技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及车辆技术领域，尤其涉及一种电池寿命的预测方法、装置、设备、及存储介质。The present application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a method, device, equipment, and storage medium for predicting battery life.
背景技术Background Art
随着对气候变化和可再生能源的追求，电动汽车越来越受到关注，车辆依赖电池来存储能量驱动电动机产生动力，因此，电池寿命成为电动汽车发展的关键问题之一。With the pursuit of climate change and renewable energy, electric vehicles have received increasing attention. Vehicles rely on batteries to store energy to drive electric motors to generate power. Therefore, battery life has become one of the key issues in the development of electric vehicles.
判断电池寿命的主要方式是预先在加速老化循环制式下，确定不同级别电池样品的循环寿命。在车辆使用中，通过计算现累计净放电容量除以全寿命周期可净放电容量，确定对电池寿命（end of life，简称：EOL）的预测结果。The main way to judge the battery life is to determine the cycle life of different levels of battery samples in advance under the accelerated aging cycle system. During vehicle use, the prediction result of battery life (end of life, referred to as: EOL) is determined by calculating the current cumulative net discharge capacity divided by the net discharge capacity of the entire life cycle.
但是，电池在实际使用过程中因为充放深度、使用温度都与预先测量循环寿命的测量条件不同，因此，导致判断电池寿命时会造成误差。因此，如何准确评估电池寿命是亟待解决的问题。However, in actual use, the depth of charge and discharge, and the operating temperature of the battery are different from the measurement conditions of the pre-measured cycle life, which leads to errors in judging the battery life. Therefore, how to accurately evaluate the battery life is an urgent problem to be solved.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请提供一种电池寿命的预测方法、装置、设备、及存储介质，用以解决车辆中预测电池寿命不准确的问题。The present application provides a battery life prediction method, device, equipment, and storage medium to solve the problem of inaccurate battery life prediction in a vehicle.
第一方面，本申请提供一种电池寿命的预测方法，所述方法包括：In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for predicting battery life, the method comprising:
获取车辆充电过程中，电池满足检测条件时记录的电池数据，所述电池数据包括：电压值和电量；Obtaining battery data recorded when the battery meets the detection conditions during the vehicle charging process, the battery data including: voltage value and power;
根据所述电池数据构建微分容量曲线，所述微分容量曲线是以时间或电压为横坐标，以相邻两个电池数据的电量变化量除以电压变化量的结果为纵坐标；Constructing a differential capacity curve according to the battery data, wherein the differential capacity curve takes time or voltage as the horizontal axis and takes the result of dividing the amount of power change of two adjacent battery data by the amount of voltage change as the vertical axis;
根据所述微分容量曲线中的峰值点，获取车辆电池的电池寿命。The battery life of the vehicle battery is obtained according to the peak point in the differential capacity curve.
可选的，所述根据所述微分容量曲线中的峰值点，获取车辆电池的电池寿命，包括：Optionally, obtaining the battery life of the vehicle battery according to the peak point in the differential capacity curve includes:
获取所述峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值；Obtaining the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point;
根据所述纵坐标数值确定目标数值，所述目标数值用于表示所述峰值点的高度与正常高度的偏离程度；Determine a target value according to the ordinate value, wherein the target value is used to indicate the degree of deviation of the height of the peak point from a normal height;
根据所述微分容量曲线，确定从所述充电电流的起始数据点到所述峰值点的斜率；Determining a slope from a starting data point of the charging current to the peak point according to the differential capacity curve;
根据所述目标数值和所述斜率，获取所述电池寿命。The battery life is obtained according to the target value and the slope.
可选的，所述方法还包括：Optionally, the method further includes:
若检测到所述目标数值超过预设数值范围，和/或，所述斜率超过预设斜率范围，输出电池寿命异常信息。If it is detected that the target value exceeds a preset value range, and/or the slope exceeds a preset slope range, battery life abnormality information is output.
可选的，若所述电池有至少两个单体电芯，所述根据所述纵坐标数值确定目标数值，包括：Optionally, if the battery has at least two single cells, determining the target value according to the ordinate value includes:
根据每个单体电芯的峰值点的纵坐标数值，计算平均值、均方根和方差；According to the ordinate value of the peak point of each single cell, the average value, root mean square and variance are calculated;
根据所述平均值、所述均方根和所述方差，以及所述平均值、所述均方根和所述方差的预设权重，确定所述目标数值；Determining the target value according to the average value, the root mean square and the variance, and preset weights of the average value, the root mean square and the variance;
相应的，所述根据所述微分容量曲线，确定从所述充电电流的起始数据点到所述峰值点的斜率，包括：Accordingly, determining the slope from the starting data point of the charging current to the peak point according to the differential capacity curve includes:
根据每个单体电芯的峰值点的横坐标数值和纵坐标数值，确定从所述充电电流的起始数据点到每个单体电芯峰值点的单体电芯斜率；Determine the cell slope from the starting data point of the charging current to the peak point of each cell according to the abscissa value and the ordinate value of the peak point of each cell;
根据每个单体电芯斜率，计算平均值作为所述斜率。According to the slope of each single cell, an average value is calculated as the slope.
可选的，所述获取所述峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值，包括：Optionally, obtaining the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point includes:
根据所述电压值和所述电量值，获取所述微分容量曲线中的极值点；According to the voltage value and the electric quantity value, obtaining an extreme value point in the differential capacity curve;
若所述微分容量曲线中极值点的个数大于或等于1，则将纵坐标数值最大的极值点作为所述峰值点，获取所述峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值；If the number of extreme value points in the differential capacity curve is greater than or equal to 1, the extreme value point with the largest ordinate value is taken as the peak point, and the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point are obtained;
若所述微分容量曲线中极值点的个数为0，则以所述微分容量曲线中纵坐标数值最大的数据点作为所述峰值点，获取所述峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值。If the number of extreme value points in the differential capacity curve is 0, the data point with the largest ordinate value in the differential capacity curve is taken as the peak point, and the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point are obtained.
可选的，所述检测条件包括：电池电压值在预设电压范围内。Optionally, the detection condition includes: the battery voltage value is within a preset voltage range.
可选的，所述检测条件包括：电池电压值在预设电压范围内，电池温度值大于或等于预设温度值；电池停止充电第一时长，以及在所述第一时长结束后，以小于预设电流的稳态电流对电池充电第二时长。Optionally, the detection conditions include: the battery voltage value is within a preset voltage range, the battery temperature value is greater than or equal to a preset temperature value; the battery stops charging for a first time period, and after the first time period, the battery is charged for a second time period with a steady-state current less than a preset current.
第二方面，本申请还提供一种电池寿命的预测装置，所述装置包括：In a second aspect, the present application further provides a device for predicting battery life, the device comprising:
获取模块，用于获取车辆充电过程中，电池满足检测条件时记录的电池数据，所述电池数据包括：电压值和电量；An acquisition module is used to acquire battery data recorded when the battery meets the detection conditions during the vehicle charging process, and the battery data includes: voltage value and power;
构建模块，用于根据所述电池数据构建微分容量曲线，所述微分容量曲线是以时间或电压为横坐标，以相邻两个电池数据的电量变化量除以电压变化量的结果为纵坐标；A construction module, used to construct a differential capacity curve according to the battery data, wherein the differential capacity curve takes time or voltage as the horizontal axis and takes the result of dividing the amount of power change of two adjacent battery data by the amount of voltage change as the vertical axis;
寿命预测模块，用于根据所述微分容量曲线中的峰值点，获取车辆电池的电池寿命。The life prediction module is used to obtain the battery life of the vehicle battery according to the peak point in the differential capacity curve.
