Orthopedic operation baffleTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an orthopedic operation guide plate.
Background
In the bone surgery, in order to put the screw into the bone and fix the fracture or dislocation position on the bone, a nail-setting guide plate is required to be used, so that nails are accurately set, and the aim of accurate surgery is fulfilled;
In the orthopedic operation guide plate in the prior art, two fixing needle bases are arranged on the guide plate, the two fixing needle bases are used for fixing the guide plate, the fixing needles and the positioning assembly are matched to play a role of positioning screws, the screws can be accurately placed into preset nail feeding points on bones after being positioned by the positioning assembly, and the nail feeding positioning openings are arranged on the guide plate, so that the nail feeding points can be exposed, the observation and the operation in the operation are facilitated, and the operation accuracy and the operation convenience are improved;
However, when the existing surgical guide plate is used for placing the screw, the surgical wound is required to be spread, bones at corresponding positions are exposed, otherwise, the surgical difficulty is increased, the manual spreading is performed manually, the operation is troublesome, the special spreading device is used for spreading, and the normal fixing work of the surgical guide plate is prevented, so that the improvement exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems set forth in the background art, the invention provides an orthopedic operation guide plate.
The technical scheme adopted by the orthopedic operation guide plate is as follows:
The utility model provides an orthopedic surgery baffle, includes locating plate, screwdriver and screw, both sides department above the locating plate all sets up locating component, two sets of locating component between be provided with the regulation frame, be provided with the regulating plate through adjusting structure in the regulation frame, the side department of regulating plate is connected with the fixed block, the through-hole has been seted up to the department in the middle of on the fixed block, the department is connected with the U-shaped frame above the fixed block, the fixed section of thick bamboo that has passed in the middle department on the U-shaped frame, the fixed section of thick bamboo that has passed in the fixed section of thick bamboo that has runs through, the through-hole on the fixed block that runs through is passed to the section of thick bamboo, be connected with the bottom block on the bottom of running through the section of thick bamboo, the screw is inserted into the bottom block, an anti-falling structure is arranged in the bottom block, a screw cap is arranged at the top end of the screw, a tool bit at the bottom end of the screw driver is inserted into a concave hole of the screw cap, a fixed frame is sleeved on the penetrating cylinder and positioned at the bottom end of the fixed cylinder, a lifting frame is arranged on the fixed frame, the lifting frame is movably sleeved on the U-shaped frame, a positioning structure is arranged between the lifting frame and the U-shaped frame, wound opening structures are arranged at the front side and the rear side of the fixed block, and the lifting frame is connected with the wound opening structures through a driving structure and is used for driving the wound opening structures to open wounds;
the wound strutting structure is connected respectively two sets of fixed strips on both sides face around the fixed block, every group the fixed strip is kept away from and is passed there is the pivot in the rotation on the one end of fixed block, the cover that all fixes on the both ends of pivot is equipped with the turning handle, every group two the bottom of turning handle is connected on strutting the strip, two strutting the strip towards the centre and extend to the below department of screw.
Preferably, the drive structure includes the through rod of connecting on both sides face around the lifting frame, both sides department has all seted up the guide way around the fixed block is upper surface, it has reciprocating strip to inject in the guide way, be connected with the drive strip on the one end of inserting in the guide way above the reciprocating strip, it has offered first guide slot to drive the strip, first guide slot is type "Z" shape, the through rod passes first guide slot, be connected with the stopper between the both sides cell wall of guide slot, laminating below the stopper is on the reciprocating strip, the top department of reciprocating strip is provided with the gear, meshing connection between the tooth above gear and the reciprocating strip, the fixed cover of gear is established in pivot intermediate position department.
