CN118639231A - A method for improving the surface wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for improving the surface wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding belongs to the field of titanium alloy material manufacturing. The invention discloses an alloy powder with good combination with the surface of titanium alloy and high wear resistance, which comprises (13-15) wt% of Fe, (3.5-4.5) wt% of Ni, (7.0-9.0) wt% of Si, and the balance of Ti, wherein the method for cladding the powder on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by adopting a laser cladding method can improve the wear resistance of a body by more than 5 times. In addition, compared with the self-fluxing alloy, because titanium is adopted as a main component, the cladding metal has density close to that of the conventional titanium alloy, better interface combination is realized, larger density change of the part is not caused after cladding, and the interface cracking is not easy to cause due to larger temperature gradient.

Description

Translated fromChinese

一种通过激光熔覆提高TC4钛合金表面耐磨性的方法A method for improving the surface wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding

技术领域Technical Field

本发明属于金属材料领域，涉及一种提高钛合金表面耐磨性的方法。The invention belongs to the field of metal materials and relates to a method for improving the wear resistance of a titanium alloy surface.

背景技术Background Art

钛及钛合金材料具有密度小、比强度高、热膨胀系数小、耐腐蚀性好、相容性高、易焊接的优势特征，在航空航天、化工、医疗等领域得到广泛应用。尽管钛合金具有优异的力学性能，但是其耐磨性较差，尤其作为一些结构件使用在微动摩擦的工况环境下，由于表面的过早磨损严重影响其使用寿命。因此，如何保证钛合金优异力学性能的同时还具有优异的耐磨性，是钛合金广泛应用的关键。钛合金表面激光熔覆更耐磨的材料是一种常用的提高其耐磨性的方法，所采用的材料包括自熔性合金粉末、陶瓷粉末、金属基陶瓷复合粉末等。这些粉末通过激光熔覆的工艺堆积在钛或者钛合金表面能够不同程度地提高表面的耐磨性。Titanium and titanium alloy materials have the advantages of low density, high specific strength, low thermal expansion coefficient, good corrosion resistance, high compatibility, and easy welding. They are widely used in aerospace, chemical, medical and other fields. Although titanium alloys have excellent mechanical properties, their wear resistance is poor, especially when used as some structural parts in micro-friction working conditions, the premature wear of the surface seriously affects its service life. Therefore, how to ensure that titanium alloys have excellent mechanical properties while also having excellent wear resistance is the key to the widespread application of titanium alloys. Laser cladding of more wear-resistant materials on the surface of titanium alloys is a commonly used method to improve its wear resistance. The materials used include self-fluxing alloy powders, ceramic powders, metal-based ceramic composite powders, etc. These powders are deposited on the surface of titanium or titanium alloys through the laser cladding process to improve the wear resistance of the surface to varying degrees.

发明内容Summary of the invention

本发明设计了一种与钛合金表面具有良好结合，同时具有高耐磨性的合金粉末，其成分Fe:（13～15）wt%; Ni:（3.5～4.5）wt%; Si:（7.0～9.0）wt%，余量为Ti, 采用激光熔覆的方法将该粉末熔覆在TC4钛合金的表面方法能够提高本体耐磨性6倍以上。另外，与自熔性合金相比，由于采用钛作为主要成分，因此熔覆金属具有与常规钛合金接近的密度，更好的界面结合，保证熔覆后不会引起零件较大的密度变化以及较大的温度梯度不易引起界面的开裂。The present invention designs an alloy powder that has good bonding with the surface of titanium alloy and high wear resistance, wherein the composition of the alloy powder is Fe: (13-15) wt%; Ni: (3.5-4.5) wt%; Si: (7.0-9.0) wt%, and the balance is Ti. The powder is clad on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding, which can improve the wear resistance of the body by more than 6 times. In addition, compared with self-fluxing alloys, since titanium is used as the main component, the cladding metal has a density close to that of conventional titanium alloys, better interface bonding, and ensures that the cladding will not cause a large density change of the parts and a large temperature gradient will not easily cause interface cracking.

