技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及一种蓄电池的状态评估技术，更具体地说，涉及一种蓄电池远程监控及性能评估系统。The present invention relates to a battery status evaluation technology, and more specifically, to a battery remote monitoring and performance evaluation system.
背景技术Background technique
所谓智能电力监控系统是指利用计算机技术、计量保护装置和总线技术，对输变电系统的实时数据、开关状态和远程控制进行集中检测和集中管理的软硬件装置。目前智能电力监控系统已具备单元模块化、传输网络化和监控图形化的特点。The so-called intelligent power monitoring system refers to a hardware and software device that uses computer technology, metering protection devices and bus technology to centrally detect and manage the real-time data, switch status and remote control of the power transmission and transformation system. At present, the intelligent power monitoring system has the characteristics of unit modularization, transmission networking and monitoring graphics.
虽然智能电力监控系统得到了长足的发展，但仍有局限性：对各电参量及开关状态参量的监控应用也远远多于对环境参量的监控应用。而实际经验表明，除了电气设备自身的原因外，后备电源引起的设备故障也是造成输变电网不能稳定运行的一大重要因素。因此对后备电源的监控也是非常必要的。在国内外的行业应用中，对蓄电池的在线监控已有较为成熟的研究和应用的例子，但给出的解决方案就是分别安装绝缘检测系统、电池巡检系统、电压监测系统、环境监控系统、变压器监控系统等，这些系统具有如下问题：Although the intelligent power monitoring system has made great progress, it still has limitations: the monitoring applications of various electrical parameters and switch status parameters are far more than the monitoring applications of environmental parameters. Practical experience shows that in addition to the reasons of the electrical equipment itself, equipment failure caused by the backup power supply is also an important factor causing the transmission and transformation network to be unable to operate stably. Therefore, monitoring of the backup power supply is also very necessary. In domestic and foreign industry applications, there are relatively mature research and application examples of online monitoring of batteries, but the solution given is to install insulation detection systems, battery inspection systems, voltage monitoring systems, environmental monitoring systems, transformer monitoring systems, etc. These systems have the following problems:
1、各系统之间独立运行，形成监控“孤岛”现象，无法有效的进行管理，也达不到安全管理的效果。1. Each system operates independently, forming a monitoring "island" phenomenon, which makes it impossible to effectively manage and achieve the effect of security management.
2、多系统并存不但增加了投资成本，后期的维护成本也大大增加，并且多个厂家的设备同时运行，也会产生扯皮现场，浪费供电公司的时间和精力。2. The coexistence of multiple systems not only increases the investment cost, but also greatly increases the subsequent maintenance cost. In addition, the simultaneous operation of equipment from multiple manufacturers will also cause disputes and waste the power supply company's time and energy.
3、装置功能单一。3. The device has a single function.
4、联网的监测装置一般只有少量的重要信息上传到监控中心，不能实时反映直流设备运行状态、环境参量等的详细信息。4. Generally, only a small amount of important information is uploaded to the monitoring center by the networked monitoring device, and detailed information such as the operating status of the DC equipment and environmental parameters cannot be reflected in real time.
5、监测数据离散化，状态的判断主要依靠人工巡检才能发现问题，影响了电网的安全运行。5. The monitoring data is discrete, and the status judgment mainly relies on manual inspection to discover problems, which affects the safe operation of the power grid.
6、对后备电源的蓄电池运维状况不重视，无法保证蓄电池运行在良好状态，影响了电网的安全运行，电力行业由于蓄电池故障导致的各类事故也时有发生，部分甚至造成着火、全站停电，给电力系统的可靠运行带来了很大安全隐患。6. The operation and maintenance of the backup power supply battery is not taken seriously, and the battery cannot be guaranteed to be in good condition, which affects the safe operation of the power grid. Various accidents caused by battery failures also occur frequently in the power industry, some of which even cause fires and power outages in the entire station, posing a great safety hazard to the reliable operation of the power system.
7、对于电池在线监测系统而言，目前已经开发一些蓄电池的在线监测装置，该装置可以为蓄电池的日常维护监测提供有效的技术手段，实现综合分析、智能管理、自动报警以及网络监控等多种功能。但该装置一方面功能单一，只能提供监测功能，另一方面不能评估蓄电池剩余寿命、实际容量和远程对蓄电池进行维护。目前电池组充放电电流、电压、温度等测量技术基本成熟，目前研究主要方向是单体内阻的测量，有关绝缘阻抗监测、蓄电池在线均衡和蓄电池剩余寿命评估的研究国内目前还没有开始。7. As for the battery online monitoring system, some online monitoring devices for batteries have been developed. The devices can provide effective technical means for the daily maintenance and monitoring of batteries, and realize comprehensive analysis, intelligent management, automatic alarm, network monitoring and other functions. However, the device has a single function and can only provide monitoring functions. On the other hand, it cannot evaluate the remaining life of the battery, the actual capacity, and remotely maintain the battery. At present, the measurement technology of battery pack charging and discharging current, voltage, temperature, etc. is basically mature. The main research direction is the measurement of monomer internal resistance. Research on insulation impedance monitoring, battery online balancing and battery remaining life evaluation has not yet started in China.
8、对于直流系统绝缘监察装置而言，目前应用的装置功能单一，只能提供监测功能并在满足条件时发出预告信号，不能监测绝缘降低，不能实现隔离保护和准确监测接地位置。8. As for the insulation monitoring device of the DC system, the devices currently used have a single function and can only provide monitoring functions and send out warning signals when conditions are met. They cannot monitor insulation degradation, achieve isolation protection, and accurately monitor the grounding position.
9、不具备蓄电池电压均衡能力，往往由于蓄电池中某几节蓄电池的电压变化而导致其他蓄电池处于过充电或欠充电，电池出现容量下降、电池寿命缩短、电解液干涸等情况，影响整个系统运行的可靠性。9. It does not have the ability to balance the battery voltage. The voltage changes of some batteries in the battery often cause other batteries to be overcharged or undercharged, resulting in battery capacity reduction, shortened battery life, electrolyte drying up, etc., affecting the reliability of the entire system operation.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对上述问题，本发明提供一种能够有效监测和评价蓄电池状态的系统。In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a system that can effectively monitor and evaluate the battery status.