Preferably, the positioning structure comprises two groups of vertical grooves which are respectively arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of the U-shaped frame, each group of two vertical grooves are distributed at the front side edge and the rear side edge of the side surface of the U-shaped frame, positioning grooves are arranged at the positions, between the two vertical grooves, of the two side surfaces of the U-shaped frame, two positioning grooves are distributed near the upper end and the lower end of the vertical grooves, each group of two positioning grooves movably penetrate through a penetrating frame, the penetrating frame is in a U shape, a pressing block is connected to one end, penetrating out of the U-shaped frame, of each penetrating frame, a first spring is connected between the pressing block and the U-shaped frame, and a positioning block is connected to the inner wall of the other end of the penetrating frame and inserted into the positioning groove above.
Preferably, the movable pass on the regulating plate have two regulation poles, two regulation pole mutually perpendicular sets up, and two adjust the pole stagger each other on the regulating plate and set up, every all be connected with the regulating block on the both ends of adjusting the pole, set up on the inner wall of regulating frame and supply the gliding adjustment tank of regulating block, be provided with taut fixed knot and construct on the regulating plate.
Preferably, the tensioning fixing structure comprises a screw rod which is rotationally connected to the middle of the top end of the adjusting plate, a rotating block is fixedly sleeved on the top end of the screw rod, a threaded sleeve is sleeved on the screw rod, a limiting rod movably penetrates through a through hole in the threaded sleeve, the bottom end of the limiting rod is connected to the adjusting plate, two first connecting rods are respectively connected to the positions, corresponding to each adjusting rod, of the threaded sleeve, each first connecting rod is connected with a tensioning frame at one end, far away from the threaded sleeve, of each first connecting rod, the tensioning frame is sleeved on the outer side of the adjusting rod, the bottom end of the tensioning frame is in a semicircular shape, and a tensioning pad is arranged on the lower inner wall of the tensioning frame.
Preferably, the anti-drop structure is including seting up in the bottom block and running through the intermediate tank of section of thick bamboo intercommunication, the screw inserts in the intermediate tank, the inside groove has all been seted up to both sides department in the bottom block, two the inside groove all communicates with the intermediate tank, every the top position department of inside groove all is provided with the horizontal bar, it has the anticreep strip to inject in the slot of horizontal bar one end, be connected with the third spring between anticreep strip and the inner cell wall of horizontal bar, the anticreep strip supports the department below the nut, the one end department of keeping away from the horizontal bar below the anticreep strip is the inclined plane.
Preferably, the cover that moves about on the one end that the anticreep strip was kept away from to the horizontal bar is equipped with the lift section of thick bamboo, vertical activity is passed on the lift section of thick bamboo has the guide bar, the both ends of guide bar are connected respectively on the upper and lower both ends cell wall of inside groove, the laminating of the side of lift section of thick bamboo is on the cell wall of inside groove, the cover is equipped with the second spring on the guide bar, the both ends of second spring are connected respectively on the lower cell wall of lift section of thick bamboo and inside groove.
Preferably, the horizontal bar is transversely provided with an inserting rod, the groove walls on the front side and the rear side of the inner groove are respectively provided with a second guide groove, the end part of the inserting rod is movably inserted into the second guide grooves, the second guide grooves are divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is vertically arranged, and the lower section is obliquely arranged towards one side far away from the screw.
