技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及水质监测技术领域，尤其涉及一种浅层地下水污染物监测系统。The invention relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring, and in particular to a shallow groundwater pollutant monitoring system.
背景技术Background technique
岩溶现象在全球分布广泛，据估计占陆地面积的12%，约2000万平方公里。岩溶地区的地下空间结构复杂，导致地下水流运动规律复杂，时空分布不均匀，这增加了水资源调查、研究和开发的难度；岩溶地下水资源虽然丰富，但也面临污染问题，需要关注地下水污染的来源、途径与特点，以及污染的原因和污染特征，以实现可持续利用。Karst is widely distributed around the world, accounting for an estimated 12% of the land area, or about 20 million square kilometers. The underground space structure in karst areas is complex, resulting in complex groundwater flow patterns and uneven temporal and spatial distribution, which increases the difficulty of water resource investigation, research and development; although karst groundwater resources are abundant, they also face pollution problems, and attention needs to be paid to the sources, pathways and characteristics of groundwater pollution, as well as the causes and characteristics of pollution, in order to achieve sustainable utilization.
中国专利公开号CN108088976B公开了一种地下水监测系统，其包括：监测管道，安装于监测井中；多个分隔板组，间隔设置在监测管道内，包括第一分隔板与位于其下方的第二分隔板，每一个分隔板组与监测管道内壁构成一个取样空间，两个相邻的分隔板组与监测管道内壁构成置物空间，监测传感器组设在取样空间，取样空间设有取样口；多个泵，设于置物空间中，其进水端连通泵下端的取样空间；集成取样管道，包括外管和设置其内部的多个取样管，取样管与泵一一对应，取样管的一端穿过置物空间与泵的出水端相连；集成线路管道，设置在监测管道内，用于连接泵和工作站以及监测传感器组和控制终端。本发明的地下水监测系统自动化程度高，能对不同层地下水进行自动抽取和实时监测。由此可见，该发明存在以下问题：未考虑如何建立岩溶地区地下水监测网络和提高监测系统的自动化程度。Chinese patent publication number CN108088976B discloses a groundwater monitoring system, which includes: a monitoring pipeline installed in a monitoring well; a plurality of partition plate groups, which are arranged in intervals in the monitoring pipeline, including a first partition plate and a second partition plate located below it, each partition plate group and the inner wall of the monitoring pipeline constitute a sampling space, two adjacent partition plate groups and the inner wall of the monitoring pipeline constitute a storage space, a monitoring sensor group is arranged in the sampling space, and the sampling space is provided with a sampling port; a plurality of pumps, which are arranged in the storage space, and the water inlet end thereof is connected to the sampling space at the lower end of the pump; an integrated sampling pipeline, including an outer tube and a plurality of sampling tubes arranged inside it, the sampling tubes correspond to the pumps one by one, and one end of the sampling tubes passes through the storage space and is connected to the water outlet end of the pump; an integrated line pipeline, which is arranged in the monitoring pipeline, and is used to connect the pump and the workstation as well as the monitoring sensor group and the control terminal. The groundwater monitoring system of the present invention has a high degree of automation and can automatically extract and monitor groundwater in different layers in real time. It can be seen that the invention has the following problems: it does not consider how to establish a groundwater monitoring network in karst areas and improve the degree of automation of the monitoring system.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为此，本发明提供一种浅层地下水污染物监测系统，用以克服现有技术中未考虑如何根据岩溶地区的水文情况建立地下水检测网络导致地下水污染物监测效率低以及检测精度低的问题。To this end, the present invention provides a shallow groundwater pollutant monitoring system to overcome the problem in the prior art of not considering how to establish a groundwater detection network according to the hydrological conditions of the karst area, resulting in low groundwater pollutant monitoring efficiency and low detection accuracy.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供一种浅层地下水污染物监测系统，包括：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a shallow groundwater pollutant monitoring system, comprising:
联网获取模块，用以获取监测地的大气降水数据，监测地的地表径流数据和地下水含水介质的均匀性；Network acquisition module, used to obtain atmospheric precipitation data, surface runoff data and uniformity of groundwater-bearing media at the monitoring site;
位置划分模块，其与所述联网获取模块相连，包括设置在监测地各位置的若干地下水观测井，位置划分模块用以根据监测地的地表径流数据划分若干监测区域并结合所述地下水含水介质的均匀性确定单个监测区域中观测井的数量；A location division module, which is connected to the network acquisition module, includes a plurality of groundwater observation wells arranged at various locations of the monitoring site, and the location division module is used to divide a plurality of monitoring areas according to the surface runoff data of the monitoring site and determine the number of observation wells in a single monitoring area in combination with the uniformity of the groundwater-bearing medium;
数据采集模块，其与所述位置划分模块相连，用以实时采集各所述观测井对应的监测区域的地下水的水位数据和岩溶地下水的各垂向分带的径流量；A data acquisition module, which is connected to the location division module and is used to collect the groundwater level data of the monitoring area corresponding to each observation well and the runoff of each vertical zone of karst groundwater in real time;
监测频率调整模块，其分别与所述联网获取模块、所述位置划分模块和所述数据采集模块相连，用以根据浅层岩溶地下水的各垂向分带与地表的距离分别确定对应垂向分带的初始监测周期，基于所述大气降水数据和所述地下水的水位数据确定是否触发调整监测周期的条件，以及在触发调整监测周期条件下根据对应垂向分带的径流量变化确定对应的监测频率；A monitoring frequency adjustment module, which is connected to the network acquisition module, the location division module and the data acquisition module respectively, and is used to determine the initial monitoring period of the corresponding vertical zone according to the distance between each vertical zone of shallow karst groundwater and the surface, determine whether to trigger the condition of adjusting the monitoring period based on the atmospheric precipitation data and the water level data of the groundwater, and determine the corresponding monitoring frequency according to the change of runoff of the corresponding vertical zone under the condition of triggering the adjustment of the monitoring period;
污染物监测模块，其与所述监测频率调整模块相连，用以根据所述监测频率调整模块确定的监测周期和监测频率对岩溶地下水污染物进行监测；A pollutant monitoring module, which is connected to the monitoring frequency adjustment module and is used to monitor karst groundwater pollutants according to the monitoring period and monitoring frequency determined by the monitoring frequency adjustment module;
其中，地表径流数据包括固体径流数据，所述地下水的水位数据包括地下水水位上升数据和地下水水位下降数据。The surface runoff data includes solid runoff data, and the groundwater level data includes groundwater level rise data and groundwater level drop data.
