技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及医疗器械技术领域，特别涉及一种用于VAD测试及培训教学的数字模拟人体循环系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to a digital simulation human circulatory system for VAD testing and training teaching.
背景技术Background Art
心室辅助装置（Ventricular Assist Device，简称VAD）用于辅助心脏泵血功能，改善心脏衰竭患者的生活质量和延长生存期，良好的体外测试设备不仅能够对设备性能进行总结分析，还可以将临床无法通过实验验证的情景进行模拟，为临床手术和术后护理积累宝贵的经验，有利于临床的开展和患者生命安全的维护。同时可以用于对个中心医护人员的培训和教学工作，有利于熟悉手术流程、应对临床突发情况，并能够提前了解产品原理、使用方法以及注意事项等。Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) is used to assist the heart's pumping function, improve the quality of life of patients with heart failure and prolong their survival. Good in vitro testing equipment can not only summarize and analyze the performance of the equipment, but also simulate scenarios that cannot be verified by clinical experiments, accumulate valuable experience for clinical surgery and postoperative care, and facilitate clinical development and the maintenance of patient life safety. At the same time, it can be used for training and teaching of medical staff in individual centers, which is conducive to familiarizing themselves with the surgical process, responding to clinical emergencies, and being able to understand the product principles, usage methods, and precautions in advance.
目前我国VAD体外测试设备近几年发展较为迅速，但仍处于初期阶段，与实际人体生理状态相差较远，无法模拟真实的使用环境，更无法模拟VAD实际应用过程中所遇到的问题，无法对临床应用提供技术支持。At present, my country's VAD in vitro testing equipment has developed rapidly in recent years, but it is still in the early stages. It is far from the actual physiological state of the human body, cannot simulate the real usage environment, and cannot simulate the problems encountered in the actual application of VAD, and cannot provide technical support for clinical applications.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于VAD测试及培训教学的数字模拟人体循环系统，以模拟实际的人体生理状态以及真实的使用环境，改善测试效果，为临床应用提供技术支持。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a digital simulation human circulatory system for VAD testing and training teaching, so as to simulate the actual human physiological state and the real use environment, improve the test effect, and provide technical support for clinical application.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种用于VAD测试及培训教学的数字模拟人体循环系统，包括：A digital simulation human circulatory system for VAD testing and training teaching, comprising:
集成模拟心脏模块，包括人体左心模拟组件模块、人体右心模拟组件模块、房间隔模拟装置以及室间隔模拟装置，所述人体左心模拟组件模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联的左心房模拟组件、二尖瓣模拟组件、左心室模拟组件以及主动脉瓣模拟组件，所述人体右心模拟组件模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联的右心房模拟组件、三尖瓣模拟组件、右心室模拟组件以及肺动脉瓣模拟组件，所述左心房模拟组件、所述左心室模拟组件、所述右心房模拟组件以及所述右心室模拟组件用于模拟心脏的收缩和舒张过程，所述左心房模拟组件的出口与所述右心房模拟组件的出口之间连接所述房间隔模拟装置，所述左心室模拟组件的出口与所述右心室模拟组件的出口之间连接所述室间隔模拟装置；An integrated simulated heart module comprises a human left heart simulation component module, a human right heart simulation component module, an atrial septum simulation device and a ventricular septum simulation device, wherein the human left heart simulation component module comprises a left atrium simulation component, a mitral valve simulation component, a left ventricle simulation component and an aortic valve simulation component which are sequentially connected in series along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid, and the human right heart simulation component module comprises a right atrium simulation component, a tricuspid valve simulation component, a right ventricle simulation component and a pulmonary valve simulation component which are sequentially connected in series along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid, wherein the left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component and the right ventricle simulation component are used to simulate the contraction and relaxation process of the heart, wherein the atrial septum simulation device is connected between the outlet of the left atrium simulation component and the outlet of the right atrium simulation component, and the ventricular septum simulation device is connected between the outlet of the left ventricle simulation component and the outlet of the right ventricle simulation component;
肺循环模拟模块，包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联于所述人体右心模拟组件模块的出口端与所述人体左心模拟组件模块的进口端的肺动脉模拟组件以及肺静脉模拟组件，所述肺动脉模拟组件用于模拟肺动脉顺应性，所述肺静脉模拟组件用于模拟肺静脉顺应性；A pulmonary circulation simulation module, comprising a pulmonary artery simulation component and a pulmonary vein simulation component, which are sequentially connected in series to the outlet end of the human right heart simulation component module and the inlet end of the human left heart simulation component module along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid, wherein the pulmonary artery simulation component is used to simulate the compliance of the pulmonary artery, and the pulmonary vein simulation component is used to simulate the compliance of the pulmonary vein;
体循环模拟模块，包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联于所述人体左心模拟组件模块的出口端与所述人体右心模拟组件模块的进口端的主动脉模拟组件以及体静脉模拟组件，所述主动脉模拟组件用于模拟主动脉顺应性，所述体静脉模拟组件用于模拟体静脉顺应性；A systemic circulation simulation module, comprising an aorta simulation component and a body vein simulation component, which are sequentially connected in series to the outlet end of the human left heart simulation component module and the inlet end of the human right heart simulation component module along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid, wherein the aorta simulation component is used to simulate aortic compliance, and the body vein simulation component is used to simulate body vein compliance;
所述左心房模拟组件、所述左心室模拟组件、所述右心房模拟组件、所述右心室模拟组件、所述肺动脉模拟组件以及所述主动脉模拟组件分别设置用于与液压流体驱动装置连接的接口。The left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component, the right ventricle simulation component, the pulmonary artery simulation component and the aorta simulation component are respectively provided with interfaces for connection with a hydraulic fluid driving device.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述左心房模拟组件、所述左心室模拟组件、所述右心房模拟组件以及所述右心室模拟组件包括：In one embodiment of the present application, the left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component and the right ventricle simulation component include:
心囊构件，所述心囊构件内设置有可动的心囊密封隔离件，所述心囊密封隔离件将所述心囊构件的内腔分隔为房室腔和封闭腔，所述房室腔具有入口和出口，所述房室腔的入口用于供液压流体流入所述房室腔，所述房室腔的出口用于供液压流体流出所述房室腔；A heart capsule component, wherein a movable heart capsule sealing spacer is arranged in the heart capsule component, wherein the heart capsule sealing spacer divides the inner cavity of the heart capsule component into an atrioventricular cavity and a closed cavity, wherein the atrioventricular cavity has an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the atrioventricular cavity is used for hydraulic fluid to flow into the atrioventricular cavity, and the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity is used for hydraulic fluid to flow out of the atrioventricular cavity;
压力调节机构，用于调节所述封闭腔内的压力，以驱动所述心囊密封隔离件扩大或缩小所述房室腔的容积，模拟心脏的收缩和舒张过程。The pressure regulating mechanism is used to regulate the pressure in the closed cavity to drive the pericardial sealing isolation member to expand or reduce the volume of the atrioventricular cavity to simulate the contraction and relaxation process of the heart.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述压力调节机构包括：In one embodiment of the present application, the pressure regulating mechanism includes:
压力传感器，所述压力传感器用于检测所述房室腔内的压力；A pressure sensor, the pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure in the chamber;
位移传感器，所述位移传感器用于检测所述封闭腔或所述房室腔的容积变化；A displacement sensor, the displacement sensor is used to detect the volume change of the closed cavity or the chamber cavity;
气压驱动装置，所述气压驱动装置通过方向比例阀与所述封闭腔连接，所述方向比例阀用于根据所述压力传感器以及所述位移传感器的检测值动作以调整所述房室腔内的压力以及所述气压驱动装置的搏动频率。A pneumatic drive device is connected to the closed cavity via a directional proportional valve, and the directional proportional valve is used to operate according to the detection values of the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor to adjust the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity and the pulsation frequency of the pneumatic drive device.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述接口设置于所述房室腔，所述接口连接有进口控制阀。In one embodiment of the present application, the interface is arranged in the chamber cavity, and the interface is connected to an inlet control valve.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述房室腔设置有排水口，所述排水口连接有出口控制阀。In one embodiment of the present application, the chamber cavity is provided with a drain outlet, and the drain outlet is connected to an outlet control valve.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述左心房模拟组件以及所述右心房模拟组件的房室腔的入口连接有入口单向阀，所述入口单向阀用于阻止所述左心房模拟组件以及所述右心房模拟组件的房室腔内的液压流体经所述左心房模拟组件以及所述右心房模拟组件的房室腔的入口流出。In one embodiment of the present application, the inlets of the atrioventricular cavities of the left atrium simulation component and the right atrium simulation component are connected to inlet check valves, and the inlet check valves are used to prevent the hydraulic fluid in the atrioventricular cavities of the left atrium simulation component and the right atrium simulation component from flowing out through the inlets of the atrioventricular cavities of the left atrium simulation component and the right atrium simulation component.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述二尖瓣模拟组件、所述主动脉瓣模拟组件、所述三尖瓣模拟组件以及所述肺动脉瓣模拟组件包括狭窄调节阀、关闭不全调节阀以及出口单向阀，所述狭窄调节阀和所述出口单向阀串联，所述狭窄调节阀和所述出口单向阀串联构成的整体与所述关闭不全调节阀并联，以通过调整狭窄调节阀以及关闭不全调节阀的工作状态模拟正常状态、狭窄状态以及关闭不全状态。In one embodiment of the present application, the mitral valve simulation component, the aortic valve simulation component, the tricuspid valve simulation component and the pulmonary valve simulation component include a stenosis regulating valve, an incomplete closure regulating valve and an outlet check valve. The stenosis regulating valve and the outlet check valve are connected in series, and the stenosis regulating valve and the outlet check valve are connected in series to form a whole connected in parallel with the incomplete closure regulating valve, so as to simulate a normal state, a stenosis state and an incomplete closure state by adjusting the working states of the stenosis regulating valve and the incomplete closure regulating valve.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述入口单向阀以及所述出口单向阀为硅胶单向阀。In one embodiment of the present application, the inlet one-way valve and the outlet one-way valve are silicone one-way valves.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述房间隔模拟装置包括第一腔室，所述第一腔室内设置有可动的房间隔密封隔离件，所述房间隔密封隔离件将所述第一腔室分隔为相互独立的第一工作腔以及第二工作腔，所述第一工作腔与所述左心房模拟组件的心囊构件的房室腔的出口连通，所述第二工作腔与所述右心房模拟组件的心囊构件的房室腔的出口连通；In one embodiment of the present application, the atrial septum simulation device includes a first chamber, wherein a movable atrial septum sealing isolation piece is disposed in the first chamber, wherein the atrial septum sealing isolation piece separates the first chamber into a first working chamber and a second working chamber which are independent of each other, wherein the first working chamber is communicated with the outlet of the atrioventricular chamber of the cardiac capsule component of the left atrium simulation component, and the second working chamber is communicated with the outlet of the atrioventricular chamber of the cardiac capsule component of the right atrium simulation component;
所述室间隔模拟装置包括第二腔室，所述第二腔室内设置有可动的室间隔密封隔离件，所述室间隔密封隔离件将所述第二腔室分隔为相互独立的第三工作腔以及第四工作腔，所述第三工作腔与所述左心室模拟组件的心囊构件的房室腔的出口连通，所述第四工作腔与所述右心室模拟组件的心囊构件的房室腔的出口连通。The ventricular septum simulation device includes a second chamber, in which a movable ventricular septum sealing isolation piece is arranged, and the ventricular septum sealing isolation piece divides the second chamber into a third working chamber and a fourth working chamber which are independent of each other. The third working chamber is connected to the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the cardiac sac component of the left ventricle simulation component, and the fourth working chamber is connected to the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the cardiac sac component of the right ventricle simulation component.