Preferably, the locating component comprises sleeves connected to two sides of the upper surface of the locating plate, nail penetrating holes are formed in the lower positions of the sleeves on the locating plate, fixing needles are inserted into the sleeves, second connecting rods are connected to the top ends of the sleeves, and one ends of the second connecting rods are connected to the adjusting frame.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. According to the invention, the wound opening structure is arranged on the fixed block of the positioning plate, so that the wound can be directly opened on the operation guide plate by using the wound opening structure, orthopedics at the corresponding position of a patient is better exposed for nail placement medical treatment, normal fixing work of the positioning plate is not hindered, medical work of doctors is facilitated, and nail placement treatment is better carried out;
2. according to the invention, the lifting frame is arranged on the U-shaped frame of the fixed block, and after the screw is inserted into the bottom block, the screw can be driven to move downwards to the corresponding bone for screw placement by utilizing the downward movement of the lifting frame on the U-shaped frame;
3. The lifting frame is in transmission connection with the wound opening structure through the driving structure, so that the wound can be automatically opened and loosened in the up-and-down moving process of the lifting frame, and the operation is simpler and more convenient;
4. The fixing block is arranged on the adjusting frame through the adjusting structure and the tensioning structure, the positioning assembly is arranged on the positioning plate, after the positioning plate is fixed on the bone of a patient through the positioning assembly, the position of the opposite nail can be flexibly adjusted through the adjusting structure, the positioning assembly is not required to be disassembled again to adjust the position of the opposite nail, the pain of the patient is reduced, meanwhile, the treatment work of a doctor is facilitated, and after the position is adjusted, the position of the screw can be positioned through the tensioning structure, so that the accuracy of the opposite nail is ensured;
5. According to the invention, the anti-falling structure is arranged in the bottom block, so that the problem that the screw falls off before the screw is placed after being inserted into the bottom cylinder is avoided, the treatment working efficiency is improved, the transverse bar, the lifting cylinder, the guide rod, the second spring, the inserted link and the second guide groove are arranged in the bottom block, after the screw is downwards displaced, the anti-falling structure can be automatically loosened from the screw by utilizing the sliding of the inserted link in the second guide groove, and the operation guide plate is conveniently taken down from the bone of a patient after the screw is placed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an orthopedic guide in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an adjusting frame in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure of the fixing block according to an embodiment of the present invention after being disassembled;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the structure at A of FIG. 3 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a fixing block in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the structure at B of FIG. 5 in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the structure at C of FIG. 5 in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the bottom block according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is an enlarged view of the structure at D of fig. 8 in an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals are 1, a locating plate, 2, an adjusting frame, 3, an adjusting plate, 4, a fixing block, 5, a U-shaped frame, 6, a fixing cylinder, 7, a penetrating cylinder, 8, a screwdriver, 9, a bottom block, 10, a screw, 11, a rotating handle, 12, a supporting bar, 13, a fixing bar, 14, a rotating shaft, 15, a lifting frame, 16, a penetrating rod, 17, a first guide groove, 18, a driving bar, 19, a guide groove, 20, a fixing frame, 21, a limiting block, 22, a reciprocating bar, 23, a gear, 24, a locating groove, 25, a vertical groove, 26, a penetrating frame, 27, a pressing block, 28, a first spring, 29, a locating block, 30, an adjusting rod, 31, an adjusting block, 32, an adjusting groove, 33, a screw, 34, a rotating block, 35, a limiting rod, 36, a first connecting rod, 37, a tensioning frame, 38, a tensioning pad, 39, a second connecting rod, 40, a nut, 41, a middle groove, 42, an inner groove, 43, a transverse bar, 44, a disengaging-preventing bar, 45, a lifting cylinder, 46, a guide bar, a 48, a sleeve, a second guide bar, a 50 and a needle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-9.