进一步地，位置划分模块将浅层岩溶地下水污染物监测系统所在地划分为若干初始监测区域，并根据两个相邻的所述初始监测区域的固体径流数据与预设固体径流值确定若干监测区域；Further, the location division module divides the location of the shallow karst groundwater pollutant monitoring system into a number of initial monitoring areas, and determines a number of monitoring areas according to the solid runoff data of two adjacent initial monitoring areas and the preset solid runoff values;
若两个相邻的所述初始监测区域的固体径流数据的差值大于等于预设固体径流值，所述位置划分模块将对应的两个所述初始监测区域确定为两个监测区域；If the difference between the solid runoff data of two adjacent initial monitoring areas is greater than or equal to the preset solid runoff value, the position division module determines the corresponding two initial monitoring areas as two monitoring areas;
若两个相邻的所述初始监测区域的固体径流数据的差值小于预设固体径流值，所述位置划分模块将对应的两个所述初始监测区域确定为同一监测区域；If the difference between the solid runoff data of two adjacent initial monitoring areas is less than the preset solid runoff value, the position division module determines the corresponding two initial monitoring areas as the same monitoring area;
其中，所述初始监测区域的数量大于预设数量，并且初始监测区域的数量大于等于监测区域的数量。The number of the initial monitoring areas is greater than a preset number, and the number of the initial monitoring areas is greater than or equal to the number of monitoring areas.
进一步地，位置划分模块根据单个监测区域的地下水含水介质的均匀性确定对应监测区域内观测井的数量；Furthermore, the location division module determines the number of observation wells in the corresponding monitoring area according to the uniformity of the groundwater-bearing medium in the single monitoring area;
若单个监测区域的地下水含水介质均匀，所述位置划分模块确定对应监测区域内观测井数量为1；If the groundwater-bearing medium in a single monitoring area is uniform, the location division module determines that the number of observation wells in the corresponding monitoring area is 1;
若单个监测区域的地下水含水介质不均匀，所述位置划分模块根据岩溶地下水的含水介质类型确定对应监测区域内观测井的数量；If the groundwater aquifer in a single monitoring area is not uniform, the location division module determines the number of observation wells in the corresponding monitoring area according to the type of aquifer in the karst groundwater;
其中，所述含水介质类型包括裂隙，溶洞和孔隙。Wherein, the types of water-containing media include fissures, caves and pores.
进一步地，监测频率调整模块根据浅层岩溶地下水的垂向分带与地表的距离分别确定各垂向分带的初始监测周期；Furthermore, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines the initial monitoring period of each vertical zone according to the distance between the vertical zone of the shallow karst groundwater and the ground surface;
各垂向分带至地表之间的距离与所述初始监测周期成正相关；The distance between each vertical zone and the ground surface is positively correlated with the initial monitoring period;
其中，所述垂向分带包括垂直入渗带、季节变动带、水平径流带和深部缓流带。The vertical zoning includes vertical infiltration zone, seasonal variation zone, horizontal runoff zone and deep slow flow zone.
进一步地，监测频率调整模块包括周期调整单元，其设置有第一触发条件和第二触发条件；Further, the monitoring frequency adjustment module includes a period adjustment unit, which is provided with a first trigger condition and a second trigger condition;
其中，所述第一触发条件为所述大气降水数据超过预设值，所述第二触发条件为满足第一触发条件后的预设下渗时间后的所述大气降水数据与所述地下水水位上升数据成正相关。Among them, the first trigger condition is that the atmospheric precipitation data exceeds a preset value, and the second trigger condition is that the atmospheric precipitation data is positively correlated with the groundwater level rise data after a preset infiltration time after the first trigger condition is met.
进一步地，监测频率调整模块根据所述周期调整单元对所述第一触发条件和第二触发条件的判定结果确定监测周期调整策略，其中，Furthermore, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines a monitoring period adjustment strategy according to the determination result of the period adjustment unit on the first trigger condition and the second trigger condition, wherein:
若满足所述第一触发条件，所述监测频率调整模块判断需调整监测周期并根据是否满足所述第二触发条件确定所述监测频率调整模块的监测调整策略；If the first trigger condition is met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines that the monitoring period needs to be adjusted and determines the monitoring adjustment strategy of the monitoring frequency adjustment module according to whether the second trigger condition is met;
其中，所述监测调整策略包括调整监测周期以及确定污染物监测的顺序。The monitoring adjustment strategy includes adjusting the monitoring cycle and determining the order of pollutant monitoring.
进一步地，监测频率调整模块在所述第一触发条件下根据是否满足所述第二触发条件确定监测调整策略，包括：Further, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines a monitoring adjustment strategy under the first trigger condition according to whether the second trigger condition is met, including:
若判定满足所述第二触发条件，所述监测频率调整模块判断先进行对浅层岩溶地下水污染物的化学监测；If it is determined that the second trigger condition is met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines to first perform chemical monitoring of shallow karst groundwater pollutants;
其中，化学监测包括有机物监测、重金属监测、氨氮监测、硝酸盐监测、磷酸盐监测和阴离子监测。Among them, chemical monitoring includes organic matter monitoring, heavy metal monitoring, ammonia nitrogen monitoring, nitrate monitoring, phosphate monitoring and anion monitoring.