第三方面，本申请还提供一种电子设备，包括：存储器，处理器；In a third aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor;
所述存储器存储计算机执行指令；The memory stores computer-executable instructions;
所述处理器执行所述存储器存储的计算机执行指令，使得所述处理器执行如第一方面任一项所述的方法。The processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the processor performs the method as described in any one of the first aspects.
第四方面，本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，所述计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令，所述计算机执行指令被处理器执行时用于实现如第一方面任一项所述的方法。In a fourth aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions, and when the computer-executable instructions are executed by a processor, they are used to implement the method as described in any one of the first aspects.
第五方面，本申请提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如第一方面任一项所述的方法。In a fifth aspect, the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of the first aspects.
本申请实施例提供的电池寿命的预测方法、装置、设备、及存储介质，该方法包括：获取车辆充电过程中，电池满足检测条件时记录的电池数据，电池数据包括：电压值和电量；根据电池数据构建微分容量曲线，微分容量曲线是以时间为横坐标，以相邻两个电池数据的电量变化量除以电压变化量的结果为纵坐标；根据微分容量曲线中的峰值点，获取车辆电池的电池寿命。本方法根据电池实际充电过程中的微分容量曲线的特征的峰值点确定电池寿命，相比于现有技术中通过累计放电量的方式估算寿命，本方法更加符合电池的实际，寿命预测的更加准确。The battery life prediction method, device, equipment, and storage medium provided in the embodiment of the present application include: obtaining battery data recorded when the battery meets the detection conditions during the vehicle charging process, the battery data including: voltage value and power; constructing a differential capacity curve based on the battery data, the differential capacity curve uses time as the horizontal coordinate and the result of the power change of two adjacent battery data divided by the voltage change as the vertical coordinate; obtaining the battery life of the vehicle battery according to the peak point in the differential capacity curve. This method determines the battery life according to the peak point of the characteristic of the differential capacity curve during the actual charging process of the battery. Compared with the prior art of estimating the life by accumulating the discharge amount, this method is more in line with the actual battery and the life prediction is more accurate.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分，示出了符合本申请的实施例，并与说明书一起用于解释本申请的原理。The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.
图1为本申请提供的一种微分容量曲线的示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a differential capacity curve provided in the present application;
图2为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测方法的场景示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of a method for predicting battery life provided in the present application;
图3为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测方法的流程示意图一；FIG3 is a flow chart of a method for predicting battery life provided by the present application;
图4为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测方法的流程示意图二；FIG4 is a second flow chart of the method for predicting battery life provided by the present application;
图5为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测方法的流程示意图三；FIG5 is a third flow chart of the method for predicting battery life provided by the present application;
图6为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测装置示意图一；FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a device for predicting battery life provided by the present application;
图7为本申请提供的电子设备的结构示意图。FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in this application.
通过上述附图，已示出本申请明确的实施例，后文中将有更详细的描述。这些附图和文字描述并不是为了通过任何方式限制本申请构思的范围，而是通过参考特定实施例为本领域技术人员说明本申请的概念。The above drawings have shown clear embodiments of the present application, which will be described in more detail later. These drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
这里将详细地对示例性实施例进行说明，其示例表示在附图中。下面的描述涉及附图时，除非另有表示，不同附图中的相同数字表示相同或相似的要素。以下示例性实施例中所描述的实施方式并不代表与本申请相一致的所有实施方式。相反，它们仅是与如所附权利要求书中所详述的、本申请的一些方面相一致的装置和方法的例子。Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with the present application. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present application as detailed in the appended claims.
首先对本申请所涉及的名词进行解释：First, the terms involved in this application are explained:
电池寿命（end of life，简称：EOL）：是指电池使用寿命结束时的状态，当电池接近其寿命终点时，电池表现出电容量和性能明显下降。对于电动汽车中使用的大型电池系统来说，了解电池的 EOL 是至关重要的，因为这会影响到车辆的续航里程和性能。Battery life (end of life, referred to as: EOL): refers to the state at the end of the battery's service life. When the battery approaches the end of its life, the battery shows a significant decrease in capacity and performance. For large battery systems used in electric vehicles, understanding the battery's EOL is crucial because it affects the vehicle's range and performance.
电池管理系统（Battery Managment System，简称：BMS）：是一种用于监控、控制和保护电池的系统。BMS的主要功能包括以下几个方面：Battery Management System (BMS): A system used to monitor, control and protect batteries. The main functions of BMS include the following aspects:
电池状态监测：BMS可以实时监测电池的各种参数，如电压、电流、温度和电荷状态等。Battery status monitoring: BMS can monitor various battery parameters in real time, such as voltage, current, temperature and charge status.
充放电控制：BMS可以根据电池的状态和外部需求，控制充电和放电过程，确保电池在安全范围内运行。Charge and discharge control: BMS can control the charge and discharge process according to the battery status and external demand to ensure that the battery operates within a safe range.
温度管理：BMS监测电池的温度，并采取措施以防止过热或过冷。Temperature management: The BMS monitors the temperature of the battery and takes action to prevent overheating or overcooling.
均衡控制：对于多个电池单体组成的电池组，BMS可以控制各个单体之间的电压均衡，防止电池在使用过程中出现不平衡，从而提高电池组的整体性能和寿命。Balancing control: For a battery pack composed of multiple battery cells, the BMS can control the voltage balance between each cell to prevent the battery from being unbalanced during use, thereby improving the overall performance and life of the battery pack.
状态估计和预测：基于电池的历史数据和模型，BMS可以进行状态估计和预测，包括剩余电量、剩余寿命等，以帮助用户更好地管理电池的使用。State estimation and prediction: Based on the battery's historical data and models, the BMS can perform state estimation and prediction, including remaining power, remaining life, etc., to help users better manage battery usage.
故障诊断和保护：BMS能够识别电池的故障和异常情况。Fault diagnosis and protection: BMS is able to identify battery faults and abnormal conditions.
通信和数据记录：BMS通常具有与其他系统和设备进行通信的能力，以便实现远程监控和控制。同时，BMS还可以记录电池的运行数据和历史信息，用于分析和优化电池管理策略。Communication and data recording: BMS usually has the ability to communicate with other systems and devices to achieve remote monitoring and control. At the same time, BMS can also record battery operating data and historical information for analysis and optimization of battery management strategies.
目前，现有的预估电池寿命的方式为：车辆电池在出厂之前就在加速老化循环制式下确定了电池的循环寿命，将其写入车辆中，在车辆使用过程中，通过计算现累计净放电容量除以全寿命周期可净放电容量，确定对电池寿命EOL的预测结果。At present, the existing method of estimating battery life is as follows: the cycle life of the vehicle battery is determined under the accelerated aging cycle standard before the vehicle leaves the factory, and the battery life is written into the vehicle. During the use of the vehicle, the predicted result of battery life EOL is determined by calculating the current cumulative net discharge capacity divided by the net discharge capacity of the entire life cycle.
但是车辆电池在实际使用过程中，因为用户在充放电过程的充放深度、使用温度都与预先测量循环寿命的测量条件不同，因此，导致判断电池寿命时会造成误差。However, in the actual use of vehicle batteries, the depth of charge and discharge and the operating temperature during the charge and discharge process are different from the measurement conditions of the pre-measured cycle life, which will cause errors in judging the battery life.
