技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及测量电变量技术领域，具体涉及一种配网电池的状态监测方法及装置。The present application relates to the technical field of measuring electrical variables, and in particular to a method and device for monitoring the status of a distribution network battery.
背景技术Background Art
配网开关站蓄电池作为后备电源，在配网自动化设备终端应用发挥着重要的作用。多数配电自动化终端设备安装在户外，工作环境恶劣，蓄电池通常会出现漏液、变形、短路、开路、单只落后、电池充不进电等情况，导致其使用寿命发生不同程度的变化。因此，为了保证配电设备的正常运行，需要对蓄电池状态进行实时监测，确保蓄电池能够正常供电。As a backup power source, the battery in the distribution network switch station plays an important role in the terminal application of distribution network automation equipment. Most distribution automation terminal equipment is installed outdoors in a harsh working environment. The battery usually leaks, deforms, shorts, opens, lags behind, and cannot be charged, resulting in varying degrees of changes in its service life. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of the distribution equipment, it is necessary to monitor the battery status in real time to ensure that the battery can supply power normally.
然而，在检测过程中，由于缺乏对应的智能先进作业工具，对于因沿海高温、高湿、高盐的自然环境等因素引起电池性能衰减的程度很难做出正确的判断，并且，由于配网站点分散，通过人员巡视的方式进行维护，工作量大、效率较低，很难做到及时发现和处理电池缺陷，存在人工误判的风险。However, during the detection process, due to the lack of corresponding intelligent advanced operating tools, it is difficult to make a correct judgment on the degree of battery performance degradation caused by factors such as the high temperature, high humidity, and high salt natural environment along the coast. In addition, since the distribution sites are scattered, maintenance is carried out through personnel patrols, which has a large workload and low efficiency. It is difficult to detect and deal with battery defects in a timely manner, and there is a risk of human misjudgment.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了解决上述问题，本申请提出了一种配网电池的状态监测方法，应用于预设的电池状态监测装置，所述装置包括数据采集模块、数据处理汇聚模块、充放电模块以及与上述模块均连接的微处理器，所述方法包括：In order to solve the above problems, the present application proposes a state monitoring method for a distribution network battery, which is applied to a preset battery state monitoring device, wherein the device includes a data acquisition module, a data processing and aggregation module, a charging and discharging module, and a microprocessor connected to the above modules. The method includes:
通过所述微处理器，控制所述充放电模块的充放电参数，以使电池组按照所述充放电参数对应的充放电频率，在多个循环周期内进行小电流脉冲放电；The microprocessor controls the charge and discharge parameters of the charge and discharge module, so that the battery pack performs small current pulse discharge in multiple cycles according to the charge and discharge frequency corresponding to the charge and discharge parameters;
通过所述数据采集模块，采集所述电池组在每个循环周期内执行所述小电流脉冲放电时的电池状态参数，并将所述电池状态参数通过所述微处理器发送至所述数据处理汇聚模块；The data acquisition module collects the battery status parameters when the battery pack performs the small current pulse discharge in each cycle, and sends the battery status parameters to the data processing and aggregation module through the microprocessor;
通过所述数据处理汇聚模块，基于预设的电池状态评估指标，对所述电池组进行状态评估，以确定所述电池状态参数在所述电池状态评估指标下对应的评估结果；By means of the data processing and aggregation module, based on a preset battery status evaluation index, the battery pack is evaluated to determine an evaluation result corresponding to the battery status parameter under the battery status evaluation index;
通过所述微处理器，根据所述评估结果，对所述电池组执行相应的维护操作，以对所述电池组中存在状态异常的单体电池进行状态预警。The microprocessor performs corresponding maintenance operations on the battery pack according to the evaluation result, so as to issue status warnings for single cells in the battery pack that are in abnormal status.
在本申请的一种实现方式中，所述电池状态参数包括电压、电流和温度，对所述电池组进行状态评估，以确定所述电池状态参数在所述电池状态评估指标下对应的评估结果之后，所述方法还包括：In one implementation of the present application, the battery status parameters include voltage, current and temperature, and after the battery pack is evaluated to determine the evaluation result corresponding to the battery status parameters under the battery status evaluation indicator, the method further includes:
根据所述电压对应的评估结果，确定所述电池中各单体电池对应的单体电压是否均衡；Determining whether the cell voltages corresponding to the cell batteries in the battery are balanced according to the evaluation results corresponding to the voltages;
若否，向所述充放电模块发送小电流放电指令，通过所述小电流放电指令，控制所述充放电模块对所述电池组执行相应的放电操作，以将所述电池组中的各单体电池调整至均衡状态。If not, a small current discharge instruction is sent to the charge and discharge module, and the charge and discharge module is controlled by the small current discharge instruction to perform a corresponding discharge operation on the battery pack, so as to adjust each single cell in the battery pack to a balanced state.
在本申请的一种实现方式中，确定所述电池组中各单体电池对应的单体电压是否均衡，具体包括：In one implementation of the present application, determining whether the cell voltages corresponding to the cell batteries in the battery pack are balanced specifically includes:
根据所述电池状态参数中的电压参数，计算所述电池组的电压均值，并从所述电池组中选取对应电压最大的单体电池作为用于评估单体电压是否均衡的目标单体电池；Calculating the voltage mean of the battery pack according to the voltage parameter in the battery state parameter, and selecting a single cell with the largest corresponding voltage from the battery pack as a target single cell for evaluating whether the single cell voltages are balanced;
获取预设的触发阈值范围，将所述目标单体电池对应的电压与所述电压均值之间的差值，与所述触发阈值范围进行对比，以确定所述差值是否处于所述触发阈值范围内；Obtaining a preset trigger threshold range, and comparing the difference between the voltage corresponding to the target single battery and the voltage average with the trigger threshold range to determine whether the difference is within the trigger threshold range;
若是，确定所述电池组中各单体电池对应的单体电压不均衡。If so, it is determined that the single cell voltages corresponding to the single cells in the battery pack are unbalanced.
