技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于建筑声学技术领域，具体涉及一种用于评估目标建筑空间的扩声系统扩声性能的评估方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of architectural acoustics, and in particular relates to an evaluation method for evaluating the sound reinforcement performance of a sound reinforcement system in a target building space.
背景技术Background Art
随着建筑技术的发展，特大、特长空间的建设越来越普遍，例如机场候机厅、火车候车厅、大型会展中心、地铁站台等。其空间的某一个或某几个维度往往超出常规房间尺度，达到几十米甚至几百米，形成独特的建筑类型。With the development of architectural technology, the construction of extra-large and extra-long spaces is becoming more and more common, such as airport waiting halls, train waiting halls, large exhibition centers, subway platforms, etc. One or several dimensions of these spaces often exceed the scale of conventional rooms, reaching tens or even hundreds of meters, forming a unique building type.
这类空间往往服务较多的人群，公共广播、声音引导紧急疏散等功能只能依赖扩声系统实现。而此类扩声系统的清晰度不仅取决于扩声系统本身的选型、音箱摆放位置等，还受到建筑空间声场的共同作用，空间的吸声界面设计很大程度上会影响扩声系统的清晰度，而且各个音箱之间也存在互相干扰。因此从声音效果的角度考虑，应该将评价目标确定为“扩声系统-建筑声场”耦合的系统，进行综合性能评估。如何评估这种建筑空间中音箱之间的互相干扰一直是一个难题，一般的评价方法很难综合考虑扩声系统和建筑声学措施两个方面的因素。本专利旨在提出一种适用于目标建筑空间的“扩声-建声”耦合系统的综合性能评估方法。This type of space often serves a large number of people, and functions such as public broadcasting and sound-guided emergency evacuation can only be achieved by relying on the sound reinforcement system. The clarity of this type of sound reinforcement system not only depends on the selection of the sound reinforcement system itself, the placement of the speakers, etc., but is also affected by the joint effect of the sound field of the building space. The design of the sound absorption interface of the space will greatly affect the clarity of the sound reinforcement system, and there is also mutual interference between the speakers. Therefore, from the perspective of sound effects, the evaluation target should be determined as a "sound reinforcement system-building sound field" coupled system for comprehensive performance evaluation. How to evaluate the mutual interference between speakers in this kind of building space has always been a difficult problem. It is difficult for general evaluation methods to comprehensively consider the two aspects of the sound reinforcement system and architectural acoustic measures. This patent aims to propose a comprehensive performance evaluation method for the "sound reinforcement-building acoustics" coupling system suitable for the target building space.
本专利的核心思想在于如何综合衡量音箱之间的干扰和建筑界面的声学特性对于声音效果的共同影响。本专利拟采用空间分区的方法，对每个分区进行单独评价，空间声能的外溢一方面可以衡量音箱的指向性，另一方面也能够衡量建筑声学方案对于这种音箱互相干扰的消除效果。本专利只考虑音箱的直达声和分区内的一次反射声，将空间外溢的声能作为评价对象给出评价值，并最终综合到一起给出总评价。The core idea of this patent is how to comprehensively measure the interference between speakers and the joint influence of the acoustic characteristics of the building interface on the sound effect. This patent intends to use the method of space partitioning to evaluate each partition separately. The spillover of spatial sound energy can measure the directivity of the speaker on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can also measure the effect of the architectural acoustic solution on eliminating the mutual interference of such speakers. This patent only considers the direct sound of the speaker and the first reflected sound in the partition, and gives the evaluation value by taking the sound energy spilled out of the space as the evaluation object, and finally combines them together to give a total evaluation.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提供一种用于评估目标建筑空间的扩声系统扩声性能的评估方法。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide an evaluation method for evaluating the sound reinforcement performance of a sound reinforcement system in a target building space.
