Bone milling cutter with adjustable angleTechnical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an angle-adjustable bone milling cutter.
Background
In the field of orthopaedics or related surgical operations, such as spinal, knee, neurosurgery, etc., bone cutting mills are commonly used to mill vertebral plates, skull plates or other bone tissue, the milling effect being optimal only when the milling cutter head and bone tissue are kept as vertical as possible. In the prior art, a skull milling cutter (publication number: CN 220558062U) capable of being washed and a Chinese patent for a sheath of a bone cutting cutter and a medical milling cutter (publication number: CN 218484617U) disclosed in the prior art, although the milling effect of the skull milling cutter and the medical milling cutter can be improved, the cutter head of the milling cutter is fixed and cannot be adjusted according to the shape and structure of bone tissue, and the whole milling cutter can be generally only taken out and reinserted after the direction and angle are adjusted, or the whole milling cutter is required to be adjusted in a large range without taking out, so that the operation is inconvenient in a narrow operation cavity or a complex operation environment, the operation difficulty and time are increased, and if the bone tissue is not in a regular straight plate shape, the cutter head cannot be always kept in a vertical state with the tissue, and the milling effect is further reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an angle-adjustable bone milling cutter, which solves the problem that the existing bone milling cutter cannot conveniently adjust the angle in the operation process.
An angle-adjustable bone milling cutter comprises a milling cutter, a main shaft, a protective boot and an angle adjusting component;
the milling cutter comprises a cutter head, a cutter edge and a cutter tail, wherein the cutter tail is in transmission connection with the main shaft through a universal joint, and the cutter head is clamped with the protective boot, so that the milling cutter can rotate through the rotation of the protective boot;
the outer part of the main shaft is provided with an angle adjusting component, and the angle adjusting component comprises a driven piece, a spring, an adjusting cylinder and a shell;
The follower and the boots are in running fit and are limited through the shell, and the follower drives to move through the adjusting cylinder and is reset through the spring.
Further, the main shaft comprises a shaft head, a tail shaft body and a middle step positioned between the shaft head and the tail shaft body;
the outer walls of the shaft head and the tail shaft body are sleeved with bearings;
the outer part of the middle step is sleeved with a spacer bush, the spacer bush is limited by bearings at two ends, the outer side of the spacer bush is sleeved with a bearing outer sleeve, and the driven piece is arranged on the outer wall of the bearing outer sleeve in a sliding manner.
Further, the bearing outer sleeve comprises a first step, a second step and a third step, the heights of the first step, the second step and the third step are sequentially increased, an external thread is arranged on the outer wall of the second step, and an internal thread is arranged on the inner wall of the third step;
The wall surface of the first step is provided with a limiting plane, and a radial connecting and fixing inner hole is arranged on the limiting plane.
Further, the driven piece comprises a sliding cylinder and a Z-shaped rod which are integrally formed, the Z-shaped rod is located on the end face of the sliding cylinder, and a round hole is formed in the head of the Z-shaped rod.
Further, the boot comprises a boot head, a boot rod and a boot body, wherein two ends of the boot rod are respectively connected with the boot head and the boot body;
The boot head is provided with a jack, and the tool bit is inserted into the jack;
The boot body is arc-shaped block-shaped, a clamping groove and a ball head groove are formed in the boot body, a pin hole is formed in the groove wall of the clamping groove, the pin hole corresponds to the round hole, and the boot is enabled to rotate around the connecting pin by inserting the connecting pin into the pin hole and the round hole.
Further, the shell is cylindrical, the end face of one end of the shell is provided with a rotary ball head, the side wall of the shell is provided with an axial clearance groove, and the head of the Z-shaped rod of the driven piece is positioned in the clearance groove;
the rotary ball head is inserted in the ball head groove and is in running fit with the boot body;
An inner step is arranged on the inner wall of one end of the shell, a connecting and fixing outer hole is arranged on the inner step, and the connecting and fixing outer hole corresponds to the connecting and fixing inner hole in position and size.
Further, the handle installation department includes connecting axle sleeve, inner shell and locking ring, and the connecting axle sleeve cover is established and is connected the outer wall at the main shaft, and the inner shell setting is in the outside of connecting axle sleeve and with bearing outer sleeve threaded connection, the locking ring setting is in the outside of inner shell.
Further, a plurality of through holes are further formed in the side wall of the inner shell, steel balls are arranged in the through holes, and the power handle is clamped through the steel balls.