另一种预估电池寿命的方式中，需将电池系统整体拆装，进行充放电测试，该方式作量大，占用时间长，需在售后站进行分容（终端用户无法实现）。Another way to estimate battery life is to disassemble the entire battery system and perform charge and discharge tests. This method is labor-intensive and time-consuming, and requires capacity separation at an after-sales station (which is not possible for end users).
另外对于电池单体异常的预测，一般通过电池单体之间的压差，评估电池内部的状态和性能。压差是指不同电池单体之间电压的差异，如果电池单体之间的压差扩大时，则表示电池可能出现异常，这种检测仅体现在SOC充放电的两端。并且只有在压差扩大到一定程度时（即电池已经异常之后）才可以检测出来，具有滞后性，并且不能精准预测电池寿命。In addition, for the prediction of battery cell abnormalities, the voltage difference between battery cells is generally used to evaluate the internal state and performance of the battery. The voltage difference refers to the difference in voltage between different battery cells. If the voltage difference between battery cells increases, it means that the battery may be abnormal. This detection is only reflected at both ends of SOC charging and discharging. And it can only be detected when the voltage difference expands to a certain extent (that is, after the battery has become abnormal), which has hysteresis and cannot accurately predict the battery life.
鉴于上述问题，本申请通过在车辆充电过程中微分容量曲线中峰位的变化来预测电池寿命，因为微分容量曲线是根据电池电压和电量计算得到的，反映了电池内部材料相变及电化学的过程，所以可以反映出实际的电池状态，会导致预测的电池寿命更加准确。In view of the above problems, the present application predicts the battery life by changing the peak position in the differential capacity curve during vehicle charging. Because the differential capacity curve is calculated based on the battery voltage and power, it reflects the phase change of the internal battery materials and the electrochemical process, so it can reflect the actual battery status, which will make the predicted battery life more accurate.
微分容量曲线：是一种计算恒定的电压间隔内电池容量变化，得到一条电池容量变化除以电压变化（dQ/dV）与电压（V）之间关系的曲线。通过对电池的充放电过程进行监测和分析，根据微分容量曲线可以获得电池内部参数和状态信息。Differential capacity curve: It is a curve that calculates the change in battery capacity within a constant voltage interval and obtains the relationship between the battery capacity change divided by the voltage change (dQ/dV) and the voltage (V). By monitoring and analyzing the battery's charge and discharge process, the internal parameters and status information of the battery can be obtained based on the differential capacity curve.
图1为本申请提供的一种微分容量曲线的示意图。如图1所示，微分容量曲线表示电池容量变化除以电压变化（dQ/dV）与电压（V）之间关系，单位电压范围内电池所释放或充入的容量变多时（即平台区，表示一个电化学反应过程），dQ/dV的值会增大，曲线上表现出“峰”的特征。图1中为充电和放电的过程的曲线，上半部分是充电过程的曲线，下半部分是放电过程的曲线，在车辆充电过程中绘制的微分容量曲线只包括其中的上部分，曲线中的尖峰即为特征峰。对于不同化学体系，锂硫电池、锂镍锰钴酸电池（NMC），dQ/dV曲线特征值明显差异，不同化学体系的电池，特征峰不同；对于同化学体系电芯， 在多次循环后，特征峰会出现一定差异，因此可以用来判断电池寿命。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a differential capacity curve provided by the present application. As shown in FIG1 , the differential capacity curve represents the relationship between the change in battery capacity divided by the change in voltage (dQ/dV) and the voltage (V). When the capacity released or charged by the battery within the unit voltage range increases (i.e., the platform area, representing an electrochemical reaction process), the value of dQ/dV will increase, and the curve will show the characteristics of a "peak". FIG1 shows the curves of the charging and discharging processes. The upper half is the curve of the charging process, and the lower half is the curve of the discharging process. The differential capacity curve drawn during the vehicle charging process only includes the upper part, and the peak in the curve is the characteristic peak. For different chemical systems, lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium nickel-manganese-cobalt acid batteries (NMC), the characteristic values of the dQ/dV curves are significantly different, and batteries of different chemical systems have different characteristic peaks; for cells of the same chemical system, after multiple cycles, the characteristic peaks will show certain differences, so they can be used to judge the battery life.
在充放电过程中，电池内部发生材料产生相变时，会使释放或充入的容量变多，产生峰值，该值是电池的特征值，一般不发生变化。当峰的高度衰减时，说明单位电压的容量变少了，反映了活性物质的损失（即表征为单电芯容量的损失）。可通过峰值相对X轴位置变化判断也可以反映电极发生副反应。During the charge and discharge process, when the material inside the battery undergoes a phase change, the capacity released or charged increases, resulting in a peak value, which is a characteristic value of the battery and generally does not change. When the height of the peak decays, it means that the capacity per unit voltage has decreased, reflecting the loss of active material (i.e., the loss of single cell capacity). The change in the relative position of the peak to the X-axis can also reflect the occurrence of side reactions at the electrode.
因此，根据微分容量曲线中峰值的位置，可以作为判定电池是否异常和预测电池寿命的依据。Therefore, the position of the peak in the differential capacity curve can be used as a basis for determining whether the battery is abnormal and predicting the battery life.
图2为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测方法的场景示意图，如图2所示，在本场景中新能源车辆在插枪充电的过程中，进行电池寿命预测。FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of a method for predicting battery life provided in the present application. As shown in FIG2 , in this scenario, a battery life prediction is performed while a new energy vehicle is being charged.
本申请的执行主体可以是车辆，或者车辆控制器，或者车辆的BMS模块，执行主体还可以是服务器，若执行主体是服务器，需要车辆采集电池的数据上传服务器，服务器将预测的寿命下传给车辆，在车辆中进行显示。The executor of the present application may be a vehicle, or a vehicle controller, or a vehicle's BMS module. The executor may also be a server. If the executor is a server, the vehicle needs to collect battery data and upload it to the server. The server will transmit the predicted life to the vehicle and display it in the vehicle.
应用本申请的车辆中的硬件没有增加，无成本和质量的增加，不增加硬件线路连接，适用于任一具备BMS模块的新能源车辆。在软件算法层面，需要在BMS中增加相关算法、车辆增加相关功能软件的支持。The application does not increase the hardware in the vehicle, does not increase the cost and quality, and does not increase the hardware line connection. It is applicable to any new energy vehicle with a BMS module. At the software algorithm level, it is necessary to add relevant algorithms to the BMS and the vehicle to add relevant functional software support.
下面以具体地实施例对本申请的技术方案以及本申请的技术方案如何解决上述技术问题进行详细说明。下面这几个具体的实施例可以相互结合，对于相同或相似的概念或过程可能在某些实施例中不再赘述。下面将结合附图，对本申请的实施例进行描述。The technical solution of the present application and how the technical solution of the present application solves the above-mentioned technical problems are described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be repeated in some embodiments. The embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
下面以车辆为执行主体，对电池寿命的预测方法进行介绍。The following introduces the battery life prediction method using the vehicle as the executor.