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种用于评估目标建筑空间的扩声系统扩声性能的评估方法，包括以下步骤：A method for evaluating the sound reinforcement performance of a sound reinforcement system in a target building space comprises the following steps:
步骤1，首先按照待评估的目标建筑空间的内部形态建立其对应的空间模型；Step 1: First, establish the corresponding space model according to the internal form of the target building space to be evaluated;
所述空间模型，包括按目标建筑空间建立的地面、墙面和屋顶面等界面，并且按照目标建筑空间内部实际建筑设计情况确定各界面的吸声系数；The space model includes interfaces such as ground, wall and roof established according to the target building space, and the sound absorption coefficient of each interface is determined according to the actual architectural design conditions inside the target building space;
步骤2，根据目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案，将步骤1建立的目标建筑空间的空间模型进行分区；Step 2, partitioning the space model of the target building space established in step 1 according to the sound reinforcement system layout plan of the target building space;
步骤2.1：首先，根据待评估的扩声系统布置方案，将步骤1建立的空间模型按照每个扩声器所对应的服务区域进行平面分区，即在空间模型的地面确定一个矩形平面区域；所划分的平面分区的边界线包括地面与墙面间的实际边界线、以及划分的虚拟边界线；Step 2.1: First, according to the layout of the sound reinforcement system to be evaluated, the space model established in step 1 is divided into planes according to the service area corresponding to each loudspeaker, that is, a rectangular plane area is determined on the ground of the space model; the boundary lines of the divided plane partitions include the actual boundary lines between the ground and the wall, and the virtual boundary lines of the divisions;
步骤2.2：按照各平面分区的虚拟边界线垂直向上延伸至屋顶面形成虚拟墙面，从而使每个平面分区的地面、墙面、虚拟墙面和屋顶面围合成独立的六面体分区空间，每个分区空间包含各自的扩声器；将所述虚拟墙面的吸声系数设置为0；Step 2.2: The virtual boundary lines of each plane partition are vertically extended upward to the roof surface to form a virtual wall surface, so that the ground, wall, virtual wall and roof surface of each plane partition are enclosed into an independent hexahedral partition space, and each partition space contains its own loudspeaker; the sound absorption coefficient of the virtual wall surface is set to 0;
步骤3，计算单个分区空间的空间扩声散逸系数；Step 3, calculating the spatial sound amplification dissipation coefficient of a single partition space;
步骤3.1：对于单个分区空间，以其所含的扩声器的几何中心为球心，首先求出单个分区空间的各个界面在该球心处的投影所占的空间角θi，其中，i＝1、2...6，表示单个分区空间所含的6个界面；Step 3.1: For a single partition space, take the geometric center of the loudspeaker contained therein as the sphere center, first calculate the spatial angle θi occupied by the projection of each interface of the single partition space at the sphere center, where i=1, 2...6, representing the 6 interfaces contained in the single partition space;
步骤3.2：然后，根据空间角θi，求出单个分区空间的各界面所占扩声器的声功率Wi；Step 3.2: Then, according to the spatial angle θi , the acoustic power Wi of the loudspeaker occupied by each interface in a single partition space is calculated;
式中，W总为单个分区空间的扩声器的总声功率，为已知值；θ总为单个分区空间的6个界面的空间角的总和；WhereWtotal is the total sound power of the loudspeaker in a single partition space, which is a known value;θtotal is the sum of the spatial angles of the six interfaces in a single partition space;
步骤3.3：然后，计算单个分区空间的各界面的空间扩声散逸声功率WiA；Step 3.3: Then, calculate the spatial sound reinforcement dissipation sound power WiA of each interface of a single partition space;
WiA＝Wi*(1-ai)WiA=Wi *(1-ai )
式中，ai为各界面的吸声系数；Where ai is the sound absorption coefficient of each interface;
步骤3.4：然后，计算单个分区空间的空间扩声散逸总声功率Step 3.4: Then, calculate the total sound power dissipated by the spatial sound reinforcement in a single partition space.
式中，n为单个分区空间的界面的数量，n为6；Where n is the number of interfaces in a single partition space, n is 6;
步骤3.5：最后，计算出单个分区空间的空间扩声散逸系数Step 3.5: Finally, calculate the spatial sound dispersion coefficient of a single partition space
步骤4，计算整个目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案的空间扩声散逸系数β；Step 4, calculating the spatial sound amplification dissipation coefficient β of the sound reinforcement system layout plan of the entire target building space;
式中，为每个分区空间的地面面积，m为目标建筑空间的空间模型所含分区空间的数量。In the formula, is the floor area of each partition space, and m is the number of partition spaces contained in the spatial model of the target building space.
在上述技术方案中，所求得的β越小，则代表扩声器对于其他空间的影响越小，代表目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案的扩声性能越好。In the above technical solution, the smaller the obtained β is, the smaller the impact of the loudspeaker on other spaces is, which means that the sound reinforcement performance of the sound reinforcement system layout solution of the target building space is better.
在上述技术方案中，当目标建筑空间面临多个待选的扩声系统布置方案时，通过本发明的上述评估方法，分别计算出各个待选的扩声系统布置方案的空间扩声散逸系数β，选择其中最小的β值所对应的扩声系统布置方案，作为最优方案。In the above technical solution, when the target building space faces multiple candidate sound reinforcement system layout schemes, the above evaluation method of the present invention is used to calculate the spatial sound reinforcement dissipation coefficient β of each candidate sound reinforcement system layout scheme, and the sound reinforcement system layout scheme corresponding to the smallest β value is selected as the optimal scheme.
