 )1/2 ＋((0.05＋0.035)－(0.0752 ＋0.0352 )1/2 )*0.75=0.078mm.
需要说明的是，局部测量重复定位误差σb1计算范围通常仅包含发动机、起落架、舱门、部段对接等局部成组接头定位相关区域。It should be noted that the calculation range of the local measurement repeatability error σb1 usually only includes the local group joint positioning related areas such as the engine, landing gear, door, and section docking.
步骤S6、根据测量误差与给定的工装需求精度做比较，以评估测量误差是否符合测量场构建精度需求。Step S6: Compare the measurement error with the given tooling accuracy requirement to evaluate whether the measurement error meets the measurement field construction accuracy requirement.
在一些可选实施方式中，步骤S6进一步包括：In some optional implementations, step S6 further includes:
当全局测量重复定位误差σa1小于等于工装全局需求精度σ，且当局部测量重复定位误差σb1小于等于工装局部需求精度σ0时，测量误差符合测量场构建精度需求。When the global measurement repeatability error σa1 is less than or equal to the global required accuracy σ of the tooling, and when the local measurement repeatability error σb1 is less than or equal to the local required accuracy σ0 of the tooling, the measurement error meets the accuracy requirements for measuring field construction.
该实施例中，全局站位测长L=14.4m、局部站位测长L1=5.9m ，属于大尺寸测量，如前计算，σa1=0.128mm，σ=0.2mm，σb1=0.078mm，σ0=0.1mm，由于σa1<σ，且σb1<σ0，因此，测量误差符合测量场构建精度需求。In this embodiment, the global station measurement length L=14.4m, the local station measurement length L1 =5.9m, which belongs to large-scale measurement. As calculated above, σa1 =0.128mm, σ=0.2mm, σb1 =0.078mm, σ0 =0.1mm. Since σa1 <σ and σb1 <σ0 , the measurement error meets the measurement field construction accuracy requirement.
在一些可选实施方式中，步骤S5之后进一步包括：In some optional implementations, step S5 further includes:
步骤S53、确定全局最大误差σa2为：Step S53, determine the global maximum errorσa2 as:
σa2=max(σa1，σd，σs)；σa2 =max(σa1 , σd , σs );
确定局部最大误差σb2为：Determine the local maximum error σb2 as:
σb2=max(σb1，σd，A)；σb2 =max(σb1 ,σd ,A);
其中，σd为地基结构变形，σs为工装结构非载荷引起的变形，假设地基结构变形σd=0.08mm、工装结构非载荷引起的变形σs=0.15mm。将上述参数代入公式，计算全局最大误差σa2= max(0.128，0.08，0.15)=0.15mm，局部最大误差σb2=max (0.078，0.08，0.06)=0.08mm。Among them, σd is the deformation of the foundation structure, σs is the deformation of the tooling structure caused by non-load, assuming that the deformation of the foundation structure σd = 0.08mm, the deformation of the tooling structure caused by non-load σs = 0.15mm. Substituting the above parameters into the formula, the global maximum error σa2 = max(0.128, 0.08, 0.15) = 0.15mm and the local maximum error σb2 = max (0.078, 0.08, 0.06) = 0.08mm are calculated.
本申请依据激光跟踪仪测量基本原理，结合大型航空工艺装备结构力学、热力学传递方式，构建了包含包络性、连续性、测距、热、振动等影响误差的计算方法，依次计算出全局与局部测距误差、包络性误差、连续性误差、温变误差、全局测量误差、局部测量误差、最大误差，并根据测量误差与需求精度对比分析进行符合性评估，同时对各种计算环节取值关系、范围等进行了数学界定，明确了复杂环境下测量场精度的计算方法，对全局大范围测量、局部小范围测量进行了精度评估区分，对飞机装配工装测量场全过程定性定量设计有重要指导意义，对大尺寸工装测量场构建具有普遍适用性。Based on the basic measurement principles of laser trackers, this application combines the structural mechanics and thermodynamic transfer methods of large-scale aviation process equipment to construct a calculation method for errors that include envelope, continuity, ranging, heat, vibration, etc., and calculates the global and local ranging errors, envelope errors, continuity errors, temperature change errors, global measurement errors, local measurement errors, and maximum errors in turn. A compliance assessment is performed based on the comparative analysis of the measurement errors and the required accuracy. At the same time, the value relationships and ranges of various calculation links are mathematically defined, the calculation method for the accuracy of the measurement field under complex environments is clarified, and the accuracy assessment is distinguished between global large-scale measurements and local small-scale measurements. This has important guiding significance for the qualitative and quantitative design of the entire process of aircraft assembly tooling measurement fields, and is generally applicable to the construction of large-scale tooling measurement fields.
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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