Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an ultrafiltration volume control method, which comprises the following steps:
The controller controls the flow rate of the dialysate flowing into the dialyzer from the liquid inlet module;
Measuring the weight of the fresh dialysis fluid replenished at the current stage in real time through a weight sensor, wherein the weight is taken as a reference value, and the reference value of each dialysis stage is recalibrated according to the actual replenishing amount;
The difference value between the real-time value of the weight sensor and the reference value is the actual ultrafiltration quantity; comparing the actual ultrafiltration volume with a theoretical ultrafiltration volume to obtain an ultrafiltration error, wherein the theoretical ultrafiltration volume=ultrafiltration target ≡total time × running time;
the controller takes the ultrafiltration error as feedback of the ultrafiltration model to readjust the flow rate of the dialysate flowing out of the dialyzer;
the liquid inlet module is connected with the liquid outlet module to enable the dialysate to be recycled;
the method outputs the dialysate pump speed under the constraint condition; the constraint conditions comprise a first constraint condition and a second constraint condition; the first constraint condition is that the difference value between the output dialysate pump speed and the input dialysate pump speed cannot be larger than a set threshold value; the second constraint condition is that the error between the pump speed of the dialysate and the actual pump speed cannot be larger than an error threshold.
An ultrafiltration protection system comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor monitors the operating state of an ultrafiltration volume control method when executing the program.
A hemodialysis machine applying an ultrafiltration volume control method is connected with an extracorporeal blood circuit; the hemodialysis machine includes:
a liquid inlet module for providing dialysate to the hemodialysis machine;
The first end of the dialyzer is connected with the liquid inlet module and receives the dialysate; a third end of the dialyzer is connected to the extracorporeal blood circuit and receives blood, which is in substance exchange with the dialysate through the dialyzer; the dialyzer delivering the substance exchanged blood to the extracorporeal blood circuit via a fourth port;
the liquid outlet module is connected with the second end of the dialyzer and receives the dialyzate subjected to substance exchange; and the liquid outlet module is also connected with the liquid inlet module to transmit the dialysate subjected to the substance exchange to the liquid inlet module so as to recycle the dialysate.
The liquid inlet module comprises a circulating buffer cavity, a liquid inlet pump, a first pressure detection unit and a first flow monitoring unit; the circulating buffer cavity is connected with the liquid outlet module, and the circulating buffer cavity stores the dialysate subjected to the substance exchange temporarily; the liquid inlet pump is connected with the dialyzer and inputs the dialysate into the dialyzer; the first pressure detection unit detects that the pressure output of the dialysate is a first pressure value; the first flow monitoring unit monitors the flow of the dialysate to the dialyzer; the liquid inlet module further comprises a liquid supplementing pump and a dialysate detection unit; the dialysate detection unit detects a parameter of the dialysate; and the liquid supplementing pump supplements the dialysate to the liquid inlet module according to the change of parameters before and after the circulation of the dialysate.
The liquid outlet module comprises a liquid outlet pump, a second pressure detection unit, a second flow monitoring unit, a blood leakage detection device and a waste liquid pump; the liquid outlet pump inputs the dialyzate subjected to the substance exchange into the circulating buffer cavity or the waste liquid pump; the second pressure detection unit detects that the pressure output of the dialysate after the substance exchange is a second pressure value; the waste liquid pump receives a plurality of circulated dialyzates, and the plurality of circulated dialyzates are discharged through the waste liquid pump.
Wherein the dialyzer comprises a dialysis membrane through which ions in the dialysate flow to the blood; impurities in the blood flow through the dialysis membrane to the dialysate; the difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value is less than the maximum withstand pressure value of the dialysis membrane.
Wherein the extracorporeal blood circuit comprises a blood pump, a bubble detection unit, a third pressure detection unit, and a fourth pressure detection unit; the blood pump is connected with the dialyzer through the third pressure detection unit and inputs the blood into the dialyzer; the air bubble detection unit is connected with the dialyzer through a fourth pressure detection unit and detects whether air bubbles exist in the blood after the substance exchange; the third pressure detecting unit detects the blood pressure value, and the fourth pressure detecting unit detects the blood pressure value after the substance exchange.