进一步地，监测频率调整模块在所述第一触发条件下根据是否满足所述第二触发条件确定监测调整策略，还包括：Further, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines the monitoring adjustment strategy according to whether the second trigger condition is met under the first trigger condition, and further includes:
若判定不满足所述第二触发条件，所述监测频率调整模块判断先进行对浅层岩溶地下水污染物的物理监测；If it is determined that the second trigger condition is not met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines to first perform physical monitoring of shallow karst groundwater pollutants;
其中，物理监测包括温度监测、pH值监测、电导率监测、溶解氧监测和浊度监测。Among them, physical monitoring includes temperature monitoring, pH monitoring, conductivity monitoring, dissolved oxygen monitoring and turbidity monitoring.
进一步地，监测频率调整模块判断需调整监测周期时，根据单个垂向分带的当前径流量与对应的预设径流量的大小关系确定需调整监测频率的对应垂向分带；Furthermore, when the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines that the monitoring period needs to be adjusted, the corresponding vertical zone whose monitoring frequency needs to be adjusted is determined according to the magnitude relationship between the current runoff volume of a single vertical zone and the corresponding preset runoff volume;
其中，所述预设径流量为当次调整监测周期前径流量的期望值的1.2倍。The preset runoff volume is 1.2 times the expected value of the runoff volume before the current adjustment monitoring period.
进一步地，若所述当前径流量大于等于对应的预设径流量，所述监测频率调整模块根据当前电导率和预设电导率的比值确定监测频率调整值；Further, if the current runoff is greater than or equal to the corresponding preset runoff, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines the monitoring frequency adjustment value according to the ratio of the current conductivity to the preset conductivity;
其中，所述预设电导率为当次调整监测周期前电导率的期望值。The preset conductivity is the expected value of the conductivity before adjusting the monitoring cycle.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于，本发明提供的浅层地下水污染物监测系统可以在岩溶地区建立监测系统时快速准确地确定观测井的位置，提高对地下水污染物监测的准确性。Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is that the shallow groundwater pollutant monitoring system provided by the present invention can quickly and accurately determine the location of the observation well when establishing a monitoring system in a karst area, thereby improving the accuracy of groundwater pollutant monitoring.
进一步地，本发明提供的浅层地下水污染物监测系统实现了监测区域的精确划分和监测频率的动态调整，显著提高了地下水监测的效率和准确性，本系统的设计考虑了地下水含水介质的不均匀性，能够适应多变的地质和水文条件，同时通过自动化和智能化的监测流程，减少了人为干预，降低了成本，增强了数据处理能力。Furthermore, the shallow groundwater pollutant monitoring system provided by the present invention realizes the precise division of the monitoring area and the dynamic adjustment of the monitoring frequency, which significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of groundwater monitoring. The design of this system takes into account the heterogeneity of groundwater-containing media and can adapt to changing geological and hydrological conditions. At the same time, through the automated and intelligent monitoring process, it reduces human intervention, reduces costs, and enhances data processing capabilities.
进一步地，本系统能够全面评估地表活动对地下水质量的影响，为科学研究、资源管理和政策制定提供了强有力的数据支持，通过及时检测和预警地下水污染，系统为应急响应提供了重要信息，有助于采取预防措施，保护地下水资源，从而为地区的可持续发展做出了重要贡献。Furthermore, this system can comprehensively assess the impact of surface activities on groundwater quality, providing strong data support for scientific research, resource management and policy making. By timely detecting and warning of groundwater pollution, the system provides important information for emergency response, helps to take preventive measures and protect groundwater resources, thus making an important contribution to the sustainable development of the region.
进一步地，监测频率调整模块通过评估是否满足第一和第二触发条件，智能地调整监测周期和监测顺序，以使监测系统能够更加精确地分配监测资源，优化监测流程，实现对岩溶地下水污染物的高效监测，为水资源的保护和可持续利用提供坚实的数据支持；这种策略不仅有助于全面评估地下水环境的物理状态，还能够辅助判断是否存在由物理因素引起的水质变化，为后续的化学监测或其他深入分析提供重要参考。Furthermore, the monitoring frequency adjustment module intelligently adjusts the monitoring period and monitoring sequence by evaluating whether the first and second trigger conditions are met, so that the monitoring system can allocate monitoring resources more accurately, optimize the monitoring process, and achieve efficient monitoring of karst groundwater pollutants, providing solid data support for the protection and sustainable utilization of water resources. This strategy not only helps to comprehensively evaluate the physical state of the groundwater environment, but also assists in determining whether there are water quality changes caused by physical factors, providing an important reference for subsequent chemical monitoring or other in-depth analysis.