Referring to fig. 1-9, an embodiment of the invention discloses an orthopedic operation guide plate, which comprises a positioning plate 1, a screwdriver 8 and a screw 10, wherein positioning components are arranged at two sides of the upper surface of the positioning plate 1, an adjusting frame 2 is arranged between the two groups of positioning components, the adjusting frame 2 is a square frame, an adjusting plate 3 is arranged in the adjusting frame 2 through an adjusting structure, a fixed block 4 is connected at the side surface of the adjusting plate 3, a through hole is arranged at the middle part of the fixed block 4, a U-shaped frame 5 is connected at the upper surface of the fixed block 4, a fixed cylinder 6 is fixedly penetrated at the middle part of the U-shaped frame 5, a penetrating cylinder 7 is fixedly penetrated in the fixed cylinder 6, the penetrating cylinder 7 penetrates through a penetrating hole of the fixed block 4, the bottom of the penetrating cylinder 7 is connected with a bottom block 9, a screw 10 is inserted into the bottom block 9, an anti-falling structure is arranged in the bottom block 9, a screw cap 40 is arranged at the top end of the screw 10, a tool bit at the bottom end of a screw driver 8 is inserted into a concave hole of the screw cap 40, a fixed frame 20 is fixedly sleeved on the penetrating cylinder 7 at the bottom end of the fixed cylinder 6, a lifting frame 15 is arranged on the fixed frame 20, the lifting frame 15 is movably sleeved on the U-shaped frame 5, a positioning structure is arranged between the lifting frame 15 and the U-shaped frame 5, wound opening structures are arranged at the front side and the rear side of the fixed block 4, and the lifting frame 15 is connected with the wound opening structures through driving structures and is used for driving the wound opening structures to open wounds;
The wound opening structure is respectively connected with two groups of fixing strips 13 on the front side and the rear side of the fixing block 4, one end of each group of fixing strips 13 far away from the fixing block 4 is rotatably penetrated by a rotating shaft 14, two ends of each rotating shaft 14 are fixedly sleeved with rotating handles 11, the bottom ends of each group of two rotating handles 11 are connected with opening strips 12, the two opening strips 12 extend to the lower part of a screw 10 towards the middle, before the screw 10 is nailed, the screw 10 can be directly arranged on the guide plate, and the two opening strips 12 are rotated towards the direction far away from each other by utilizing the rotation of the rotating shaft 14 on the fixing strips 13 to open the wound of a patient, so that bones to be treated are better exposed, and the treatment work of doctors is facilitated;
The driving structure comprises a penetrating rod 16 connected to the front side and the rear side of the lifting frame 15, guide grooves 19 are formed in the front side and the rear side of the upper surface of the fixed block 4, a reciprocating bar 22 is inserted into the guide grooves 19, one end of each reciprocating bar 22, which is inserted into each guide groove 19, is connected with a driving bar 18, a first guide groove 17 is formed in each driving bar 18, each first guide groove 17 is in a Z-like shape, the penetrating rod 16 penetrates through each first guide groove 17, limiting blocks 21 are connected between groove walls on the two sides of each guide groove 19, each limiting block 21 drives each bar 18 and each reciprocating bar 22 to integrally play a limiting role, the lower surfaces of each limiting blocks 21 are attached to each reciprocating bar 22, gears 23 are arranged above each reciprocating bar 22, the gears 23 are connected with teeth on each reciprocating bar 22 in a meshed mode, fixed sleeves of the gears 23 are arranged in the middle of the rotary shafts 14, the lifting frame 5 moves up and down the lifting frame 15, the lifting frame 15 is driven by driving screws 10 to the bones of patients, the lifting frame 15 drives the penetrating rods 16 to slide in the first guide grooves 17, the grooves 17 are pushed by pushing the walls of the first guide grooves 17, and the reciprocating bars 18 and the reciprocating bars 22 are driven to integrally move through the corresponding gears 23, and the rotating shafts 11 are driven to rotate more conveniently;
The positioning structure comprises two groups of vertical grooves 25 which are respectively arranged on the left side surface and the right side surface of the U-shaped frame 5, each group of two vertical grooves 25 are distributed at the front side edge and the rear side edge of the side surface of the U-shaped frame 5, a positioning groove 24 is arranged at the position between the two vertical grooves 25 on the two side surfaces of the U-shaped frame 5, the two positioning grooves 24 are distributed near the upper end and the lower end of the vertical grooves 25, a penetrating frame 26 movably penetrates through each group of the two vertical grooves 25, the penetrating frame 26 is in a U shape, one end of the penetrating frame 26 penetrating out of the U-shaped frame 5 is connected with a pressing block 27, a first spring 28 is connected between the pressing block 27 and the U-shaped frame 5, a positioning block 29 is connected to the inner wall at the other end of the penetrating frame 26, the positioning block 29 is inserted into the positioning groove 24 above, when the lifting frame 15 is moved on the U-shaped frame 5, a doctor can directly hold the two pressing blocks 27 and push the two pressing blocks 27 out of the positioning block 24 towards the middle, the positioning block 29 is pushed out from the upper positioning groove 24, the positioning block 5 is positioned on the U-shaped frame 5, then the lifting frame 5 is directly moved down by the pressing block 27, the bottom end of the lifting frame 10 is directly under the action of the lifting frame 10, and the positioning block is directly pulled down by the positioning block 10, and then the positioning block is positioned by the positioning block 29 is directly under the action of the positioning screw 10, and the positioning screw is positioned under the action of the positioning screw 10 when the positioning screw is positioned under the lower spring 10;
The locating component comprises a sleeve 50 connected to two sides of the upper surface of the locating plate 1, nail penetrating holes are formed in the locating plate 1 at positions below the sleeve 50, fixing needles 51 are inserted into the sleeve 50, a second connecting rod 39 is connected to the top end of the sleeve 50, one end of the second connecting rod 39 is connected to the adjusting frame 2, after the locating plate 1 is placed on a patient, the fixing needles 51 are inserted into the vicinity of bones to be nailed in the sleeve 50, and accordingly the locating plate 1 is fixed.