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种蓄电池远程监控及性能评估系统，为每一待评估的蓄电池分别独立设置数据采集模块；每一蓄电池设置备用蓄电池单元，所述蓄电池和对应的所述备用蓄电池单元连接一个远程放电模块；数据采集模块以及相应的远程放电模块连接了一个终端控制器；终端控制器通过通信网络连接了数据库服务器和控制中心，所述控制中心和所述数据库服务器通过网络交互数据；In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a battery remote monitoring and performance evaluation system, wherein a data acquisition module is independently set for each battery to be evaluated; a backup battery unit is set for each battery, and the battery and the corresponding backup battery unit are connected to a remote discharge module; the data acquisition module and the corresponding remote discharge module are connected to a terminal controller; the terminal controller is connected to a database server and a control center through a communication network, and the control center and the database server exchange data through the network;
其中，所述控制中心，根据包括蓄电池应用寿命、剩余容量的指标对蓄电池进行评估；The control center evaluates the battery according to indicators including the battery life and remaining capacity;
所述数据库服务器，用于存储采集到的数据信息，并为所述控制中心提供数据库服务；The database server is used to store the collected data information and provide database services for the control center;
终端控制器，通过网络传输方式，将实时采集的各站点的蓄电池数据，传输到数据库服务器里；The terminal controller transmits the real-time collected battery data of each site to the database server through network transmission;
数据采集模块，实时远程监控和采集所述蓄电池两端电压、蓄电池单体电压、蓄电池单体温度、电流、蓄电池内阻、环境温度、蓄电池运行状态(状态有：正常工作状态有：均衡充电状态、浮充状态、放电/供电状态；异常状态：均衡充电状态、浮充状态和放电/供电状态任一种状态下发生工作参数异常，比如单体电压过高、过低、电池间电压差的)、母线电压参数；The data acquisition module remotely monitors and collects the voltage at both ends of the battery, the battery cell voltage, the battery cell temperature, the current, the battery internal resistance, the ambient temperature, the battery operation status (the status includes: the normal working status includes: the balanced charging status, the floating charging status, the discharge/power supply status; the abnormal status includes: the abnormal working parameters in any of the balanced charging status, the floating charging status and the discharge/power supply status, such as the single cell voltage is too high, too low, and the voltage difference between batteries), and the bus voltage parameters in real time;
母线电压参数具体包括DTU电池容量、寿命预测所需的参数；The bus voltage parameters specifically include the parameters required for DTU battery capacity and life prediction;
远程放电模块，远程控制相应所述蓄电池逐组实现恒流放电；放电结束后，通过供电系统对蓄电池进行在线充电恢复；A remote discharge module remotely controls the corresponding batteries to discharge in groups at a constant current; after the discharge is completed, the batteries are charged and restored online through the power supply system;
S1:基于上述系统，提供电池容量预测功能，包括如下步骤：S1: Based on the above system, a battery capacity prediction function is provided, including the following steps:
S1-1:离散采集的蓄电池放电参数，包括放电比例、放电容量、对应电压、对应温度、放电电流；S1-1: discretely collected battery discharge parameters, including discharge ratio, discharge capacity, corresponding voltage, corresponding temperature, and discharge current;
S1-2:基于已采集数据，以实际电容量的5%为间隔，采用插值法计算出相关放电比例、放电容量、对应电压、对应温度、放电电流的值，绘制放电变量表；S1-2: Based on the collected data, with 5% of the actual capacitance as the interval, the interpolation method is used to calculate the values of the relevant discharge ratio, discharge capacity, corresponding voltage, corresponding temperature, and discharge current, and a discharge variable table is drawn;
S1-3:根据如下公式(1)预测电池已放电容量：S1-3: Predict the battery discharge capacity according to the following formula (1):
公式(1) Formula 1)
式中，C(t)表示预测电池已放电容量，Vt表示电池组工作参数中最低的蓄电池单体当前电压，Vi表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的起始电压，Vi+1表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的终止电压，It表示电池组当前放电电流值，I0表示放电变量表中Vt所在区间起始点放电电流值，C(i)表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的起始放电容量，C(i+1)表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的终止放电容量，Tt表示当前放电时的环境温度，T0表示放电变量表中Vt所在区间起始点时的环境温度，当Vt对应多个区间时，以表中左起第一个区间为准，当Vt超出放电比例0%对应的电压值时，C(t)取值为0；In the formula, C(t) represents the predicted discharged capacity of the battery,Vt represents the lowest current voltage of the battery cell in the working parameters of the battery pack,Vi represents the starting voltage of the interval where the current voltageVt is located in the discharge variable table,Vi+1 represents the ending voltage of the interval where the current voltageVt is located in the discharge variable table,It represents the current discharge current value of the battery pack,I0 represents the discharge current value at the starting point of the interval whereVt is located in the discharge variable table, C(i) represents the starting discharge capacity of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table, C(i+1) represents the ending discharge capacity of the interval where the current voltageVt is located in the discharge variable table,Tt represents the ambient temperature during the current discharge,T0 represents the ambient temperature at the starting point of the interval whereVt is located in the discharge variable table, whenVt corresponds to multiple intervals, the first interval from the left in the table shall prevail, and when Vt exceeds the voltage value corresponding to the discharge ratio of 0%, C(t) takes the value of 0;
S1-4:预测电池剩余容量和实际容量；S1-4: Predict the remaining capacity and actual capacity of the battery;
电池剩余容量C(left)=C(total)-C(t) 公式(2)Remaining battery capacity C(left)=C(total)-C(t) Formula (2)
电池实际容量C=C(left)+C(实际) 公式(3)The actual battery capacity C = C (left) + C (actual) Formula (3)
式中，C(total)表示建立放电变量表时记录的蓄电池实际容量，C(left)表示根据当前状态计算得到的蓄电池剩余容量，C(实际)表示控制器采集到的蓄电池实际放电容量，C表示蓄电池当前状态下实际容量，其中步骤S1-4中，当Vt低于从表格左侧起蓄电池容量一栏变化时所对应的电压值后，按照控制器上报的放电量计算C(t)，即C(t)=C(实际)；In the formula, C(total) represents the actual capacity of the battery recorded when establishing the discharge variable table, C(left) represents the remaining capacity of the battery calculated according to the current state, C(actual) represents the actual discharge capacity of the battery collected by the controller, and C represents the actual capacity of the battery in the current state. In step S1-4, when Vt is lower than the voltage value corresponding to the change in the battery capacity column from the left side of the table, C(t) is calculated according to the discharge amount reported by the controller, that is, C(t)=C(actual);