进一步地，监测频率调整模块通过动态评估单个垂向分带的当前径流量与预设径流量的关系，实现了监测频率的智能化调整，这一策略极大地提高了监测系统的适应性和响应能力；此外，该模块的调整策略保证了监测资源在不同垂向分带上的合理分配，这种基于实时数据的动态调整机制，不仅提高了监测的针对性和有效性，而且通过精确控制监测频率，减少了不必要的监测次数，实现了成本效益最大化，为地下水资源管理和污染防治提供了有力的数据支持和决策依据。Furthermore, the monitoring frequency adjustment module realizes intelligent adjustment of the monitoring frequency by dynamically evaluating the relationship between the current runoff and the preset runoff in a single vertical zone. This strategy greatly improves the adaptability and responsiveness of the monitoring system. In addition, the adjustment strategy of this module ensures the rational allocation of monitoring resources in different vertical zones. This dynamic adjustment mechanism based on real-time data not only improves the pertinence and effectiveness of monitoring, but also reduces unnecessary monitoring times by precisely controlling the monitoring frequency, thereby maximizing cost-effectiveness and providing strong data support and decision-making basis for groundwater resource management and pollution prevention.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明实施例浅层地下水污染物监测系统的流程图；FIG1 is a flow chart of a shallow groundwater pollutant monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例位置划分模块的工作流程图；FIG2 is a flowchart of a position division module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例在含水介质不均匀时确定观测井数量的步骤；FIG3 is a step of determining the number of observation wells when the water-bearing medium is uneven according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例监测频率调整模块的工作流程图。FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the monitoring frequency adjustment module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的和优点更加清楚明白，下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述；应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objects and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiments; it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非在限制本发明的保护范围。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only used to explain the technical principles of the present invention and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。It should be noted that, in the description of the present invention, terms such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "inside" and "outside" indicating directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings. This is merely for the convenience of description and does not indicate or imply that the device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。In addition, it should be noted that in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
请参阅图1所示，其为本发明实施例浅层地下水污染物监测系统的流程图。本发明实施例提供一种浅层地下水污染物监测系统，包括：Please refer to FIG1 , which is a flow chart of a shallow groundwater pollutant monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention. An embodiment of the present invention provides a shallow groundwater pollutant monitoring system, including:
联网获取模块，用以获取监测地的大气降水数据，监测地的地表径流数据和地下水含水介质的均匀性；可以理解的是，使用地球物理方法（如电阻率法、地震波法）探测地下结构以评估含水介质的均匀性；An online acquisition module is used to obtain atmospheric precipitation data of the monitoring site, surface runoff data of the monitoring site and the uniformity of the groundwater-bearing medium; it is understood that the underground structure is detected using geophysical methods (such as resistivity method, seismic wave method) to evaluate the uniformity of the water-bearing medium;
位置划分模块，其与所述联网获取模块相连，包括设置在监测地各位置的若干地下水观测井，位置划分模块用以根据监测地的地表径流数据划分若干监测区域并结合所述地下水含水介质的均匀性确定单个监测区域中观测井的数量；A location division module, which is connected to the network acquisition module, includes a plurality of groundwater observation wells arranged at various locations of the monitoring site, and the location division module is used to divide a plurality of monitoring areas according to the surface runoff data of the monitoring site and determine the number of observation wells in a single monitoring area in combination with the uniformity of the groundwater-bearing medium;
数据采集模块，其与所述位置划分模块相连，用以实时采集各所述观测井对应的所述监测区域的地下水的水位数据和岩溶地下水的各垂向分带的径流量；A data acquisition module, which is connected to the location division module and is used to collect the groundwater level data of the monitoring area corresponding to each observation well and the runoff of each vertical zone of karst groundwater in real time;
监测频率调整模块，其分别与所述联网获取模块、所述位置划分模块和所述数据采集模块相连，用以根据浅层岩溶地下水的各垂向分带与地表的距离分别确定对应的垂向分带的初始监测周期，基于所述大气降水数据和所述地下水的水位数据确定是否触发调整监测周期的条件，以及在触发调整监测周期条件下根据对应的垂向分带的径流量变化确定对应的监测频率；A monitoring frequency adjustment module, which is connected to the network acquisition module, the location division module and the data acquisition module respectively, and is used to determine the initial monitoring period of the corresponding vertical zone according to the distance between each vertical zone of shallow karst groundwater and the surface, determine whether to trigger the condition of adjusting the monitoring period based on the atmospheric precipitation data and the water level data of the groundwater, and determine the corresponding monitoring frequency according to the change of runoff of the corresponding vertical zone under the condition of triggering the adjustment of the monitoring period;
污染物监测模块，其与所述监测频率调整模块相连，用以根据所述监测频率调整模块确定的监测周期和监测频率对岩溶地下水污染物进行监测；A pollutant monitoring module, which is connected to the monitoring frequency adjustment module and is used to monitor karst groundwater pollutants according to the monitoring period and monitoring frequency determined by the monitoring frequency adjustment module;
其中，地表径流数据包括固体径流数据，所述地下水的水位数据包括地下水水位上升数据和地下水水位下降数据。The surface runoff data includes solid runoff data, and the groundwater level data includes groundwater level rise data and groundwater level drop data.
可以理解的是，各初始监测周期内的初始监测次数（预设次数）相同，初始监测频率=初始监测次数÷初始监测周期，因此，各垂向分带由于初始监测周期不同造成其对应的初始监测频率也不同。在实施中，预设次数的取值范围∈[2,20]，优选地预设次数设置为10次。It can be understood that the initial monitoring times (preset times) in each initial monitoring period are the same, and the initial monitoring frequency = initial monitoring times ÷ initial monitoring period. Therefore, the initial monitoring frequencies corresponding to each vertical zone are different due to different initial monitoring periods. In implementation, the range of the preset times is ∈ [2, 20], and preferably the preset times is set to 10 times.
请参阅图2所示，其为本发明实施例位置划分模块的工作流程图，本发明中位置划分模块将浅层岩溶地下水污染物监测系统所在地划分为若干初始监测区域，并根据两个相邻的所述初始监测区域的固体径流数据与预设固体径流值确定若干监测区域；Please refer to FIG. 2 , which is a flowchart of the position division module of an embodiment of the present invention. The position division module of the present invention divides the location of the shallow karst groundwater pollutant monitoring system into a number of initial monitoring areas, and determines a number of monitoring areas based on the solid runoff data of two adjacent initial monitoring areas and the preset solid runoff values;
若两个相邻的所述初始监测区域的固体径流数据的差值大于等于预设固体径流值，所述位置划分模块将对应的两个所述初始监测区域确定为两个监测区域；If the difference between the solid runoff data of two adjacent initial monitoring areas is greater than or equal to the preset solid runoff value, the position division module determines the corresponding two initial monitoring areas as two monitoring areas;
若两个相邻的所述初始监测区域的固体径流数据的差值小于预设固体径流值，所述位置划分模块将对应的两个所述初始监测区域确定为同一监测区域；If the difference between the solid runoff data of two adjacent initial monitoring areas is less than the preset solid runoff value, the position division module determines the corresponding two initial monitoring areas as the same monitoring area;
其中，所述初始监测区域的数量大于预设数量，并且初始监测区域的数量大于等于监测区域的数量。The number of the initial monitoring areas is greater than a preset number, and the number of the initial monitoring areas is greater than or equal to the number of monitoring areas.