图3为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测方法的流程示意图一，如图3所示，该方法包括：FIG3 is a flow chart of a method for predicting battery life provided by the present application. As shown in FIG3 , the method includes:
S101、获取车辆充电过程中，电池满足检测条件时记录的电池数据，电池数据包括：电压值和电量。S101. Obtaining battery data recorded when the battery meets a detection condition during vehicle charging, the battery data including: voltage value and power level.
在本步骤中，用户预先开启了在充电过程中进行电池寿命预测的功能。车辆在插枪充电的过程中，实时获取电池的状态数据，根据状态数据确定电池是否满足检测条件，若满足检测条件，则对车辆进行电池寿命预测，若不满足检测条件则继续对电池充电。In this step, the user has enabled the function of predicting the battery life during the charging process. When the vehicle is plugged in and charging, the battery status data is obtained in real time, and the battery is determined to meet the detection conditions based on the status data. If the detection conditions are met, the battery life of the vehicle is predicted. If not, the battery continues to be charged.
其中，获取的电池的状态数据的具体类型与检测条件有关，下面对检测条件和状态数据进行举例。The specific type of the battery status data obtained is related to the detection conditions. The detection conditions and status data are exemplified below.
在一种实现方式中，检测条件是电池电压满足预设电压范围，则实时获取的电池状态数据中包括电池的动态电压。这样做的目的是为了在出现特征峰（即微分容量曲线中的峰值）之前进入检测状态，在后续检测过程中能够检测到特征峰。因为在微分容量曲线中，峰值变化都出现在固定电压位置处，所以预设电压范围应该在峰值出现前的一个电压范围，需要接近峰值处的电压，具体与峰值相差多少电压可以按照需求设定，例如相差0.1V，0.2V，0.5V等。而峰值处的电压具体是多少是与电池类型有关的，例如三元锂电池、磷酸铁锂电池，其内部的材料不同，材料的相位变化不同，因此峰值电压也不同，具体的峰值电压的测量是厂家在电池出厂前对标准样品进行循环测试得到。峰值处的电压一般位于3.5V左右。In one implementation, the detection condition is that the battery voltage meets the preset voltage range, and the battery status data acquired in real time includes the dynamic voltage of the battery. The purpose of this is to enter the detection state before the characteristic peak (i.e., the peak value in the differential capacity curve) appears, so that the characteristic peak can be detected in the subsequent detection process. Because in the differential capacity curve, the peak change appears at a fixed voltage position, so the preset voltage range should be a voltage range before the peak appears, and the voltage close to the peak value is required. The specific difference from the peak value can be set according to demand, such as 0.1V, 0.2V, 0.5V, etc. The specific voltage at the peak value is related to the battery type. For example, ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries have different internal materials and different phase changes of the materials, so the peak voltage is also different. The specific peak voltage measurement is obtained by the manufacturer's cycle test of the standard sample before the battery leaves the factory. The voltage at the peak is generally around 3.5V.
在一种实现方式中，检测条件是电池电量满足预设电量，则实时获取的电池状态数据中包括电池的电量（SOC）。对于电池系统，电量和电压可以相互转换，因此可以检测电量是否达到预设电量也可以实现在出现特征峰之前进入检测状态。In one implementation, the detection condition is that the battery power meets the preset power, and the battery status data acquired in real time includes the battery power (SOC). For the battery system, power and voltage can be converted to each other, so it is possible to detect whether the power reaches the preset power and enter the detection state before the characteristic peak appears.
在一种实现方式中，检测条件是电池电压满足预设电压范围，并且电池温度值大于或等于预设温度值，当电池温度值低于预设温度值时，电池内部材料的性能会受到影响，导致特征峰不准确。因此需要电池温度值达到预设值才可以进入检测状态。In one implementation, the detection condition is that the battery voltage meets the preset voltage range and the battery temperature is greater than or equal to the preset temperature value. When the battery temperature is lower than the preset temperature value, the performance of the internal material of the battery will be affected, resulting in inaccurate characteristic peaks. Therefore, the battery temperature needs to reach the preset value before entering the detection state.
在一种实现方式中，检测条件是电池电压满足预设电压范围，电池温度值大于或等于预设温度值；电池停止充电第一时长，以及在所述第一时长结束后，以小于预设电流的稳态电流对电池充电第二时长。通过这种方式可以让电池在获取特征峰之前保持稳态的状态，测的数据更加准确。其中第一时长和第二时长都可以根据需要设置。例如第一时长设置一小时，或者半小时，或者其他值；第二时长可以设置为30秒，40秒或者一分钟。在该检测条件下，需要获取电池电压，电池温度，充电电流，以及时间戳。其中稳态电流的电流值是较小的电流值，小于预设电流，预设电流可以设置为0.1C。In one implementation, the detection condition is that the battery voltage meets the preset voltage range, the battery temperature value is greater than or equal to the preset temperature value; the battery stops charging for a first time period, and after the first time period ends, the battery is charged for a second time period with a steady-state current less than the preset current. In this way, the battery can maintain a steady state before obtaining the characteristic peak, and the measured data is more accurate. The first time period and the second time period can be set as needed. For example, the first time period is set to one hour, or half an hour, or other values; the second time period can be set to 30 seconds, 40 seconds or one minute. Under this detection condition, it is necessary to obtain the battery voltage, battery temperature, charging current, and timestamp. The current value of the steady-state current is a smaller current value, less than the preset current, and the preset current can be set to 0.1C.
在满足检测条件之后，进入检测状态，获取电池数据，此时BMS控制以大于预设电流的充电电流对电池充电，其中充电电流可以设置为充电桩最大电流，或者以充电桩最大电流的80%，85%，90%，或者以预设的充电电流值，例如100A，50A，200A，具体如何设置需要根据电池和充电桩支持的充电电流大小确定。在检测过程中实时记录电池在预设时长内的电压值和电流值。预设时长可以是10秒，或者30秒，或者一分钟，预设时长是预先根据电池样品的微分容量曲线确定的，能够在预设时长的充电电流下显示出特征峰的时长。After the detection conditions are met, the detection state is entered to obtain battery data. At this time, the BMS controls the battery to charge with a charging current greater than the preset current, where the charging current can be set to the maximum current of the charging pile, or 80%, 85%, 90% of the maximum current of the charging pile, or a preset charging current value, such as 100A, 50A, 200A. The specific setting needs to be determined according to the charging current supported by the battery and the charging pile. During the detection process, the voltage and current values of the battery within the preset time are recorded in real time. The preset time can be 10 seconds, 30 seconds, or one minute. The preset time is determined in advance based on the differential capacity curve of the battery sample, and can display the duration of the characteristic peak under the charging current of the preset time.
S102、根据电池数据构建微分容量曲线，微分容量曲线是以时间或电压为横坐标，以相邻两个电池数据的电量变化量除以电压变化量的结果为纵坐标。S102, constructing a differential capacity curve according to the battery data, wherein the differential capacity curve takes time or voltage as the horizontal axis and takes the result of dividing the amount of charge change of two adjacent battery data by the amount of voltage change as the vertical axis.
在得到预设时长内的电池数据之后，根据电池数据构建微分容量曲线，本方案中的微分容量曲线的横坐标为时间或时间，纵坐标为以相邻两个电池数据的电量变化量除以电压变化量的结果。After obtaining the battery data within a preset time, a differential capacity curve is constructed according to the battery data. The horizontal axis of the differential capacity curve in this solution is time or time, and the vertical axis is the result of dividing the charge change of two adjacent battery data by the voltage change.