S2：基于上述系统，提供电池剩余寿命预测功能，包括如下步骤：S2: Based on the above system, a battery remaining life prediction function is provided, including the following steps:
当蓄电池放出电量不少于蓄电池额定容量的30%时，在蓄电池放电结束后，依据最后一次离散采集到放电状态时的工作参数，工作参数包括：放电比例、放电容量、对应电压、对应温度、放电电流的值，计算寿命：When the battery discharges no less than 30% of the rated capacity of the battery, after the battery discharge is completed, the life is calculated based on the working parameters when the last discrete collection of the discharge state is completed. The working parameters include: discharge ratio, discharge capacity, corresponding voltage, corresponding temperature, and discharge current value:
Y(t)= 公式(4)Y(t)= Formula (4)
或or
Y(t)=10-Y(i) 公式(5)Y(t)=10-Y(i) Formula (5)
式中，Y(t)表示计算得到的蓄电池剩余寿命，取公式(4)计算结果和公式(5)计算结果较小的值，Y(i)表示蓄电池已知工作时间；Where, Y(t) represents the calculated remaining life of the battery, which is the smaller value between the result of formula (4) and the result of formula (5), and Y(i) represents the known working time of the battery;
k= 公式(6)k= Formula (6)
式中，k表示老化系数，y=已知工作年限-1；Where k represents the aging coefficient, y = known working years - 1;
S3：基于上述系统，提供蓄电池剩余寿命预测功能，包括如下步骤：S3: Based on the above system, a battery remaining life prediction function is provided, including the following steps:
依据电池放电容量，计算电池容量衰减比，得到蓄电池当前老化系数，大量的蓄电池测试中发现电池的老化模型类似于电池放电曲线，新电池老化系数为1，寿命终止时其老化系数为0，依据蓄电池老化系数公式：According to the battery discharge capacity, the battery capacity attenuation ratio is calculated to obtain the current battery aging coefficient. A large number of battery tests have found that the battery aging model is similar to the battery discharge curve. The aging coefficient of a new battery is 1, and its aging coefficient is 0 at the end of its life. According to the battery aging coefficient formula:
公式(7) Formula (7)
式中,Bmi表示当前的老化系数，Cmi是当前条件下蓄电池的实际容量；Cli是作为参考的蓄电池的容量；Tmi是当前条件下蓄电池温度；Tli是作为参考的蓄电池温度；Imi是当前条件下蓄电池工作电流，Ili是作为参考的蓄电池工作电流；Wherein, Bmi represents the current aging coefficient, Cmi is the actual capacity of the battery under the current conditions; Cli is the capacity of the battery used as a reference; Tmi is the battery temperature under the current conditions; Tli is the battery temperature used as a reference; Imi is the battery operating current under the current conditions, and Ili is the battery operating current used as a reference;
最小二乘支持向量机模型：Least Squares Support Vector Machine Model:
公式(8) Formula (8)
式中，表示权重系数(是一个介于0-1间的数，该数据随着每次实验数据的丰富而调整，并需要跟着下一次实验来验证，不是一个具体值，也不是一个明确的函数关系可以表示的)，i表示一组实际数据中第i个具体数值，X为工作电压，B为老化系数，a,b,c,d,e,g表示待优化变量，表示放电电流；In the formula, represents the weight coefficient (a number between 0 and 1, which is adjusted as the experimental data is enriched each time and needs to be verified with the next experiment. It is not a specific value, nor can it be represented by a clear function relationship). i represents the i-th specific value in a set of actual data, X is the operating voltage, B is the aging coefficient, a, b, c, d, e, g represent the variables to be optimized, Indicates the discharge current;
利用上千组的电池老化实验数据输入向量随机模型，确定待优化变量的系数范围，最终形成蓄电池剩余寿命的预测公式。Thousands of battery aging test data are used to input the vector stochastic model to determine the coefficient range of the variables to be optimized, and ultimately form a prediction formula for the remaining battery life.
a、b、c、d、e、g是根据最小二乘法推导得到的函数f(x)中的系数。如上文所述，函数f(x)的目的是通过综合评估电压、容量、电流、温度、老化系数的数据来计算得到蓄电池的剩余寿命。假设定义剩余寿命为Q，则函数f(x)可以化简为通过一组方程Qi=θ(axi+byi+cai+dci+eti)的集合来求解,其中xi、yi、ai、ci、ti分别对应已知的多组电压、老化系数、电流、容量、温度数据(即实验数据)，通过解方程即可得到a、b、c、d、e、g的具体数值，该数值将随着实验数据的增加而更为精确(优化)，而随着a、b、c、d、e、g的数值的确定，可以在实际应用中测量蓄电池的电压、电流等参数后，简单的套用公式求得蓄电池的剩余寿命。a, b, c, d, e, g are coefficients in the function f(x) derived by the least squares method. As mentioned above, the purpose of the function f(x) is to calculate the remaining life of the battery by comprehensively evaluating the data of voltage, capacity, current, temperature, and aging coefficient. Assuming that the remaining life is defined as Q, the function f(x) can be simplified to be solved by a set of equationsQi = θ (axi +byi + cai + dci +eti ), wherexi ,yi ,ai ,ci ,ti correspond to multiple sets of known voltage, aging coefficient, current, capacity, and temperature data (i.e., experimental data). By solving the equations, the specific values of a, b, c, d, e, and g can be obtained. The values will become more accurate (optimized) as the experimental data increases. With the determination of the values of a, b, c, d, e, and g, the remaining life of the battery can be obtained by simply applying the formula after measuring the voltage, current and other parameters of the battery in actual applications.
优选方式下，当数据采集模块监测到某个单体蓄电池的内阻值超过设定的门限值时，所述控制中心通过终端控制器自动告警提示；In a preferred embodiment, when the data acquisition module detects that the internal resistance of a single battery exceeds a set threshold value, the control center automatically issues an alarm through the terminal controller;
采用两种方法实现对内阻的测量，分别是交流法或直流法；There are two methods to measure internal resistance, namely AC method or DC method;
交流法是通过交流信号发生器产生一个固定频率的交流电压，测量这个信号经过蓄电池时的电流，计算电压与电流的比值得出电阻值；直流法是让蓄电池在不同电流情况下放电，测量放电时的电压值，通过计算电压差与电流差的比值得出电阻值。The AC method is to generate an AC voltage of a fixed frequency through an AC signal generator, measure the current when this signal passes through the battery, and calculate the ratio of voltage to current to get the resistance value; the DC method is to discharge the battery under different current conditions, measure the voltage value during discharge, and calculate the resistance value by calculating the ratio of voltage difference to current difference.