可以理解的是，优选地，各初始监测区域的面积相同，其根据监测地的面积确定，初始监测区域的面积设置为监测地面积的1%～10%，初始监测区域的面积越小则确定的监测区域越准确；优选地，初始监测区域的面积设置为监测地面积的2%，即将监测地划分为50个面积相同的初始监测区域。It can be understood that, preferably, the area of each initial monitoring area is the same, which is determined according to the area of the monitoring site. The area of the initial monitoring area is set to 1% to 10% of the area of the monitoring site. The smaller the area of the initial monitoring area, the more accurate the determined monitoring area; preferably, the area of the initial monitoring area is set to 2% of the area of the monitoring site, that is, the monitoring site is divided into 50 initial monitoring areas of the same area.
可以理解的是，固体径流指通过地表径流携带的固体物质，如泥沙、岩石碎屑等，这些固体物质在降雨和地表径流过程中被冲刷、侵蚀并随水流移动，固体径流数据（固体径流的大小）通过测量特定时间段内通过某一截面的固体物质总量来表示。It can be understood that solid runoff refers to solid matter carried by surface runoff, such as mud, rock debris, etc. These solid materials are washed, eroded and moved with the water flow during rainfall and surface runoff. The solid runoff data (the size of solid runoff) is expressed by measuring the total amount of solid matter passing through a certain section within a specific time period.
在实施中，预设固体径流值X由公式计算，；其中，xi为第i个初始监测区域的固体径流数据，为各初始监测区域的固体径流数据的平均值，，n为初始监测区域的数量，i=1,2，……，n。In practice, the preset solid runoff value X is calculated by the formula, ; Where xi is the solid runoff data of the i-th initial monitoring area, is the average value of solid runoff data in each initial monitoring area, , n is the number of initial monitoring areas, i=1,2,…,n.
在实施中，先选定一个初始监测区域然后逐个确定与其相邻区域的固体径流数据差值，将对应差值小于预设固体径流值的两个相邻区域合并成一个初始监测区域，直至每个监测区域均与其相邻的监测区域的固体径流量差值大于等于预设固体径流值。During implementation, an initial monitoring area is first selected and then the solid runoff data differences with its adjacent areas are determined one by one, and two adjacent areas whose corresponding differences are less than the preset solid runoff value are merged into one initial monitoring area until the solid runoff volume difference between each monitoring area and its adjacent monitoring area is greater than or equal to the preset solid runoff value.
具体而言，位置划分模块根据单个监测区域的地下水含水介质的均匀性确定对应监测区域内观测井的数量；Specifically, the location division module determines the number of observation wells in the corresponding monitoring area according to the uniformity of the groundwater-bearing medium in a single monitoring area;
若单个监测区域的地下水含水介质均匀，所述位置划分模块确定对应监测区域内观测井数量为1；可以理解的是，若含水介质类型相同则记为含水介质均匀，若含水介质不同则记为含水介质不均匀；If the groundwater aquifer in a single monitoring area is uniform, the location division module determines that the number of observation wells in the corresponding monitoring area is 1; it can be understood that if the types of aquifers are the same, the aquifers are recorded as uniform, and if the aquifers are different, the aquifers are recorded as non-uniform;
若单个监测区域的地下水含水介质不均匀，所述位置划分模块根据岩溶地下水的含水介质类型确定对应监测区域内观测井的数量；可以理解的是，若含水介质类型相同则记为含水介质均匀，若含水介质不同则记为含水介质不均匀；If the groundwater aquifer in a single monitoring area is not uniform, the location division module determines the number of observation wells in the corresponding monitoring area according to the type of aquifer in the karst groundwater; it is understandable that if the types of aquifers are the same, it is recorded as uniform aquifers, and if the types of aquifers are different, it is recorded as uneven aquifers;
其中，所述含水介质类型包括裂隙、溶洞和孔隙。Wherein, the types of water-containing media include fissures, caves and pores.
请参阅图3所示，其为本发明实施例在含水介质不均匀时确定观测井数量的步骤。在实施中，含水介质不均匀时确定观测井的数量的步骤包括：（1）先确定单个监测区域内包括几种含水介质类型：（2）然后判断单个含水介质类型所处范围是否相连；（3）若不相连，依次确定单个含水介质类型不相连范围的数量，从而确定单个监测区域内各含水介质类型不相连范围的数量（在一个实施中，单个监测区域内包括裂隙和孔隙两种含水介质类型，裂隙包括两个不相连的范围，孔隙包括三个不相连的范围，则该监测区域内不相连范围数量为5）；若相连，则该监测区域内不相连范围数量等于含水介质类型数量；（4）根据各不相连范围的大小确定各不相连范围内的观测井数量，若单个不相连范围小于等于其所处监测区域的三分之一则该不相连范围包括一个观测井，若单个不相连范围大于其所处监测区域的三分之一且小于其所处监测区域的二分之一则该不相连范围观测井数量为2，若单个不相连范围大于其所处监测区域的二分之一则该不相连范围观测井数量为3。（5）根据单个监测区域内不相连范围数量和各不相连范围的面积确定该监测区域内的观测井数量。Please refer to FIG. 3 , which is a step of determining the number of observation wells when the water-containing medium is uneven according to an embodiment of the present invention. In implementation, the steps of determining the number of observation wells when the water-bearing medium is uneven include: (1) first determining how many types of water-bearing media are included in a single monitoring area; (2) then determining whether the range of a single water-bearing medium type is connected; (3) if not connected, determining the number of unconnected ranges of a single water-bearing medium type in turn, thereby determining the number of unconnected ranges of each water-bearing medium type in a single monitoring area (in one implementation, a single monitoring area includes two types of water-bearing media, namely, fractures and pores, fractures include two unconnected ranges, and pores include three unconnected ranges, and the number of unconnected ranges in the monitoring area is 5); if connected, the number of unconnected ranges in the monitoring area is equal to the number of water-bearing medium types; (4) determining the number of observation wells in each unconnected range according to the size of each unconnected range, if a single unconnected range is less than or equal to one-third of the monitoring area in which it is located, the unconnected range includes one observation well, if a single unconnected range is greater than one-third of the monitoring area in which it is located and less than one-half of the monitoring area in which it is located, the number of observation wells in the unconnected range is 2, and if a single unconnected range is greater than one-half of the monitoring area in which it is located, the number of observation wells in the unconnected range is 3. (5) The number of observation wells within a single monitoring area shall be determined based on the number of unconnected ranges within the area and the area of each unconnected range.