以电压为横坐标和常规的微分容量曲线相同。若以时间为横坐标，则需要预先根据电池样品在以预设的充电电流值下获取微分容量曲线中峰值点出现的时间。同样的，以电压为横坐标时，也需要预先根据电池样品在以预设的充电电流值下获取微分容量曲线中峰值点出现的电压。The voltage is used as the horizontal axis and is the same as the conventional differential capacity curve. If the time is used as the horizontal axis, it is necessary to obtain the time when the peak point in the differential capacity curve appears at the preset charging current value based on the battery sample in advance. Similarly, when the voltage is used as the horizontal axis, it is also necessary to obtain the voltage at the peak point in the differential capacity curve at the preset charging current value based on the battery sample in advance.
S103、根据微分容量曲线中的峰值点，获取车辆电池的电池寿命。S103. Obtain the battery life of the vehicle battery according to the peak point in the differential capacity curve.
在本步骤中，从微分容量曲线中获取曲线的峰值点，该峰值点表示电池的特征峰。根据电池样本的测试结果预先存储了峰值点不同高度对应的电池寿命，电池多个电芯峰值高度的方差对应的电池寿命，达到峰值点的不同斜率对应的电池寿命等，根据峰值点的横坐标和纵坐标的数值即可从获取电池寿命。In this step, the peak point of the curve is obtained from the differential capacity curve, and the peak point represents the characteristic peak of the battery. According to the test results of the battery sample, the battery life corresponding to different heights of the peak point, the battery life corresponding to the variance of the peak heights of multiple battery cells, the battery life corresponding to different slopes reaching the peak point, etc. are pre-stored. The battery life can be obtained according to the values of the abscissa and ordinate of the peak point.
为进一步增加寿命判断的可信度，可根据峰值点的横坐标和纵坐标通过多个角度判断寿命并进行加权算出最终寿命。例如对于多个电池电芯，计算每个电池单体电芯的纵坐标的平均值对应的寿命，多个电池单体电芯的纵坐标方差对应的寿命，多个电池单体电芯的纵坐标标准差对应的电池寿命，三种电池寿命进行加权计算得到最终的电池寿命。To further increase the credibility of life judgment, the life can be judged from multiple angles based on the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the peak point and weighted to calculate the final life. For example, for multiple battery cells, the life corresponding to the average value of the vertical coordinate of each battery cell, the life corresponding to the vertical variance of multiple battery cells, and the battery life corresponding to the vertical standard deviation of multiple battery cells are calculated, and the three battery lifespans are weighted to obtain the final battery life.
本实施例提供一种电池寿命的预测方法。获取车辆充电过程中，电池满足检测条件时记录的电池数据，电池数据中包括：以大于预设电流的充电电流对电池充电的过程中在预设时长内实时记录的电压值和电流值；根据电池数据构建微分容量曲线，微分容量曲线是以时间为横坐标，以相邻两个电池数据的电量变化量除以电压变化量的结果为纵坐标；根据微分容量曲线中的峰值点，获取车辆电池的电池寿命。本方法根据电池实际充电过程中的微分容量曲线的特征的峰值点确定电池寿命，相比于现有技术中的估算寿命的方式更加符合电池的实际，寿命预测的更加准确。This embodiment provides a method for predicting battery life. The battery data recorded during the vehicle charging process when the battery meets the detection conditions is obtained, and the battery data includes: the voltage value and current value recorded in real time within a preset time period during the process of charging the battery with a charging current greater than a preset current; a differential capacity curve is constructed based on the battery data, and the differential capacity curve uses time as the horizontal axis and the result of the change in power of two adjacent battery data divided by the change in voltage as the vertical axis; the battery life of the vehicle battery is obtained based on the peak point in the differential capacity curve. This method determines the battery life based on the peak point of the characteristic of the differential capacity curve during the actual charging process of the battery. Compared with the method of estimating the life in the prior art, it is more in line with the actual battery and the life prediction is more accurate.
下面以一个实施例介绍如何根据微分容量曲线中的峰值点，获取车辆电池的电池寿命。The following is an example of how to obtain the battery life of a vehicle battery based on the peak point in the differential capacity curve.
图4为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测方法的流程示意图二，如图4所示包括如下步骤。FIG4 is a second flow chart of the method for predicting battery life provided in the present application, which includes the following steps as shown in FIG4 .
S1031、获取峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值。S1031. Obtain the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point.
在本步骤中，首先需要确定微分容量曲线中的峰值点，然后才可以获取峰值点的横坐标数值和纵坐标数值。In this step, it is first necessary to determine the peak point in the differential capacity curve, and then the horizontal coordinate value and the vertical coordinate value of the peak point can be obtained.
具体从微分容量曲线中获取峰值点的方式如下：The specific method of obtaining the peak point from the differential capacity curve is as follows:
S10311、根据电压值和电量值，获取微分容量曲线中的极值点。S10311. Obtain the extreme point in the differential capacity curve according to the voltage value and the power value.
依次比较每个数据点（纵坐标）和前后数据的大小，若某个点的纵坐标数据都大于前后两个点的数据，则确定该点为极值点。Compare the size of each data point (ordinate) with the previous and next data in turn. If the ordinate data of a certain point is greater than the data of the two previous and next points, then the point is determined to be an extreme point.
需要说明的是，可以对曲线的毛刺进行处理，以防曲线中的小抖动影响对极值点的判断。或者对获取极值点的方式进行变形，例如某个点纵坐标都大于之前10个点的纵坐标数据，并且大于之后10个点的纵坐标数据，则确定该点为极值点，可以根据需要设置各种变形方式。It should be noted that the burrs of the curve can be processed to prevent small jitters in the curve from affecting the judgment of the extreme point. Or the method of obtaining the extreme point can be deformed. For example, if the ordinate of a point is greater than the ordinate data of the previous 10 points and the ordinate data of the next 10 points, then the point is determined to be an extreme point. Various deformation methods can be set as needed.
S10312、若微分容量曲线中极值点的个数大于或等于1，则将纵坐标数值最大的极值点作为峰值点，获取峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值。S10312. If the number of extreme value points in the differential capacity curve is greater than or equal to 1, the extreme value point with the largest ordinate value is taken as the peak point, and the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point are obtained.
当出现多个极值点时，多个极值点的纵坐标进行比较，纵坐标大的作为峰值点。当只出现一个极值点时，该极值点即为纵坐标最大的极值点，所以将该极值点作为峰值点。When there are multiple extreme value points, the ordinates of the multiple extreme value points are compared, and the one with the largest ordinate is taken as the peak point. When there is only one extreme value point, it is the extreme value point with the largest ordinate, so it is taken as the peak point.
S10313、若微分容量曲线中极值点的个数为0，则以微分容量曲线中纵坐标数值最大的数据点作为峰值点，获取峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值。S10313. If the number of extreme value points in the differential capacity curve is 0, the data point with the largest ordinate value in the differential capacity curve is taken as the peak point, and the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point are obtained.
若没有获取到极值点，则有可能是电池已经发生了异常，则以微分容量曲线中纵坐标数值最大的数据点作为峰值点。If no extreme value point is obtained, it is possible that the battery has become abnormal, and the data point with the largest vertical coordinate value in the differential capacity curve is taken as the peak point.
S1032、根据纵坐标数值确定目标数值，目标数值用于表示峰值点的高度与正常高度的偏离程度。S1032. Determine a target value according to the ordinate value, where the target value is used to indicate the degree of deviation between the height of the peak point and the normal height.