一种通过激光熔覆提高TC4钛合金表面耐磨性的方法，其特征在于：通过在钛中添加Si、Ni、Fe元素，并控制Si和Ni的比例范围，可以在β钛基体中形成约25wt%的Ti₅Si₃ 相，其呈连续的网络状分布在Ti基体中，另外在基体中弥散分布约5wt%的Ti_50.36Fe_49.64 相和4wt%的Ti₂Ni 相，这两种相的尺寸5～8微米。这样网络状分布的Ti₅Si₃ 相和弥散分布的Ti_50.36Fe_49.64 相和Ti₂Ni 相均具有高的硬度和耐磨性，可以大幅度提高熔覆层的耐磨性，在相同条件下，其耐磨性是普通TC4钛合金的6倍以上；同时熔覆层钛基体也与钛合金零件表面具有良好的界面结合，有利于提高抗热振性能。A method for improving the surface wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding, characterized in that: by adding Si, Ni, and Fe elements to titanium and controlling the ratio range of Si and Ni, about 25wt% of Ti₅ Si₃ phase can be formed in the β-titanium matrix, which is distributed in the Ti matrix in a continuous network shape, and about 5wt% of Ti_50.36 Fe_49.64 phase and 4wt% of Ti₂ Ni phase are dispersed in the matrix, and the size of these two phases is 5 to 8 microns. In this way, the network-distributed Ti₅ Si₃ phase and the dispersedly distributed Ti_50.36 Fe_49.64 phase and Ti₂ Ni phase all have high hardness and wear resistance, which can greatly improve the wear resistance of the cladding layer. Under the same conditions, its wear resistance is more than 6 times that of ordinary TC4 titanium alloy; at the same time, the titanium matrix of the cladding layer also has a good interface bonding with the surface of the titanium alloy part, which is conducive to improving the thermal vibration resistance.

如上所述通过激光熔覆提高TC4钛合金表面耐磨性的方法，具体制备步骤为：As described above, the method for improving the surface wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding has the following specific preparation steps:

1）采用气雾化制粉技术制备原材料粉末，粉末成分质量比为Fe:（13～15）wt%;Ni:（3.5～4.5）wt%; Si:（7.0～9.0）wt%， Si：Ni的比例为2：1，余量为Ti以及不可避免的杂质，粉末的粒度控制在20-100μm微米范围内；1) The raw material powder is prepared by gas atomization powder making technology, and the mass ratio of the powder composition is Fe: (13-15) wt%; Ni: (3.5-4.5) wt%; Si: (7.0-9.0) wt%, the ratio of Si: Ni is 2:1, and the balance is Ti and inevitable impurities. The particle size of the powder is controlled in the range of 20-100 μm;

2）在钛合金零件表面进行激光熔覆的工艺参数为： 激光功率750-1000W，扫描速度1200～1400mm/s，光斑直径1.3～1.5mm，扫描间距0.8～1.0mm， 粉末流速4～5g/min，熔覆过程采用氩气氛保护。2) The process parameters for laser cladding on the surface of titanium alloy parts are: laser power 750-1000W, scanning speed 1200-1400mm/s, spot diameter 1.3-1.5mm, scanning spacing 0.8-1.0mm, powder flow rate 4-5g/min, and argon atmosphere protection is used during the cladding process.

本发明的优点在于，将上述成分制备的合金粉末采用激光熔覆沉积在钛合金零件的表面时，界面结合较好，抗热振性能好，耐磨性能提高5倍以上。The invention has the advantages that when the alloy powder prepared with the above ingredients is deposited on the surface of a titanium alloy part by laser cladding, the interface bonding is good, the thermal vibration resistance is good, and the wear resistance is improved by more than 5 times.