在本申请的一种实现方式中，基于预设的电池状态评估指标，对所述电池组进行状态评估，以确定所述电池状态参数在所述电池状态评估指标下对应的评估结果，具体包括：In one implementation of the present application, based on a preset battery status evaluation index, the battery pack is evaluated to determine an evaluation result corresponding to the battery status parameter under the battery status evaluation index, specifically including:
对所述电池状态评估指标进行划分，得到用于评估电池组实时运行状态的第一电池状态评估指标，以及用于评估电池组持续运行状态的第二电池状态评估指标；The battery status evaluation index is divided to obtain a first battery status evaluation index for evaluating the real-time operation status of the battery pack and a second battery status evaluation index for evaluating the continuous operation status of the battery pack;
针对与所述第一电池状态评估指标相匹配的第一电池状态参数，根据所述第一电池状态评估指标对应的指标范围，对所述第一电池状态参数进行评估，以通过得到的评估结果，确定所述第一电池状态参数是否符合所述指标范围；For a first battery state parameter that matches the first battery state evaluation indicator, the first battery state parameter is evaluated according to an indicator range corresponding to the first battery state evaluation indicator, so as to determine whether the first battery state parameter meets the indicator range through the obtained evaluation result;
针对与所述第二电池状态评估指标相匹配的第二电池状态参数，根据预设的评估方式，计算所述第二电池状态参数对应的参数值，得到对应的评估结果。For the second battery state parameter that matches the second battery state evaluation indicator, a parameter value corresponding to the second battery state parameter is calculated according to a preset evaluation method to obtain a corresponding evaluation result.
在本申请的一种实现方式中，所述第一电池状态评估指标包括内阻指标，根据所述第一电池状态评估指标对应的指标范围，对所述第一电池状态参数进行评估之前，所述方法还包括：In one implementation of the present application, the first battery state evaluation indicator includes an internal resistance indicator. Before evaluating the first battery state parameter according to an indicator range corresponding to the first battery state evaluation indicator, the method further includes:
针对所述内阻指标，获取所述电池组在多个循环周期内的指定电池状态参数变化量，根据所述指定电池状态参数变化量，得到与所述内阻指标相匹配的内阻参数；其中，所述指定电池状态参数包括电压参数和电流参数。For the internal resistance index, obtain the change of the specified battery state parameter of the battery pack within multiple cycles, and obtain the internal resistance parameter matching the internal resistance index according to the change of the specified battery state parameter; wherein the specified battery state parameter includes a voltage parameter and a current parameter.
在本申请的一种实现方式中，根据所述指定电池状态参数变化量，得到与所述内阻指标相匹配的内阻参数，具体包括：In one implementation of the present application, obtaining an internal resistance parameter matching the internal resistance index according to the change in the specified battery state parameter specifically includes:
计算多个循环周期内所述指定电池状态参数变化量的均值，根据所述均值，得到所述内阻参数，具体通过以下公式表示：The average value of the change in the specified battery state parameter in multiple cycles is calculated, and the internal resistance parameter is obtained according to the average value, which is specifically expressed by the following formula:
其中，R代表电池的内阻，和代表电池组第n次放电时，放电后的电压和电流，和代表电池组第n次放电时，放电前的电压和电流。Where R represents the internal resistance of the battery. and Represents the voltage and current after the battery pack is discharged for the nth time. and Represents the voltage and current before discharge when the battery pack is discharged for the nth time.
在本申请的一种实现方式中，所述第二电池状态参数包括荷电状态和电池健康状态，根据预设的评估方式，计算所述第二电池状态参数对应的参数值，得到对应的评估结果，具体包括：In one implementation of the present application, the second battery status parameter includes a state of charge and a battery health state. According to a preset evaluation method, a parameter value corresponding to the second battery status parameter is calculated to obtain a corresponding evaluation result, which specifically includes:
通过以下公式，计算所述荷电状态对应的参数值：The parameter value corresponding to the state of charge is calculated by the following formula:
其中，SOC为初始荷电状态，满电时为100%，I为电池充放电电流，t为时间，C为电池总容量；Among them, SOC is the initial state of charge, which is 100% when fully charged, I is the battery charge and discharge current, t is the time, and C is the total capacity of the battery;
通过以下公式，计算所述电池健康状态对应的参数值：The parameter value corresponding to the battery health status is calculated by the following formula:
其中，为电池寿命终结时的电池内阻，为电池出厂时的内电阻，R为电池当前状态下的内阻，为补偿系数。in, is the internal resistance of the battery at the end of its life, is the internal resistance of the battery when it leaves the factory, R is the internal resistance of the battery in its current state, is the compensation coefficient.
在本申请的一种实现方式中，将所述电池组中的各单体电池调整至均衡状态之后，所述方法还包括：In one implementation of the present application, after adjusting each single battery in the battery pack to a balanced state, the method further includes:
当到达预设的均衡时间或是所述电池组出现异常状态时，控制所述充放电模块停止对所述电池组的放电操作。When the preset balancing time is reached or the battery pack is in an abnormal state, the charge and discharge module is controlled to stop the discharge operation on the battery pack.