在确定峰值点之后，根据纵坐标数值确定目标数值，目标数值用于表示峰值的高度与正常情况下高度之间的偏离程度，目标数值可以有多种表现形式：After the peak point is determined, the target value is determined according to the ordinate value. The target value is used to indicate the degree of deviation between the peak height and the normal height. The target value can be expressed in various forms:
在一种实现方式中，在多电芯的电池系统，以电池多个电芯峰值点纵坐标的平均值作为目标数值。In one implementation, in a multi-cell battery system, the average value of the vertical coordinates of the peak points of multiple cells of the battery is used as the target value.
在另一种实现方式中，在多电芯的电池系统，以电池多个电芯峰值点纵坐标的均方根作为目标数值。In another implementation, in a multi-cell battery system, the root mean square of the vertical coordinates of the peak points of multiple battery cells is used as the target value.
在另一种实现方式中，在多电芯的电池系统，以电池多个电芯峰值点纵坐标的方差作为目标数值。In another implementation, in a multi-cell battery system, the variance of the vertical coordinates of the peak points of multiple battery cells is used as the target value.
在另一种实现方式中，根据多个电芯峰值点纵坐标的平均值，均方根，以及方差根据预设权重计算得到的数值作为目标数值。In another implementation, a value calculated according to a preset weight based on an average value, a root mean square, and a variance of the vertical coordinates of a plurality of battery cell peak points is used as a target value.
在另一种实现方式中，在单电芯的电池系统，以峰值点纵坐标作为目标数值。In another implementation, in a single-cell battery system, the peak point ordinate is used as the target value.
在另一种实现方式中，在单电芯的电池系统，以纵坐标与预设峰值点高度的差值作为目标数值。In another implementation, in a single-cell battery system, the difference between the vertical coordinate and the preset peak point height is used as the target value.
在另一种实现方式中，以纵坐标数值与历史数据中前几次的纵坐标数值取平均值之后，再与预设峰值点高度的差值作为目标数值。结合多次历史数据，可以减少每次判断的误差。In another implementation, the vertical coordinate value and the vertical coordinate values of the previous times in the historical data are averaged, and then the difference between the vertical coordinate value and the preset peak point height is used as the target value. Combining multiple historical data can reduce the error of each judgment.
在另一种实现方式中，将历史数据中所有纵坐标数值点的平均值作为目标数值。In another implementation, the average value of all ordinate value points in the historical data is used as the target value.
在另一种实现方式中，将历史数据中所有纵坐标数值点的方差作为目标数值。In another implementation, the variance of all ordinate value points in the historical data is used as the target value.
在另一种实现方式中，将历史数据中所有纵坐标数值点的标准差作为目标数值。In another implementation, the standard deviation of all ordinate value points in the historical data is used as the target value.
在另一种实现方式中，将历史数据中所有纵坐标数值点的平均值、标准差和方差根据预设权重计算出的数值作为目标数值。In another implementation, the average value, standard deviation and variance of all vertical coordinate value points in the historical data are calculated according to preset weights as the target value.
通过结合历史数据中的值，可以确定电池纵坐标数值变化趋势或者的离散程度的变化，可以作为确定电池寿命的依据。By combining the values in the historical data, the change trend of the battery vertical coordinate value or the change in the degree of dispersion can be determined, which can be used as a basis for determining the battery life.
S1033、根据微分容量曲线，确定从充电电流的起始数据点到峰值点的斜率。S1033. Determine the slope from the starting data point to the peak point of the charging current according to the differential capacity curve.
在本步骤中，目标数值能够反映出特征峰纵坐标数值点的变化。In this step, the target value can reflect the change of the vertical coordinate value point of the characteristic peak.
对于横坐标，可以单独通过横坐标的数值与预先测的标准数值进行比较，若峰值点的横坐标发生明显变化，通过变化量也可以表征电池寿命变化。For the horizontal axis, the value of the horizontal axis can be compared with the pre-measured standard value. If the horizontal axis of the peak point changes significantly, the change can also represent the change in battery life.
将横坐标和纵坐标一起考虑，可以确定从充电电流的起始数据点到峰值点的斜率，该斜率表示从预设的电压开始，到达相变的峰值点的快慢，可以表征电池寿命。Considering the horizontal axis and the vertical axis together, the slope from the starting data point of the charging current to the peak point can be determined. The slope indicates how fast the peak point of the phase change is reached starting from a preset voltage, which can characterize the battery life.
可选的，若电池是多电芯系统，根据每个单体电芯的斜率，计算平均值作为最终斜率。斜率的计算也可以参考历史数据，与目标数值的计算类似，在此不做赘述。Optionally, if the battery is a multi-cell system, the slope of each single cell is used to calculate the average value as the final slope. The calculation of the slope can also refer to historical data, which is similar to the calculation of the target value and will not be repeated here.
S1034、根据目标数值和斜率，获取电池寿命。S1034. Obtain battery life according to the target value and the slope.
在本步骤中，根据目标数值和/或斜率查询预设的电池寿命表即可获取电池寿命。In this step, the battery life can be obtained by querying a preset battery life table according to the target value and/or slope.
其中，电池寿命表中的寿命是根据电池样品经过测试，按照一致的目标数值和斜率的计算方式确定的数值与电池寿命之间的映射关系。The life in the battery life table is a mapping relationship between the value determined by testing the battery sample and the battery life according to a consistent target value and slope calculation method.
可选的，也可以根据多个目标数值确定电池寿命之后，再进行每一项权重运算得到电池寿命。示例性的根据多个电芯峰值点纵坐标的平均值确定第一电池寿命，根据均方根确定第二电池寿命，根据方差确定第三电池寿命，计算得到平均值作为电池寿命。Optionally, after determining the battery life according to multiple target values, each weight operation is performed to obtain the battery life. Exemplarily, the first battery life is determined according to the average value of the vertical coordinates of multiple battery cell peak points, the second battery life is determined according to the root mean square, and the third battery life is determined according to the variance, and the average value is calculated as the battery life.
可选的，若检测到目标数值超过预设数值范围，和/或，斜率超过预设斜率范围，表示电池异常，输出电池寿命异常。若只是单个电芯的目标数值或斜率超过预设范围，则输出单电芯寿命异常的消息。Optionally, if it is detected that the target value exceeds a preset value range, and/or the slope exceeds a preset slope range, it indicates that the battery is abnormal, and the battery life is abnormal. If only the target value or slope of a single battery cell exceeds the preset range, a message of abnormal single battery life is output.
下面以具体实例对本方案进行介绍。The following is an introduction to this solution using a specific example.
图5为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测方法的流程示意图三，如图5所示，包括如下步骤：FIG5 is a flow chart of the third method for predicting battery life provided by the present application. As shown in FIG5 , the method includes the following steps:
S301、在充电过程中实时获取电池电压值和电池温度值。S301 . Acquire a battery voltage value and a battery temperature value in real time during the charging process.
在本步骤中，BMS可以实时监控电池的状态，并且控制电池充电的过程。用户在车辆的显示界面上开启充电过程进行电池寿命预测的功能则进行后续过程，若用户没有开始该功能，则持续充电。In this step, the BMS can monitor the status of the battery in real time and control the battery charging process. If the user turns on the function of predicting the battery life during the charging process on the vehicle display interface, the subsequent process will proceed. If the user does not start this function, charging will continue.