本发明设计熔覆合金成分提高钛合金零件耐磨性的主要机理：通过在钛中添加Si、Ni、Fe元素，并控制Si和Ni的比例范围，可以在β钛基体中形成约25wt%的Ti₅Si₃ 相，其呈连续的网络状分布在Ti基体中，另外在基体中弥散分布5wt%的Ti_50.36Fe_49.64 相和约4wt%的Ti₂Ni 相，这两种相的尺寸约5～8微米。这样网络状分布的Ti₅Si₃ 相和弥散分布的Ti_50.36Fe_49.64 相和Ti₂Ni 相均具有高的硬度和耐磨性，可以大幅度提高熔覆层的耐磨性，在相同条件下，其耐磨性是普通TC4钛合金的6倍以上；同时熔覆层钛基体也与钛合金零件表面具有良好的界面结合，有利于提高抗热振性能。The main mechanism of improving the wear resistance of titanium alloy parts by designing the composition of cladding alloy in the present invention is: by adding Si, Ni and Fe elements to titanium and controlling the ratio range of Si and Ni, about 25wt% of Ti₅ Si₃ phase can be formed in the β-titanium matrix, which is distributed in the Ti matrix in a continuous network shape, and 5wt% of Ti_50.36 Fe_49.64 phase and about 4wt% of Ti₂ Ni phase are dispersed in the matrix, and the size of these two phases is about 5 to 8 microns. In this way, the network-distributed Ti₅ Si₃ phase and the dispersedly distributed Ti_50.36 Fe_49.64 phase and Ti₂ Ni phase all have high hardness and wear resistance, which can greatly improve the wear resistance of the cladding layer. Under the same conditions, its wear resistance is more than 6 times that of ordinary TC4 titanium alloy; at the same time, the titanium matrix of the cladding layer also has a good interface bonding with the surface of the titanium alloy part, which is conducive to improving the thermal vibration resistance.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

实施例1Example 1

在TC4合金表面激光熔覆2mm厚的耐磨层Laser cladding of a 2 mm thick wear-resistant layer on the surface of TC4 alloy

1）采用气雾化制粉技术制备原材料粉末，粉末成分质量比为Fe:13wt%; Ni:3.5wt%; Si:7.0wt%，余量为Ti以及不可避免的杂质，粉末的粒度控制在20-100μm微米范围内；1) The raw material powder is prepared by gas atomization powder making technology, the mass ratio of the powder composition is Fe: 13wt%; Ni: 3.5wt%; Si: 7.0wt%, the balance is Ti and inevitable impurities, and the particle size of the powder is controlled in the range of 20-100μm;

2）在钛合金零件表面进行激光熔覆的工艺参数为： 激光功率750W，扫描速度1200mm/s，光斑直径1.3mm，扫描间距0.8mm， 粉末流速4g/min，熔覆过程采用氩气氛保护。2) The process parameters for laser cladding on the surface of titanium alloy parts are: laser power 750W, scanning speed 1200mm/s, spot diameter 1.3mm, scanning spacing 0.8mm, powder flow rate 4g/min, and argon atmosphere protection is used during the cladding process.

经性能测试，熔覆层耐磨性为TC4合金的6.1倍。According to performance tests, the wear resistance of the cladding layer is 6.1 times that of TC4 alloy.

实施例2Example 2

在TC4合金表面激光熔覆1.5mm厚的耐磨层Laser cladding of a 1.5 mm thick wear-resistant layer on the surface of TC4 alloy

1）采用气雾化制粉技术制备原材料粉末，粉末成分质量比为Fe:15wt%; Ni:4.5wt%; Si: 9.0wt%，余量为Ti以及不可避免的杂质，粉末的粒度控制在20-100μm微米范围内；1) The raw material powder is prepared by gas atomization powder making technology, the mass ratio of the powder composition is Fe: 15wt%; Ni: 4.5wt%; Si: 9.0wt%, the balance is Ti and inevitable impurities, and the particle size of the powder is controlled in the range of 20-100μm;

2）在钛合金零件表面进行激光熔覆的工艺参数为： 激光功率1000W，扫描速度1400mm/s，光斑直径1.5mm，扫描间距1.0mm， 粉末流速5g/min，熔覆过程采用氩气氛保护。2) The process parameters for laser cladding on the surface of titanium alloy parts are: laser power 1000W, scanning speed 1400mm/s, spot diameter 1.5mm, scanning spacing 1.0mm, powder flow rate 5g/min, and argon atmosphere protection is used during the cladding process.