优选方式下，基于预测电池实际容量需结合电池内阻比对标准进行综合评估，可得到电池准确的实际容量，具体比对标准后采用如下方式处理：In the preferred method, the actual capacity of the battery needs to be predicted based on the comprehensive evaluation combined with the battery internal resistance comparison standard to obtain the accurate actual capacity of the battery. After the specific comparison standard, the following method is used:
在实际工程应用中是将蓄电池实际内阻分别与同批次新电池的内阻作比较，采用方式1；或同一组蓄电池平均内阻作比较，采用方式2；或与自身上次内阻测试数值比较，采用方式3；In actual engineering applications, the actual internal resistance of the battery is compared with the internal resistance of new batteries in the same batch, using method 1; or the average internal resistance of the same group of batteries, using method 2; or compared with the value of the last internal resistance test, using method 3;
方式1：同一批次电池生产要素基本一样，故内阻基本接近；当某一具体蓄电池内阻高于新电池内阻，则意味着容量下降，需要实际测试；Method 1: The production factors of the same batch of batteries are basically the same, so the internal resistance is basically close; when the internal resistance of a specific battery is higher than that of a new battery, it means that the capacity has decreased and actual testing is required;
方式2：同一组电池因使用环境完全相同，内阻应基本一样；当某一具体蓄电池内阻高于同组平均内阻，则意味着容量下降；一般内阻高于平均内阻30%即要密切关注，高于100%即认为需要替换；Method 2: The internal resistance of the same group of batteries should be basically the same because the use environment is exactly the same; when the internal resistance of a specific battery is higher than the average internal resistance of the same group, it means that the capacity has decreased; generally, if the internal resistance is 30% higher than the average internal resistance, it should be paid close attention to, and if it is higher than 100%, it is considered that it needs to be replaced;
方式3：对比体蓄电池内阻与蓄电池实际剩余容量下降的关系，蓄电池实际剩余容量在标称值的100%-70%左右时，容量下降与内阻上升的对应关系变化不明显，当蓄电池实际剩余容量小于标称值的25%时，内阻上升趋势逐步加快。Method 3: Compare the relationship between the internal resistance of the battery and the decrease in the actual remaining capacity of the battery. When the actual remaining capacity of the battery is around 100%-70% of the nominal value, the corresponding relationship between the capacity decrease and the internal resistance increase does not change significantly. When the actual remaining capacity of the battery is less than 25% of the nominal value, the internal resistance increase trend gradually accelerates.
离散采集(Darts,Dice,and Coins:Sampling from a Discrete DistributionLast Major update:December 29,2011)。Discrete Sampling (Darts, Dice, and Coins: Sampling from a Discrete DistributionLast Major update: December 29, 2011).
放电变量表记录以放电比例百分之零起，百分之五为间隔，直到百分之百，记录对应的放电容量，对应电压、对应温度、放电电流的实际测量值。The discharge variable table records the actual measured values of the corresponding discharge capacity, voltage, temperature and discharge current starting from 0% discharge ratio and at intervals of 5% until 100%.
步骤S2中的老化系数K和步骤S3中的老化系数Bmi是本发明领域两种不同的获取方法，根据现场的需求选取不同方法。The aging coefficient K in step S2 and the aging coefficientBmi in step S3 are two different acquisition methods in the field of the present invention, and different methods are selected according to the needs of the site.
向量机模型计算机系统应用 ISSN 1003-3254, CODEN CSAOBN ComputerSystems & Applications,2018,27(4):1−9 [doi: 10.15888/j.cnki.csa.006273]。Vector Machine Model Computer Systems & Applications ISSN 1003-3254, CODEN CSAOBN Computer Systems & Applications, 2018, 27(4): 1−9 [doi: 10.15888/j.cnki.csa.006273].
本发明的有益目的：本发明采用物联网技术和智能传感器技术,实时远程监控和采集蓄电池两端电压、电池单体电压、电池单体温度、电流、环境温度、电池运行状态、母线电压等参数。实时将采集到的数据通过网络上传到中心管理平台软件进行分析存储，以便对变电站直流设备运行参数实时运行环境进行监控。同时系统依据实时监测的数据将计算出电池剩余寿命和实际容量评估，为蓄电池替换计划提供科学合理的依据。Beneficial purpose of the present invention: The present invention adopts Internet of Things technology and intelligent sensor technology to remotely monitor and collect parameters such as battery voltage at both ends, battery cell voltage, battery cell temperature, current, ambient temperature, battery operating status, bus voltage, etc. in real time. The collected data is uploaded to the central management platform software through the network in real time for analysis and storage, so as to monitor the real-time operating environment of the substation DC equipment operating parameters. At the same time, the system will calculate the remaining battery life and actual capacity evaluation based on the real-time monitoring data, providing a scientific and reasonable basis for the battery replacement plan.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本发明系统的原理结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the system of the present invention;
图2是预先存储的放电变量表；FIG2 is a pre-stored discharge variable table;
图3是更新后的完全放电变量表。FIG3 is an updated full discharge variable table.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，本发明蓄电池远程监控及性能评估系统，首先为每一待评估的蓄电池分别独立设置数据采集模块；每一蓄电池设置备用蓄电池单元，所述蓄电池和对应的所述备用蓄电池单元连接一个远程放电模块；数据采集模块以及相应的远程放电模块连接了一个终端控制器；终端控制器通过通信网络连接了数据库服务器和控制中心，所述控制中心和所述数据库服务器通过网络交互数据。其中，As shown in FIG1 , the battery remote monitoring and performance evaluation system of the present invention first independently sets a data acquisition module for each battery to be evaluated; each battery is provided with a backup battery unit, and the battery and the corresponding backup battery unit are connected to a remote discharge module; the data acquisition module and the corresponding remote discharge module are connected to a terminal controller; the terminal controller is connected to a database server and a control center through a communication network, and the control center and the database server exchange data through the network.
1.控制中心：包括在线监测系统、直流系统绝缘阻抗监测系统和蓄电池远程核对性放电维护系统，该系统将为直流设备的日常维护监测维护提供有效的技术手段，实现远程维护、综合分析、智能管理、自动报警以及网络监控等多种先进功能。同时，从多个角度研究蓄电池的各种运行维护参数，具有一种蓄电池的评估体系，利用该体系根据电池的应用寿命、剩余容量等主要指标对蓄电池进行评估、区分、筛选。1. Control center: including online monitoring system, DC system insulation impedance monitoring system and battery remote verification discharge maintenance system, which will provide effective technical means for the daily maintenance monitoring and maintenance of DC equipment, and realize remote maintenance, comprehensive analysis, intelligent management, automatic alarm and network monitoring and other advanced functions. At the same time, various operation and maintenance parameters of batteries are studied from multiple angles, and a battery evaluation system is provided, which is used to evaluate, distinguish and screen batteries according to the main indicators such as battery application life and remaining capacity.
2.数据库服务器：用于存储采集到的数据信息，并为控制中心提供数据库服务。2. Database server: used to store collected data information and provide database services for the control center.
3.终端控制器：通过各种网络传输方式，将系统实时采集的各站点的蓄电池数据，传输到数据库服务器里。经过控制中心，完成对于上传的各个站点动力环境数据的综合分析处理，自动显示和分析各站点直流设备的运行参数与运行状态，实现远程维护、综合分析、智能管理、自动报警以及网络监控等多种功能。3. Terminal controller: The battery data of each site collected by the system in real time is transmitted to the database server through various network transmission methods. Through the control center, the comprehensive analysis and processing of the uploaded power environment data of each site is completed, and the operating parameters and operating status of the DC equipment at each site are automatically displayed and analyzed, realizing remote maintenance, comprehensive analysis, intelligent management, automatic alarm, network monitoring and other functions.