Further, the universal joint comprises a front shaft sleeve and a rear shaft sleeve, a clamping hole is formed in the side wall of the front shaft sleeve, and the cutter tail is inserted into the front shaft sleeve and fixed by inserting a clamping column into the clamping hole.
Further, an arc-shaped groove and a key groove are also arranged on the front shaft sleeve;
The rear shaft sleeve is also provided with an extension section of a key groove, and connecting keys are arranged in the key groove and the extension section of the key groove and are rotationally connected with the front shaft sleeve through a pin rod;
the main shaft is inserted into the rear shaft sleeve, a convex ball block is arranged on the rear shaft sleeve, and the convex ball block is inserted into the arc-shaped groove and is rotationally arranged.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The milling cutter is movably connected with the main shaft through the universal joint, the main shaft is detachably connected with the power handle through the handle mounting part, so that cutting power is transmitted to the milling cutter, the protective shoe is rotationally connected with the shell and is driven and limited through the driven part, the driven part is pushed to move through the adjusting cylinder and is reset through the spring, when the angle of the milling cutter needs to be adjusted, a user can push the driven part to move forwards through the rotating adjusting cylinder, the driven part is moved to push the protective shoe to rotate around the rotating ball head on the shell, the protective shoe rotates to drive the milling cutter connected with the protective shoe to rotate around the universal joint for a certain angle, and therefore the working angle of the milling cutter is adjusted.
(2) The angle adjustment precision of the milling cutter is high, the adjustment angle of the milling cutter is determined by the rotation amplitude of the protective boots, the rotation amplitude of the protective boots is determined by the movement distance of the driven piece, the movement distance of the driven piece is determined by the axial movement length of the adjusting cylinder, the adjusting cylinder is in threaded connection with the outer sleeve of the bearing, when the adjusting cylinder rotates for one circle, the rotation amplitude of the protective boots is very fine, the large-amplitude rotation of the milling cutter is avoided, the precision in the operation process is improved, and all parts adopt mechanical transmission and are stable and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall external structure of a bone milling cutter according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bone mill of the present invention along a central axis;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the bone milling cutter of the present invention after concealing the housing, adjustment cylinder and locking ring;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of a milling cutter and a universal joint according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the milling cutter according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the front sleeve according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the rear sleeve according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the spindle structure of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a connecting sleeve according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the spacer of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a bearing outer sleeve according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the outer sleeve of the bearing of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the follower structure of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the construction of the boot of the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a housing according to the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a second schematic view of the structure of the housing according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the inner shell according to the present invention;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the inner housing of the present invention;
FIG. 19 is a schematic view of the structure of the adjustment cylinder of the present invention;
Fig. 20 is a schematic structural view of a locking ring according to the present invention.
In the drawing, the milling cutter, the 101-tool bit, the 102-cutting edge, the 103-tool tail, the 104-clamping column, the 2-main shaft, the 201-spindle head, the 202-tail shaft body, the 203-middle step, the 204-radial hole, the 205-plug pin, the 3-connecting shaft sleeve, the 4-bearing, the 5-spacer sleeve, the 6-bearing outer sleeve, the 601-internal thread, the 602-external thread, the 603-first step, the 604-second step, the 605-third step, the 606-connecting inner hole, the 607-limiting plane, the 7-driven piece, the 701-sliding cylinder, the 702-Z-shaped rod, the 8-spring, the 9-adjusting cylinder, the 10-outer shell, the 1001-rotating ball head, the 1002-internal step, the 1003-avoiding groove, the 1004-connecting outer hole, the 11-protecting shoe, the 1101-plug head, the 1102-shoe rod, the 1103-shoe body, the 1104-clamping groove, the 1405-pin hole, the 1106-connecting pin, the 1107-ball head groove, the 12-inner shell, the 1202-butt thread, the 1203-1204-sealing ring, the through hole, the 13-locking ring, the 14-locking ring, the 1201-locking ring, the 9-adjusting cylinder, the 10-outer sleeve, the 10-housing, the 1001-rotating ball head, the 1002-plug, the arc-shaped groove, the plug and the plug, the plug pin, the 1405-shaped hole, the 1403, the plug and the arc-shaped pin and the plug.