S302、当电池电压值在预设电压范围内，并且电池温度值大于或等于预设温度，停止充电第一时长。S302: When the battery voltage is within a preset voltage range and the battery temperature is greater than or equal to a preset temperature, stop charging for a first time period.
其中，第一时长可以设置为1小时，50分钟，或者30分钟，具体不做限制。静止第一时长为使电池内部材料获得去极化的效果，防止材料处于极化导致的测量的峰值点不准确。The first duration can be set to 1 hour, 50 minutes, or 30 minutes, with no specific limitation. The first static duration is to achieve a depolarization effect on the internal materials of the battery to prevent the peak point of the measurement from being inaccurate due to the polarization of the materials.
S303、以稳态电流对电池充电第二时长。S303, charging the battery with a steady-state current for a second period of time.
其中，稳态电流小于0.1C。第二时长，可以设置为30秒，40秒或者一分钟。Among them, the steady-state current is less than 0.1 C. The second time length can be set to 30 seconds, 40 seconds or one minute.
S304、以大于预设电流的充电电流对电池充电第三时长。S304: Charge the battery for a third period of time with a charging current greater than a preset current.
其中，第三时长可以设置为20秒，10秒，或者5分钟。具体设置多少数值根据电池样品在厂家侧测量确定，保证在第三时长内，以预设电流值充电能够从预设电压范围充电，结束时的电压已经大于特征峰对应的电压。The third time period can be set to 20 seconds, 10 seconds, or 5 minutes. The specific setting value is determined by measuring the battery sample at the manufacturer's side to ensure that within the third time period, charging with a preset current value can be charged from a preset voltage range, and the voltage at the end is greater than the voltage corresponding to the characteristic peak.
S305、记录在第二时长和第三时长内每只电芯的电压数据和电量数据。S305 , recording the voltage data and power data of each battery cell in the second time period and the third time period.
S306、计算每只电芯的微分容量曲线。S306. Calculate the differential capacity curve of each battery cell.
S307、获取每只电芯的微分容量曲线中的峰值点。S307 , obtaining the peak point in the differential capacity curve of each battery cell.
S308、根据每只电芯的微分容量曲线中的峰值点预估电池寿命。S308 . Estimate the battery life according to the peak point in the differential capacity curve of each battery cell.
在本步骤中，根据峰值点的纵坐标和横坐标计算目标数值和斜率，再查表获取电池寿命，在此不再赘述。In this step, the target value and slope are calculated according to the ordinate and abscissa of the peak point, and then the battery life is obtained by looking up the table, which will not be described in detail here.
S309、对每只电芯进行异常评估。S309, perform abnormality assessment on each battery cell.
若每只电芯的目标数值和/或斜率超过预设范围，则确定单个电芯异常，输出单个电芯异常信息。电芯异常信息用于提示用户到售后站进行相应的评估和处理。If the target value and/or slope of each battery cell exceeds the preset range, the single battery cell is determined to be abnormal and the single battery cell abnormality information is output. The battery cell abnormality information is used to prompt the user to go to the after-sales station for corresponding evaluation and processing.
S310、结束电池寿命预测，继续对电池充电。S310: End the battery life prediction and continue charging the battery.
通过本方法，在车辆充电过程中根据电池实际的电压和电量可以预估电池寿命，依据电池内部材料的相变过程，更加符合电池实际，相比于现有技术中通过现有放电量和总放电量的比值的方式，更加准确。Through this method, the battery life can be estimated according to the actual voltage and power of the battery during the vehicle charging process. It is based on the phase change process of the internal material of the battery, which is more in line with the actual battery and more accurate than the method of using the ratio of the current discharge capacity to the total discharge capacity in the prior art.
本方案的执行主体也可以是车辆的服务器，当执行主体是服务器时，车辆侧对电池数据进行获取，通过CAN总线将获取的数据上传服务器，服务器进行微分容量曲线的绘制和相应的计算，得到电池寿命，将电池寿命发送到车辆。The executor of this solution can also be the vehicle's server. When the executor is the server, the vehicle acquires the battery data and uploads the acquired data to the server via the CAN bus. The server draws the differential capacity curve and performs corresponding calculations to obtain the battery life, and sends the battery life to the vehicle.
图6为本申请提供的电池寿命的预测装置示意图一，如图6所示，电池寿命的预测装置600包括：FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a battery life prediction device 1 provided by the present application. As shown in FIG6 , the battery life prediction device 600 includes:
获取模块601，用于获取车辆充电过程中，电池满足检测条件时记录的电池数据，所述电池数据包括：电压值和电量；The acquisition module 601 is used to acquire the battery data recorded when the battery meets the detection conditions during the vehicle charging process, and the battery data includes: voltage value and power;
构建模块602，用于根据所述电池数据构建微分容量曲线，所述微分容量曲线是以时间或电压为横坐标，以相邻两个电池数据的电量变化量除以电压变化量的结果为纵坐标；A construction module 602 is used to construct a differential capacity curve according to the battery data, wherein the differential capacity curve takes time or voltage as the horizontal axis and takes the result of dividing the amount of power change of two adjacent battery data by the amount of voltage change as the vertical axis;
寿命预测模块603，用于根据所述微分容量曲线中的峰值点，获取车辆电池的电池寿命。The life prediction module 603 is used to obtain the battery life of the vehicle battery according to the peak point in the differential capacity curve.
可选的，所述寿命预测模块603具体用于：Optionally, the life prediction module 603 is specifically used for:
获取所述峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值；Obtaining the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point;
根据所述纵坐标数值确定目标数值，所述目标数值用于表示所述峰值点的高度与正常高度的偏离程度；Determine a target value according to the ordinate value, wherein the target value is used to indicate the degree of deviation of the height of the peak point from a normal height;
根据所述微分容量曲线，确定从所述充电电流的起始数据点到所述峰值点的斜率；Determining a slope from a starting data point of the charging current to the peak point according to the differential capacity curve;
根据所述目标数值和所述斜率，获取所述电池寿命。The battery life is obtained according to the target value and the slope.
可选的，所述装置还包括输出模块604，输出模块604还用于：Optionally, the device further includes an output module 604, and the output module 604 is further used for:
若检测到所述目标数值超过预设数值范围，和/或，所述斜率超过预设斜率范围，输出电池寿命异常信息。If it is detected that the target value exceeds a preset value range, and/or the slope exceeds a preset slope range, battery life abnormality information is output.
可选的，若所述电池有至少两个单体电芯，所述寿命预测模块603还用于：Optionally, if the battery has at least two single cells, the life prediction module 603 is further used to:
根据每个单体电芯的峰值点的纵坐标数值，计算平均值、均方根和方差；According to the ordinate value of the peak point of each single cell, the average value, root mean square and variance are calculated;
根据所述平均值、所述均方根和所述方差，以及所述平均值、所述均方根和所述方差的预设权重，确定所述目标数值；Determining the target value according to the average value, the root mean square and the variance, and preset weights of the average value, the root mean square and the variance;
相应的，所述根据所述微分容量曲线，确定从所述充电电流的起始数据点到所述峰值点的斜率，包括：Accordingly, determining the slope from the starting data point of the charging current to the peak point according to the differential capacity curve includes:
根据每个单体电芯的峰值点的横坐标数值和纵坐标数值，确定从所述充电电流的起始数据点到每个单体电芯峰值点的单体电芯斜率；Determine the cell slope from the starting data point of the charging current to the peak point of each cell according to the abscissa value and the ordinate value of the peak point of each cell;
根据每个单体电芯斜率，计算平均值作为所述斜率。According to the slope of each single cell, an average value is calculated as the slope.