在实施中，若单个不相连范围内存在大于一个观测井，则设置一个主观测井，其余为副观测井，副观测井的井深和井口直径均小于主观测井；若单个不相连范围内仅存在一个观测井，则设置一个主观测井。主观测井的井深大于地表与深部缓流带上限之间的距离。In practice, if there is more than one observation well in a single unconnected range, a main observation well is set up, and the rest are secondary observation wells, and the depth and wellhead diameter of the secondary observation wells are smaller than the main observation well; if there is only one observation well in a single unconnected range, a main observation well is set up. The depth of the main observation well is greater than the distance between the surface and the upper limit of the deep slow flow zone.
请参阅图4所示，其为本发明实施例监测频率调整模块的工作流程图。本发明中监测频率调整模块根据浅层岩溶地下水的垂向分带与地表的距离分别确定各垂向分带的初始监测周期；Please refer to FIG4 , which is a flowchart of the monitoring frequency adjustment module of an embodiment of the present invention. The monitoring frequency adjustment module of the present invention determines the initial monitoring period of each vertical zone according to the distance between the vertical zone of shallow karst groundwater and the ground surface;
各垂向分带至地表之间的距离与所述初始监测周期成正相关；The distance between each vertical zone and the ground surface is positively correlated with the initial monitoring period;
其中，所述垂向分带包括垂直入渗带，季节变动带，水平径流带和深部缓流带。The vertical zoning includes vertical infiltration zone, seasonal variation zone, horizontal runoff zone and deep slow flow zone.
可以理解的是，垂直入渗带与地表的距离＜季节变动带与地表的距离＜水平径流带与地表的距离＜深部缓流带与地表的距离，因此，垂直入渗带的初始监测周期＜季节变动带的初始监测周期＜水平径流带的初始监测周期＜深部缓流带的初始监测周期；在实施中，深部缓流带由于其循环周期为数十年以上，则其对应的初始监测周期为1年；地下水在水平径流带主要进行水平方向的流动循环周期可能从几年到几十年不等，则其对应的初始监测周期为半年；季节变动带的地下水位受季节性气候变化影响较大，循环周期与季节变化同步，因此将其对应的初始循环周期设置为1个月；垂直入渗带是地下水从地表向下渗透的区域，循环周期通常较短可能从几小时到几天不等，因此将其对应的循环周期设置为10天。It can be understood that the distance between the vertical infiltration zone and the surface is less than the distance between the seasonal variation zone and the surface, less than the distance between the horizontal runoff zone and the surface, and less than the distance between the deep slow flow zone and the surface. Therefore, the initial monitoring period of the vertical infiltration zone is less than the initial monitoring period of the seasonal variation zone, less than the initial monitoring period of the horizontal runoff zone, and less than the initial monitoring period of the deep slow flow zone. In practice, since the circulation period of the deep slow flow zone is more than several decades, its corresponding initial monitoring period is 1 year. The groundwater mainly flows horizontally in the horizontal runoff zone, and the circulation period may range from several years to several decades. Therefore, its corresponding initial monitoring period is half a year. The groundwater level in the seasonal variation zone is greatly affected by seasonal climate change, and the circulation period is synchronized with seasonal changes. Therefore, its corresponding initial circulation period is set to 1 month. The vertical infiltration zone is the area where groundwater penetrates downward from the surface. The circulation period is usually short, ranging from a few hours to a few days. Therefore, its corresponding circulation period is set to 10 days.
具体而言，监测频率调整模块包括周期调整单元，其设置有第一触发条件和第二触发条件；Specifically, the monitoring frequency adjustment module includes a period adjustment unit, which is provided with a first trigger condition and a second trigger condition;
其中，所述第一触发条件为所述大气降水数据（此处的大气降水数据为联网获取的一个预测值，在天气软件上均可获取）超过预设值（10毫米/小时到50毫米/小时之间一般为大雨，在实施中，将预设值设置为5厘米，当大气降水数据大于等于预设值时满足第一触发条件），所述第二触发条件为满足第一触发条件后的（开始降水后的）预设下渗时间后的所述大气降水数据与所述地下水水位上升数据成正相关。Among them, the first trigger condition is that the atmospheric precipitation data (the atmospheric precipitation data here is a predicted value obtained through the Internet and can be obtained on weather software) exceeds a preset value (10 mm/hour to 50 mm/hour is generally heavy rain. In implementation, the preset value is set to 5 cm. When the atmospheric precipitation data is greater than or equal to the preset value, the first trigger condition is met), and the second trigger condition is that the atmospheric precipitation data after a preset infiltration time (after the start of precipitation) after the first trigger condition is met is positively correlated with the groundwater level rise data.
在实施中，在满足第一触发条件后，从监测地开始降水后有一个降水从地表渗入地下的时间，因此设置一个预设下渗时间（从开始降水后的预设下渗时间），在满足第一触发条件后的预设下渗时间后监测频率调整模块开始实时监测地下水水位上升数据，以及实时获取大气降水数据，结合这两个数据确定其之间的关系是否成正相关；在实施中，由于岩溶地区降水渗透较快，所以将预设下渗时间设置为≥30min，优选地设置为45min。In implementation, after the first trigger condition is met, it takes time for precipitation to seep into the ground from the surface after precipitation starts at the monitoring site, so a preset infiltration time is set (the preset infiltration time after the start of precipitation). After the preset infiltration time after the first trigger condition is met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module starts to monitor the groundwater level rise data in real time, and obtains atmospheric precipitation data in real time, and combines these two data to determine whether the relationship between them is positively correlated. In implementation, since precipitation infiltration is faster in karst areas, the preset infiltration time is set to ≥30min, preferably 45min.