在本申请一种实施例中，还包括第一换向阀以及第二换向阀，所述第一换向阀的第一阀口以及第二阀口串联于所述人体左心模拟组件模块的进口端与所述肺静脉模拟组件的出口端之间，所述第二换向阀的第一阀口以及第二阀口串联于所述人体右心模拟组件模块的进口端与所述体静脉模拟组件的出口端之间，所述第一换向阀的第三阀口与所述第二换向阀的第三阀口连通。In one embodiment of the present application, it also includes a first reversing valve and a second reversing valve, the first valve port and the second valve port of the first reversing valve are connected in series between the inlet end of the human left heart simulation component module and the outlet end of the pulmonary vein simulation component, the first valve port and the second valve port of the second reversing valve are connected in series between the inlet end of the human right heart simulation component module and the outlet end of the pulmonary vein simulation component, and the third valve port of the first reversing valve is connected to the third valve port of the second reversing valve.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述肺循环模拟模块还包括串联于所述肺动脉模拟组件与所述肺静脉模拟组件之间的第一流量传感器以及第一阻性调节阀，所述体循环模拟模块还包括串联于所述主动脉模拟组件与所述体静脉模拟组件之间的第二流量传感器以及第二阻性调节阀。In one embodiment of the present application, the pulmonary circulation simulation module also includes a first flow sensor and a first resistive regulating valve connected in series between the pulmonary artery simulation component and the pulmonary vein simulation component, and the systemic circulation simulation module also includes a second flow sensor and a second resistive regulating valve connected in series between the aorta simulation component and the systemic vein simulation component.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述肺动脉模拟组件以及所述主动脉模拟组件包括容性调节装置，所述容性调节装置包括容性可调容器以及调节驱动装置，所述容性可调容器的容积可调，所述调节驱动装置与所述容性可调容器传动配合，以调节所述容性可调容器的容积。In one embodiment of the present application, the pulmonary artery simulation component and the aorta simulation component include a capacitive adjustment device, which includes an adjustable capacitive container and an adjustment drive device. The volume of the adjustable capacitive container is adjustable, and the adjustment drive device cooperates with the adjustable capacitive container to adjust the volume of the adjustable capacitive container.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述容性可调容器为动脉模拟波纹管，所述调节驱动装置包括直线驱动机构以及夹持机构，所述夹持机构夹持于所述动脉模拟波纹管的一端，所述直线驱动机构与所述夹持机构传动连接，以通过所述夹持机构驱动所述动脉模拟波纹管伸缩。In one embodiment of the present application, the capacitively adjustable container is an arterial simulation bellows, and the adjustment drive device includes a linear drive mechanism and a clamping mechanism. The clamping mechanism is clamped at one end of the arterial simulation bellows, and the linear drive mechanism is transmission-connected to the clamping mechanism to drive the arterial simulation bellows to expand and contract through the clamping mechanism.
在本申请一种实施例中，所述直线驱动机构包括：In one embodiment of the present application, the linear drive mechanism includes:
旋转电机；Rotating electrical machines;
同步带传动机构，包括主动带轮、从动带轮以及同步带，所述主动带轮设置于所述旋转电机的输出端，所述同步带分别与所述主动带轮以及所述从动带轮传动连接；A synchronous belt transmission mechanism, comprising a driving pulley, a driven pulley and a synchronous belt, wherein the driving pulley is arranged at the output end of the rotating motor, and the synchronous belt is respectively connected to the driving pulley and the driven pulley in a driving manner;
驱动杆，所述驱动杆连接于所述同步带，所述驱动杆的一端与所述夹持机构连接。A driving rod is connected to the synchronous belt, and one end of the driving rod is connected to the clamping mechanism.
由以上技术方案可以看出，本发明中公开了一种用于VAD测试及培训教学的数字模拟人体循环系统，该数字模拟人体循环系统包括集成模拟心脏模块、肺循环模拟模块以及体循环模拟模块，其中，集成模拟心脏模块包括人体左心模拟组件模块、人体右心模拟组件模块、房间隔模拟装置以及室间隔模拟装置，人体左心模拟组件模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联的左心房模拟组件、二尖瓣模拟组件、左心室模拟组件以及主动脉瓣模拟组件，人体右心模拟组件模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联的右心房模拟组件、三尖瓣模拟组件、右心室模拟组件以及肺动脉瓣模拟组件，左心房模拟组件、左心室模拟组件、右心房模拟组件以及右心室模拟组件用于模拟心脏的收缩和舒张过程，左心房模拟组件的出口与右心房模拟组件的出口之间连接房间隔模拟装置，左心室模拟组件的出口与右心室模拟组件的出口之间连接室间隔模拟装置。It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the present invention discloses a digital simulation human circulatory system for VAD testing and training teaching, which includes an integrated simulation heart module, a pulmonary circulation simulation module and a systemic circulation simulation module, wherein the integrated simulation heart module includes a human left heart simulation component module, a human right heart simulation component module, an atrial septum simulation device and a ventricular septum simulation device, the human left heart simulation component module includes a left atrium simulation component, a mitral valve simulation component, a left ventricle simulation component and an aortic valve simulation component sequentially connected in series along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid, the human right heart simulation component module includes a right atrium simulation component, a tricuspid valve simulation component, a right ventricle simulation component and a pulmonary valve simulation component sequentially connected in series along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid, the left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component and the right ventricle simulation component are used to simulate the contraction and relaxation process of the heart, the atrial septum simulation device is connected between the outlet of the left atrium simulation component and the outlet of the right atrium simulation component, and the ventricular septum simulation device is connected between the outlet of the left ventricle simulation component and the outlet of the right ventricle simulation component.
肺循环模拟模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联于人体右心模拟组件模块的出口端与人体左心模拟组件模块的进口端的肺动脉模拟组件以及肺静脉模拟组件，肺动脉模拟组件用于模拟肺动脉顺应性，肺静脉模拟组件用于模拟肺静脉顺应性，体循环模拟模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联于人体左心模拟组件模块的出口端与人体右心模拟组件模块的进口端的主动脉模拟组件以及体静脉模拟组件，主动脉模拟组件用于模拟主动脉顺应性，体静脉模拟组件用于模拟体静脉顺应性；左心房模拟组件、左心室模拟组件、右心房模拟组件、右心室模拟组件、肺动脉模拟组件以及主动脉模拟组件分别设置用于与液压流体驱动装置连接的接口。The pulmonary circulation simulation module includes a pulmonary artery simulation component and a pulmonary vein simulation component which are sequentially connected in series along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid to the outlet end of the human right heart simulation component module and the inlet end of the human left heart simulation component module, the pulmonary artery simulation component is used to simulate the compliance of the pulmonary artery, and the pulmonary vein simulation component is used to simulate the compliance of the pulmonary vein. The systemic circulation simulation module includes an aorta simulation component and a systemic vein simulation component which are sequentially connected in series along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid to the outlet end of the human left heart simulation component module and the inlet end of the human right heart simulation component module, the aorta simulation component is used to simulate the compliance of the aorta, and the systemic vein simulation component is used to simulate the compliance of the systemic vein. The left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component, the right ventricle simulation component, the pulmonary artery simulation component and the aorta simulation component are respectively provided with interfaces for connecting to the hydraulic fluid drive device.
上述数字模拟人体循环系统中通过左心房模拟组件、左心室模拟组件、右心房模拟组件以及右心室模拟组件模拟心脏的收缩和舒张过程，房间隔模拟装置以及室间隔模拟装置可以模拟液压流体驱动装置植入后左心以及右心的平衡状态，便于调节液压流体驱动装置的输出流量，二尖瓣模拟组件、主动脉瓣模拟组件、三尖瓣模拟组件以及肺动脉瓣模拟组件可以模拟心脏的各个瓣膜，肺动脉模拟组件、肺静脉模拟组件、主动脉模拟组件以及体静脉模拟组件可以模拟动静脉大血管，因此上述数字模拟人体循环系统能够充分模拟实际的人体生理状况、完整的心脏结构和血液循环方式，更贴合实际的瓣膜、心房、心室、动静脉大血管的工作状态，改善VAD体外测试设备的测试效果，更好地为临床应用提供技术支持。The above-mentioned digital simulation human circulatory system simulates the contraction and relaxation process of the heart through the left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component and the right ventricle simulation component. The atrial septum simulation device and the ventricular septum simulation device can simulate the balance state of the left heart and the right heart after the implantation of the hydraulic fluid drive device, so as to facilitate the adjustment of the output flow of the hydraulic fluid drive device. The mitral valve simulation component, the aortic valve simulation component, the tricuspid valve simulation component and the pulmonary valve simulation component can simulate the various valves of the heart. The pulmonary artery simulation component, the pulmonary vein simulation component, the aorta simulation component and the systemic vein simulation component can simulate the large blood vessels such as arteries and veins. Therefore, the above-mentioned digital simulation human circulatory system can fully simulate the actual human physiological condition, the complete heart structure and the blood circulation mode, and is more in line with the actual working state of the valves, atria, ventricles, arteries and veins, improves the test effect of the VAD in vitro test equipment, and better provides technical support for clinical applications.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
图1为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统的结构示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a digital simulation human circulatory system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统中的集成模拟心脏模块的结构示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an integrated simulated heart module in a digital simulated human circulatory system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统的原理示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a digital simulation human circulatory system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统的肺动脉容性调节装置的主视图；FIG4 is a front view of a pulmonary artery capacity regulating device for digitally simulating a human circulatory system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统的肺动脉容性调节装置的侧视图；FIG5 is a side view of a pulmonary artery capacity regulating device for digitally simulating a human circulatory system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统的入口单向阀的结构示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an inlet one-way valve of a digital simulation human circulatory system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统的入口单向阀的局部剖视图。FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of an inlet one-way valve of a digital simulation human circulatory system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
图中：In the figure:
1为集成模拟心脏模块；101为左心房心囊构件；102为二尖瓣模拟组件；1021为二尖瓣出口单向阀；1022为二尖瓣狭窄调节阀；1023为二尖瓣关闭不全调节阀；103为左心室心囊构件；104为主动脉瓣模拟组件；1041为主动脉瓣出口单向阀；1042为主动脉瓣狭窄调节阀；1043为主动脉瓣关闭不全调节阀；105为右心房心囊构件；106为三尖瓣模拟组件；1061为三尖瓣出口单向阀；1062为三尖瓣狭窄调节阀；1063为三尖瓣关闭不全调节阀；107为右心室心囊构件；108为肺动脉瓣模拟组件；1081为肺动脉瓣出口单向阀；1082为肺动脉瓣狭窄调节阀；1083为肺动脉瓣关闭不全调节阀；109为肺静脉接口；110为主动脉接口；111为体静脉接口；112为肺动脉接口；113为房间隔模拟装置；114为室间隔模拟装置；115a为第一接口；115b为第二接口；115c为第三接口；115d为第四接口；116a为左心房进口控制阀；116b为左心室进口控制阀；116c为右心房进口控制阀；116d为右心室进口控制阀；117a为左心房出口控制阀；117b为左心室出口控制阀；117c为右心房出口控制阀；117d为右心室出口控制阀；118a为左心房压力调节机构；118a1为第一压力传感器；118a2为第一位移传感器；118a3为第一方向比例阀；118b为左心室压力调节机构；118b1为第二压力传感器；118b2为第二位移传感器；118b3为第二方向比例阀；118c为右心房压力调节机构；118c1为第三压力传感器；118c2为第三位移传感器；118c3为第三方向比例阀；118d为右心室压力调节机构；118d1为第四压力传感器；118d2为第四位移传感器；118d3为第四方向比例阀；119为左心房入口单向阀；120为右心房入口单向阀；2为肺动脉模拟管路；3为肺动脉模拟组件；301为旋转电机；302为从动带轮；303为压紧轮；304为同步带；305为驱动杆；306为导轨；307为肺动脉管夹持机构；308为肺动脉模拟波纹管；4为第一阻性调节阀；5为体静脉模拟组件；6为肺静脉模拟组件；7为第二阻性调节阀；8为第二换向阀；9为第一换向阀；10为主动脉模拟组件；11为主动脉模拟管路；12为主动脉外接接口；13为肺动脉外接接口；14为第二流量传感器；15为第一流量传感器；16为硅胶单向阀；1601为阀体基座；1602为弹性阀片；17为基座台面；18为主动脉压力传感器；19为肺动脉压力传感器。1 is an integrated simulated heart module; 101 is a left atrium capsule component; 102 is a mitral valve simulation component; 1021 is a mitral valve outlet check valve; 1022 is a mitral valve stenosis regulating valve; 1023 is a mitral valve regurgitation regulating valve; 103 is a left ventricular capsule component; 104 is an aortic valve simulation component; 1041 is an aortic valve outlet check valve; 1042 is an aortic valve stenosis regulating valve; 1043 is an aortic valve regurgitation regulating valve; 105 is a right atrium capsule component; 106 is a tricuspid valve simulation component; 1061 is a tricuspid valve outlet check valve; 1062 is a tricuspid valve stenosis regulating valve; 1063 is a tricuspid valve regurgitation regulating valve; 107 is a right ventricular capsule component; 108 is a pulmonary valve simulation component; 1081 is a pulmonary valve outlet check valve; 1082 is a pulmonary valve stenosis regulating valve; 1083 is a pulmonary valve insufficiency regulating valve; 109 is a pulmonary vein interface; 110 is an aorta interface; 111 is a systemic vein interface; 112 is a pulmonary artery interface; 113 is an atrial septum simulation device; 114 is a ventricular septum simulation device; 115a is a first interface; 115b is a second interface; 115c is a third interface; 115d is a fourth interface; 116a is a left atrium inlet control valve; 116b is a left ventricle inlet control valve; 116c is a right atrium inlet control valve; 116d is a right ventricle inlet control valve; 117a is a left atrium outlet control valve; 117b is a left ventricle outlet control valve; 117c is a right atrium outlet control valve; 117d is a right ventricle outlet control valve; 118a is a left atrium pressure regulating valve Mechanism; 118a1 is the first pressure sensor; 118a2 is the first displacement sensor; 118a3 is the first direction proportional valve; 118b is the left ventricular pressure regulating mechanism; 118b1 is the second pressure sensor; 118b2 is the second displacement sensor; 118b3 is the second direction proportional valve; 118c is the right atrium pressure regulating mechanism; 118c1 is the third pressure sensor; 118c2 is the third displacement sensor; 118c3 is the third direction proportional valve; 118d is the right ventricular pressure regulating mechanism; 118d1 is the fourth pressure sensor; 118d2 is the fourth displacement sensor; 118d3 is the fourth direction proportional valve; 119 is the left atrium inlet check valve; 120 is the right atrium inlet check valve; 2 is the pulmonary artery simulation pipeline; 3 is the pulmonary artery simulation group Components; 301 is a rotating motor; 302 is a driven pulley; 303 is a clamping wheel; 304 is a synchronous belt; 305 is a driving rod; 306 is a guide rail; 307 is a pulmonary artery tube clamping mechanism; 308 is a pulmonary artery simulation bellows; 4 is a first resistive regulating valve; 5 is a body vein simulation component; 6 is a pulmonary vein simulation component; 7 is a second resistive regulating valve; 8 is a second reversing valve; 9 is a first reversing valve; 10 is an aorta simulation component; 11 is an aorta simulation pipeline; 12 is an aorta external interface; 13 is a pulmonary artery external interface; 14 is a second flow sensor; 15 is a first flow sensor; 16 is a silicone one-way valve; 1601 is a valve body base; 1602 is an elastic valve sheet; 17 is a base table; 18 is an aorta pressure sensor; 19 is a pulmonary artery pressure sensor.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
本发明的核心是提供一种用于VAD测试及培训教学的数字模拟人体循环系统，该用于VAD测试及培训教学的数字模拟人体循环系统的结构设计使其能够模拟实际的人体生理状态以及真实的使用环境，改善测试效果，为临床应用提供技术支持。The core of the present invention is to provide a digital simulation human circulatory system for VAD testing and training teaching. The structural design of the digital simulation human circulatory system for VAD testing and training teaching enables it to simulate the actual human physiological state and the real usage environment, improve the test effect, and provide technical support for clinical applications.