本申请实施例提供了一种配网电池的状态监测装置，应用于预设的电池状态监测装置，所述装置包括数据采集模块、数据处理汇聚模块、充放电模块以及与上述模块均连接的微处理器，所述装置包括：The embodiment of the present application provides a state monitoring device for a distribution network battery, which is applied to a preset battery state monitoring device. The device includes a data acquisition module, a data processing and aggregation module, a charging and discharging module, and a microprocessor connected to the above modules. The device includes:
所述微处理器，用于控制所述充放电模块的充放电参数，以使电池组按照所述充放电参数对应的充放电频率，在多个循环周期内进行小电流脉冲放电；The microprocessor is used to control the charge and discharge parameters of the charge and discharge module so that the battery pack performs small current pulse discharge in multiple cycles according to the charge and discharge frequency corresponding to the charge and discharge parameters;
所述数据采集模块，用于采集所述电池组在每个循环周期内执行所述小电流脉冲放电时的电池状态参数，并将所述电池状态参数通过所述微处理器发送至所述数据处理汇聚模块；The data acquisition module is used to collect battery status parameters when the battery pack performs the small current pulse discharge in each cycle, and send the battery status parameters to the data processing and aggregation module through the microprocessor;
所述数据处理汇聚模块，用于基于预设的电池状态评估指标，对所述电池组进行状态评估，以确定所述电池状态参数在所述电池状态评估指标下对应的评估结果；The data processing and aggregation module is used to perform a status evaluation on the battery pack based on a preset battery status evaluation index to determine an evaluation result corresponding to the battery status parameter under the battery status evaluation index;
所述微处理器，用于根据所述评估结果，对所述电池组执行相应的维护操作，以对所述电池组中存在状态异常的单体电池进行状态预警。The microprocessor is used to perform corresponding maintenance operations on the battery pack according to the evaluation result, so as to issue a status warning for the single battery in the battery pack that has an abnormal status.
本申请实施例提供了一种配网电池的状态监测设备，所述设备包括：The present application provides a state monitoring device for a distribution network battery, the device comprising:
至少一个处理器；at least one processor;
以及，与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；and, a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor;
其中，所述存储器存储有可被所述至少一个处理器执行的指令，所述指令被所述至少一个处理器执行，以使所述至少一个处理器能够执行如上任一项所述的一种配网电池的状态监测方法。The memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute a distribution network battery status monitoring method as described in any one of the above items.
通过本申请提出的一种配网电池的状态监测方法能够带来如下有益效果：The state monitoring method of a distribution network battery proposed in this application can bring the following beneficial effects:
数据采集模块能够实时收集电池组的状态参数，而数据处理汇聚模块则基于预设的评估指标对这些参数进行准确评估，从而确保对电池组状态的准确掌握。基于评估结果，微处理器能够智能地对电池组采取相应的维护操作，确保电池组在最佳状态下运行，避免过充、过放等损害电池性能的行为，防止因电池问题导致的安全事故。通过小电流脉冲放电的方式，能够更准确地模拟电池组在实际使用中的工作状态，从而采集到更贴近真实情况的电池状态参数，这有助于更精确地评估电池组的健康状况。The data acquisition module can collect the status parameters of the battery pack in real time, while the data processing and aggregation module accurately evaluates these parameters based on the preset evaluation indicators, thereby ensuring accurate grasp of the battery pack status. Based on the evaluation results, the microprocessor can intelligently take corresponding maintenance operations on the battery pack to ensure that the battery pack operates in the best condition, avoid overcharging, over-discharging and other behaviors that damage battery performance, and prevent safety accidents caused by battery problems. Through the method of small current pulse discharge, the working state of the battery pack in actual use can be more accurately simulated, so as to collect battery status parameters that are closer to the actual situation, which helps to more accurately evaluate the health of the battery pack.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:
图1为本申请实施例提供的一种配网电池的状态监测方法的流程示意图；FIG1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring the status of a distribution network battery according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2为本申请实施例提供的一种测量原理示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a measurement principle provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图3为本申请实施例提供的一种电池的内部等效模型示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an internal equivalent model of a battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种配网电池的状态监测装置的结构示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a state monitoring device for a distribution network battery provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种配网电池的状态监测设备的结构示意图。FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distribution network battery status monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION
为使本申请的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本申请具体实施例及相应的附图对本申请技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application clearer, the technical solution of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the specific embodiments of the present application and the corresponding drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.
目前，对于蓄电池组的容量、蓄电池的电压、电流、温度等参数的测量，主要依靠人工定期巡检和在线式电压检测仪来完成。大致上分为两种测量方式：At present, the measurement of battery capacity, battery voltage, current, temperature and other parameters mainly relies on manual regular inspection and online voltage detectors. There are two measurement methods:
第一种，人工进行整组核对性放电，即把蓄电池组连接到负载箱，然后进行放电，一直放到截止电压为止，来验证蓄电池的容量。The first method is to manually perform a whole-group verification discharge, that is, connect the battery pack to the load box and then discharge it until the cut-off voltage is reached to verify the battery capacity.
第二种，电池容量是电池内阻增加或者功率衰减的指示，在使用过程中，如果内阻增大到使用功率受限，则说明电池达到了EOL条件，因此可以通过内阻进行计算。现在测量蓄电池内阻的方法有：Second, battery capacity is an indication of the increase in battery internal resistance or power attenuation. During use, if the internal resistance increases to the point where the power usage is limited, it means that the battery has reached the EOL condition, so it can be calculated using the internal resistance. The current methods for measuring battery internal resistance are:
（1）密度法，密度法主要是通过测量蓄电池电解液的密度来估算蓄电池的内阻，常用于开口型铅酸电池的内阻测量。(1) Density method: The density method mainly estimates the internal resistance of the battery by measuring the density of the battery electrolyte. It is often used to measure the internal resistance of open-type lead-acid batteries.