经性能测试，熔覆层耐磨性为TC4合金的6.5倍。According to performance tests, the wear resistance of the cladding layer is 6.5 times that of TC4 alloy.

Claims (2)

Translated fromChinese

1.一种通过激光熔覆提高TC4钛合金表面耐磨性的方法，其特征在于：通过在钛中添加Si、Ni、Fe元素，并控制Si和Ni的比例范围，可以在β钛基体中形成25wt%的Ti₅Si₃ 相，其呈连续的网络状分布在Ti基体中，另外在基体中弥散分布5wt%的Ti_50.36Fe_49.64 相和4wt% 的Ti₂Ni 相，这两种相的尺寸5～8微米；这样网络状分布的Ti₅Si₃ 相和弥散分布的Ti_50.36Fe_49.64 相和Ti₂Ni 相均具有高的硬度和耐磨性，可以大幅度提高熔覆层的耐磨性，在相同条件下，其耐磨性是普通TC4钛合金的6倍以上；同时熔覆层钛基体也与钛合金零件表面具有良好的界面结合，有利于提高抗热振性能。1. A method for improving the surface wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding, characterized in that: by adding Si, Ni, and Fe elements to titanium and controlling the ratio range of Si and Ni, 25wt% of Ti₅ Si₃ phase can be formed in the β titanium matrix, which is distributed in the Ti matrix in a continuous network shape, and 5wt% of Ti_50.36 Fe_49.64 phase and 4wt% of Ti₂ Ni phase are dispersed in the matrix, and the size of these two phases is 5 to 8 microns; the network-distributed Ti₅ Si₃ phase and the dispersedly distributed Ti_50.36 Fe_49.64 phase and Ti₂ Ni phase all have high hardness and wear resistance, which can greatly improve the wear resistance of the cladding layer. Under the same conditions, its wear resistance is more than 6 times that of ordinary TC4 titanium alloy; at the same time, the titanium matrix of the cladding layer also has a good interface bonding with the surface of the titanium alloy part, which is beneficial to improving the thermal vibration resistance.2.根据权利要求1所述通过激光熔覆提高TC4钛合金表面耐磨性的方法，其特征在于，具体制备步骤为：2. The method for improving the surface wear resistance of TC4 titanium alloy by laser cladding according to claim 1 is characterized in that the specific preparation steps are:1）采用气雾化制粉技术制备原材料粉末，粉末成分质量比为Fe:（13～15）wt%; Ni:（3.5～4.5）wt%; Si:（7.0～9.0）wt%， Si：Ni的比例为2：1，余量为Ti以及不可避免的杂质，粉末的粒度控制在20-100μm微米范围内；1) The raw material powder is prepared by gas atomization powder making technology, and the mass ratio of the powder composition is Fe: (13-15) wt%; Ni: (3.5-4.5) wt%; Si: (7.0-9.0) wt%, the ratio of Si: Ni is 2:1, and the balance is Ti and inevitable impurities. The particle size of the powder is controlled in the range of 20-100 μm;2）在钛合金零件表面进行激光熔覆的工艺参数为： 激光功率750-1000W，扫描速度1200～1400mm/s，光斑直径1.3～1.5mm，扫描间距0.8～1.0mm， 粉末流速4～5g/min，熔覆过程采用氩气氛保护。2) The process parameters for laser cladding on the surface of titanium alloy parts are: laser power 750-1000W, scanning speed 1200-1400mm/s, spot diameter 1.3-1.5mm, scanning spacing 0.8-1.0mm, powder flow rate 4-5g/min, and argon atmosphere protection is used during the cladding process.