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
请参阅图1至图3，图1为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统的结构示意图，图2为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统中的集成模拟心脏模块的结构示意图，图3为本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统的原理示意图。Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a digital simulation human circulatory system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of an integrated simulated heart module in the digital simulation human circulatory system provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and Figure 3 is a principle schematic diagram of a digital simulation human circulatory system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
本发明实施例中公开了一种用于VAD测试及培训教学的数字模拟人体循环系统，该数字模拟人体循环系统包括集成模拟心脏模块1、肺循环模拟模块以及体循环模拟模块。The embodiment of the present invention discloses a digital simulation human circulatory system for VAD testing and training teaching, wherein the digital simulation human circulatory system comprises an integrated simulation heart module 1, a pulmonary circulation simulation module and a systemic circulation simulation module.
其中，集成模拟心脏模块1包括人体左心模拟组件模块、人体右心模拟组件模块、房间隔模拟装置113以及室间隔模拟装置114，人体左心模拟组件模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联的左心房模拟组件、二尖瓣模拟组件102、左心室模拟组件以及主动脉瓣模拟组件104，人体右心模拟组件模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联的右心房模拟组件、三尖瓣模拟组件106、右心室模拟组件以及肺动脉瓣模拟组件108，左心房模拟组件、左心室模拟组件、右心房模拟组件以及右心室模拟组件用于模拟心脏的收缩和舒张过程，二尖瓣模拟组件102、主动脉瓣模拟组件104、三尖瓣模拟组件106以及肺动脉瓣模拟组件108至少包括一个单向导通装置。左心房模拟组件的出口与右心房模拟组件的出口之间连接房间隔模拟装置113，左心室模拟组件的出口与右心室模拟组件的出口之间连接室间隔模拟装置114，房间隔模拟装置113以及室间隔模拟装置114中的房间隔密封隔离件或室间隔密封隔离件的运动方向可以判断各腔室间的平衡，从而能够做到指导调整液压流体驱动装置（即待测试的血泵）和辅助流量。Among them, the integrated simulated heart module 1 includes a human left heart simulation component module, a human right heart simulation component module, an atrial septum simulation device 113 and a ventricular septum simulation device 114. The human left heart simulation component module includes a left atrium simulation component, a mitral valve simulation component 102, a left ventricle simulation component and an aortic valve simulation component 104 connected in series in the direction of hydraulic fluid flow. The human right heart simulation component module includes a right atrium simulation component, a tricuspid valve simulation component 106, a right ventricle simulation component and a pulmonary valve simulation component 108 connected in series in the direction of hydraulic fluid flow. The left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component and the right ventricle simulation component are used to simulate the contraction and relaxation process of the heart. The mitral valve simulation component 102, the aortic valve simulation component 104, the tricuspid valve simulation component 106 and the pulmonary valve simulation component 108 include at least one unidirectional conduction device. The outlet of the left atrial simulation component and the outlet of the right atrial simulation component are connected to the atrial septum simulation device 113, and the outlet of the left ventricle simulation component and the outlet of the right ventricle simulation component are connected to the ventricular septum simulation device 114. The movement direction of the atrial septum sealing isolation piece or the ventricular septum sealing isolation piece in the atrial septum simulation device 113 and the ventricular septum simulation device 114 can determine the balance between the chambers, thereby guiding the adjustment of the hydraulic fluid drive device (i.e., the blood pump to be tested) and the auxiliary flow.
集成模拟心脏模块1设置有用于与主动脉模拟组件10连接的主动脉模拟管路11连接的主动脉接口110、用于与肺动脉模拟组件3的肺动脉模拟管路2连接的肺动脉接口112、用于与肺静脉模拟组件6连接的肺静脉接口109以及用于与体静脉模拟组件5连接的体静脉接口111。The integrated simulated heart module 1 is provided with an aortic interface 110 for connecting to the aortic simulation circuit 11 connected to the aortic simulation component 10, a pulmonary artery interface 112 for connecting to the pulmonary artery simulation circuit 2 of the pulmonary artery simulation component 3, a pulmonary vein interface 109 for connecting to the pulmonary vein simulation component 6, and a systemic vein interface 111 for connecting to the systemic vein simulation component 5.
肺循环模拟模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联于人体右心模拟组件模块的出口端与人体左心模拟组件模块的进口端的肺动脉模拟组件3以及肺静脉模拟组件6，肺动脉模拟组件3用于模拟肺动脉顺应性，肺静脉模拟组件6用于模拟肺静脉顺应性，体循环模拟模块包括沿液压流体流动方向依次串联于人体左心模拟组件模块的出口端与人体右心模拟组件模块的进口端的主动脉模拟组件10以及体静脉模拟组件5，主动脉模拟组件10用于模拟主动脉顺应性，体静脉模拟组件5用于模拟体静脉顺应性；左心房模拟组件、左心室模拟组件、右心房模拟组件、右心室模拟组件、肺动脉模拟组件3以及主动脉模拟组件10分别设置用于与液压流体驱动装置连接的接口，上述液压流体一般为甘油、纯化水和氯化钠混合溶液，模拟人体血液的粘度和离子水平，当然并不局限于此，也可根据实际需求进行溶液配置。The pulmonary circulation simulation module includes a pulmonary artery simulation component 3 and a pulmonary vein simulation component 6 which are sequentially connected in series along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid to the outlet end of the human right heart simulation component module and the inlet end of the human left heart simulation component module. The pulmonary artery simulation component 3 is used to simulate the compliance of the pulmonary artery, and the pulmonary vein simulation component 6 is used to simulate the compliance of the pulmonary vein. The systemic circulation simulation module includes an aorta simulation component 10 and a systemic vein simulation component 5 which are sequentially connected in series along the flow direction of the hydraulic fluid to the outlet end of the human left heart simulation component module and the inlet end of the human right heart simulation component module. The aorta simulation component 10 is used to simulate the compliance of the aorta, and the systemic vein simulation component 5 is used to simulate the compliance of the systemic vein. The left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component, the right ventricle simulation component, the pulmonary artery simulation component 3 and the aorta simulation component 10 are respectively provided with interfaces for connecting to the hydraulic fluid drive device. The above-mentioned hydraulic fluid is generally a mixed solution of glycerol, purified water and sodium chloride, which simulates the viscosity and ion level of human blood. Of course, it is not limited to this, and the solution can also be configured according to actual needs.
上述各组件之间通过弹性均匀分布的硅胶材质的动脉模拟管路以及静脉模拟管路连接，这些管路在功能上与人体的动脉、静脉达到基本一致，并不要求结构和尺寸上的一致，由于动脉和静脉的主要特征表现为顺应性，可通过调节动脉模拟管路以及静脉模拟管路的管壁的厚度和硅胶材质的硬度使其顺应性特征符合人体动脉和静脉的顺应性参数，根据医学资料显示，人体主动脉顺应性为2mL/mmHg、肺动脉顺应性为5mL/mmHg，人体体静脉顺应性为111.11mL/mmHg、肺静脉顺应性为25.37mL/mmHg。可以通过改变动脉模拟管路来模拟动脉容性的变化，贴近实际生理。The above components are connected by elastically evenly distributed silicone arterial simulation pipelines and venous simulation pipelines. These pipelines are basically consistent with human arteries and veins in function, and do not require consistency in structure and size. Since the main characteristics of arteries and veins are compliance, the thickness of the wall of the arterial simulation pipeline and the venous simulation pipeline and the hardness of the silicone material can be adjusted to make their compliance characteristics conform to the compliance parameters of human arteries and veins. According to medical data, the compliance of the human aorta is 2mL/mmHg, the compliance of the pulmonary artery is 5mL/mmHg, the compliance of the human body vein is 111.11mL/mmHg, and the compliance of the pulmonary vein is 25.37mL/mmHg. The changes in arterial capacitance can be simulated by changing the arterial simulation pipeline, which is close to actual physiology.
需要说明的是，上述各个组件按照一定的顺序集成在基座台面17上，基座采用金属材料制作，比如可以采用不锈钢、铝合金等，优选地，基座台面17尺寸为1450×800mm，高度为1100mm，与实际手术床尺寸一致，可模拟手术室内医护人员操作空间。It should be noted that the above-mentioned components are integrated on the base table 17 in a certain order. The base is made of metal materials, such as stainless steel, aluminum alloy, etc. Preferably, the base table 17 has a size of 1450×800mm and a height of 1100mm, which is consistent with the size of an actual operating bed and can simulate the operating space of medical staff in the operating room.