（2）开路电压法，开路电压法是通过测量蓄电池端电压来估算蓄电池的内阻，对于新电池比较适用，对旧电池误差很大，甚至得出错误结论。因为后备电源的蓄电池日常都是处在浮充状态下，即使蓄电池性能已经变得很差，电压仍可能表现的很正常。(2) Open circuit voltage method: The open circuit voltage method estimates the internal resistance of the battery by measuring the battery terminal voltage. It is more suitable for new batteries, but has a large error for old batteries and may even lead to wrong conclusions. Because the backup power battery is usually in a floating charge state, even if the battery performance has become very poor, the voltage may still appear normal.
（3）交流注入法，交流注入法是通过对蓄电池注入一个恒定的交流电流信号，然后测量出蓄电池两端的电压响应信号以及两者的相位差，计算得出蓄电池的内阻。(3) AC injection method: The AC injection method injects a constant AC current signal into the battery, then measures the voltage response signal at both ends of the battery and the phase difference between the two, and calculates the internal resistance of the battery.
（4）直流放电法，测试设备让电池在短时间内强制通过一个很大的恒定直流电流，测量开路电压和放电后电压，并按公式计算出当前的电池内阻。(4) DC discharge method: the test equipment forces a large constant DC current to pass through the battery in a short period of time, measures the open circuit voltage and the voltage after discharge, and calculates the current battery internal resistance according to the formula.
人工进行整组核对性放电，放电时间长，风险大，电池组须脱离系统，蓄电池组所存储的化学能全部以热能形式消耗掉，既浪费了电能又费时费力，效率低。Manual verification discharge of the entire group takes a long time and has great risks. The battery pack must be disconnected from the system, and the chemical energy stored in the battery pack is all consumed in the form of heat energy, which not only wastes electricity, but also is time-consuming and labor-intensive and has low efficiency.
其次，通过内阻进行计算容量时，内阻、电压、电流的测量误差将会直接影响容量的精确度。密度法常用于开口铅酸电池的内阻测量，不适合密封铅酸电池的内阻测量，适用范围较窄。开路电压法准确性较差，即使是容量变得很小的蓄电池，其端电压在重新浮充状态下仍可能表现正常。交流注入法需要测量交流电流信号、电压响应信号以及电压与电流之间的相位差，干扰因素多，而且增加了系统的复杂度，也影响了测量精度。直流放电法要求必须在静态或脱机的状态下，才能实现内阻的测量，无法真正实现蓄电池的在线测量。因为后备电源系统中的蓄电池都处于浮充状态下，开路电压实际为浮充电压，而浮充电压反映的不是电池本身的电压，所以直接采用这种方法进行在线内阻测量，误差也较大。Secondly, when calculating the capacity through internal resistance, the measurement errors of internal resistance, voltage and current will directly affect the accuracy of the capacity. The density method is often used to measure the internal resistance of open lead-acid batteries, but is not suitable for the internal resistance of sealed lead-acid batteries, and has a narrow scope of application. The open circuit voltage method has poor accuracy. Even if the capacity of a battery becomes very small, its terminal voltage may still be normal when it is re-floating. The AC injection method requires the measurement of the AC current signal, the voltage response signal, and the phase difference between the voltage and the current. There are many interference factors, which increases the complexity of the system and affects the measurement accuracy. The DC discharge method requires that the internal resistance can only be measured in a static or offline state, and it is impossible to truly realize the online measurement of the battery. Because the batteries in the backup power supply system are all in a floating charge state, the open circuit voltage is actually the floating charge voltage, and the floating charge voltage does not reflect the voltage of the battery itself, so the error is also large when this method is directly used for online internal resistance measurement.
因此，本申请实施例提供了一种能够对蓄电池组进行实时状态检测的方法，通过改进测量蓄电池内阻的测量方式，有效提高了配网电池状态检测的准确度和检测效率。Therefore, the embodiment of the present application provides a method for real-time status detection of a battery pack, which effectively improves the accuracy and efficiency of distribution network battery status detection by improving the measurement method of the internal resistance of the battery.
以下结合附图，详细说明本申请各实施例提供的技术方案。The technical solutions provided by various embodiments of the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
如图1所示，本申请实施例提供的一种配网电池的状态监测方法，应用于预设的电池状态监测装置，装置包括数据采集模块、数据处理汇聚模块、充放电模块以及与上述模块均连接的微处理器，包括：As shown in FIG1 , a state monitoring method for a distribution network battery provided in an embodiment of the present application is applied to a preset battery state monitoring device, the device including a data acquisition module, a data processing and aggregation module, a charging and discharging module, and a microprocessor connected to the above modules, including:
S101：通过微处理器，控制充放电模块的充放电参数，以使电池组按照充放电参数对应的充放电频率，在多个循环周期内进行小电流脉冲放电。S101: Controlling the charge and discharge parameters of the charge and discharge module through a microprocessor so that the battery pack performs small current pulse discharge in multiple cycles according to the charge and discharge frequency corresponding to the charge and discharge parameters.
微处理器采用ARM Cortex-M4处理器，通过微处理器控制充放电模块的充放电参数，能够使得电池组按照充放电参数对应的充放电频率，在多个循环周期内进行小电流脉冲放电。利用脉冲小电流放电，可以有效减小对电池组的损耗，消除纹波电流的干扰，同时，经采样保持和差分放大，能够放大压差，提高信号幅度，有效提高状态检测的准确度。The microprocessor uses an ARM Cortex-M4 processor. By controlling the charge and discharge parameters of the charge and discharge module through the microprocessor, the battery pack can be discharged with a small current pulse in multiple cycles according to the charge and discharge frequency corresponding to the charge and discharge parameters. The use of pulsed small current discharge can effectively reduce the loss of the battery pack and eliminate the interference of ripple current. At the same time, through sampling and holding and differential amplification, the voltage difference can be amplified, the signal amplitude can be increased, and the accuracy of state detection can be effectively improved.