具体而言，监测频率调整模块根据所述周期调整单元是否满足所述第一触发条件和第二触发条件确定监测周期调整策略，其中，Specifically, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines a monitoring period adjustment strategy according to whether the period adjustment unit satisfies the first trigger condition and the second trigger condition, wherein:
若满足所述第一触发条件，所述监测频率调整模块判断需调整监测周期并根据是否满足所述第二触发条件确定所述监测频率调整模块的监测调整策略；If the first trigger condition is met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines that the monitoring period needs to be adjusted and determines the monitoring adjustment strategy of the monitoring frequency adjustment module according to whether the second trigger condition is met;
其中，所述监测调整策略包括调整监测周期（在实施中，调整监测周期的方式为调整初始监测频率，多为将初始监测频率调大）以及确定污染物监测的顺序。The monitoring adjustment strategy includes adjusting the monitoring period (in implementation, the monitoring period is adjusted by adjusting the initial monitoring frequency, usually by increasing the initial monitoring frequency) and determining the order of pollutant monitoring.
具体而言，在满足第一触发条件时，监测频率调整模块根据是否满足所述第二触发条件确定监测调整策略，其中，Specifically, when the first trigger condition is met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines a monitoring adjustment strategy according to whether the second trigger condition is met, wherein:
满足所述第二触发条件，所述监测频率调整模块判断先进行对浅层岩溶地下水污染物的化学监测；When the second trigger condition is met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines to first perform chemical monitoring of shallow karst groundwater pollutants;
其中，化学监测包括有机物监测、重金属监测、氨氮监测、硝酸盐监测、磷酸盐监测和阴离子监测。Among them, chemical monitoring includes organic matter monitoring, heavy metal monitoring, ammonia nitrogen monitoring, nitrate monitoring, phosphate monitoring and anion monitoring.
可以理解的是，在同时满足第一触发条件和第二触发条件时，说明降水直接将其中携带的化学污染物进入岩溶地下水含水层，因此需要优先进行化学监测。It is understandable that when both the first trigger condition and the second trigger condition are met, it means that precipitation directly transfers the chemical pollutants it carries into the karst groundwater aquifer, so chemical monitoring needs to be prioritized.
具体而言，监测频率调整模块根据是否满足所述第二触发条件确定监测调整策略，其中，Specifically, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines a monitoring adjustment strategy according to whether the second trigger condition is met, wherein:
不满足所述第二触发条件，所述监测频率调整模块判断先进行对浅层岩溶地下水污染物的物理监测；If the second trigger condition is not met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines to first perform physical monitoring of shallow karst groundwater pollutants;
其中，物理监测包括温度监测、pH值监测、电导率监测、溶解氧监测和浊度监测。Among them, physical monitoring includes temperature monitoring, pH monitoring, conductivity monitoring, dissolved oxygen monitoring and turbidity monitoring.
可以理解的是，在满足第一触发条件但不满足第二触发条件时，说明降水多积累在岩溶地表处，造成其未渗入地下的原因可能是其中携带的固体污染物过多，同时雨水携带的化学污染物进入地下水含水层的过程也很缓慢；因此，需要优先进行物理监测。It is understandable that when the first trigger condition is met but the second trigger condition is not met, it means that precipitation accumulates mostly on the karst surface. The reason why it does not infiltrate into the ground may be that it carries too many solid pollutants. At the same time, the process of chemical pollutants carried by rainwater entering the groundwater aquifer is also very slow; therefore, physical monitoring needs to be prioritized.
可以理解的是，监测频率调整模块判断先进行对浅层岩溶地下水污染物的物理/化学监测，后仍需进行另一种监测（化学/物理监测）。It is understandable that the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines that physical/chemical monitoring of shallow karst groundwater pollutants should be carried out first, and another type of monitoring (chemical/physical monitoring) is still needed afterwards.
监测频率调整模块通过评估是否满足第一和第二触发条件，智能地调整监测周期和监测顺序，使得监测工作更加灵活和高效。当系统检测到满足第一触发条件，表明地下水可能面临污染风险时，模块会及时响应，优先调整监测频率，增加初始监测次数，从而更快地捕捉到潜在的污染物，确保了监测的时效性和预警能力。此外，如果同时满足第二触发条件，模块会优先执行化学监测，包括对有机物、重金属等关键指标的检测，这对于快速识别和响应化学性污染具有重要意义；如果不满足第二触发条件，监测频率调整模块会转而优先进行物理监测，包括温度、pH值等参数的测定；这种策略不仅有助于全面评估地下水环境的物理状态，还能够辅助判断是否存在由物理因素引起的水质变化，为后续的化学监测或其他深入分析提供重要参考。通过这种智能调整策略，监测系统能够更加精确地分配监测资源，优化监测流程，实现对岩溶地下水污染物的高效监测，为水资源的保护和可持续利用提供坚实的数据支持。The monitoring frequency adjustment module intelligently adjusts the monitoring cycle and monitoring sequence by evaluating whether the first and second trigger conditions are met, making the monitoring work more flexible and efficient. When the system detects that the first trigger condition is met, indicating that the groundwater may face pollution risks, the module will respond in time, give priority to adjusting the monitoring frequency, and increase the number of initial monitoring times, so as to capture potential pollutants more quickly, ensuring the timeliness and early warning capabilities of monitoring. In addition, if the second trigger condition is met at the same time, the module will give priority to chemical monitoring, including the detection of key indicators such as organic matter and heavy metals, which is of great significance for the rapid identification and response to chemical pollution; if the second trigger condition is not met, the monitoring frequency adjustment module will instead give priority to physical monitoring, including the determination of parameters such as temperature and pH value; this strategy not only helps to comprehensively evaluate the physical state of the groundwater environment, but also can assist in determining whether there are water quality changes caused by physical factors, providing important reference for subsequent chemical monitoring or other in-depth analysis. Through this intelligent adjustment strategy, the monitoring system can more accurately allocate monitoring resources, optimize the monitoring process, achieve efficient monitoring of karst groundwater pollutants, and provide solid data support for the protection and sustainable use of water resources.