与现有技术相比，本发明实施例提供的数字模拟人体循环系统通过左心房模拟组件、左心室模拟组件、右心房模拟组件以及右心室模拟组件模拟心脏的收缩和舒张过程，二尖瓣模拟组件102、主动脉瓣模拟组件104、三尖瓣模拟组件106以及肺动脉瓣模拟组件108可以模拟心脏的各个瓣膜，肺动脉模拟组件3、肺静脉模拟组件6、主动脉模拟组件10以及体静脉模拟组件5可以模拟动静脉大血管，因此上述数字模拟人体循环系统能够充分模拟实际的人体生理状况、完整的心脏结构和血液循环方式，更贴合实际的瓣膜、心房、心室、动静脉大血管的工作状态，改善VAD体外测试设备的测试效果，更好地为临床应用提供技术支持。Compared with the prior art, the digital simulation human circulatory system provided in the embodiment of the present invention simulates the contraction and relaxation process of the heart through the left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component and the right ventricle simulation component. The mitral valve simulation component 102, the aortic valve simulation component 104, the tricuspid valve simulation component 106 and the pulmonary valve simulation component 108 can simulate the various valves of the heart. The pulmonary artery simulation component 3, the pulmonary vein simulation component 6, the aorta simulation component 10 and the systemic vein simulation component 5 can simulate the arteries and veins. Therefore, the above-mentioned digital simulation human circulatory system can fully simulate the actual human physiological condition, the complete heart structure and the blood circulation mode, and is more in line with the actual working conditions of the valves, atria, ventricles, arteries and veins, improves the test effect of the VAD in vitro test equipment, and better provides technical support for clinical applications.
在本发明实施例中，左心房模拟组件、左心室模拟组件、右心房模拟组件以及右心室模拟组件采用相同的结构，均由心囊构件以及压力调节机构构成，请参阅图3，左心房模拟组件包括左心房心囊构件101以及左心房压力调节机构118a，左心房心囊构件101内设置有可动的心囊密封隔离件a，心囊密封隔离件a将左心房心囊构件101的内腔分隔为房室腔和封闭腔，房室腔具有入口和出口，房室腔的入口用于供液压流体流入房室腔，房室腔的出口用于供液压流体流出房室腔；左心房压力调节机构118a用于调节上述左心房心囊构件101的封闭腔内的压力，以驱动心囊密封隔离件a扩大或缩小左心房心囊构件101的房室腔的容积，模拟心脏左心房的收缩和舒张过程。In an embodiment of the present invention, the left atrium simulation component, the left ventricle simulation component, the right atrium simulation component and the right ventricle simulation component adopt the same structure, and are all composed of a sac component and a pressure regulating mechanism. Please refer to Figure 3. The left atrium simulation component includes a left atrium sac component 101 and a left atrium pressure regulating mechanism 118a. A movable sac sealing isolation member a is arranged in the left atrium sac component 101. The sac sealing isolation member a divides the inner cavity of the left atrium sac component 101 into an atrioventricular cavity and a closed cavity. The atrioventricular cavity has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the atrioventricular cavity is used for hydraulic fluid to flow into the atrioventricular cavity, and the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity is used for hydraulic fluid to flow out of the atrioventricular cavity. The left atrium pressure regulating mechanism 118a is used to adjust the pressure in the closed cavity of the above-mentioned left atrium sac component 101, so as to drive the sac sealing isolation member a to expand or reduce the volume of the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrium sac component 101, so as to simulate the contraction and relaxation process of the left atrium of the heart.
相应地，左心室模拟组件包括左心室心囊构件103以及左心室压力调节机构118b，左心室心囊构件103内设置有可动的心囊密封隔离件b，心囊密封隔离件b将左心室心囊构件103的内腔分隔为房室腔和封闭腔，房室腔具有入口和出口，左心室心囊构件103的房室腔的入口用于供液压流体流入左心室心囊构件103的房室腔，左心室心囊构件103的房室腔的出口用于供液压流体流出左心室心囊构件103的房室腔；左心室压力调节机构118b用于调节上述左心室心囊构件103的封闭腔内的压力，以驱动心囊密封隔离件b扩大或缩小左心室心囊构件103的房室腔的容积，模拟心脏左心室的收缩和舒张过程。Correspondingly, the left ventricular simulation component includes a left ventricular heart sac component 103 and a left ventricular pressure regulating mechanism 118b. A movable heart sac sealing isolation piece b is arranged in the left ventricular heart sac component 103. The heart sac sealing isolation piece b divides the inner cavity of the left ventricular heart sac component 103 into an atrioventricular cavity and a closed cavity. The atrioventricular cavity has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart sac component 103 is used for allowing hydraulic fluid to flow into the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart sac component 103, and the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart sac component 103 is used for allowing hydraulic fluid to flow out of the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart sac component 103. The left ventricular pressure regulating mechanism 118b is used to adjust the pressure in the closed cavity of the above-mentioned left ventricular heart sac component 103, so as to drive the heart sac sealing isolation piece b to expand or reduce the volume of the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart sac component 103, so as to simulate the contraction and relaxation process of the left ventricle of the heart.
右心房模拟组件包括右心房心囊构件105以及右心房压力调节机构118c，右心房心囊构件105内设置有可动的心囊密封隔离件c，心囊密封隔离件c将右心房心囊构件105的内腔分隔为房室腔和封闭腔，右心房心囊构件105的房室腔具有入口和出口，右心房心囊构件105的房室腔的入口用于供液压流体流入右心房心囊构件105的房室腔，右心房心囊构件105的房室腔的出口用于供液压流体流出右心房心囊构件105的房室腔；右心房压力调节机构118c用于调节上述右心房心囊构件105的封闭腔内的压力，以驱动心囊密封隔离件c扩大或缩小右心房心囊构件105的房室腔的容积，模拟心脏右心房的收缩和舒张过程。The right atrium simulation component includes a right atrium sac component 105 and a right atrium pressure regulating mechanism 118c. A movable sac sealing isolation piece c is arranged in the right atrium sac component 105. The sac sealing isolation piece c divides the inner cavity of the right atrium sac component 105 into an atrioventricular cavity and a closed cavity. The atrioventricular cavity of the right atrium sac component 105 has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrium sac component 105 is used for allowing hydraulic fluid to flow into the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrium sac component 105, and the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrium sac component 105 is used for allowing hydraulic fluid to flow out of the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrium sac component 105. The right atrium pressure regulating mechanism 118c is used to adjust the pressure in the closed cavity of the above-mentioned right atrium sac component 105, so as to drive the sac sealing isolation piece c to expand or reduce the volume of the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrium sac component 105, so as to simulate the contraction and relaxation process of the right atrium of the heart.
右心室模拟组件包括右心室心囊构件107以及右心室压力调节机构118d，右心室心囊构件107内设置有可动的心囊密封隔离件d，心囊密封隔离件d将右心室心囊构件107的内腔分隔为房室腔和封闭腔，右心室心囊构件107的房室腔具有入口和出口，右心室心囊构件107的房室腔的入口用于供液压流体流入右心室心囊构件107的房室腔，右心室心囊构件107的房室腔的出口用于供液压流体流出右心室心囊构件107的房室腔；右心室压力调节机构118d用于调节上述右心室心囊构件107的封闭腔内的压力，以驱动心囊密封隔离件d扩大或缩小右心室心囊构件107的房室腔的容积，模拟心脏右心室的收缩和舒张过程。The right ventricular simulation component includes a right ventricular heart sac component 107 and a right ventricular pressure regulating mechanism 118d. A movable heart sac sealing isolation piece d is arranged in the right ventricular heart sac component 107. The heart sac sealing isolation piece d divides the inner cavity of the right ventricular heart sac component 107 into an atrioventricular cavity and a closed cavity. The atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart sac component 107 has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart sac component 107 is used for allowing hydraulic fluid to flow into the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart sac component 107, and the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart sac component 107 is used for allowing hydraulic fluid to flow out of the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart sac component 107. The right ventricular pressure regulating mechanism 118d is used to adjust the pressure in the closed cavity of the above-mentioned right ventricular heart sac component 107 to drive the heart sac sealing isolation piece d to expand or reduce the volume of the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart sac component 107 to simulate the contraction and relaxation process of the right ventricle of the heart.
通过上述心囊构件与压力调节机构的结构设计可充分模拟人体心脏容性，跟随不同压力负荷的变化与人体实际心肌变化相类似，从而使模拟更接近真实状态。The structural design of the cardiac capsule component and the pressure regulating mechanism can fully simulate the human heart capacity, and the changes following different pressure loads are similar to the actual myocardial changes of the human body, thereby making the simulation closer to the real state.
压力调节机构主要由压力传感器、位移传感器以及气压驱动装置构成，具体地，在上述实施例中，如图3所示，左心房压力调节机构118a包括第一压力传感器118a1、第一位移传感器118a2以及第一气压驱动装置，第一压力传感器118a1用于检测左心房心囊构件101的房室腔内的压力；第一位移传感器118a2用于检测左心房心囊构件101的封闭腔或房室腔的容积变化；第一气压驱动装置通过第一方向比例阀118a3与左心房心囊构件101的封闭腔连接，第一方向比例阀118a3用于根据第一压力传感器118a1以及第一位移传感器118a2的检测值动作以调整左心房心囊构件101的房室腔内的压力以及第一气压驱动装置的搏动频率。The pressure regulating mechanism is mainly composed of a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor and a pneumatic drive device. Specifically, in the above embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the left atrial pressure regulating mechanism 118a includes a first pressure sensor 118a1, a first displacement sensor 118a2 and a first pneumatic drive device. The first pressure sensor 118a1 is used to detect the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial balloon component 101; the first displacement sensor 118a2 is used to detect the volume change of the closed cavity or the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial balloon component 101; the first pneumatic drive device is connected to the closed cavity of the left atrial balloon component 101 through a first directional proportional valve 118a3, and the first directional proportional valve 118a3 is used to operate according to the detection values of the first pressure sensor 118a1 and the first displacement sensor 118a2 to adjust the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial balloon component 101 and the beating frequency of the first pneumatic drive device.
左心室压力调节机构118b包括第二压力传感器118b1、第二位移传感器118b2以及第二气压驱动装置，第二压力传感器118b1用于检测左心室心囊构件103的房室腔内的压力；第二位移传感器118b2用于检测左心室心囊构件103的封闭腔或房室腔的容积变化；第二气压驱动装置通过第二方向比例阀118b3与左心室心囊构件103的封闭腔连接，第二方向比例阀118b3用于根据第二压力传感器118b1以及第二位移传感器118b2的检测值动作以调整左心室心囊构件103的房室腔内的压力以及第二气压驱动装置的搏动频率。The left ventricular pressure regulating mechanism 118b includes a second pressure sensor 118b1, a second displacement sensor 118b2 and a second pneumatic driving device. The second pressure sensor 118b1 is used to detect the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103; the second displacement sensor 118b2 is used to detect the volume change of the closed cavity or the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103; the second pneumatic driving device is connected to the closed cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 through a second directional proportional valve 118b3, and the second directional proportional valve 118b3 is used to operate according to the detection values of the second pressure sensor 118b1 and the second displacement sensor 118b2 to adjust the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 and the beating frequency of the second pneumatic driving device.
右心房压力调节机构118c包括第三压力传感器118c1、第三位移传感器118c2以及第三气压驱动装置，第三压力传感器118c1用于检测右心房心囊构件105的房室腔内的压力；第三位移传感器118c2用于检测右心房心囊构件105的封闭腔或房室腔的容积变化；第三气压驱动装置通过第三方向比例阀118c3与右心房心囊构件105的封闭腔连接，第三方向比例阀118c3用于根据第三压力传感器118c1以及第三位移传感器118c2的检测值动作以调整右心房心囊构件105的房室腔内的压力以及第三气压驱动装置的搏动频率。The right atrial pressure regulating mechanism 118c includes a third pressure sensor 118c1, a third displacement sensor 118c2 and a third pneumatic driving device. The third pressure sensor 118c1 is used to detect the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial sac component 105; the third displacement sensor 118c2 is used to detect the volume change of the closed cavity or the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial sac component 105; the third pneumatic driving device is connected to the closed cavity of the right atrial sac component 105 through a third directional proportional valve 118c3, and the third directional proportional valve 118c3 is used to operate according to the detection values of the third pressure sensor 118c1 and the third displacement sensor 118c2 to adjust the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial sac component 105 and the beating frequency of the third pneumatic driving device.