S102：通过数据采集模块，采集电池组在每个循环周期内执行小电流脉冲放电时的电池状态参数，并将电池状态参数通过微处理器发送至数据处理汇聚模块。S102: The data acquisition module collects battery status parameters when the battery pack performs low-current pulse discharge in each cycle, and sends the battery status parameters to the data processing and aggregation module through the microprocessor.
每进行完一次小电流脉冲放电，数据采集模块都会采集电池组在当前循环周期内的电池状态参数，比如，电压、电流、温度等。上述电池状态参数经过微处理器发送至数据处理汇聚模块，数据处理汇聚模块在接收到电池状态参数后，首先需要通过采样ADC取得数字量，然后将其转换为与温度、电压、电流等真实值。After each small current pulse discharge, the data acquisition module will collect the battery status parameters of the battery pack in the current cycle, such as voltage, current, temperature, etc. The above battery status parameters are sent to the data processing and aggregation module through the microprocessor. After receiving the battery status parameters, the data processing and aggregation module first needs to obtain the digital quantity through the sampling ADC, and then convert it into the real value of temperature, voltage, current, etc.
需要说明的是，在电池状态参数的测量中，电压和电流的采集采用开尔文4线制测量法，如图2所示的一种测量原理示意图，R为被测器件，为引线和接触电阻电阻，U为电压表，最右侧的为电流源。电流源给R和两个施加电流，用电压表测量R和两个间的电压。由于电压表的输入阻抗远大于，因此在上几乎不会产生压降，其测量出来的电压为R两端电压。这种方式可以较好地消除线路影响，提高测量精度。此外，采样频率的选择需要考虑电池电压变化的动态响应，一般大于等于10Hz。It should be noted that in the measurement of battery status parameters, the voltage and current are collected using the Kelvin 4-wire measurement method, as shown in a measurement principle diagram in FIG2 , where R is the device under test, is the lead and contact resistance, U is the voltmeter, and the rightmost is the current source. The current source gives R and two Apply current and use a voltmeter to measure R and the two Since the input impedance of the voltmeter is much larger than , so in There is almost no voltage drop on the battery, and the measured voltage is the voltage across R. This method can effectively eliminate the influence of the line and improve the measurement accuracy. In addition, the selection of the sampling frequency needs to consider the dynamic response of the battery voltage change, which is generally greater than or equal to 10Hz.
S103：通过数据处理汇聚模块，基于预设的电池状态评估指标，对电池组进行状态评估，以确定电池状态参数在电池状态评估指标下对应的评估结果。S103: Performing a status evaluation on the battery pack based on a preset battery status evaluation index through a data processing and aggregation module to determine an evaluation result corresponding to the battery status parameter under the battery status evaluation index.
数据处理汇聚模块在接收到电池状态参数后，基于预设的电池状态评估指标，按照每个电池状态评估指标对应的评估方式，对电池组进行状态评估，从而得到电池状态参数在电池状态指标下对应的评估结果。After receiving the battery status parameters, the data processing and aggregation module evaluates the battery pack status based on the preset battery status evaluation indicators and in accordance with the evaluation method corresponding to each battery status evaluation indicator, thereby obtaining the evaluation results corresponding to the battery status parameters under the battery status indicators.
在一个实施例中，电池状态参数包括电压、电流和温度，在对电池组进行状态评估时，需要对电池状态评估指标进行划分，不仅需要考虑到上述能够评估电池组实时运行状态的第一电池状态评估指标，比如，电压、电流、温度、内阻等，还需要考虑到能够评估电池组持续运行状态的第二电池状态评估指标，比如荷电状态、电池健康状态。针对与第一电池状态评估指标相匹配的第一电池状态参数，根据第一电池状态评估指标对应的指标范围，对第一电池状态参数进行评估，以通过得到的评估结果，确定第一电池状态参数是否符合指标范围。针对与第二电池状态评估指标相匹配的第二电池状态参数，根据预设的评估方式，计算第二电池状态参数对应的参数值，得到对应的评估结果。In one embodiment, the battery status parameters include voltage, current and temperature. When evaluating the status of the battery pack, it is necessary to divide the battery status evaluation indicators. Not only the first battery status evaluation indicators that can evaluate the real-time operating status of the battery pack, such as voltage, current, temperature, internal resistance, etc., need to be considered, but also the second battery status evaluation indicators that can evaluate the continuous operating status of the battery pack, such as state of charge and battery health status, need to be considered. For the first battery status parameter that matches the first battery status evaluation indicator, the first battery status parameter is evaluated according to the indicator range corresponding to the first battery status evaluation indicator, so as to determine whether the first battery status parameter meets the indicator range through the obtained evaluation result. For the second battery status parameter that matches the second battery status evaluation indicator, the parameter value corresponding to the second battery status parameter is calculated according to the preset evaluation method to obtain the corresponding evaluation result.