具体而言，监测频率调整模块判断需调整监测周期时，监测频率调整模块在进行完化学监测和物理监测后，根据单个垂向分带的当前径流量与预设径流量的大小关系确定需调整监测频率的对应垂向分带；Specifically, when the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines that the monitoring cycle needs to be adjusted, after completing chemical monitoring and physical monitoring, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines the corresponding vertical zone for which the monitoring frequency needs to be adjusted according to the magnitude relationship between the current runoff volume of a single vertical zone and the preset runoff volume;
其中，所述预设径流量为当次调整监测周期前径流量的期望值的1.2倍。The preset runoff volume is 1.2 times the expected value of the runoff volume before the current adjustment monitoring period.
可以理解的是，在调整监测周期前，根据之前监测的全部径流量数据确定其对应的标准差，将该标准差设置为当次调整监测周期前径流量的期望值。It is understandable that before adjusting the monitoring period, the corresponding standard deviation is determined based on all previously monitored runoff data, and the standard deviation is set as the expected value of the runoff before adjusting the monitoring period.
在实施中，需根据每个垂向分带的当前径流量与预设径流量的大小关系确定该垂向分带是否需要调整监测频率，因为，与地表距离得越远降水携带的污染物对其影响应该越小。In implementation, it is necessary to determine whether the monitoring frequency of each vertical zone needs to be adjusted based on the relationship between the current runoff volume and the preset runoff volume, because the farther away from the surface, the smaller the impact of pollutants carried by precipitation should be.
具体而言，若单个垂向分带的所述当前径流量大于等于预设径流量，所述监测频率调整模块根据该垂向分带的当前电导率和预设电导率的比值确定监测频率调整值；Specifically, if the current runoff of a single vertical zone is greater than or equal to a preset runoff, the monitoring frequency adjustment module determines a monitoring frequency adjustment value according to a ratio of the current conductivity of the vertical zone to the preset conductivity;
监测频率调整值=[1+(当前电导率÷预设电导率)]×初始监测周期对应的初始监测频率；Monitoring frequency adjustment value = [1 + (current conductivity ÷ preset conductivity)] × initial monitoring frequency corresponding to the initial monitoring cycle;
其中，所述预设电导率为当次调整监测周期前电导率的期望值。The preset conductivity is the expected value of the conductivity before adjusting the monitoring cycle.
可以理解的是，根据当次调整监测周期之前监测的全部电导率确定其对应的电导率标准差，将该电导率标准差设置为当次调整监测周期前电导率的期望值，即预设电导率。It can be understood that the corresponding conductivity standard deviation is determined according to all the conductivities monitored before the current adjustment of the monitoring cycle, and the conductivity standard deviation is set to the expected value of the conductivity before the current adjustment of the monitoring cycle, that is, the preset conductivity.
监测频率调整模块通过动态评估单个垂向分带的当前径流量与预设径流量的关系，实现了监测频率的智能化调整，这一策略极大地提高了监测系统的适应性和响应能力。当监测到的径流量达到或超过预设径流量时，表明该区域水文地质活动增强，可能伴随更活跃的物质交换和污染物迁移，此时系统将依据电导率变化进一步精细化调整监测频率。电导率作为水质特性的一个重要指标，其变化可能指示水质和污染物含量的变化。通过计算当前电导率与预设电导率的比值来调整监测频率，确保了在水质变化显著时能够增加监测次数，及时捕捉和响应地下水环境的动态变化。此外，该模块的调整策略保证了监测资源在不同垂向分带上的合理分配，在地下水流动较快或水质变化较大的区域，增加监测频率可以更准确地追踪污染物的扩散路径和影响范围。反之，在水文地质活动相对较缓的区域，则可以适当降低监测频率，从而优化监测成本和资源使用效率。这种基于实时数据的动态调整机制，不仅提高了监测的针对性和有效性，而且通过精确控制监测频率，减少了不必要的监测次数，实现了成本效益最大化，为地下水资源管理和污染防治提供了有力的数据支持和决策依据。The monitoring frequency adjustment module realizes the intelligent adjustment of the monitoring frequency by dynamically evaluating the relationship between the current runoff and the preset runoff in a single vertical zone. This strategy greatly improves the adaptability and responsiveness of the monitoring system. When the monitored runoff reaches or exceeds the preset runoff, it indicates that the hydrogeological activity in the area is enhanced, which may be accompanied by more active material exchange and pollutant migration. At this time, the system will further refine the monitoring frequency according to the change in conductivity. As an important indicator of water quality characteristics, the change of conductivity may indicate the change of water quality and pollutant content. By calculating the ratio of the current conductivity to the preset conductivity to adjust the monitoring frequency, it is ensured that the number of monitoring times can be increased when the water quality changes significantly, and the dynamic changes of the groundwater environment can be captured and responded to in time. In addition, the adjustment strategy of this module ensures the reasonable allocation of monitoring resources in different vertical zones. In areas where the groundwater flows faster or the water quality changes more, increasing the monitoring frequency can more accurately track the diffusion path and impact range of pollutants. On the contrary, in areas where the hydrogeological activity is relatively slow, the monitoring frequency can be appropriately reduced, thereby optimizing the monitoring cost and resource utilization efficiency. This dynamic adjustment mechanism based on real-time data not only improves the pertinence and effectiveness of monitoring, but also reduces unnecessary monitoring times by precisely controlling the monitoring frequency, thereby maximizing cost-effectiveness and providing strong data support and decision-making basis for groundwater resource management and pollution prevention and control.
在实施中，污染物监测模块根据监测频率调整模块确定的初始监测周期和调整检测周期后的监测频率分别对各垂向分带进行污染物监测。During implementation, the pollutant monitoring module monitors pollutants in each vertical zone according to the initial monitoring period determined by the monitoring frequency adjustment module and the monitoring frequency after the adjustment of the detection period.
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征做出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。So far, the technical solutions of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the preferred embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings. However, it is easy for those skilled in the art to understand that the protection scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Without departing from the principle of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make equivalent changes or substitutions to the relevant technical features, and the technical solutions after these changes or substitutions will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例，并不用于限制本发明；对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
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