右心室压力调节机构118d包括第四压力传感器118d1、第四位移传感器118d2以及第四气压驱动装置，第四压力传感器118d1用于检测右心室心囊构件107的房室腔内的压力；第四位移传感器118d2用于检测右心室心囊构件107的封闭腔或房室腔的容积变化；第四气压驱动装置通过第四方向比例阀118d3与右心室心囊构件107的封闭腔连接，第四方向比例阀118d3用于根据第四压力传感器118d1以及第四位移传感器118d2的检测值动作以调整右心室心囊构件107的房室腔内的压力以及第四气压驱动装置的搏动频率。The right ventricular pressure regulating mechanism 118d includes a fourth pressure sensor 118d1, a fourth displacement sensor 118d2 and a fourth pneumatic driving device. The fourth pressure sensor 118d1 is used to detect the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107; the fourth displacement sensor 118d2 is used to detect the volume change of the closed cavity or the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107; the fourth pneumatic driving device is connected to the closed cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107 through a fourth directional proportional valve 118d3, and the fourth directional proportional valve 118d3 is used to operate according to the detection values of the fourth pressure sensor 118d1 and the fourth displacement sensor 118d2 to adjust the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107 and the beating frequency of the fourth pneumatic driving device.
上述第一压力传感器118a1、第二压力传感器118b1、第三压力传感器118c1以及第四压力传感器118d1用于测量各心囊构件的房室腔内的实时压力。在心囊构件的正常工作范围内，其刚度很小且变化缓慢，当心囊构件收缩或舒张到一定值时，其刚度迅速增大，阻碍其继续舒张或收缩，通过对各心囊构件的房室腔内的压力进行实时监测，可以避免出现心囊构件的房室腔的容积过大或过小的现象，使心室模型与人体实际更相符。The first pressure sensor 118a1, the second pressure sensor 118b1, the third pressure sensor 118c1 and the fourth pressure sensor 118d1 are used to measure the real-time pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of each sac component. In the normal working range of the sac component, its stiffness is very small and changes slowly. When the sac component contracts or relaxes to a certain value, its stiffness increases rapidly, hindering its continued relaxation or contraction. By monitoring the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of each sac component in real time, the phenomenon of the atrioventricular cavity of the sac component being too large or too small can be avoided, so that the ventricular model is more consistent with the actual human body.
第一位移传感器118a2、第二位移传感器118b2、第三位移传感器118c2以及第四位移传感器118d2实时监测各心囊构件的封闭腔或房室腔的容积变化，从而可以通过计算获得心囊构件的房室腔的容积实时大小。The first displacement sensor 118a2, the second displacement sensor 118b2, the third displacement sensor 118c2 and the fourth displacement sensor 118d2 monitor the volume changes of the closed cavity or the atrioventricular cavity of each cardiac capsule component in real time, so that the real-time volume size of the atrioventricular cavity of the cardiac capsule component can be obtained by calculation.
心囊密封隔离件a、心囊密封隔离件b、心囊密封隔离件c以及心囊密封隔离件d均采用弹性可变性的材料制作，在模拟过程中，当封闭腔内的压力升高，心囊密封隔离件受气压作用向上挤压房室腔内的液压流体，模拟心脏收缩过程，当方向比例阀换向开始排气时，封闭腔内的压力降低，心囊密封隔离件失去气压的作用力，开始复位，房室腔恢复原有大小，从而模拟心脏舒张过程，需要说明的是，排气过程采用真空抽取，实现快速的舒张。The pericardial sealing isolation piece a, the pericardial sealing isolation piece b, the pericardial sealing isolation piece c and the pericardial sealing isolation piece d are all made of elastically deformable materials. During the simulation process, when the pressure in the closed cavity increases, the pericardial sealing isolation piece is squeezed upward by the air pressure to squeeze the hydraulic fluid in the atrioventricular cavity, simulating the heart contraction process. When the directional proportional valve switches and starts to exhaust, the pressure in the closed cavity decreases, the pericardial sealing isolation piece loses the force of the air pressure and starts to reset, and the atrioventricular cavity returns to its original size, thereby simulating the heart diastole process. It should be noted that the exhaust process uses vacuum extraction to achieve rapid diastole.
从上述内容中可以看出，在本发明一种实施例中，压力调节机构以气压作为动力源驱动密封隔离件，但实际并不局限于此，在其他实施例中，还可以采用液压作为动力源驱动密封隔离件，在此不做限定。It can be seen from the above content that in one embodiment of the present invention, the pressure regulating mechanism uses air pressure as the power source to drive the sealing isolation component, but it is not actually limited to this. In other embodiments, hydraulic pressure can also be used as the power source to drive the sealing isolation component, which is not limited here.
作为优选地，在本发明实施例中，各个心囊构件的房室腔均设置有接口，接口用于与液压流体驱动装置连接，如图3所示，左心房心囊构件101的房室腔设置有第一接口115a，第一接口115a与左心房心囊构件101的房室腔之间设置有左心房进口控制阀116a，左心室心囊构件103的房室腔设置有第二接口115b，第二接口115b与左心室心囊构件103的房室腔之间设置有左心室进口控制阀116b，右心房心囊构件105的房室腔设置有第三接口115c，第三接口115c与右心房心囊构件105的房室腔之间设置有右心房进口控制阀116c，右心室心囊构件107的房室腔设置有第四接口115d，第四接口115d与右心室心囊构件107的房室腔之间设置有右心室进口控制阀116d。Preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, the atrioventricular cavity of each heart capsule component is provided with an interface, and the interface is used to connect with the hydraulic fluid driving device. As shown in FIG3 , the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial heart capsule component 101 is provided with a first interface 115a, and a left atrial inlet control valve 116a is provided between the first interface 115a and the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial heart capsule component 101, and the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 is provided with a second interface 115b, and the second interface 115b is connected to the left ventricular heart capsule. A left ventricular inlet control valve 116b is arranged between the atrioventricular cavity of the component 103, a third interface 115c is arranged on the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial heart capsule component 105, a right atrial inlet control valve 116c is arranged between the third interface 115c and the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial heart capsule component 105, a fourth interface 115d is arranged on the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107, and a right ventricular inlet control valve 116d is arranged between the fourth interface 115d and the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107.
相应地，主动脉模拟组件设置有主动脉外接接口12，肺动脉模拟组件设置有肺动脉外接接口13。Correspondingly, the aorta simulation component is provided with an aorta external connection interface 12 , and the pulmonary artery simulation component is provided with a pulmonary artery external connection interface 13 .
进一步优化上述技术方案，在本发明实施例中，各心囊构件的房室腔设置有排水口，排水口连接有出口控制阀，以便于在模拟完成后将液压流体排出，具体如图3所示，左心房心囊构件101的房室腔设置有第一排水口，第一排水口处设置有左心房出口控制阀117a，左心室心囊构件103的房室腔设置有第二排水口，第二排水口处设置有左心室出口控制阀117b，右心房心囊构件105的房室腔设置有第三排水口，第三排水口处设置有右心房出口控制阀117c，右心室心囊构件107的房室腔设置有第四排水口，第四排水口处设置有右心室出口控制阀117d。To further optimize the above technical solution, in an embodiment of the present invention, the atrioventricular cavity of each heart capsule component is provided with a drain port, and the drain port is connected to an outlet control valve so as to discharge the hydraulic fluid after the simulation is completed. Specifically, as shown in FIG3 , the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial heart capsule component 101 is provided with a first drain port, and a left atrial outlet control valve 117a is provided at the first drain port, the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 is provided with a second drain port, and a left ventricular outlet control valve 117b is provided at the second drain port, the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial heart capsule component 105 is provided with a third drain port, and a right atrial outlet control valve 117c is provided at the third drain port, and the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107 is provided with a fourth drain port, and a right ventricular outlet control valve 117d is provided at the fourth drain port.
如图3所示，在本发明实施例中，左心房模拟组件的左心房心囊构件101的房室腔的入口连接有左心房入口单向阀119，左心房入口单向阀119用于阻止左心房心囊构件101的房室腔内的液压流体经左心房心囊构件101的房室腔的入口流出，右心房模拟组件的右心房心囊构件105的房室腔的入口连接有右心房入口单向阀120，右心房入口单向阀120用于阻止右心房心囊构件105的房室腔内的液压流体经右心房心囊构件105的房室腔的入口流出。As shown in Figure 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the inlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial sac component 101 of the left atrial simulation component is connected to a left atrial inlet check valve 119, and the left atrial inlet check valve 119 is used to prevent the hydraulic fluid in the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial sac component 101 from flowing out through the inlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial sac component 101, and the inlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial sac component 105 of the right atrial simulation component is connected to a right atrial inlet check valve 120, and the right atrial inlet check valve 120 is used to prevent the hydraulic fluid in the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial sac component 105 from flowing out through the inlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial sac component 105.
为模拟瓣膜关闭不全、瓣膜狭窄等临床现象，在本发明实施例中，二尖瓣模拟组件102、主动脉瓣模拟组件104、三尖瓣模拟组件106以及肺动脉瓣模拟组件108均由狭窄调节阀、关闭不全调节阀以及出口单向阀构成，具体地，如图3所示，二尖瓣模拟组件102包括二尖瓣狭窄调节阀1022、二尖瓣关闭不全调节阀1023以及二尖瓣出口单向阀1021，二尖瓣狭窄调节阀1022和二尖瓣出口单向阀1021串联，二尖瓣狭窄调节阀1022和二尖瓣出口单向阀1021串联构成的整体与二尖瓣关闭不全调节阀1023并联，以通过调整二尖瓣狭窄调节阀1022以及二尖瓣关闭不全调节阀1023的工作状态模拟二尖瓣正常状态、二尖瓣狭窄状态以及二尖瓣关闭不全状态。To simulate clinical phenomena such as valvular insufficiency and valvular stenosis, in an embodiment of the present invention, the mitral valve simulation component 102, the aortic valve simulation component 104, the tricuspid valve simulation component 106 and the pulmonary valve simulation component 108 are all composed of a stenosis regulating valve, a regurgitation regulating valve and an outlet check valve. Specifically, as shown in FIG3 , the mitral valve simulation component 102 includes a mitral valve stenosis regulating valve 1022, a mitral valve regurgitation regulating valve 1023 and a mitral valve outlet check valve 1021. The mitral valve stenosis regulating valve 1022 and the mitral valve outlet check valve 1021 are connected in series, and the whole formed by the mitral valve stenosis regulating valve 1022 and the mitral valve outlet check valve 1021 in series is connected in parallel with the mitral valve regurgitation regulating valve 1023, so as to simulate the normal state of the mitral valve, the mitral valve stenosis state and the mitral valve regurgitation state by adjusting the working states of the mitral valve stenosis regulating valve 1022 and the mitral valve regurgitation regulating valve 1023.
主动脉瓣模拟组件104包括主动脉瓣狭窄调节阀1042、主动脉瓣关闭不全调节阀1043以及主动脉瓣出口单向阀1041，主动脉瓣狭窄调节阀1042和主动脉瓣出口单向阀1041串联，主动脉瓣狭窄调节阀1042和主动脉瓣出口单向阀1041串联构成的整体与主动脉瓣关闭不全调节阀1043并联，以通过调整主动脉瓣狭窄调节阀1042以及主动脉瓣关闭不全调节阀1043的工作状态模拟主动脉瓣正常状态、主动脉瓣狭窄状态以及主动脉瓣关闭不全状态。The aortic valve simulation component 104 includes an aortic valve stenosis regulating valve 1042, an aortic valve regurgitation regulating valve 1043 and an aortic valve outlet one-way valve 1041. The aortic valve stenosis regulating valve 1042 and the aortic valve outlet one-way valve 1041 are connected in series, and the aortic valve stenosis regulating valve 1042 and the aortic valve outlet one-way valve 1041 are connected in series to form a whole connected in parallel with the aortic valve regurgitation regulating valve 1043, so as to simulate the normal state of the aortic valve, the stenosis state of the aortic valve and the insufficiency state of the aortic valve by adjusting the working states of the aortic valve stenosis regulating valve 1042 and the aortic valve regurgitation regulating valve 1043.