其中，第二电池状态参数包括荷电状态（SOC）和电池健康状态（SOH），SOC是用来反映电池的剩余容量的，指的是电池当前所剩电荷量和额定电荷量的比值。SOH是用来反映电池的容量的健康值的，指的是当前电池相对于新电池存储电能的能力，指的是当前电池满电能量和新鲜态电池满电能量的比值。SOH是电池内阻增加或者功率衰减的指示，一般来说，新出厂的电池的SOH被设定为100%，随着电池的使用时间增加，电池在不断老化，SOH逐渐降低，当电池的容量能力下降到80%时，即SOH小于80%时就应该更换电池。在使用过程中，如果内阻增大到使用功率受限，则说明电池达到了EOL条件，因此SOH可以通过内阻进行计算。Among them, the second battery status parameter includes the state of charge (SOC) and the battery health state (SOH). SOC is used to reflect the remaining capacity of the battery, which refers to the ratio of the current remaining charge of the battery to the rated charge. SOH is used to reflect the health value of the battery capacity, which refers to the ability of the current battery to store electrical energy relative to a new battery, and refers to the ratio of the current fully charged energy of the battery to the fully charged energy of the fresh battery. SOH is an indication of an increase in the internal resistance of the battery or power attenuation. Generally speaking, the SOH of a newly manufactured battery is set to 100%. As the battery is used for a longer time, the battery is aging and the SOH gradually decreases. When the battery capacity drops to 80%, that is, when the SOH is less than 80%, the battery should be replaced. During use, if the internal resistance increases to the point where the power usage is limited, it means that the battery has reached the EOL condition, so the SOH can be calculated by the internal resistance.
因此，在计算SOC和SOH对应的参数值时，可分别通过以下公式进行：Therefore, when calculating the parameter values corresponding to SOC and SOH, the following formulas can be used respectively:
计算荷电状态对应的参数值：Calculate the parameter values corresponding to the state of charge:
其中，SOC为初始荷电状态，满电时为100%，I为电池充放电电流，t为时间，C为电池总容量；Among them, SOC is the initial state of charge, which is 100% when fully charged, I is the battery charge and discharge current, t is the time, and C is the total capacity of the battery;
计算电池健康状态对应的参数值：Calculate the parameter values corresponding to the battery health status:
其中，为电池寿命终结时的电池内阻，为电池出厂时的内电阻，R为电池当前状态下的内阻，为补偿系数。in, is the internal resistance of the battery at the end of its life, is the internal resistance of the battery when it leaves the factory, R is the internal resistance of the battery in its current state, is the compensation coefficient.
需要说明的是，对于电压、电流、温度这种能够通过直接测量方式得到的电池状态参数，通过比对其真实值以及第一电池状态评估指标的指标范围是否匹配，便可确定当前电池组的运行状态是否存在异常。而对于内阻这种需要采取特定测量方式才能测得真实值的电池状态参数，需要对现有的内阻测量方式进行改进，进而通过改进后的内阻测量方法，提高测量结果的准确度。It should be noted that for battery status parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature that can be obtained by direct measurement, by comparing their true values with the indicator range of the first battery status evaluation indicator, it is possible to determine whether the current operating status of the battery pack is abnormal. For battery status parameters such as internal resistance that require a specific measurement method to measure the true value, it is necessary to improve the existing internal resistance measurement method, and then improve the accuracy of the measurement result through the improved internal resistance measurement method.
电池组（蓄电池组）由多个单体电池组成，对电池组内部电阻进行分析，可以将内阻分为分为金属电阻（也就是欧姆电阻Rm），以及电化学电阻Re，包括电化学反应电阻和粒子浓差极化电阻，以及容抗部分C。法拉第电容U因为其恒压特性，可以将其等效为一个电压源，其他容抗都等效变化为多个电容并联形式，基于此，电池的内部等效模型可以简化为图3所示。Rm为金属电阻，这部分的电阻只是随着金属的腐蚀、蠕变、硫化等因素而缓慢地变化着。电化学电阻Re则是随着容量的状态而时刻发生着变化的，但是这部分的变化又为并联着的电容的容抗变化所掩盖着。在交流情况下，由于电容C比较大,大部分电流流经电容，而Re上分流较少，此时检测到的实际上是由Rm和C串联的阻抗。为了避开C的分流，直接由电池产生一个瞬时的放电电流，然后测出电池极柱上电压的瞬间变化，通过负载接通时的瞬间电压降和断开负载时的瞬间电压恢复可以推导出相应的内阻。The battery pack (storage battery pack) is composed of multiple single cells. By analyzing the internal resistance of the battery pack, the internal resistance can be divided into metal resistance (that is, ohmic resistance Rm), electrochemical resistance Re, including electrochemical reaction resistance and particle concentration polarization resistance, and capacitive reactance C. Because of its constant voltage characteristics, the Faraday capacitor U can be equivalent to a voltage source, and other capacitive reactances are equivalent to multiple capacitors in parallel. Based on this, the internal equivalent model of the battery can be simplified as shown in Figure 3. Rm is a metal resistor, and this part of the resistance only changes slowly with factors such as metal corrosion, creep, and sulfidation. The electrochemical resistance Re changes all the time with the state of the capacity, but this part of the change is masked by the capacitive reactance change of the parallel capacitor. In the case of AC, since the capacitor C is relatively large, most of the current flows through the capacitor, and there is less shunting on Re. At this time, what is detected is actually the impedance of Rm and C in series. In order to avoid the shunting of C, an instantaneous discharge current is directly generated by the battery, and then the instantaneous change of the voltage on the battery pole is measured. The corresponding internal resistance can be deduced through the instantaneous voltage drop when the load is connected and the instantaneous voltage recovery when the load is disconnected.
结合上述内阻检测原理，通过微处理器，采用小电流脉冲放电法对电池组进行快速脉冲放电，将一组电池组分成多个循环周期（本申请实施例中设为n个循环），每次测量内阻时先对第一个循环周期进行放电，结束后再对第二个循环周期进行放电，采集每次电池组的放电数据，取得压降后测出电池的内阻。放电负载采用了恒流负载，确保电压变化时每次放电的电流不变。进行多次测量后，通过计算平均值推导出稳定内阻数据。Combined with the above-mentioned internal resistance detection principle, a microprocessor is used to perform rapid pulse discharge on the battery pack using a small current pulse discharge method, and a group of battery packs is divided into multiple cycles (set to n cycles in the embodiment of the present application). Each time the internal resistance is measured, the first cycle is discharged first, and then the second cycle is discharged after the end. The discharge data of each battery pack is collected, and the internal resistance of the battery is measured after the voltage drop is obtained. The discharge load uses a constant current load to ensure that the current of each discharge remains unchanged when the voltage changes. After multiple measurements, the stable internal resistance data is derived by calculating the average value.