4.数据采集模块：4. Data acquisition module:
(1)实时监测功能:实时远程监控和采集蓄电池两端电压、电池单体电压、电池单体温度、电流、环境温度、电池运行状态、母线电压等参数。(1) Real-time monitoring function: Real-time remote monitoring and collection of battery voltage, battery cell voltage, battery cell temperature, current, ambient temperature, battery operating status, bus voltage and other parameters.
(2)蓄电池内阻监控功能:在蓄电池在线常规监控的基础上，采用先进的在线内阻测试技术，能够在线测试每个蓄电池的内阻，可及时准确了解蓄电池的性能状态，发现故障单体。实时告警功能：当监测到某个单体的内阻值超过设定的门限值时，系统会自动告警提示。测试过程中不影响系统正常运行。该模块是由各种传感器组成的，用于采集蓄电池的蓄电池两端电压、电池单体电压、电池单体温度、电流、环境温度、电池运行状态、母线电压和蓄电池内阻。除了内阻测试，其他的都是通过传感器实时监测，因此叫常规测量。对内阻的测试不能直接通过传感器获取，模块中有两种方法实现对内阻的测量，分别是交流法和直流法。交流法是通过交流信号发生器产生一个固定(不同的交流信号发生器频率不同)频率的交流电压，测量这个信号经过蓄电池时的电流，计算电压与电流的比值得出电阻值；直流法是让蓄电池在不同电流情况下放电(不同的行业标准对放电电流有具体规定)，测量放电时的电压值，通过计算电压差与电流差的比值得出电阻值。交流法测量简单，随时都能够通过控制交流信号发生器进行测量，能够实时监测；直流法需要控制蓄电池进行放电时才能测量，因此不具备实时性。(2) Battery internal resistance monitoring function: Based on the conventional online monitoring of batteries, the advanced online internal resistance testing technology is adopted to test the internal resistance of each battery online, so as to timely and accurately understand the performance status of the battery and find faulty cells. Real-time alarm function: When the internal resistance value of a cell is detected to exceed the set threshold value, the system will automatically issue an alarm prompt. The normal operation of the system is not affected during the test. This module is composed of various sensors, which are used to collect the battery voltage at both ends, battery cell voltage, battery cell temperature, current, ambient temperature, battery operating status, bus voltage and battery internal resistance. Except for the internal resistance test, all others are monitored in real time by sensors, so it is called conventional measurement. The test of internal resistance cannot be obtained directly through sensors. There are two methods in the module to achieve the measurement of internal resistance, namely AC method and DC method. The AC method is to use an AC signal generator to generate an AC voltage with a fixed frequency (different AC signal generators have different frequencies), measure the current when this signal passes through the battery, and calculate the ratio of voltage to current to get the resistance value; the DC method is to discharge the battery under different current conditions (different industry standards have specific provisions for discharge current), measure the voltage value during discharge, and calculate the ratio of voltage difference to current difference to get the resistance value. The AC method is simple to measure, and can be measured at any time by controlling the AC signal generator, and can be monitored in real time; the DC method requires the battery to be controlled to discharge before measurement, so it does not have real-time performance.
5.远程放电模块：远程控制蓄电池逐组实现“在线”恒流放电。放电过程中，被测蓄电池无需脱离系统，保持实时在线，最大限度地保证系统的备份电池组剩余容量，以达到安全放电容量测试的目的。放电结束后，系统能对蓄电池进行在线充电恢复。整个核对性放电过程全部自动完成，放电过程中无需工作人员到现场操作，无需人员值守，系统后台自动记录相关结果，大大节约人力成本，提高劳动效率。5. Remote discharge module: remotely control the battery to achieve "online" constant current discharge group by group. During the discharge process, the tested battery does not need to be disconnected from the system and remains online in real time to maximize the remaining capacity of the system's backup battery group to achieve the purpose of safe discharge capacity testing. After the discharge is completed, the system can charge and restore the battery online. The entire verification discharge process is completed automatically. During the discharge process, there is no need for staff to operate on site or on duty. The system background automatically records the relevant results, which greatly saves labor costs and improves labor efficiency.
蓄电池剩余寿命预测功能，依据电池放电容量，计算电池容量衰减比，得到蓄电池当前老化系数，大量的蓄电池测试中发现电池的老化模型类似于电池放电曲线，新电池老化系数为1，寿命终止时其老化系数为0。The battery remaining life prediction function calculates the battery capacity attenuation ratio based on the battery discharge capacity to obtain the current battery aging coefficient. A large number of battery tests have found that the battery aging model is similar to the battery discharge curve. The aging coefficient of a new battery is 1, and its aging coefficient is 0 at the end of its life.
依据蓄电池老化系数公式：According to the battery aging coefficient formula:
Bmi就是当前的老化系数；Cmi是当前条件下蓄电池的实际容量；Cli是作为参考的蓄电池的容量；Tmi是当前条件下蓄电池温度；Tli是作为参考的蓄电池温度；Imi是当前条件下蓄电池工作电流；Ili是作为参考的蓄电池工作电流；Bmi is the current aging coefficient; Cmi is the actual capacity of the battery under current conditions; Cli is the capacity of the battery used as a reference; Tmi is the battery temperature under current conditions; Tli is the battery temperature used as a reference; Imi is the battery operating current under current conditions; Ili is the battery operating current used as a reference;
最小二乘支持向量机模型：Least Squares Support Vector Machine Model:
其中，为权重系数，X为电压，B为老化系数，a,b,c,d,g为待优化变量。为电流，利用上千组的电池老化实验数据输入数学模型，确定待优化变量的系数范围，最终形成蓄电池剩余寿命的预测公式。a、b、c、d、e是根据最小二乘法推导得到的函数f(x)中的系数。如上文所述，函数f(x) 的目的是通过综合评估电压、容量、电流、温度、老化系数的数据来计算得到蓄电池的剩余寿命。假设定义剩余寿命为Q，则函数f(x)可以化简为通过一组方程Qi=θ(axi+byi+cai+dci+eti)的集合来求解,其中xi、yi、ai、ci、ti分别对应已知的多组电压、老化系数、电流、容量、温度数据(即实验数据)，通过解方程即可得到a、b、c、d、e的具体数值，该数值将随着实验数据的增加而更为精确(优化)，而随着a、b、c、d、e的数值的确定，可以在实际应用中测量蓄电池的电压、电流等参数后，简单的套用公式求得蓄电池的剩余寿命。实际容量评估功能，蓄电池工作过程非常复杂，蓄电池的容量与负载大小、温度、当前饱和度、电池老化等有关系，而且负载、温度、电池型号、使用年限不同时，电池组的容量是非线性的。本方法是依据自学习放电曲线方法和小电流内阻测试法，采取曲线拟合和分段线性插值法综合评估电池实际容量，拟合曲线和分段差值综合公式为：in, is the weight coefficient, X is the voltage, B is the aging coefficient, and a, b, c, d, and g are the variables to be optimized. As current, thousands of battery aging experimental data are used to input into the mathematical model to determine the coefficient range of the variables to be optimized, and finally form a prediction formula for the remaining life of the battery. a, b, c, d, e are the coefficients in the function f(x) derived by the least squares method. As mentioned above, the purpose of the function f(x) is to calculate the remaining life of the battery by comprehensively evaluating the data of voltage, capacity, current, temperature, and aging coefficient. Assuming that the remaining life is defined as Q, the function f(x) can be simplified to a set of equations Qi=θ(axi+byi+cai+dci+eti) to solve, where xi, yi, ai, ci, ti correspond to multiple known sets of voltage, aging coefficient, current, capacity, and