Wherein, the hemodialysis machine also comprises a liquid level kettle unit; the liquid level kettle unit comprises a first liquid level kettle, a second liquid level kettle, a third liquid level kettle and a fourth liquid level kettle; each liquid level kettle is connected with a liquid level adjusting circuit; the liquid level adjusting circuit can adjust the liquid level in the liquid level kettle; the first liquid level kettle is connected with the liquid inlet pump and the first end of the dialyzer, the second liquid level kettle is connected with the second end of the dialyzer and the liquid outlet pump, the third liquid level kettle is connected with the blood pump and the third end of the dialyzer, and the fourth liquid level kettle is connected with the bubble detection unit and the fourth end of the dialyzer; the liquid level kettle can remove bubbles in the liquid contained in the kettle.
The hemodialysis machine comprises a plurality of power-down detection circuits, and the power-down detection circuits judge whether power down occurs or not according to the high and low levels of a receiving end.
Wherein, the hemodialysis machine also comprises a three-way kettle; the tee kettle comprises:
The first through hole is connected with the liquid inlet module;
The second through hole is connected with the first end of the dialyzer; the dialysate is output by the liquid inlet module and flows to the dialyzer through the three-way kettle;
The first through holes and the second through holes are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the third through holes; the included angle formed by the first through hole, the third through hole and the center of the three-way kettle body can be 60 degrees, 90 degrees or 120 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ultrafiltration volume control method comprises the following steps: the controller controls the flow rate of the dialysate flowing into the dialyzer from the liquid inlet module; measuring the weight of the fresh dialysis fluid which is replenished at the current stage in real time through a weight sensor, and taking the weight as a reference value; the difference value between the real-time value of the weight sensor and the reference value is the actual ultrafiltration quantity; comparing the actual ultrafiltration volume with the theoretical ultrafiltration volume to obtain an ultrafiltration error, wherein the theoretical ultrafiltration volume=ultrafiltration target/(total time/(running time); the liquid inlet module is connected with the liquid outlet module to enable the dialysate to be recycled. The invention controls the flow rate of the dialysate by the errors of the theoretical ultrafiltration volume and the actual ultrafiltration volume, improves the ultrafiltration precision, can recycle the dialysate and reduces the loss.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a first embodiment of an ultrafiltration volume control method according to the present application.
S1: the controller controls the flow rate of the dialysate flowing into the dialyzer from the liquid inlet module; the medical staff can change the flow rate of the dialysis fluid according to different patient demands through the controller.
S2: the weight of the fresh dialyzate replenished in the current stage is measured in real time through a weight sensor, and the weight sensor is used as a reference value, and the reference value of each dialyzate stage is recalibrated according to the actual replenishing amount; the weight sensor can select a high-precision electronic scale so as to reduce weighing errors.
S3: the difference value between the real-time value of the weight sensor and the reference value is the actual ultrafiltration quantity.
S4: the actual ultrafiltration volume is compared with the theoretical ultrafiltration volume to obtain an ultrafiltration error, wherein the theoretical ultrafiltration volume=ultrafiltration target/(total time×running time), for example, the ultrafiltration target is 100ML, the total time is 1h, and the running time is 0.5h, and the theoretical ultrafiltration volume at the moment is 50ML.
S5: the controller takes the ultrafiltration error as feedback of the ultrafiltration model, and then adjusts the flow rate of the dialysate flowing out of the dialyzer; if normal, continuing ultrafiltration.
The liquid inlet module is connected with the liquid outlet module to enable the dialysate to be recycled; the consumption of the dialyzate is reduced, and the loss is reduced.
In summary, the ultrafiltration volume control method of the present application comprises the steps of: the controller controls the flow rate of the dialysate flowing into the dialyzer from the liquid inlet module; measuring the weight of the fresh dialysis fluid which is replenished at the current stage in real time through a weight sensor, and taking the weight as a reference value; the difference value between the real-time value of the weight sensor and the reference value is the actual ultrafiltration quantity; comparing the actual ultrafiltration volume with the theoretical ultrafiltration volume to obtain an ultrafiltration error, wherein the theoretical ultrafiltration volume=ultrafiltration target/(total time/(running time); the liquid inlet module is connected with the liquid outlet module to enable the dialysate to be recycled. The application controls the flow rate of the dialysate by the errors of the theoretical ultrafiltration volume and the actual ultrafiltration volume, improves the ultrafiltration precision, can recycle the dialysate and reduces the loss.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the ultrafiltration volume control method according to the present application.