因此，针对第一电池状态评估指标中的内阻指标，在根据该内阻指标对电池组进行状态评估之前，首先需获取电池组在多个循环周期内的指定电池状态参数变化量，根据指定电池状态参数变化量，得到与内阻指标相匹配的内阻参数。这里的指定电池状态参数包括电压参数和电流参数。Therefore, for the internal resistance index in the first battery state evaluation index, before evaluating the state of the battery pack according to the internal resistance index, it is first necessary to obtain the change amount of the specified battery state parameter of the battery pack in multiple cycles, and obtain the internal resistance parameter matching the internal resistance index according to the change amount of the specified battery state parameter. The specified battery state parameter here includes voltage parameter and current parameter.
在获取到多个循环周期内的电压变化量和电流变化量后，计算多个循环周期内指定电池状态参数变化量的均值，然后根据均值，得到内阻参数。具体通过以下公式表示：After obtaining the voltage change and current change in multiple cycles, the average of the changes in the specified battery state parameters in multiple cycles is calculated, and then the internal resistance parameter is obtained based on the average. It is specifically expressed by the following formula:
其中，R代表电池的内阻，和代表电池组第n次放电时，放电后的电压和电流，和代表电池组第n次放电时，放电前的电压和电流。Where R represents the internal resistance of the battery. and Represents the voltage and current after the battery pack is discharged for the nth time. and Represents the voltage and current before discharge when the battery pack is discharged for the nth time.
在一个实施例中，在电池间容量存在一致性差异时，会导致电池组整体可用电量下降及SOC估算不准以致出现充放电末端出现跳变。因此，数据处理汇聚模块在对电池状态进行评估时，需要使得电池单体电压或电池组电压偏差保持在预期的范围内，从而保证每个单体电池在正常的使用时保持相同状态，以避免过充、过放等异常的发生。基于此，本申请实施例被动均衡算法，运用电阻器件，将高电压或者高荷电量电池的能量消耗掉，以达到减小不同单体电池之间差距的目的。In one embodiment, when there is a consistency difference in capacity between batteries, the overall available power of the battery pack will decrease and the SOC estimation will be inaccurate, resulting in a jump at the end of charging and discharging. Therefore, when the data processing and convergence module evaluates the battery status, it is necessary to keep the battery cell voltage or battery pack voltage deviation within the expected range, so as to ensure that each single cell maintains the same state during normal use to avoid abnormalities such as overcharging and over-discharging. Based on this, the passive balancing algorithm of the embodiment of the present application uses a resistor device to consume the energy of high-voltage or high-charge batteries to achieve the purpose of reducing the gap between different single cells.
具体地，根据电压对应的评估结果，确定电池中各单体电池对应的单体电压是否均衡。若否，向充放电模块发送小电流放电指令，通过小电流放电指令，控制充放电模块对电池组执行相应的放电操作，以将电池组中的各单体电池调整至均衡状态。Specifically, according to the evaluation result corresponding to the voltage, it is determined whether the single cell voltages corresponding to each single cell in the battery are balanced. If not, a small current discharge instruction is sent to the charge and discharge module, and the charge and discharge module is controlled to perform a corresponding discharge operation on the battery pack through the small current discharge instruction to adjust each single cell in the battery pack to a balanced state.
其中，在判断单体电压是否均衡时，根据电池状态参数中的电压参数，计算电池组的电压均值，并从电池组中选取对应电压最大的单体电池作为用于评估单体电压是否均衡的目标单体电池。获取预设的触发阈值范围，将目标单体电池对应的电压与电压均值之间的差值，与触发阈值范围进行对比，以确定差值是否处于触发阈值范围内。如果差值处于该触发阈值范围内，那么便可确定此时电池组中各单体电池对应的单体电压不均衡。比如，设定的触发阈值范围为，当目标单体电池的电压与平均值的差值达到50mV起动均衡过程，5mV结束均衡。按照固定的采集周期采集每一个单体电压，并根据单体电压计算电池组的电压均值，再计算每只电芯电压与电压均值的差值。将差值与设定触发阈值范围比较，若最大的差值在触发阈值范围内，即目标单体电池的电压在触发阈值范围内，此时则需要触发均衡程序。Among them, when judging whether the single cell voltage is balanced, the voltage mean of the battery pack is calculated according to the voltage parameter in the battery state parameter, and the single cell with the largest corresponding voltage is selected from the battery pack as the target single cell for evaluating whether the single cell voltage is balanced. Obtain the preset trigger threshold range, and compare the difference between the voltage corresponding to the target single cell and the voltage mean with the trigger threshold range to determine whether the difference is within the trigger threshold range. If the difference is within the trigger threshold range, it can be determined that the single cell voltages corresponding to each single cell in the battery pack are unbalanced at this time. For example, the set trigger threshold range is that when the difference between the voltage of the target single cell and the average value reaches 50mV, the balancing process starts, and 5mV ends the balancing. Collect each single cell voltage according to a fixed collection cycle, calculate the voltage mean of the battery pack according to the single cell voltage, and then calculate the difference between the voltage of each cell and the voltage mean. Compare the difference with the set trigger threshold range. If the maximum difference is within the trigger threshold range, that is, the voltage of the target single cell is within the trigger threshold range, then the balancing program needs to be triggered.