三尖瓣模拟组件106包括三尖瓣狭窄调节阀1062、三尖瓣关闭不全调节阀1063以及三尖瓣出口单向阀1061，三尖瓣狭窄调节阀1062和三尖瓣出口单向阀1061串联，三尖瓣狭窄调节阀1062和三尖瓣出口单向阀1061串联构成的整体与三尖瓣关闭不全调节阀1063并联，以通过调整三尖瓣狭窄调节阀1062以及三尖瓣关闭不全调节阀1063的工作状态模拟三尖瓣正常状态、三尖瓣狭窄状态以及三尖瓣关闭不全状态。The tricuspid valve simulation component 106 includes a tricuspid valve stenosis regulating valve 1062, a tricuspid valve regurgitation regulating valve 1063 and a tricuspid valve outlet check valve 1061. The tricuspid valve stenosis regulating valve 1062 and the tricuspid valve outlet check valve 1061 are connected in series, and the tricuspid valve stenosis regulating valve 1062 and the tricuspid valve outlet check valve 1061 are connected in series to form a whole connected in parallel with the tricuspid valve regurgitation regulating valve 1063, so as to simulate the normal state, tricuspid valve stenosis state and tricuspid valve regurgitation state of the tricuspid valve by adjusting the working states of the tricuspid valve stenosis regulating valve 1062 and the tricuspid valve regurgitation regulating valve 1063.
肺动脉瓣模拟组件108包括肺动脉瓣狭窄调节阀1082、肺动脉瓣关闭不全调节阀1083以及肺动脉瓣出口单向阀1081，肺动脉瓣狭窄调节阀1082和肺动脉瓣出口单向阀1081串联，肺动脉瓣狭窄调节阀1082和肺动脉瓣出口单向阀1081串联构成的整体与肺动脉瓣关闭不全调节阀1083并联，以通过调整肺动脉瓣狭窄调节阀1082以及肺动脉瓣关闭不全调节阀1083的工作状态模拟肺动脉瓣正常状态、主动脉瓣狭窄状态以及主动脉瓣关闭不全状态。The pulmonary valve simulation component 108 includes a pulmonary valve stenosis regulating valve 1082, a pulmonary valve insufficiency regulating valve 1083 and a pulmonary valve outlet one-way valve 1081. The pulmonary valve stenosis regulating valve 1082 and the pulmonary valve outlet one-way valve 1081 are connected in series, and the pulmonary valve stenosis regulating valve 1082 and the pulmonary valve outlet one-way valve 1081 are connected in series to form a whole connected in parallel with the pulmonary valve insufficiency regulating valve 1083, so as to simulate the normal state of the pulmonary valve, the state of aortic valve stenosis and the state of aortic valve insufficiency by adjusting the working states of the pulmonary valve stenosis regulating valve 1082 and the pulmonary valve insufficiency regulating valve 1083.
二尖瓣、三尖瓣、主动脉瓣以及肺动脉瓣等瓣膜的主要特性为保证血液单向流通，可以利用单向阀来模拟瓣膜，但是刚性的单向阀，在瞬时开闭时会产生震荡和不需要的反流，影响模拟实验效果，为此在本发明实施例中，为了更好地模拟瓣膜，上述左心房入口单向阀119、右心房入口单向阀120、二尖瓣出口单向阀1021、主动脉瓣出口单向阀1041、三尖瓣出口单向阀1061以及肺动脉瓣出口单向阀1081为硅胶单向阀16，如图6和图7所示，该硅胶单向阀16包括阀体基座1601以及位于阀体基座1601第一侧的多个弹性阀片1602，各个弹性阀片1602在不受外力作用时，在自身弹力作用下相互聚拢并紧贴在一起，起到阻断通道的作用，当各个弹性阀片1602受到来自阀体基座1601第二侧的液压流体的作用力时，各个弹性阀片1602在液压流体的作用下相互散开，从而使各个弹性阀片1602之间形成液压流体通道，当阀体基座1601第二侧的液压流体的压力降低时，各个弹性阀片1602在自身弹力以及阀体基座1601第一侧的液压流体的作用下恢复聚拢状态，阻断通道，上述硅胶单向阀16质软并有一定弹性，能够满足单项阀功能的同时吸收一定的压力冲击，从而避免震荡和不需要的反流，更好地模拟瓣膜，同时各个弹性阀片1602相互支撑，受到阀体基座1601第一侧的液压流体的压力时，形变程度小，使得实验结果更加准确。The main characteristic of valves such as the mitral valve, tricuspid valve, aortic valve and pulmonary valve is to ensure unidirectional blood flow. One-way valves can be used to simulate valves. However, rigid one-way valves will produce oscillations and unwanted backflows when they are opened and closed instantaneously, affecting the effect of the simulation experiment. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, in order to better simulate the valve, the left atrium inlet one-way valve 119, the right atrium inlet one-way valve 120, the mitral valve outlet one-way valve 1021, the aortic valve outlet one-way valve 1041, the tricuspid valve outlet one-way valve 1061 and the pulmonary valve outlet one-way valve 1081 are silicone one-way valves 16, as shown in Figures 6 and 7. The silicone one-way valve 16 includes a valve body base 1601 and a plurality of elastic valve sheets 1602 located on a first side of the valve body base 1601. When not subjected to external forces, each elastic valve sheet 1602 gathers together and adheres tightly together under the action of its own elastic force. , plays the role of blocking the channel. When each elastic valve piece 1602 is subjected to the force of the hydraulic fluid from the second side of the valve body base 1601, each elastic valve piece 1602 spreads out from each other under the action of the hydraulic fluid, thereby forming a hydraulic fluid channel between each elastic valve piece 1602. When the pressure of the hydraulic fluid on the second side of the valve body base 1601 decreases, each elastic valve piece 1602 restores the gathered state under the action of its own elastic force and the hydraulic fluid on the first side of the valve body base 1601, thereby blocking the channel. The above-mentioned silicone one-way valve 16 is soft and has a certain elasticity. It can meet the function of a one-way valve while absorbing a certain pressure shock, thereby avoiding shock and unnecessary backflow, and better simulating the valve. At the same time, each elastic valve piece 1602 supports each other. When subjected to the pressure of the hydraulic fluid on the first side of the valve body base 1601, the degree of deformation is small, making the experimental results more accurate.
具体如图3所示，房间隔模拟装置113包括第一腔室，第一腔室内设置有可动的房间隔密封隔离件，房间隔密封隔离件将第一腔室分隔为相互独立的第一工作腔以及第二工作腔，第一工作腔与左心房心囊构件101的房室腔的出口连通，第二工作腔与右心房心囊构件105的房室腔的出口连通。Specifically as shown in Figure 3, the atrial septum simulation device 113 includes a first chamber, in which a movable atrial septum sealing isolation piece is provided. The atrial septum sealing isolation piece divides the first chamber into a first working chamber and a second working chamber that are independent of each other. The first working chamber is connected to the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial capsule component 101, and the second working chamber is connected to the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial capsule component 105.
室间隔模拟装置114包括第二腔室，第二腔室内设置有可动的室间隔密封隔离件，室间隔密封隔离件将第二腔室分隔为相互独立的第三工作腔以及第四工作腔，第三工作腔与左心室心囊构件103的房室腔的出口连通，第四工作腔与右心室心囊构件107的房室腔的出口连通。The ventricular septum simulation device 114 includes a second chamber, in which a movable ventricular septum sealing isolation piece is arranged, and the ventricular septum sealing isolation piece divides the second chamber into a third working chamber and a fourth working chamber which are independent of each other. The third working chamber is connected to the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103, and the fourth working chamber is connected to the outlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107.
可见在本发明实施例中，左心房心囊构件101与右心房心囊构件105之间设置有可更换的房间隔模拟装置113，在左心室心囊构件103与右心室心囊构件107之间设置有可更换的室间隔模拟装置114。二者原理一致，以室间隔模拟装置114为例进行说明。It can be seen that in the embodiment of the present invention, a replaceable atrial septum simulation device 113 is provided between the left atrial sac component 101 and the right atrial sac component 105, and a replaceable ventricular septum simulation device 114 is provided between the left ventricular sac component 103 and the right ventricular sac component 107. The principles of the two are the same, and the ventricular septum simulation device 114 is used as an example for explanation.
当左心室心囊构件103的房室腔内压力大于右心室心囊构件107的房室腔内压力时，室间隔模拟装置114的室间隔密封隔离件向右心室心囊构件107方向扩张，使右心室心囊构件107的房室腔容积减小，在左心室心囊构件103与右心室心囊构件107的正常工作范围内，其刚度较小且变化缓慢，当左心室心囊构件103的房室腔或右心室心囊构件107的房室腔的容积收缩或舒张到一定值时，室间隔模拟装置114的室间隔密封隔离件的刚度迅速增大，阻碍其继续舒张或收缩，更贴近真实生理状态。When the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 is greater than the pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107, the ventricular septum sealing isolation piece of the ventricular septum simulation device 114 expands toward the right ventricular heart capsule component 107, reducing the volume of the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107. Within the normal working range of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 and the right ventricular heart capsule component 107, their stiffness is small and changes slowly. When the volume of the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 or the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107 contracts or relaxes to a certain value, the stiffness of the ventricular septum sealing isolation piece of the ventricular septum simulation device 114 increases rapidly, preventing it from continuing to relax or contract, which is closer to the real physiological state.
可见本发明实施例通过上述各狭窄调节阀和关闭不全调节阀来模拟瓣膜狭窄和瓣膜关闭不全病症。通过房间隔模拟装置113以及室间隔模拟装置114模拟血泵的植入和启泵后左右心室在不同容量、负荷、转速变化时的变化，可以充分反映卸载情况。It can be seen that the embodiment of the present invention simulates valvular stenosis and valvular insufficiency through the above-mentioned stenosis regulating valves and insufficiency regulating valves. The atrial septum simulation device 113 and the ventricular septum simulation device 114 simulate the implantation of the blood pump and the changes of the left and right ventricles at different capacities, loads, and speeds after the pump is started, which can fully reflect the unloading situation.
如图1和图3所示，在本发明实施例中，数字模拟人体循环系统还包括第一换向阀9以及第二换向阀8，第一换向阀9的第一阀口以及第二阀口串联于左心房心囊构件101的房室腔的入口与肺静脉模拟组件6的出口端之间，第二换向阀的第一阀口以及第二阀口串联于右心房心囊构件105的房室腔的入口与体静脉模拟组件5的出口端之间，第一换向阀9的第三阀口与第二换向阀8的第三阀口连通，数字模拟人体循环系统可通过两个第一换向阀9和第二换向阀8对全循环（体循环以及肺循环）和体循环进行切换。As shown in Figures 1 and 3, in an embodiment of the present invention, the digital simulation human circulatory system also includes a first reversing valve 9 and a second reversing valve 8. The first valve port and the second valve port of the first reversing valve 9 are connected in series between the entrance of the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial heart capsule component 101 and the outlet end of the pulmonary vein simulation component 6. The first valve port and the second valve port of the second reversing valve are connected in series between the entrance of the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrial heart capsule component 105 and the outlet end of the body vein simulation component 5. The third valve port of the first reversing valve 9 is connected to the third valve port of the second reversing valve 8. The digital simulation human circulatory system can switch between the full circulation (systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation) and the systemic circulation through the two first reversing valves 9 and the second reversing valves 8.
如图1和图3所示，肺循环模拟模块还包括串联于肺动脉模拟组件3与肺静脉模拟组件6之间的第一流量传感器15以及第一阻性调节阀4，体循环模拟模块还包括串联于主动脉模拟组件10与体静脉模拟组件5之间的第二流量传感器14以及第二阻性调节阀7，左心室心囊构件103的封闭腔压力升高时即为左心室的收缩过程，左心室心囊构件103的房室腔内压力升高，使室间隔模拟装置114中的室间隔密封隔离件向右心室心囊构件107方向移动，同时左心室心囊构件103的房室腔内的液压流体被射出，经主动脉瓣模拟组件104进入主动脉模拟组件10，由于主动脉模拟组件10顺应性的特征，一部分液压流体暂存在主动脉模拟组件10内，另一部分经第二流量传感器14测得循环流量后从第二阻性调节阀7进入体静脉模拟组件5，第二阻性调节阀7用于模拟体循环外周阻性。As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the pulmonary circulation simulation module also includes a first flow sensor 15 and a first resistive regulating valve 4 connected in series between the pulmonary artery simulation component 3 and the pulmonary vein simulation component 6, and the systemic circulation simulation module also includes a second flow sensor 14 and a second resistive regulating valve 7 connected in series between the aortic simulation component 10 and the systemic vein simulation component 5. When the closed cavity pressure of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 increases, it is the contraction process of the left ventricle. The pressure in the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 increases, causing the ventricular septum sealing isolation component in the ventricular septum simulation device 114 to move toward the right ventricular heart capsule component 107. At the same time, the hydraulic fluid in the atrioventricular cavity of the left ventricular heart capsule component 103 is ejected and enters the aortic simulation component 10 through the aortic valve simulation component 104. Due to the compliance characteristics of the aortic simulation component 10, a part of the hydraulic fluid is temporarily stored in the aortic simulation component 10, and the other part enters the systemic vein simulation component 5 from the second resistive regulating valve 7 after the circulation flow is measured by the second flow sensor 14. The second resistive regulating valve 7 is used to simulate the peripheral resistance of the systemic circulation.