本发明的优点和有益效果为：The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:
通过本发明的上述评估方法，可以评估目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案的扩声性能，进而可以指导目标建筑空间确定最优的扩声系统布置方案。即，当目标建筑空间面临多个待选的扩声系统布置方案时，通过本发明的上述评估方法，分别计算出各个待选的扩声系统布置方案的空间扩声散逸系数β，选择其中最小的β值所对应的扩声系统布置方案，作为最优方案。By means of the above evaluation method of the present invention, the sound reinforcement performance of the sound reinforcement system layout scheme of the target building space can be evaluated, and then the target building space can be guided to determine the optimal sound reinforcement system layout scheme. That is, when the target building space faces multiple sound reinforcement system layout schemes to be selected, the above evaluation method of the present invention is used to calculate the spatial sound reinforcement dissipation coefficient β of each sound reinforcement system layout scheme to be selected, and the sound reinforcement system layout scheme corresponding to the smallest β value is selected as the optimal scheme.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是根据待评估的扩声系统布置方案建立的空间模型及平面分区的示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a space model and plane partitions established according to the layout of the sound reinforcement system to be evaluated.
图2是空间模型所含的分区空间的示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the partitioned space contained in the space model.
图3是单个分区空间的各个界面在音箱球心处的投影所占的空间角的示意图。FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the spatial angles occupied by the projections of various interfaces of a single partition space at the center of the sound box.
对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，可以根据以上附图获得其他的相关附图。For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on the above drawings without any creative work.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明方案，下面结合具体实施例进一步说明本发明的技术方案。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
一种用于评估目标建筑空间的扩声系统扩声性能的评估方法，包括以下步骤：A method for evaluating the sound reinforcement performance of a sound reinforcement system in a target building space comprises the following steps:
步骤1，首先按照待评估的目标建筑空间的内部形态建立其对应的空间模型。Step 1: First, establish the corresponding space model according to the internal form of the target building space to be evaluated.
所述空间模型，包括按目标建筑空间建立的地面、墙面和屋顶面等界面，并且按照目标建筑空间内部实际建筑设计情况确定各界面的吸声系数(可取降噪系数作为吸声系数的单值评价量)。The space model includes interfaces such as ground, wall and roof established according to the target building space, and the sound absorption coefficient of each interface is determined according to the actual architectural design situation inside the target building space (the noise reduction coefficient can be taken as a single-value evaluation quantity of the sound absorption coefficient).
步骤2，根据目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案，将步骤1建立的目标建筑空间的空间模型进行分区。Step 2: partition the space model of the target building space established in step 1 according to the sound reinforcement system layout plan of the target building space.
具体的讲，扩声系统布置方案会包括多个扩声器(音箱)，以覆盖和服务整个目标建筑空间。参见附图1，首先，根据待评估的扩声系统布置方案，将步骤1建立的空间模型按照每个扩声器所对应的服务区域进行平面分区，即在空间模型的地面确定一个矩形平面区域；所划分的平面分区的边界线会包括地面与墙面间的实际边界线、以及划分的虚拟边界线。Specifically, the sound reinforcement system layout plan will include multiple loudspeakers (speakers) to cover and serve the entire target building space. Referring to Figure 1, first, according to the sound reinforcement system layout plan to be evaluated, the space model established in step 1 is plane-partitioned according to the service area corresponding to each loudspeaker, that is, a rectangular plane area is determined on the ground of the space model; the boundary lines of the plane partitions divided include the actual boundary line between the ground and the wall, and the virtual boundary line of the division.
然后，参见附图2，按照各平面分区的虚拟边界线垂直向上延伸至屋顶面形成虚拟墙面，从而使每个平面分区的地面、墙面、虚拟墙面和屋顶面围合成独立的六面体分区空间，每个分区空间包含各自的扩声器；将所述虚拟墙面的吸声系数设置为0。Then, referring to FIG. 2 , virtual walls are formed by vertically extending the virtual boundary lines of each plane partition upward to the roof surface, so that the ground, wall, virtual wall and roof surface of each plane partition are enclosed into an independent hexahedral partition space, and each partition space contains its own loudspeaker; the sound absorption coefficient of the virtual wall is set to 0.
步骤3，计算单个分区空间的空间扩声散逸系数。Step 3, calculate the spatial sound reinforcement dissipation coefficient of a single partition space.