需要说明的是，当到达预设的均衡时间或是电池组出现异常状态时（比如电池欠压、电池高低温故障、均衡故障、均衡电阻过温等），控制充放电模块停止对电池组的放电操作，结束均衡控制。It should be noted that when the preset balancing time is reached or the battery pack is in an abnormal state (such as battery undervoltage, battery high and low temperature failure, balancing failure, balancing resistor overtemperature, etc.), the charge and discharge module is controlled to stop the discharge operation of the battery pack and end the balancing control.
S104：通过微处理器，根据评估结果，对电池组执行相应的维护操作，以对电池组中存在状态异常的单体电池进行状态预警。S104: performing corresponding maintenance operations on the battery pack according to the evaluation result through the microprocessor, so as to issue a status warning for the single cells in the battery pack that are in abnormal status.
在数据处理汇聚模块对电池组进行状态评估后，评估结果将会发送至微处理器，通过微处理器，能够根据评估结果对电池组进行相应的维护操作，从而对评估结果为状态异常的单体电池进行状态预警。如图4所示，电池状态监测装置中还设有指示灯、显示模块和通信模块，当检测到蓄电池异常时，微处理器控制指示灯闪烁提示和声音报警，提示相应的管理人员当前蓄电池组的状态存在异常。显示模块主要用于人机交互，可对电池电压、电流、温度、容量等参数通过按键选择进行实时显示。通信模块通过过RS485接口、蓝牙、4G与PC上位机建立有线或无线通信。After the data processing and convergence module evaluates the status of the battery pack, the evaluation results will be sent to the microprocessor. Through the microprocessor, the battery pack can be maintained according to the evaluation results, so as to issue status warnings for the single cells with abnormal status. As shown in Figure 4, the battery status monitoring device is also equipped with an indicator light, a display module and a communication module. When an abnormal battery is detected, the microprocessor controls the indicator light to flash and the sound alarm to prompt the corresponding management personnel that the current battery pack status is abnormal. The display module is mainly used for human-computer interaction, and can display battery voltage, current, temperature, capacity and other parameters in real time through key selection. The communication module establishes wired or wireless communication with the PC host computer through the RS485 interface, Bluetooth, and 4G.
以上为本申请提出的方法实施例。基于同样的思路，本申请的一些实施例还提供了上述方法对应的装置。The above are embodiments of the method proposed in this application. Based on the same idea, some embodiments of this application also provide devices corresponding to the above methods.
图4为本申请实施例提供的一种配网电池的状态监测设备的装置示意图。如图4所示，包括数据采集模块、数据处理汇聚模块、充放电模块以及与上述模块均连接的微处理器，装置包括：FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a device for monitoring the state of a distribution network battery provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG4 , the device includes a data acquisition module, a data processing and aggregation module, a charging and discharging module, and a microprocessor connected to the above modules. The device includes:
微处理器，用于控制充放电模块的充放电参数，以使电池组按照充放电参数对应的充放电频率，在多个循环周期内进行小电流脉冲放电；A microprocessor is used to control the charge and discharge parameters of the charge and discharge module so that the battery pack performs small current pulse discharge in multiple cycles according to the charge and discharge frequency corresponding to the charge and discharge parameters;
数据采集模块，用于采集电池组在每个循环周期内执行小电流脉冲放电时的电池状态参数，并将电池状态参数通过微处理器发送至数据处理汇聚模块；A data acquisition module is used to collect battery status parameters when the battery pack performs small current pulse discharge in each cycle, and send the battery status parameters to the data processing and aggregation module through a microprocessor;
数据处理汇聚模块，用于基于预设的电池状态评估指标，对电池组进行状态评估，以确定电池状态参数在电池状态评估指标下对应的评估结果；A data processing and aggregation module is used to perform a status evaluation on the battery pack based on a preset battery status evaluation index to determine an evaluation result corresponding to the battery status parameter under the battery status evaluation index;
微处理器，用于根据评估结果，对电池组执行相应的维护操作，以对电池组中存在状态异常的单体电池进行状态预警。The microprocessor is used to perform corresponding maintenance operations on the battery pack according to the evaluation results, so as to issue status warnings for single cells in the battery pack that are in abnormal status.
图5为本申请实施例提供的一种配网电池的状态监测设备的结构示意图。如图5所示，包括：FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a distribution network battery status monitoring device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG5 , it includes:
至少一个处理器；以及，at least one processor; and,
至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器；其中，at least one processor is communicatively connected to a memory; wherein,
存储器存储有可被至少一个处理器执行的指令，指令被至少一个处理器执行，以使至少一个处理器能够执行如上任一项所述的一种配网电池的状态监测方法。The memory stores instructions that can be executed by at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute a distribution network battery status monitoring method as described in any one of the above items.
本申请中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其，对于设备和介质实施例而言，由于其基本相似于方法实施例，所以描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。Each embodiment in this application is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the device and medium embodiments, since they are basically similar to the method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.
本申请实施例提供的设备和介质与方法是一一对应的，因此，设备和介质也具有与其对应的方法类似的有益技术效果，由于上面已经对方法的有益技术效果进行了详细说明，因此，这里不再赘述设备和介质的有益技术效果。The devices and media provided in the embodiments of the present application correspond one-to-one to the methods. Therefore, the devices and media also have similar beneficial technical effects as the corresponding methods. Since the beneficial technical effects of the methods have been described in detail above, the beneficial technical effects of the devices and media will not be repeated here.
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| CN202410970806.7ACN118519052A (en) | 2024-07-19 | 2024-07-19 | State monitoring method and device for distribution network battery |
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| CN202410970806.7ACN118519052A (en) | 2024-07-19 | 2024-07-19 | State monitoring method and device for distribution network battery |
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