进一步地，肺循环模拟模块以及体循环模拟模块还包括动脉压力传感器和/或静脉压力传感器，如图3所示，主动脉模拟组件10设置有主动脉压力传感器18，肺动脉模拟组件3设置有肺动脉压力传感器19，分别用于检测主动脉模拟组件10以及肺动脉模拟组件3中的液压流体的压力，以便为第一阻性调节阀4以及第二阻性调节阀7的调节提供数据支持。Furthermore, the pulmonary circulation simulation module and the systemic circulation simulation module also include an arterial pressure sensor and/or a venous pressure sensor. As shown in Figure 3, the aortic simulation component 10 is provided with an aortic pressure sensor 18, and the pulmonary artery simulation component 3 is provided with a pulmonary artery pressure sensor 19, which are used to detect the pressure of the hydraulic fluid in the aortic simulation component 10 and the pulmonary artery simulation component 3, respectively, so as to provide data support for the adjustment of the first resistive regulating valve 4 and the second resistive regulating valve 7.
体静脉模拟组件5与右心房心囊构件105的房室腔的入口通过第二换向阀8的第一阀口以及第二阀口相连，右心房心囊构件105的收缩和舒张的结构及控制方式与左心室心囊构件103类似。在右心室心囊构件107舒张期时，右心房心囊构件105的房室腔内的液压流体经三尖瓣模拟组件106进入右心室心囊构件107的房室腔。右心室心囊构件107与左心室心囊构件103的结构及控制方式相同，右心室心囊构件107收缩时，使室间隔模拟装置114中的室间隔密封隔离件向左心室心囊构件103方向移动，右心室心囊构件107的房室腔内的液压流体经肺动脉瓣模拟组件108射入肺动脉模拟组件3，一部分液压流体暂存在肺动脉模拟组件3内，另一部分经第一流量传感器15进入肺静脉模拟组件6。The inlet of the atrioventricular cavity of the body vein simulation component 5 and the right atrium sac component 105 is connected through the first valve port and the second valve port of the second reversing valve 8. The structure and control method of the contraction and relaxation of the right atrium sac component 105 are similar to those of the left ventricle sac component 103. When the right ventricle sac component 107 is in the diastolic phase, the hydraulic fluid in the atrioventricular cavity of the right atrium sac component 105 enters the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricle sac component 107 through the tricuspid valve simulation component 106. The right ventricular heart capsule component 107 has the same structure and control method as the left ventricular heart capsule component 103. When the right ventricular heart capsule component 107 contracts, the ventricular septum sealing isolation component in the ventricular septum simulation device 114 moves toward the left ventricular heart capsule component 103, and the hydraulic fluid in the atrioventricular cavity of the right ventricular heart capsule component 107 is injected into the pulmonary artery simulation component 3 through the pulmonary valve simulation component 108. A part of the hydraulic fluid is temporarily stored in the pulmonary artery simulation component 3, and the other part enters the pulmonary vein simulation component 6 through the first flow sensor 15.
肺静脉模拟组件6通过第一换向阀9的第一阀口以及第二阀口和左心房心囊构件101的房室腔相通，左心房心囊构件101的收缩和舒张的结构及控制方式与左心室心囊构件103类似。左心室心囊构件103舒张期时，左心房心囊构件101的房室腔内的液压流体经二尖瓣模拟组件进入左心室心囊构件103形成一个循环回路。The pulmonary vein simulation component 6 is connected to the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial sac component 101 through the first valve port and the second valve port of the first reversing valve 9. The structure and control method of contraction and relaxation of the left atrial sac component 101 are similar to those of the left ventricular sac component 103. When the left ventricular sac component 103 is in diastole, the hydraulic fluid in the atrioventricular cavity of the left atrial sac component 101 enters the left ventricular sac component 103 through the mitral valve simulation component to form a circulation loop.
为进一步提高模拟的真实程度，在本发明实施例中，肺动脉模拟组件3以及主动脉模拟组件10包括容性调节装置，容性调节装置包括容性可调容器以及调节驱动装置，容性可调容器的容积可调，调节驱动装置与容性可调容器传动配合，以调节容性可调容器的容积。To further improve the realism of the simulation, in an embodiment of the present invention, the pulmonary artery simulation component 3 and the aorta simulation component 10 include a capacitive adjustment device, which includes an adjustable capacitive container and an adjustment drive device. The volume of the adjustable capacitive container is adjustable, and the adjustment drive device cooperates with the adjustable capacitive container to adjust the volume of the adjustable capacitive container.
肺动脉模拟组件3以及主动脉模拟组件10的容性调节装置结构相同，在此以肺动脉容性调节装置为例，如图4和图5所示，肺动脉模拟组件的肺动脉模拟组件包括肺动脉容性调节装置，肺动脉容性调节装置包括肺动脉容性可调容器以及肺动脉调节驱动装置，其中，肺动脉容性可调容器为肺动脉模拟波纹管308，肺动脉调节驱动装置包括肺动脉直线驱动机构以及肺动脉管夹持机构307，肺动脉管夹持机构夹持于肺动脉模拟波纹管308的一端，肺动脉直线驱动机构与肺动脉管夹持机构307传动连接，以通过肺动脉管夹持机构307驱动肺动脉模拟波纹管308伸缩。The capacitive adjustment devices of the pulmonary artery simulation component 3 and the aorta simulation component 10 have the same structure. Taking the pulmonary artery capacitive adjustment device as an example, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, the pulmonary artery simulation component of the pulmonary artery simulation component includes a pulmonary artery capacitive adjustment device, and the pulmonary artery capacitive adjustment device includes a pulmonary artery capacitive adjustable container and a pulmonary artery adjustment drive device, wherein the pulmonary artery capacitive adjustable container is a pulmonary artery simulation bellows 308, and the pulmonary artery adjustment drive device includes a pulmonary artery linear drive mechanism and a pulmonary artery tube clamping mechanism 307, and the pulmonary artery tube clamping mechanism is clamped at one end of the pulmonary artery simulation bellows 308, and the pulmonary artery linear drive mechanism is transmission-connected to the pulmonary artery tube clamping mechanism 307 to drive the pulmonary artery simulation bellows 308 to retract and retract through the pulmonary artery tube clamping mechanism 307.
具体地，上述肺动脉直线驱动机构包括旋转电机301、同步带传动机构以及驱动杆305，其中，旋转电机301提供扭矩，同步带传动机构包括主动带轮（图中未示出）、从动带轮302以及同步带304，主动带轮设置于旋转电机301的输出端，同步带304分别与主动带轮以及从动带轮302传动连接，驱动杆305连接于同步带304，驱动杆305的一端与肺动脉管夹持机构307连接，从图4中可以看出，同步带传动机构设置有两个从动带轮302，两个从动带轮302沿驱动杆305的移动方向间隔设置，主动带轮与两个从动带轮302呈三角形分布，同时同步带传动机构还包括两个压紧轮303，两个压紧轮303从同步带304的外侧压紧同步带304。Specifically, the above-mentioned pulmonary artery linear drive mechanism includes a rotating motor 301, a synchronous belt transmission mechanism and a driving rod 305, wherein the rotating motor 301 provides torque, the synchronous belt transmission mechanism includes a driving pulley (not shown in the figure), a driven pulley 302 and a synchronous belt 304, the driving pulley is arranged at the output end of the rotating motor 301, the synchronous belt 304 is respectively connected to the driving pulley and the driven pulley 302 for transmission, the driving rod 305 is connected to the synchronous belt 304, and one end of the driving rod 305 is connected to the pulmonary artery tube clamping mechanism 307. It can be seen from Figure 4 that the synchronous belt transmission mechanism is provided with two driven pulleys 302, the two driven pulleys 302 are arranged at intervals along the moving direction of the driving rod 305, and the driving pulley and the two driven pulleys 302 are distributed in a triangle. At the same time, the synchronous belt transmission mechanism also includes two clamping wheels 303, and the two clamping wheels 303 clamp the synchronous belt 304 from the outside of the synchronous belt 304.
为保证驱动杆305往复移动的稳定性，在本发明实施例中，驱动杆305滑动设置于安装支架上，安装支架与驱动杆305这两者中的一者设置有导轨306，另一者设置有滑块，滑块与导轨306滑动配合。To ensure the stability of the reciprocating movement of the driving rod 305, in an embodiment of the present invention, the driving rod 305 is slidably arranged on the mounting bracket, one of the mounting bracket and the driving rod 305 is provided with a guide rail 306, and the other is provided with a slider, and the slider is slidably matched with the guide rail 306.
上述容性调节装置通过压缩或拉伸动脉模拟波纹管，以实现动脉的容性调节，当动脉模拟波纹管被拉伸时，动脉容性增大，当动脉模拟波纹管被压缩时，动脉容性减小。The capacitive adjustment device compresses or stretches the arterial simulation bellows to adjust the arterial capacitive capacity. When the arterial simulation bellows is stretched, the arterial capacitive capacity increases, and when the arterial simulation bellows is compressed, the arterial capacitive capacity decreases.
如图1和图3所示，体静脉模拟组件5以及肺静脉模拟组件6结构相同，均为透明圆柱状腔体，材质包括但不限于亚克力、玻璃，上面设有刻度，可用于系统内添加液压流体，液压流体加至不同的刻度代表了肺循环或体循环中不同的循环压力，体静脉模拟组件5以及肺静脉模拟组件6的腔体仅大小不同，其材质和作用一致。As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the body vein simulation component 5 and the pulmonary vein simulation component 6 have the same structure and are both transparent cylindrical cavities. The materials include but are not limited to acrylic and glass. There are scales on them, which can be used to add hydraulic fluid into the system. The hydraulic fluid added to different scales represents different circulation pressures in the pulmonary circulation or systemic circulation. The cavities of the body vein simulation component 5 and the pulmonary vein simulation component 6 are only different in size, and their materials and functions are the same.
数字模拟人体循环系统的电控系统硬件采用上下位机的方式进行控制。上位机软件基于Windows操作系统，采用NI公司研制开发的LabVIEW软件进行编程，实现人机界面功能。操作人员在此完成参数设置、试验操作、数据处理、命令下发等功能。例如为了方便医护人员确认生理状态，其中一个界面与医学监护仪屏幕所设置的参数一致，软件操作界面医学参数包含心电图（ECG）、主动脉压力（MAP）、中心静脉压力（CVP）、左心房压力（LAP）、肺动脉压力（PA）等。The hardware of the electronic control system of the digital simulation human circulatory system is controlled by the upper and lower computers. The upper computer software is based on the Windows operating system and is programmed using LabVIEW software developed by NI to realize the human-machine interface function. The operator completes parameter setting, test operation, data processing, command issuance and other functions here. For example, in order to facilitate medical staff to confirm the physiological state, one of the interfaces is consistent with the parameters set on the medical monitor screen. The medical parameters of the software operation interface include electrocardiogram (ECG), aortic pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), left atrial pressure (LAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PA), etc.
下面对上述数字模拟人体循环系统的工作方式做整体描述。The following is an overall description of the working mode of the above-mentioned digital simulation of the human circulatory system.