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples are illustrated for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the present invention provides an angle-adjustable bone milling cutter comprising a milling cutter 1, a spindle 2, a bearing outer sleeve 6, a boot 11, a handle mount and an angle adjustment assembly. The milling cutter 1 is used for cutting bone tissue in operation, the main shaft 2 is used for providing rotary and movable power for the milling cutter 1 to drive the milling cutter 1 to operate, the guard shoes 11 are used for adjusting deflection angles of the milling cutter 1 to enable the milling cutter 1 to be always vertical to the bone tissue, the handle mounting part is used for being connected with a power handle (not shown in the figure), the power handle outputs rotary power to drive the main shaft 2 to operate, and the angle adjusting assembly is used for assisting the guard shoes 11 to adjust deflection angles and movement of the milling cutter 1.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the milling cutter 1 comprises a cutter head 101, a cutting edge 102 and a cutter tail 103, wherein the cutter head 101 is inserted into a boot 1101 of a boot 11, the shape of the cutter head is suitable for the boot 1101 and can rotate relative to the boot 1101, for example, the cutter head 101 is arranged to be cylindrical, the cutting edge 102 comprises a plurality of cutting edges which are uniformly distributed on a cutter body, the size of the position of the cutter body is larger than that of the cutter head 101, the cutter tail 103 is cylindrical, one end of the cutter tail 103 is fixedly connected with the cutter body, the other end of the cutter tail is provided with a U-shaped groove at the end face, meanwhile, the middle part of the cutter tail 103 is provided with a circle of annular groove, the cutter tail 103 is coaxially connected with a spindle 2 through a universal joint 14 so as to drive the milling cutter 1 to rotate, and the annular groove in the middle of the cutter tail 103 is used for being matched with a clamping column 104, so that the cutter tail 103 is firmly connected to the universal joint 14.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the universal joint 14 includes a front bushing 1401 and a rear bushing 1402.
The front shaft sleeve 1401 is cylindrical, hollow inside, a clamping hole 1408 is formed in the side wall, the clamping hole 1408 penetrates through the outer wall and the inner wall and is formed in the radial direction, the clamping hole 1408 comprises four ring-shaped evenly distributed holes, the four ring-shaped evenly distributed holes correspond to a ring groove in the middle of the cutter tail 103, the cutter tail 103 is inserted into the front shaft sleeve 1401, and the clamping column 104 is inserted into the clamping hole 1408 to enable the clamping column 104 to connect and fix the front shaft sleeve 1401 and the cutter tail 103. The front shaft sleeve 1401 is further provided with an arc-shaped groove 1403 and a key groove 1405 at one end far away from the cutter head 101, the key groove 1405 is distributed along the axial direction of the front shaft sleeve 1401, the arc-shaped groove 1403 is distributed on the end face wall of the front shaft sleeve 1401, and the arc-shaped groove 1403 comprises two axially symmetrically distributed grooves.
The rear shaft sleeve 1402 is also in a hollow columnar structure, two convex ball blocks 1404 are arranged on the end face of one end of the rear shaft sleeve 1402, the positions and the shapes of the convex ball blocks 1404 are matched with those of the arc-shaped grooves 1403, and the convex ball blocks 1404 are inserted into the arc-shaped grooves 1403 so that the front shaft sleeve 1401 and the rear shaft sleeve 1402 can mutually rotate within a certain angle range. An extension section of the key slot 1405 is also arranged on the outer side wall of the rear shaft sleeve 1402, the width of the key slot of the extension section is the same as that of the key slot 1405 on the front shaft sleeve 1401, meanwhile, the key slot of the extension section does not penetrate through the side wall of the rear shaft sleeve 1402 in the radial direction, and the power can be transmitted in the circumferential direction by arranging the same connecting key 1406 in the key slot 1405 of the front shaft sleeve 1401 and the key slot 1405 extension section of the rear shaft sleeve 1402, and the main shaft 2 is inserted into the rear shaft sleeve 1402. Because the key slot 1405 on the front shaft sleeve 1401 penetrates through the side wall of the front shaft sleeve, small holes are formed in two sides of the groove wall of the key slot 1405, holes are formed in the connecting key 1406, and the front shaft sleeve 1401 can rotate around the pin 1407 by penetrating the small holes in the groove wall of the key slot 1405 and the holes in the connecting key 1406 through the pin 1407, so that the milling cutter 1 is driven to rotate in a certain angle, and the purpose of adjusting the angle of the milling cutter 1 is achieved. In this embodiment, the milling cutter 1 may be adjusted within a working angle range of 0 ° to 30 °, and if a larger angle adjustment is required, the dimensional proportion of each component of the milling cutter 1 needs to be adjusted accordingly.