temperature data (i.e., experimental data). By solving the equations, the specific values of a, b, c, d, and e can be obtained. The values will become more accurate (optimized) as the experimental data increases. As the values of a, b, c, d, and e are determined, the voltage, current and other parameters of the battery can be measured in actual applications, and the remaining life of the battery can be simply obtained by applying the formula. Actual capacity evaluation function: The working process of the battery is very complex. The capacity of the battery is related to the load size, temperature, current saturation, battery aging, etc. Moreover, the capacity of the battery pack is nonlinear when the load, temperature, battery model, and service life are different. This method is based on the self-learning discharge curve method and the small current internal resistance test method, and adopts curve fitting and piecewise linear interpolation methods to comprehensively evaluate the actual capacity of the battery. The comprehensive formula of the fitting curve and the piecewise difference is:
公式中：C(t)表示在电池开始放电后，根据测量到的电池组工作参数预测的电池已放电容量，Vt表示电池放电后，测量到的电池组工作参数中最低的蓄电池单体当前电压，Vi表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的起始电压，Vi+1表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的终止电压，It表示电池组当前放电电流值，I0表示放电变量表中Vt所在区间起始点放电电流值，C(i)表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的起始放电容量，C(j)表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的终止放电容量，Tt表示当前放电时的环境温度，T0表示放电变量表中Vt所在区间起始点时的环境温度，依据预测电池实际容量需结合电池内阻比对标准进行综合评估，即可得到电池准确的实际容量。其中，电池内阻比对标准采用如下方式：在实际工程应用中是将蓄电池实际内阻分别与同批次新电池的内阻作比较(注1)，或同一组蓄电池平均内阻作比较(注2)，或与自身上次内阻测试数值比较(注3)。注1：同一批次电池生产要素基本一样，故内阻基本接近。当某一具体蓄电池内阻高于新电池内阻，则意味着容量下降。但是容量下降与内阻上升数值不是函数对应关系，需要实际测试。注2：同一组电池因使用环境完全相同，内阻应基本一样。当某一具体蓄电池内阻高于同组平均内阻，则意味着容量下降。一般内阻高于平均内阻30%即要密切关注，高于100%即认为需要替换。但是只比较某一电池具体内阻与平均值偏离量不能直接反应容量下降情况。注3：一般认为，蓄电池实际剩余容量在标称值的100%-70%左右时，容量下降与内阻上升的对应关系变化不明显。当蓄电池实际剩余容量小于标称值的25%时，内阻上升趋势逐步加快。In the formula: C(t) represents the battery's discharged capacity predicted based on the measured working parameters of the battery pack after the battery starts to discharge, Vt represents the lowest current voltage of the battery cell in the measured working parameters of the battery pack after the battery is discharged, Vi represents the starting voltage of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table, Vi+1 represents the ending voltage of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table, It represents the current discharge current value of the battery pack, I0 represents the discharge current value at the starting point of the interval where Vt is located in the discharge variable table, C(i) represents the starting discharge capacity of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table, C(j) represents the ending discharge capacity of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table, Tt represents the ambient temperature during the current discharge, and T0 represents the ambient temperature at the starting point of the interval where Vt is located in the discharge variable table. According to the prediction of the actual capacity of the battery, a comprehensive evaluation should be conducted in combination with the battery internal resistance comparison standard to obtain the accurate actual capacity of the battery. Among them, the battery internal resistance comparison standard adopts the following method: in actual engineering applications, the actual internal resistance of the battery is compared with the internal resistance of the new battery of the same batch (Note 1), or the average internal resistance of the same group of batteries (Note 2), or compared with the value of the last internal resistance test (Note 3). Note 1: The production factors of the batteries of the same batch are basically the same, so the internal resistance is basically close. When the internal resistance of a specific battery is higher than that of a new battery, it means that the capacity has decreased. However, the capacity decrease and the internal resistance increase are not a functional correspondence, and actual testing is required. Note 2: The internal resistance of the same group of batteries is basically the same because the use environment is exactly the same. When the internal resistance of a specific battery is higher than the average internal resistance of the same group, it means that the capacity has decreased. Generally, if the internal resistance is 30% higher than the average internal resistance, it should be paid close attention, and if it is higher than 100%, it is considered to need to be replaced. However, only comparing the deviation of the specific internal resistance of a battery from the average value cannot directly reflect the capacity decrease. Note 3: It is generally believed that when the actual remaining capacity of the battery is around 100%-70% of the nominal value, the corresponding relationship between the capacity decrease and the internal resistance increase does not change significantly. When the actual remaining capacity of the battery is less than 25% of the nominal value, the internal resistance increases gradually.
基于上述原理，下文展开说明具体的预测内容：Based on the above principles, the specific prediction content is explained below:
一、蓄电池容量、寿命的定义1. Definition of battery capacity and life
(一)、容量(I) Capacity
蓄电池容量：在一定的放电条件下从蓄电池所能得到的电量称为电池的容量，以符号C表示。常用的单位为安培·小时，简称安时(A·H)。蓄电池的容量可分为额定容量、实际容量、剩余容量。Battery capacity: The amount of electricity that can be obtained from a battery under certain discharge conditions is called the battery capacity, represented by the symbol C. The commonly used unit is ampere-hour, referred to as ampere-hour (A·H). The capacity of a battery can be divided into rated capacity, actual capacity, and residual capacity.
1、额定容量1. Rated capacity
额定容量：是指在规定的条件下，蓄电池完全充电后所能提供的由制造厂标明的安时电量。一般采用完全充足电的蓄电池在电解液平均温度25 ℃的情况下，以20小时率放电的电流(相当于额定容量的1/20)连续放电至单体1.75V时输出的电量，一般为蓄电池的标称容量。Rated capacity: refers to the ampere-hour of electricity that a fully charged battery can provide under specified conditions, as indicated by the manufacturer. Generally, the nominal capacity of a fully charged battery is the amount of electricity that is discharged continuously to 1.75V at a 20-hour rate discharge current (equivalent to 1/20 of the rated capacity) when the average electrolyte temperature is 25°C.