可选的，所述寿命预测模块603还用于：Optionally, the life prediction module 603 is further used for:
根据所述电压值和所述电量值，获取所述微分容量曲线中的极值点；According to the voltage value and the electric quantity value, obtaining an extreme value point in the differential capacity curve;
若所述微分容量曲线中极值点的个数大于或等于1，则将纵坐标数值最大的极值点作为所述峰值点，获取所述峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值；If the number of extreme value points in the differential capacity curve is greater than or equal to 1, the extreme value point with the largest ordinate value is taken as the peak point, and the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point are obtained;
若所述微分容量曲线中极值点的个数为0，则以所述微分容量曲线中纵坐标数值最大的数据点作为所述峰值点，获取所述峰值点的纵坐标数值和横坐标数值。If the number of extreme value points in the differential capacity curve is 0, the data point with the largest ordinate value in the differential capacity curve is taken as the peak point, and the ordinate value and the abscissa value of the peak point are obtained.
可选的，所述检测条件包括：电池电压值在预设电压范围内。Optionally, the detection condition includes: the battery voltage value is within a preset voltage range.
可选的，所述检测条件包括：电池电压值在预设电压范围内，电池温度值大于或等于预设温度值；电池停止充电第一时长，以及在所述第一时长结束后，以小于预设电流的稳态电流对电池充电第二时长。Optionally, the detection conditions include: the battery voltage value is within a preset voltage range, the battery temperature value is greater than or equal to a preset temperature value; the battery stops charging for a first time period, and after the first time period, the battery is charged for a second time period with a steady-state current less than a preset current.
本实施例提供的电池寿命的预测装置，可执行上述方法实施例提供的方法，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不做赘述。The battery life prediction device provided in this embodiment can execute the method provided in the above method embodiment. Its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, and this embodiment will not be described in detail here.
图7为本申请提供的电子设备的结构示意图。电子设备可以是服务器，或者车辆整车控制器VCU，或者BMS控制器。如图7所示，本实施例提供的电子设备70包括：至少一个处理器701和存储器702。可选地，该设备70还包括通信部件703。其中，处理器701、存储器702以及通信部件703通过总线704连接。FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic device provided in the present application. The electronic device may be a server, or a vehicle control unit VCU, or a BMS controller. As shown in FIG7 , the electronic device 70 provided in this embodiment includes: at least one processor 701 and a memory 702. Optionally, the device 70 also includes a communication component 703. The processor 701, the memory 702, and the communication component 703 are connected via a bus 704.
在具体实现过程中，至少一个处理器701执行存储器702存储的计算机执行指令，使得至少一个处理器701执行上述的方法。In a specific implementation process, at least one processor 701 executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory 702, so that at least one processor 701 executes the above method.
处理器701的具体实现过程可参见上述方法实施例，其实现原理和技术效果类似，本实施例此处不再赘述。The specific implementation process of the processor 701 can be found in the above method embodiment, and its implementation principle and technical effect are similar, so this embodiment will not be repeated here.
在上述的实施例中，应理解，处理器可以是中央处理单元（英文：CentralProcessing Unit，简称：CPU），还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器（英文：DigitalSignal Processor，简称：DSP）、专用集成电路（英文：Application Specific IntegratedCircuit，简称：ASIC）等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合发明所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。In the above embodiments, it should be understood that the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in the invention can be directly implemented as a hardware processor, or can be implemented by a combination of hardware and software modules in the processor.
存储器可能包含高速存储器（Random Access Memory，RAM），也可能还包括非易失性存储器（Non-volatile Memory，NVM），例如至少一个磁盘存储器。The memory may include a high-speed memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), and may also include a non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage.
总线可以是工业标准体系结构（Industry Standard Architecture，ISA）总线、外部设备互连（Peripheral Component，PCI）总线或扩展工业标准体系结构（ExtendedIndustry Standard Architecture，EISA）总线等。总线可以分为地址总线、数据总线、控制总线等。为便于表示，本申请附图中的总线并不限定仅有一根总线或一种类型的总线。The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, etc. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, the bus in the drawings of this application is not limited to only one bus or one type of bus.
本申请还提供一种计算机程序产品，包括计算机程序，该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现上述的方法。The present application also provides a computer program product, including a computer program, which implements the above method when executed by a processor.
本申请还提供一种计算机可读存储介质，计算机可读存储介质中存储有计算机执行指令，当处理器执行计算机执行指令时，实现上述的方法。The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which computer-executable instructions are stored. When a processor executes the computer-executable instructions, the above method is implemented.
上述可读存储介质可以是由任何类型的易失性或非易失性存储设备或者它们的组合实现，如静态随机存取存储器（SRAM），电可擦除可编程只读存储器（EEPROM），可擦除可编程只读存储器（EPROM），可编程只读存储器（PROM），只读存储器（ROM），磁存储器，快闪存储器，磁盘或光盘。可读存储介质可以是通用或专用计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。The above-mentioned readable storage medium can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as static random access memory (SRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), read-only memory (ROM), magnetic memory, flash memory, magnetic disk or optical disk. The readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer.
一种示例性的可读存储介质耦合至处理器，从而使处理器能够从该可读存储介质读取信息，且可向该可读存储介质写入信息。当然，可读存储介质也可以是处理器的组成部分。处理器和可读存储介质可以位于专用集成电路(Application Specific IntegratedCircuits，简称：ASIC)中。当然，处理器和可读存储介质也可以作为分立组件存在于设备中。An exemplary readable storage medium is coupled to a processor so that the processor can read information from the readable storage medium and write information to the readable storage medium. Of course, the readable storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the readable storage medium can be located in an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuits, referred to as ASIC). Of course, the processor and the readable storage medium can also exist in the device as discrete components.
单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。The division of units is only a logical function division, and there may be other divisions in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
另外，在本发明各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备（可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等）执行本发明各个实施例方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器（ROM，Read-Only Memory）、随机存取存储器（RAM，Random Access Memory）、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the function is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions to enable a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods of each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc. Various media that can store program codes.
本领域普通技术人员可以理解：实现上述各方法实施例的全部或部分步骤可以通过程序指令相关的硬件来完成。前述的程序可以存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中。该程序在执行时，执行包括上述各方法实施例的步骤；而前述的存储介质包括：ROM、RAM、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the steps of implementing the above-mentioned method embodiments can be completed by hardware related to program instructions. The aforementioned program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, the steps of the above-mentioned method embodiments are executed; and the aforementioned storage medium includes: ROM, RAM, disk or optical disk, etc., various media that can store program codes.
最后应说明的是：本领域技术人员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的发明后，将容易想到本发明的其它实施方案。本发明旨在涵盖本发明的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本发明的一般性原理并包括本发明未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段，并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本发明的范围仅由所附的权利要求书来限制。Finally, it should be noted that those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. The present invention is intended to cover any variation, use or adaptation of the present invention, which follows the general principles of the present invention and includes common knowledge or customary technical means in the art not disclosed by the present invention, is not limited to the precise structure described above and shown in the drawings, and can be variously modified and changed without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.
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