Referring to fig. 8 and 10, the main shaft 2 includes a stub shaft 201, a tail shaft body 202, and a middle step 203 between the stub shaft 201 and the tail shaft body 202. The shaft head 201 is arranged in an arc sphere shape, penetrates through the hollow inside of the rear shaft sleeve 1402, the spherical head of the shaft head 201 is positioned on the inner side of the convex spherical block 1404 of the rear shaft sleeve 1402, the shaft head 201 and the convex spherical block are concentrically arranged, the shaft head 201 does not influence the rotation of the front shaft sleeve 1401 when the front shaft sleeve 1401 rotates, the tail shaft body 202 is connected with a handle mounting part, the diameter of the middle step 203 is larger than that of the shaft head 201 and the tail shaft body 202, the shaft head 201 and the outer wall of the tail shaft body 202 are sleeved with bearings 4, a spacer 5 is sleeved outside the middle step 203 so as to conveniently arrange a bearing outer sleeve 6 outside the main shaft 2, the spacer 5 is limited by the bearings 4 at two ends, the spacer 5 is a hollow round tube with equal thickness and equal diameter, and the driven piece 7 is arranged on the outer wall of the bearing outer sleeve 6 in a sliding mode.
Referring to fig. 11 and 12, the bearing outer sleeve 6 is cylindrical as a whole, the outer wall of the bearing outer sleeve 6 comprises a first step 603, a second step 604 and a third step 605 with sequentially increased heights, an external thread 602 is arranged on the outer wall of the second step 604, one side of the external thread 602, which is close to the first step 603, is provided with an internal thread 601 on the inner wall of the third step 605, meanwhile, the hollow interior of the bearing outer sleeve 6 is also provided with an internal step, one side of the internal step, which is close to the first step 603, is clamped on the protruding end face of the rear shaft sleeve 1402, the protruding end face of the rear shaft sleeve 1402 is clamped on the end face of the bearing 4, one side of the internal step, which is close to the tail shaft 202 of the main shaft 2, is flush with the outer end face of the bearing 4 on the side, and the internal thread 601 on the inner wall of the third step 605 is positioned outside the one side of the internal step. The wall surface of the first step 603 is provided with a limit plane 607, and a radial connecting and fixing inner hole 606 is arranged on the limit plane 607.
The outside of the bearing outer sleeve 6 is provided with an angle adjusting assembly which comprises a driven piece 7, a spring 8, an adjusting cylinder 9 and a shell 10.
Referring to fig. 13, a follower 7 is slidably sleeved on the first step 603 of the bearing outer sleeve 6, the follower 7 includes a slide tube 701 and a Z-shaped rod 702 which are integrally formed, one end of the Z-shaped rod 702 is connected to the end face of the slide tube 701, and a circular hole is formed in the head of the other end of the Z-shaped rod 702. A spring 8 is sleeved at the concave part of the Z-shaped rod 702, one end of the spring 8 is propped against the side surface of the sliding cylinder 701, and the other end is movably connected with the Z-shaped bending part of the Z-shaped rod 702.
Referring to fig. 19, the adjusting cylinder 9 is a cylinder with an inner step and an inner wall thread, the inner step is clamped on the second step 604 of the bearing outer sleeve 6, meanwhile, the inner wall thread is matched with the outer thread 602 on the second step 604 and forms threaded connection, the end surface of the adjusting cylinder 9 is connected with the end surface of the sliding cylinder 701 of the driven member 7, when the adjusting cylinder 9 is rotated, the driven member 7 can be pushed to move towards the milling cutter 1 side, at the moment, the spring 8 is compressed, and when the adjusting cylinder 9 is rotated to move towards the side far away from the milling cutter 1, the driven member 7 moves backwards under the elastic force of the spring 8.