2、实际容量2. Actual capacity
实际容量：是指蓄电池完全充电后在一定条件下所能实际输出的最大电量。Actual capacity: refers to the maximum amount of electricity that a battery can actually output under certain conditions after it is fully charged.
3、剩余容量3. Remaining capacity
剩余容量：是指蓄电池实际容量与放出电量的差。Remaining capacity: refers to the difference between the actual capacity of the battery and the amount of electricity discharged.
(二)寿命(ii) Lifespan
1、蓄电池设计寿命1. Battery design life
蓄电池设计寿命一般指的是使用寿命，即是指新蓄电池使用或者搁置后到蓄电池实际容量跌至额定容量的80%的日历时间，一般为10年。The design life of a battery generally refers to its service life, which is the calendar time from when a new battery is used or put aside to when the actual capacity of the battery drops to 80% of the rated capacity, generally 10 years.
2、蓄电池剩余寿命2. Remaining battery life
蓄电池的剩余寿命，一般为蓄电池设计寿命与蓄电池工作时间的差。The remaining life of a battery is generally the difference between its design life and its operating time.
二、蓄电池容量计算方法2. Battery capacity calculation method
1、计算条件1. Calculation conditions
放电状态时以当前工作电压、环境温度、放电电流为计算依据，按照插值法计算旧电池剩余容量(Ct)，每次新的蓄电池工作参数上传后，均需计算蓄电池放电容量(Ct)，并以此计算蓄电池剩余容量(Cleft)。In the discharge state, the current working voltage, ambient temperature and discharge current are used as the calculation basis, and the remaining capacity (Ct) of the old battery is calculated according to the interpolation method. Each time the new battery working parameters are uploaded, the battery discharge capacity (Ct) needs to be calculated, and the battery remaining capacity (Cleft) is calculated based on this.
应当以同蓄电池中工作电压(Vt)最低的蓄电池计算得到的蓄电池放电容量(Ct)作为本蓄电池的剩余容量(Cleft)计算依据。The battery discharge capacity (Ct) calculated from the battery with the lowest operating voltage (Vt) among the same batteries should be used as the basis for calculating the remaining capacity (Cleft) of this battery.
2、计算方法2. Calculation method
根据当前蓄电池工作电压，以预先记录的蓄电池放电曲线为依据，采用插值法计算。具体方法为，事先根据蓄电池放电曲线，按照实际电容量的5%为间隔，共记录21个参考点，参见图2。According to the current battery operating voltage, the interpolation method is used to calculate based on the pre-recorded battery discharge curve. The specific method is to record 21 reference points in advance according to the battery discharge curve at an interval of 5% of the actual capacitance, as shown in Figure 2.
(1)首先根据蓄电池工作参数预测电池已放电容量，计算公式如下：(1) First, the battery discharge capacity is predicted based on the battery operating parameters. The calculation formula is as follows:
公式(1) Formula 1)
公式(1)中，各参数说明如下：C(t)表示在电池开始放电后，根据测量到的电池组工作参数预测的电池已放电容量，Vt表示电池放电后，测量到的电池组工作参数中最低的蓄电池单体当前电压Vi表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的起始电压，Vi+1表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt 所在区间的终止电压，It表示电池组当前放电电流值，I0表示放电变量表中Vt所在区间起始点放电电流值，C(i)表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的起始放电容量，C(i+1)表示放电变量表中当前电压Vt所在区间的终止放电容量，Tt表示当前放电时的环境温度，T0表示放电变量表中Vt所在区间起始点时的环境温度，当Vt对应多个区间时，以表中左起第一个区间为准，当Vt超出放电比例0%对应的电压值时，C(t)取值为0。In formula (1), the parameters are described as follows: C(t) represents the battery discharge capacity predicted according to the measured battery pack working parameters after the battery starts to discharge;Vt represents the lowest battery cell current voltage among the measured battery pack working parameters after the battery is discharged;Vi represents the starting voltage of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table; Vi+1 represents the ending voltage of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table;It represents the current discharge current value of the battery pack;I0 represents the discharge current value at the starting point of the interval where Vt is located in the discharge variable table; C(i) represents the starting discharge capacity of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table; C(i+1) represents the ending discharge capacity of the interval where the current voltage Vt is located in the discharge variable table;Tt represents the ambient temperature during the current discharge;T0 represents the ambient temperature at the starting point of the interval where Vt is located in the discharge variable table; when Vt corresponds to multiple intervals, the first interval from the left in the table shall prevail; when Vt exceeds the voltage value corresponding to the discharge ratio of 0%, C(t) takes the value of 0.
计算示例1：在某一时刻测得蓄电池的工作电压Vt为2.005V，放电电流It为39.9A，环境温度Tt为32.3℃。则通过公式(1)可以得到Calculation example 1: At a certain moment, the battery operating voltage Vt is measured to be 2.005V, the discharge current It is 39.9A, and the ambient temperature Tt is 32.3℃. Then, according to formula (1), we can get
C(t)=C(t)=
计算示例2：在某一时刻测得蓄电池的工作电压Vt为2.182V，放电电流It为39.9A，环境温度Tt为32.3℃，则因为Vt大于2.126V，所以C(t)=0。Calculation example 2: At a certain moment, the operating voltage Vt of the battery is measured to be 2.182V, the discharge current It is 39.9A, and the ambient temperature Tt is 32.3℃. Since Vt is greater than 2.126V, C(t)=0.
(2)预测电池剩余容量和实际容量(2) Predicting the remaining battery capacity and actual capacity
电池剩余容量 C(left)=C(total)-C(t)Remaining battery capacity C(left)=C(total)-C(t)
电池实际容量 C= C(left)+C(实际)Actual battery capacity C = C(left)+C(actual)
C(total):建表时记录的蓄电池实际容量，即图2中放电变量表中放电容量一栏最右侧的值，C(t):根据当前状态，采用公式(1)计算得到的蓄电池放电容量，C(left): 根据当前状态计算得到的蓄电池剩余容量，为C(total)与C(t)的差，C(实际):控制器采集到的蓄电池实际放电容量，C：计算得到的蓄电池当前状态下实际容量，为C(left)与C(实际)的和。C(total): the actual capacity of the battery recorded when the table is created, that is, the rightmost value of the discharge capacity column in the discharge variable table in Figure 2, C(t): the battery discharge capacity calculated according to the current state using formula (1), C(left): the remaining capacity of the battery calculated according to the current state, which is the difference between C(total) and C(t), C(actual): the actual discharge capacity of the battery collected by the controller, C: the actual capacity of the battery in the current state calculated, which is the sum of C(left) and C(actual).