Referring to fig. 1-4, two adjusting rods 30 movably penetrate through the adjusting plate 3, the two adjusting rods 30 are mutually perpendicular, the two adjusting rods 30 are mutually staggered on the adjusting plate 3, two ends of each adjusting rod 30 are connected with adjusting blocks 31, an adjusting groove 32 for sliding the adjusting blocks 31 is formed in the inner wall of the adjusting frame 2, a tensioning and fixing structure is arranged on the adjusting plate 3, after the positioning plate 1 is fixed, the positions of the opposite nails can be flexibly adjusted by utilizing the movement of the adjusting plate 3 on the two adjusting rods 30 and the sliding of the adjusting blocks 31 in the adjusting grooves 32 according to the positions of the nails;
The tensioning and fixing structure comprises a screw rod 33 which is rotationally connected to the middle of the top end of the adjusting plate 3, a rotating block 34 is fixedly sleeved on the top end of the screw rod 33, a threaded sleeve is sleeved on the screw rod 33, a limit rod 35 is movably arranged in a through hole in the threaded sleeve in a penetrating mode, the bottom end of the limit rod 35 is connected to the adjusting plate 3, two first connecting rods 36 are respectively connected to positions of the threaded sleeve corresponding to each adjusting rod 30, one end, far away from the threaded sleeve, of each first connecting rod 36 is connected with a tensioning frame 37, the tensioning frame 37 is sleeved on the outer side of the adjusting rod 30, the bottom end of the tensioning frame 37 is in a semicircular shape, a tensioning pad 38 is arranged on the lower inner wall of the tensioning frame 37, after opposite nails are adjusted, the screw rod 33 can be rotated on the adjusting plate 3 through the rotating block 34, the threaded sleeve drives the tensioning frame 37 to move upwards on the screw rod 33, the tensioning pad 38 is driven to be abutted to the adjusting rod 30, and the position of the adjusting plate 3 is fixed through static friction generated between the tensioning pad 38 and the adjusting rod 30.