其中一种工作方式为包含肺循环的全循环方式，可对人体全身的阻尼进行模拟，打开第一换向阀9以及第二换向阀8，使两者的第一阀口与第二阀口连通；将血泵插入到适当为止，如果为左心室辅助测试，则将血泵放至相应的第二接口115b处；通电，打开上下位机和操作系统；配置好液压流体；将配置好的液压流体通过体静脉模拟组件5以及肺静脉模拟组件6加入到循环回路中，确保放水的左心房出口控制阀117a、左心室出口控制阀117b、右心房出口控制阀117c以及右心室出口控制阀117d处于关闭状态，液压流体依据压力要求加至体静脉模拟组件5以及肺静脉模拟组件6的相应的刻度线；在操作系统的软件界面设置好相应的参数，如心率、各项循环阻力、心肌收缩力系数、容性控制系统阻力等等；检查医学和工学界面各项参数和曲线是否显示正常；点击启动按钮，设备开始运行，心脏各房室腔开始搏动；启动血泵，设置相应转速；此时模拟血液的流经途径为，体静脉模拟组件5→第二换向阀8→右心房入口单向阀120→右心房心囊构件105的房室腔→三尖瓣模拟组件106→右心室心囊构件107→肺动脉瓣模拟组件108→肺动脉模拟组件→第一流量传感器15→第一阻性调节阀4→肺静脉模拟组件6→第一换向阀9→左心房入口单向阀119→左心房心囊构件101→二尖瓣模拟组件102→左心室心囊构件103→主动脉瓣模拟组件104→主动脉模拟组件→第二流量传感器14→第二阻性调节阀7→体静脉模拟组件5，整个流程与人体血液循环相同，此时便可以观察心室压、心房压、肺动脉压、主动脉压、间隔运动方向、各血管流量等等生理状态信息，并根据这些结果做相应调整。One of the working modes is a full circulation mode including pulmonary circulation, which can simulate the damping of the human body. The first reversing valve 9 and the second reversing valve 8 are opened to connect the first valve port of the two valve ports with the second valve port. The blood pump is inserted until it is appropriate. If it is a left ventricular assist test, the blood pump is placed at the corresponding second interface 115b. Power is turned on, and the upper and lower computers and the operating system are turned on. The hydraulic fluid is configured. The configured hydraulic fluid is added to the circulation loop through the body vein simulation component 5 and the pulmonary vein simulation component 6, ensuring that the left atrial outlet control valve 117a, the left ventricular outlet control valve 117b, the right atrial outlet control valve 117c and the right ventricular outlet control valve 117d are in a closed state. The hydraulic fluid is added to the corresponding scale lines of the body vein simulation component 5 and the pulmonary vein simulation component 6 according to the pressure requirements. The corresponding parameters are set in the software interface of the operating system, such as heart rate, various circulatory resistances, myocardial contractility coefficient, capacitive control system resistance, etc.; Check whether the various parameters and curves of the medical and engineering interfaces are displayed The display is normal; click the start button, the device starts running, and the heart's atrioventricular chambers start beating; start the blood pump and set the corresponding speed; at this time, the simulated blood flows through the body vein simulation component 5→the second reversing valve 8→the right atrium inlet check valve 120→the atrioventricular chamber of the right atrium heart capsule component 105→the tricuspid valve simulation component 106→the right ventricle heart capsule component 107→the pulmonary artery valve simulation component 108→the pulmonary artery simulation component→the first flow sensor 15→the first resistive regulating valve 4→the pulmonary vein simulation component 6→the first reversing valve The whole process is the same as the blood circulation of the human body, namely, the ventricular pressure, atrial pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, aortic pressure, septal movement direction, blood vessel flow and other physiological status information can be observed at this time, and corresponding adjustments can be made according to these results.
另一种工作方式为不包含肺循环的体循环模式，该模式为一种相对简易的循环模拟，不包括模拟人体肺部循环和相应阻力，仅模拟左心循环，用以对左心室辅助设备进行研究和测试。调节第一换向阀9以及第二换向阀8，使第一换向阀9的第三阀口与第二阀口（靠近左心房心囊构件101的一个阀口）连通，使第二换向阀8的第三阀口与第一阀口（远离右心房心囊构件105的一个阀口）连通；将血泵插入左心辅助血泵接口处；通电，打开上下位机和操作系统；在体静脉模拟组件5加入配置好的溶液至实验需求的刻度处；设置相应参数，与全循环相同，只是不包括右心和肺动脉容性调节；点击启动按钮，设备开始运行，左心各腔室开始搏动；启动血泵，调整至需求的转速；此时模拟血液的循环路径为，体静脉模拟组件5→第二换向阀8→第一换向阀9→左心房心囊构件101→二尖瓣模拟组件102→左心室心囊构件103→主动脉瓣模拟组件104→主动脉模拟组件→第二流量传感器14→第二阻性调节阀7→体静脉模拟组件5。此时便可观察左心室压、左心房压，主动脉压，室间隔运动，和各管路流量等信息，并根据结果和实验需求可做不同调整。Another working mode is the systemic circulation mode that does not include pulmonary circulation. This mode is a relatively simple circulation simulation that does not include simulation of human pulmonary circulation and corresponding resistance. It only simulates left heart circulation and is used to study and test left ventricular assist devices. Adjust the first reversing valve 9 and the second reversing valve 8 so that the third valve port of the first reversing valve 9 is connected to the second valve port (a valve port close to the left atrial heart capsule component 101), and the third valve port of the second reversing valve 8 is connected to the first valve port (a valve port away from the right atrial heart capsule component 105); insert the blood pump into the left heart assist blood pump interface; turn on the power, turn on the upper and lower computers and the operating system; add the configured solution to the body vein simulation component 5 to the scale required for the experiment; set the corresponding parameters, which is the same as the full cycle, except that The right heart and pulmonary artery capacity adjustment is not included; click the start button, the device starts running, and the left heart chambers start beating; start the blood pump and adjust it to the required speed; at this time, the circulation path of the simulated blood is, the body vein simulation component 5→the second reversing valve 8→the first reversing valve 9→the left atrium heart capsule component 101→the mitral valve simulation component 102→the left ventricle heart capsule component 103→the aortic valve simulation component 104→the aortic simulation component→the second flow sensor 14→the second resistance regulating valve 7→the body vein simulation component 5. At this time, the left ventricular pressure, the left atrial pressure, the aortic pressure, the ventricular septum movement, and the flow of each pipeline can be observed, and different adjustments can be made according to the results and experimental needs.
在实验过程中，数字模拟人体循环系统的全部数据可手动选择是否存储，存储的数据可进行导出并做进一步分析和处理。During the experiment, all data of the digital simulation of the human circulatory system can be manually selected to be stored, and the stored data can be exported for further analysis and processing.
在上述上位机中可以预置多种模拟程序，包括但不限于左心衰模拟程序、右心衰模拟程序、全心衰模拟程序、瓣膜关闭不全模拟程序、瓣膜狭窄模拟程序、恶心心律失常如室速室颤模拟程序、高血压模拟程序、高肺动脉压模拟程序等，并在上位机的操作界面显示相应的启动按键，从而可以实现一键模拟实际病症和人体生理状态，并进行针对性治疗或操作。A variety of simulation programs can be preset in the above-mentioned host computer, including but not limited to left heart failure simulation program, right heart failure simulation program, total heart failure simulation program, valvular regurgitation simulation program, valvular stenosis simulation program, severe arrhythmia such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation simulation program, hypertension simulation program, high pulmonary artery pressure simulation program, etc., and the corresponding start button is displayed on the operation interface of the host computer, so that actual diseases and human physiological states can be simulated with one button, and targeted treatment or operation can be carried out.
可见上述数字模拟人体循环系统能够充分模拟实际的人体生理状况、心脏结构和血液循环方式，设备集成化程度高，完成了心脏一体化设计，体积小于手术床尺寸一致，便于操作；研究和设计了更贴合实际的瓣膜、心房、心室、动静脉模拟结构，可实现体循环和肺循环阻尼自动调节；能够模拟各种实际的临床现象和术后并发症，包括左心衰、右心衰、全心衰、瓣膜关闭不全、瓣膜狭窄、恶心心律失常如室速室颤、高血压、高肺动脉压、合理转速的调节等等，贴近实际的同时涵盖了各种临床应用场景，具有极高的体外研究价值。It can be seen that the above-mentioned digital simulation human circulatory system can fully simulate the actual human physiological condition, heart structure and blood circulation mode. The equipment has a high degree of integration, completes the integrated heart design, and is smaller than the size of the operating table, which is convenient for operation. It has studied and designed more realistic valve, atrium, ventricle, artery and vein simulation structures, which can realize automatic adjustment of systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation damping. It can simulate various actual clinical phenomena and postoperative complications, including left heart failure, right heart failure, total heart failure, valvular insufficiency, valvular stenosis, severe arrhythmias such as ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, hypertension, high pulmonary artery pressure, reasonable speed adjustment, etc. It is close to reality and covers various clinical application scenarios, and has extremely high in vitro research value.
并且上述数字模拟人体循环系统的集成模拟心脏模块中各心室、心房结构紧密结合，左心房心囊构件101与右心房心囊构件105之间通过模拟柔性房间隔的房间隔模拟装置113相连，左心室心囊构件103与右心室心囊构件107之间通过模拟柔性室间隔的室间隔模拟装置114，可实现血泵植入后各心腔平衡的观察和控制，通过此点可对合理的转速调节和辅助流量进行研究；各入口单向阀、二尖瓣模拟组件、三尖瓣模拟组件、主动脉瓣模拟组件以及肺动脉瓣模拟组件中的出口单向阀、等各类瓣膜均为具有柔性的材料制成，并通过研究使其与实际瓣膜功能近似，消除了机械单向阀的不良影响。In addition, the ventricles and atria of the integrated simulated heart module of the digital simulation of the human circulatory system are closely integrated. The left atrial capsule component 101 and the right atrial capsule component 105 are connected via an atrial septum simulation device 113 simulating a flexible atrial septum. The left ventricular capsule component 103 and the right ventricular capsule component 107 are connected via a ventricular septum simulation device 114 simulating a flexible ventricular septum. This allows the observation and control of the balance of each heart chamber after the blood pump is implanted. This allows the study of reasonable speed regulation and auxiliary flow. All types of valves, including the inlet one-way valve, mitral valve simulation component, tricuspid valve simulation component, aortic valve simulation component, and outlet one-way valve in the pulmonary valve simulation component, are made of flexible materials. Through research, their functions are similar to those of actual valves, eliminating the adverse effects of mechanical one-way valves.
该数字模拟人体循环系统功能丰富，不仅适用于左心室辅助设备的研究，同时可以完成对右心辅助设备和双心室辅助的研究，虽然目前实际的应用以左心辅助为主，但右心辅助和双心辅助是未来VAD发展的趋势，因此可通过该设备完成预先研究，为设备开发提供测试方法。This digital simulation of the human circulatory system is rich in functions. It is not only suitable for the research of left ventricular assist devices, but also for the research of right heart assist devices and biventricular assist. Although the current actual application is mainly left heart assist, right heart assist and biventricular assist are the future development trends of VAD. Therefore, this device can be used to complete preliminary research and provide testing methods for device development.
该数字模拟人体循环系统能够对人体和动物无法进行的生理实验进行模拟，为VAD临床应用提供宝贵经验和支持，还能够进行相应的体外实验和测试，加深对VAD生理循环的认识。同时能够模拟实际病症、手术过程和术后治疗过程，为新开展VAD植入医院的医护人员提供完整的培训。可以实现“一键模拟”功能，可通过设置参数，模拟某种生理状况，如左心衰合并肺动脉高压、左心衰合并二尖瓣关闭不全、血泵植入后左心卸载不足、血泵植入后发生恶性心率失常等等，点击启动健后设备自动运行至该状况下的生理状态，医生采取正确的操作后设备恢复至正常生理指标。由此加深医护人员对血泵和治疗方式的理解。This digital simulation human circulatory system can simulate physiological experiments that cannot be performed on humans and animals, providing valuable experience and support for the clinical application of VAD. It can also conduct corresponding in vitro experiments and tests to deepen the understanding of VAD physiological circulation. At the same time, it can simulate actual symptoms, surgical procedures and postoperative treatment processes, providing complete training for medical staff in new VAD implantation hospitals. The "one-click simulation" function can be realized, and parameters can be set to simulate certain physiological conditions, such as left heart failure combined with pulmonary hypertension, left heart failure combined with mitral regurgitation, insufficient left heart unloading after blood pump implantation, malignant arrhythmia after blood pump implantation, etc. After clicking on the start function, the device automatically runs to the physiological state under this condition, and the device returns to normal physiological indicators after the doctor takes the correct operation. This deepens the understanding of medical staff on blood pumps and treatment methods.
需要说明的是，本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。It should be noted that the various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.
本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。The principles and implementation methods of the present invention are described in this article using specific examples. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the core idea of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, the present invention can also be improved and modified, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.
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