Referring to fig. 15 and 16, the casing 10 is sleeved on the outer side of the spring 8, and the whole casing is cylindrical, and the outer wall of the adjusting cylinder 9 is connected with the inner wall of the casing 10 and can slide relatively, so that the movement of the adjusting cylinder 9 is not affected. The shell 10 is provided with a convex rotary ball 1001 on the end face of one side close to the milling cutter 1, the rotary ball 1001 is arranged in two and axisymmetric mode, meanwhile, the side wall of the side is provided with an axial avoidance groove 1003, the head of the Z-shaped rod 702 of the driven piece 7 is positioned in the avoidance groove 1003, the limiting effect is achieved, and the protection boots 11 are prevented from rotating circumferentially. An inner step 1002 is arranged on the inner wall of the outer shell 10, a plane corresponding to the limiting plane 607 is also arranged on the inner step 1002, meanwhile, a connecting and fixing outer hole 1004 is formed in the plane, the connecting and fixing outer hole 1004 corresponds to the connecting and fixing inner hole 606 on the outer bearing sleeve 6 in position and size, and the outer bearing sleeve 6 and the outer shell 10 can be fixed together by inserting a counter bore bolt into the connecting and fixing outer hole 1004 and the connecting and fixing inner hole 606.
Referring to fig. 14, the guard shoe 11 is disposed at a side of the milling cutter 1, and the guard shoe 11 includes a head 1101, a shank 1102, and a body 1103, both ends of the shank 1102 being connected to the head 1101 and the body 1103, respectively. The boot 1101 is arc-shaped crescent block, a jack matched with the tool bit 101 is formed in the middle of the boot 1101, the tool bit 101 can rotate around the boot 1101, the boot 1103 is arc-shaped block, a clamping groove 1104 and a ball groove 1107 are formed in the boot 1103, a pin hole 1105 is formed in the groove wall of the clamping groove 1104, the pin hole 1105 corresponds to a circular hole in the head of the Z-shaped rod 702, and the boot 11 rotates around the connecting pin 1106 by inserting a connecting pin 1106 into the pin hole 1105 and the circular hole. The rotary ball 1001 on the shell 10 is inserted into the ball groove 1107 of the boot body 1103, so that the boot 11 rotates around the ball groove 1107 with the rotary ball 1001, and further plays a role of limiting the boot 11. The shoe shaft 1102 and the wall surface of the shoe body 1103 are not on the same straight line, but are inclined at a certain angle, and when the shoe body 1103 rotates around the ball head groove 1107, the milling cutter 1 connected to the shoe head 1101 can be pulled by the shoe shaft 1102 to rotate, so that the purpose of adjusting the angle of the milling cutter 1 is achieved.
Referring to fig. 2, a handle mounting portion including a coupling sleeve 3, an inner housing 12 and a locking ring 13 is provided at an outer side of a tail shaft body 202 of the main shaft 2. The tail shaft body 202 is provided with a radial hole 204, referring to fig. 9, the connecting shaft sleeve 3 is a cylinder with a connecting hole, the whole body is sleeved and fixed on the tail shaft body 202, the connecting hole corresponds to and is matched with the radial hole 204, the connecting shaft sleeve 3 can be fixed on the main shaft 2 by inserting a bolt 205 into the connecting hole and the radial hole 204, and then the main shaft 2 is connected with a power output shaft of the power handle by the connecting shaft sleeve 3.
Referring to fig. 17, 18 and 20, the inner housing 12 is cylindrical, an outer wall of one end of the inner housing is provided with a butt screw thread 1202, the butt screw thread 1202 is matched with the inner screw thread 601 on the third step 605 of the bearing outer sleeve 6, and the inner housing 12 is connected to the bearing outer sleeve 6 in a screw thread mode. A locking ring 13 is arranged on the outer side of the inner shell 12, and the end surface of the locking ring 13 is connected with the end surface of a third step 605 of the bearing outer sleeve 6. A concave ring 1201 is arranged on the outer wall of the middle part of the inner shell 12, and a sealing ring 1203 is sleeved on the concave ring 1201, so that the inner shell 12 and the locking ring 13 are firmly connected. In order to facilitate the insertion and removal of the power handle, a plurality of through holes 1204 are further formed in the side wall of the inner shell 12, steel balls are arranged in the through holes 1204, and the steel balls can movably clamp the power handle.
According to the bone milling cutter, the angle of the milling cutter 1 can be adjusted according to the shape of the bone tissue structure of an operation through the angle adjusting component, so that the milling cutter 1 is always vertical to the bone tissue, and the milling cutter 1 does not need to be moved in a large range or taken out to adjust the direction angle in a narrow operation cavity or in a complex bone tissue (such as more corners of knees) environment, so that accurate and fine angle adjustment can be realized, adjustment difficulty is reduced, operation time is saved, and milling effect is improved.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is not representative of all possible forms of the invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Various other modifications and improvements can be made in light of the teachings of the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.