具体的讲，参见附图3，对于单个分区空间，以其所含的扩声器的几何中心为球心，首先求出单个分区空间的各个界面在该球心处的投影所占的空间角θi，其中，i＝1、2...6，表示单个分区空间所含的6个界面；然后，根据空间角θi，求出单个分区空间的各界面(包括地面、墙面、虚拟墙面和屋顶面)所占扩声器的声功率Wi；Specifically, referring to FIG3 , for a single partitioned space, the geometric center of the loudspeaker contained therein is taken as the sphere center, and firstly, the space angle θi occupied by the projection of each interface of the single partitioned space at the sphere center is calculated, wherein i=1, 2...6, representing the 6 interfaces contained in the single partitioned space; then, according to the space angle θi , the sound power Wi of the loudspeaker occupied by each interface (including the ground, wall, virtual wall and roof) of the single partitioned space is calculated;
式中，W总为单个分区空间的扩声器的总声功率，为已知值；θ总为单个分区空间的6个界面的空间角的总和。WhereWtotal is the total sound power of the loudspeaker in a single partitioned space, which is a known value;θtotal is the sum of the spatial angles of the six interfaces in a single partitioned space.
然后，计算单个分区空间的各界面的空间扩声散逸声功率WiA；Then, calculate the spatial sound reinforcement dissipation sound power WiA of each interface of a single partition space;
WiA＝Wi*(1-ai)WiA=Wi *(1-ai )
式中，ai为各界面的吸声系数。Whereai is the sound absorption coefficient of each interface.
然后，计算单个分区空间的空间扩声散逸总声功率Then, calculate the total sound power dissipated by the spatial sound reinforcement in a single partition space
式中，n为单个分区空间的界面的数量，n为6。Where n is the number of interfaces in a single partition space, and n is 6.
最后，计算出单个分区空间的空间扩声散逸系数Finally, the spatial sound dispersion coefficient of a single partition space is calculated
步骤4，计算整个目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案的空间扩声散逸系数β。Step 4, calculate the spatial sound reinforcement dissipation coefficient β of the sound reinforcement system layout plan of the entire target building space.
整个目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案的空间扩声散逸系数计算公式如下：The calculation formula for the spatial sound reinforcement dissipation coefficient of the sound reinforcement system layout plan of the entire target building space is as follows:
式中，为每个分区空间的地面面积，m为目标建筑空间的空间模型所含分区空间的数量。In the formula, is the floor area of each partition space, and m is the number of partition spaces contained in the spatial model of the target building space.
所求得的β越小，则说明扩声器对于其他空间的影响越小，代表目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案的扩声性能越好。The smaller the obtained β is, the smaller the impact of the loudspeaker on other spaces is, which means that the sound reinforcement performance of the sound reinforcement system layout plan for the target building space is better.
通过本发明的上述评估方法，可以评估目标建筑空间的扩声系统布置方案的扩声性能，进而可以指导目标建筑空间确定最优的扩声系统布置方案。即，当目标建筑空间面临多个待选的扩声系统布置方案时，通过本发明的上述评估方法，分别计算出各个待选的扩声系统布置方案的空间扩声散逸系数β，选择其中最小的β值所对应的扩声系统布置方案，作为最优方案。By means of the above evaluation method of the present invention, the sound reinforcement performance of the sound reinforcement system layout scheme of the target building space can be evaluated, and then the target building space can be guided to determine the optimal sound reinforcement system layout scheme. That is, when the target building space faces multiple sound reinforcement system layout schemes to be selected, the above evaluation method of the present invention is used to calculate the spatial sound reinforcement dissipation coefficient β of each sound reinforcement system layout scheme to be selected, and the sound reinforcement system layout scheme corresponding to the smallest β value is selected as the optimal scheme.
以上对本发明做了示例性的描述，应该说明的是，在不脱离本发明的核心的情况下，任何简单的变形、修改或者其他本领域技术人员能够不花费创造性劳动的等同替换均落入本发明的保护范围。The present invention is described above by way of example. It should be noted that, without departing from the core of the present invention, any simple deformation, modification or other equivalent replacement that can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive labor falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN202410590807.9ACN118540644B (en) | 2024-05-13 | 2024-05-13 | Evaluation method for evaluating the sound reinforcement performance of a sound reinforcement system in a target building space |
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| CN119155616A (en)* | 2024-11-20 | 2024-12-17 | 杭州艾力特数字科技有限公司 | Space-based sound amplifying system control method, device and storage medium |
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN118540644B (en) | 2025-09-02 |
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