Referring to fig. 1,5, 8 and 9, the anti-falling structure comprises a middle groove 41 which is formed in a bottom block 9 and is communicated with a through cylinder 7, a screw 10 is inserted into the middle groove 41, inner grooves 42 are formed in two sides in the bottom block 9, the two inner grooves 42 are communicated with the middle groove 41, a transverse bar 43 is arranged at the top end position of each inner groove 42, an anti-falling bar 44 is inserted into a groove at one end of the transverse bar 43, a third spring is connected between the anti-falling bar 44 and a groove wall at the inner end of the transverse bar 43, the anti-falling bar 44 is supported below a screw cap 40, an inclined surface is formed at one end, far away from the transverse bar 43, of the lower end of the anti-falling bar 44, the screw 10 is inserted into the middle groove 41, the top end of the screw 40 extrudes the anti-falling bar 44 to move in the transverse bar 43, extrudes the third spring to compress, and when the screw cap 40 moves to the upper part of the anti-falling bar 44, the anti-falling bar 44 is pushed to the lower part of the screw cap 40 by the elastic force of the third spring, so that the anti-falling bar 44 moves to the lower part of the screw cap 40, and the screw 40 is supported by the elastic force of the screw cap, and the problem of falling 10 is avoided in the screw setting process;
the lifting cylinder 45 is movably sleeved on one end of the transverse bar 43 far away from the anti-falling bar 44, the lifting cylinder 45 vertically movably passes through the guide rod 46, two ends of the guide rod 46 are respectively connected to the groove walls of the upper end and the lower end of the inner groove 42, the side surface of the lifting cylinder 45 is attached to the groove wall of the inner groove 42, the guide rod 46 is sleeved with the second spring 47, two ends of the second spring 47 are respectively connected to the lifting cylinder 45 and the lower groove wall of the inner groove 42, and the lifting cylinder 45 is utilized to squeeze the second spring 47 on the guide rod 46 to move downwards, so that the screw 10 can be smoothly driven by the screw driver 8 to move downwards;
The transverse bar 43 transversely passes through the inserted link 48, the groove walls on the front side and the rear side of the inner groove 42 are respectively provided with a second guide groove 49, the end part of the inserted link 48 is movably inserted into the second guide grooves 49, the second guide grooves 49 are divided into an upper section and a lower section, the upper section is vertically arranged, the lower section is obliquely arranged towards one side far away from the screw 10, after the screw 10 is placed into a bone, the sliding of the inserted link 48 in the second guide grooves 49 can automatically drive the anti-falling bar 44 to separate from the screw cap 40, and the guide plate is conveniently taken down from the bone of a patient.
The implementation principle of the orthopedic operation guide plate provided by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: firstly, the screw 10 is inserted into the middle groove 41, and when the nut 40 moves to the position above the anti-falling bar 44, the anti-falling bar 44 is pushed to move and support to the bottom end of the nut 40 by the elastic force of the third spring to play an anti-falling role, then the locating plate 1 is placed to the position where a patient is to be nailed, the fixing needle 51 is inserted into the sleeve 50 near the position where the patient is to be nailed, the locating plate 1 is fixed, then the position of the screw 10 is flexibly adjusted by the movement of the adjusting plate 3 on the two adjusting rods 30, after adjustment, the screw 33 is rotated by the rotating block 34, the tightening frame 37 is driven to move upwards by the threaded sleeve on the screw 33, the tightening pad 38 is driven to move upwards to be tightly against the adjusting rod 30 to adjust the position of the screw 10, then the doctor grips the two pressing blocks 27 to push the locating block 29 out of the upper locating groove 24, the lifting frame 15 moves up and down in the U-shaped frame 5 to drive the screw 10 to move to the bone position to be placed, the pressing block 27 is released, the positioning block 29 is pulled to be inserted into the positioning groove 24 below under the action of the elastic force of the first spring 28 to position the screw 10, in the process, the lifting frame 15 drives the penetrating rod 16 to move down in the first guide groove 17, the driving bar 18 and the reciprocating bar 22 are pushed to integrally move in the guide groove 19 through the extrusion of the groove wall of the first guide groove 17, the opening bar 12 at one end of the rotating handle 11 is pushed to rotate through the gear 23 to open a wound, the screw is conveniently placed, finally, the screw 10 is rotated downwards in the penetrating cylinder 7 by the screwdriver 8 to perform the screw placing work, the screw 10 drives the anti-falling bar 44 to move downwards through the nut 40 in the process of moving downwards, the end of the inserting rod 48 is slid at the lower section of the second guide groove 49, when the screw 10 is placed in a bone, the transverse bar 43 is utilized to drive the movement of the anti-falling bar 44 in the lifting cylinder 45, so that the anti-falling bar 44 is automatically separated from the nut 40, and finally the fixing needle 51 is pulled out, and the guide plate is detached.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, so that the equivalent changes of the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the scope of the invention.