计算示例3：在某一时刻测得蓄电池的工作电压Vt为2.005V，放电电流It为39.9A，环境温度Tt为32.3℃，已放电电量为100AH。则通过公式(1)可以得到C(t)=128.1AH，图2中C(total)为400AH，C(实际)为100AH。计算得：Calculation example 3: At a certain moment, the working voltage Vt of the battery is measured to be 2.005V, the discharge current It is 39.9A, the ambient temperature Tt is 32.3℃, and the discharged capacity is 100AH. Then, according to formula (1), C(t)=128.1AH can be obtained. In Figure 2, C(total) is 400AH, and C(actual) is 100AH. Calculation results:
蓄电池剩余容量C(left)=400-128.1=271.9AHBattery remaining capacity C(left)=400-128.1=271.9AH
实际容量C=271.9+100=371.9AHActual capacity C = 271.9 + 100 = 371.9AH
(3)如预先存储的放电变量表为图3格式，则在Vt低于从表格左侧起蓄电池容量一栏变化时所对应的电压值后，按照控制器上报的放电量计算C(t),即C(t)=C(实际)。(3) If the pre-stored discharge variable table is in the format of FIG3 , then after Vt is lower than the voltage value corresponding to the change in the battery capacity column from the left side of the table, C(t) is calculated according to the discharge amount reported by the controller, that is, C(t) = C(actual).
三、蓄电池剩余寿命计算方法3. Calculation method of remaining battery life
当蓄电池放出电量不少于蓄电池额定容量的30%时，在蓄电池放电结束后，依据最后一次采集到放电状态时的工作参数，计算蓄电池剩余寿命。When the battery discharges no less than 30% of the rated capacity of the battery, after the battery discharge is completed, the remaining battery life is calculated based on the working parameters collected last time when the discharge state is reached.
Y(t)= 公式(4)Y(t)= Formula (4)
或or
Y(t)=10-Y(i) 公式(5)Y(t)=10-Y(i) Formula (5)
Y(t):计算得到的蓄电池剩余寿命，取公式(4)计算结果和公式(5)计算结果较小的值。Y(i):蓄电池已知工作时间；Y(t): The calculated remaining life of the battery, which is the smaller value between the result of formula (4) and the result of formula (5). Y(i): The known working time of the battery;
k：老化系数，k= 公式(6)k: aging coefficient, k= Formula (6)
其中y=已知工作年限-1。Where y = known years of work experience - 1.
计算示例4：在某一时刻测得已经工作5年的蓄电池在停止放电时工作电压Vt为1.989V，放电电流It为39.9A，环境温度Tt为32.3℃，已放电电量为160AH。则通过公式(1)可以得到C(t)=192.8AH，图2中C(total)为400AH，C(实际)为160AH，得蓄电池实际容量C=400-192.8+160=367.2AH。Calculation example 4: At a certain moment, it is measured that the working voltage Vt of a battery that has been in operation for 5 years is 1.989V when it stops discharging, the discharge current It is 39.9A, the ambient temperature Tt is 32.3℃, and the discharged capacity is 160AH. Then, according to formula (1), C(t)=192.8AH can be obtained. In Figure 2, C(total) is 400AH, and C(actual) is 160AH, so the actual capacity of the battery is C=400-192.8+160=367.2AH.
按照公式(4)得Y(t)==8.45年According to formula (4), we get Y(t)= =8.45 years
按照公式(5)的Y(t)=10-5=5年，最终Y(t)的值为5年。According to formula (5), Y(t)=10-5=5 years, and the final value of Y(t) is 5 years.
四、放电变量表4. Discharge variable table
1、放电变量表更新标准1. Discharge variable table update standard
(1)、当蓄电池没有放电记录时，放电变量表为系统默认的放电变量表。(1) When there is no discharge record for the battery, the discharge variable table is the system default discharge variable table.
(2)、当蓄电池放电容量超过蓄电池容量的95%时，在放电结束后更新放电变量表中对应数据。(2) When the battery discharge capacity exceeds 95% of the battery capacity, the corresponding data in the discharge variable table is updated after the discharge is completed.
(3)、放电变量表更新方法(3) Discharge variable table update method
当蓄电池放电容量不小于95%时(完全放电)，以实测数据更新放电变量表中对应放电百分比位置相应的电压、电流、温度数据，按照计算更新放电容量数据，其中100%放电的数据以最后采集到的数据为准(5%间隔放电电量数值在电池容量≥100AH精确至个位，50AH≤电池容量<100AH时精确至小数点后1位，电池容量<50AH时精确至小数点后2位，其余四舍五入)。更新示例：某一额定容量400AH的蓄电池第一次放电放出369AH电量后因电压达到1.8V放电截至电压而停止放电，停止放电前最后一次采集到的工作电压Vt为1.801V。When the battery discharge capacity is not less than 95% (complete discharge), the voltage, current, and temperature data corresponding to the discharge percentage position in the discharge variable table are updated with the measured data, and the discharge capacity data are updated according to the calculation, where the 100% discharge data is based on the last collected data (the 5% interval discharge power value is accurate to the unit digit when the battery capacity is ≥100AH, accurate to 1 decimal place when the battery capacity is 50AH≤<100AH, and accurate to 2 decimal places when the battery capacity is <50AH, and the rest are rounded). Update example: A battery with a rated capacity of 400AH discharges 369AH for the first time and stops discharging because the voltage reaches the discharge cut-off voltage of 1.8V. The last collected working voltage Vt before stopping discharge is 1.801V.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
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| CN118759300A (en)* | 2024-09-05 | 2024-10-11 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | A supercapacitor state identification method, system and integrated device |
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| CN107703452A (en)* | 2016-12-01 | 2018-02-16 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Lead-acid battery application life forecasting system |
| CN110133534A (en)* | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-16 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Evaluation Method of Battery Aging Trend |
| CN115980608A (en)* | 2022-06-22 | 2023-04-18 | 国网陕西省电力有限公司渭南供电公司 | Battery pack nuclear capacity discharge centralized control system |
| CN116736133A (en)* | 2023-06-13 | 2023-09-12 | 吉林大学 | Early prediction method for capacity degradation track of lithium ion battery in full life cycle |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107703452A (en)* | 2016-12-01 | 2018-02-16 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Lead-acid battery application life forecasting system |
| CN110133534A (en)* | 2019-06-11 | 2019-08-16 | 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 | Evaluation Method of Battery Aging Trend |
| CN115980608A (en)* | 2022-06-22 | 2023-04-18 | 国网陕西省电力有限公司渭南供电公司 | Battery pack nuclear capacity discharge centralized control system |
| CN116736133A (en)* | 2023-06-13 | 2023-09-12 | 吉林大学 | Early prediction method for capacity degradation track of lithium ion battery in full life cycle |
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN118759300A (en)* | 2024-09-05 | 2024-10-11 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | A supercapacitor state identification method, system and integrated device |
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