The hemodialysis machine obtains the actual ultrafiltration volume according to the change of the weight measured by the weight sensors before and after circulation; the hemodialysis machine compares the actual ultrafiltration volume with the theoretical ultrafiltration volume to change the pressure and flow rate of the dialysate; the actual ultrafiltration volume is determined by the change of the weight of the dialysate before and after circulation, namely the change of the weight of the dialysate is the actual ultrafiltration volume; the theoretical ultrafiltration volume is (ultrafiltration target +.total run time × run time), ultrafiltration also has two layers of constraints:
1. the difference between the pump speed of the inlet pump and the pump speed of the outlet pump cannot be greater than an offset defining threshold value, which is adaptively adjustable for patients of different conditions;
2. the calculated pump speed cannot differ too much from the current actual pump speed.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the ultrafiltration abnormality prevention system of the present application, as shown in FIG. 3; ultrafiltration is performed by the pressure difference between the dialysate and the blood, and common modes of ultrafiltration control are constant pressure ultrafiltration, constant volume ultrafiltration and programmed ultrafiltration; for example ultrafiltration control is programmed ultrafiltration; the machine is provided with an ultrafiltration abnormal protection system, the main control MCU is used for actually controlling the pump speed and the time, and the auxiliary control MCU is used for reading the weighing value in real time. The two MCUs share data and monitor whether ultrafiltration is normal in real time, the monitoring MCU is used as a final guarantee, and when the main control MCU does not process ultrafiltration faults, the monitoring MCU makes treatments such as emergency cutting off of a pump power supply, and the like, and the flow is as follows:
S11: starting;
S12: the master control sends a slave control prescription and the running state are synchronous;
S13: the master control reads the ultrafiltration monitoring state of the slave control;
s14: the master control transmits the ultrafiltration control state of the slave control master control;
S15: judging whether the main control and the auxiliary control are abnormal in ultrafiltration; executing S16 if the abnormality occurs, and ending otherwise;
s16: main control ultrafiltration exception handling and informing auxiliary control;
S17: the secondary control detects whether the main control processed notification is received within the ultrafiltration abnormality 2 s; ending the receiving process, and executing S18 otherwise;
S18: the auxiliary control notifies monitoring ultrafiltration exception handling;
s19: monitoring ultrafiltration exception handling;
S20: and (5) ending.
The ultrafiltration is completed in a form of weighing closed-loop control of the motor rotating speed, and uniform ultra-high-precision ultrafiltration control is realized according to the ultrafiltration target quantity and the ultrafiltration time. Whether ultrafiltration is abnormal or not is detected through the shared data of the main control MCU and the auxiliary control MCU, and the safety and reliability of the ultrafiltration protection system are greatly improved.
A hemodialysis machine applying an ultrafiltration volume control method is connected with an extracorporeal blood circuit; hemodialysis is one of blood purification technologies, and a hemodialysis machine achieves the purpose of purifying blood and correcting water electrolyte and acid-base balance by utilizing a semipermeable membrane principle and removing various harmful and redundant metabolic wastes and excessive electrolytes in blood out of the body through diffusion.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of a hemodialysis machine of the present application.
The hemodialysis machine comprises a liquid inlet module, a dialyzer and a liquid outlet module; the liquid inlet module supplies dialysate to the hemodialysis machine, wherein the dialysate can be obtained from a dialysate bag (not shown); the dialysate in the dialysate bag is prepared from concentrated solution and dialysis water according to a certain proportion; for example, the dialysate consists of solution a: and (2) liquid B: dialysis water was used at 1:1: 34; the prepared dialysate is stored by a dialysate bag, so that the hemodialysis machine does not need to be temporarily provided with the dialysate when in work, and the home dialysis is convenient to carry out; in order to prevent the loss caused by the too long storage time of the dialysate, the dialysate bag adopts the diaphragm to separate and contain the A solution and the B solution in the same dialysate bag, and a user can obtain the dialysate meeting the preparation requirement only by tearing the diaphragm when using the dialysate bag.
The first end of the dialyzer is connected with the liquid inlet module and receives dialysate; the third end of the dialyzer is connected with the extracorporeal blood circuit and receives blood; the blood and the dialyzate exchange substances through a dialyzer; the dialyzer delivers the substance exchanged blood to the extracorporeal blood circuit through the fourth port; the third end of the dialyzer is connected with an arterial blood vessel of the extracorporeal blood circuit, the fourth end of the dialyzer is connected with a venous blood vessel of the extracorporeal blood circuit, and the extracorporeal blood circuit forms an arteriovenous fistula; i.e. the blood flows out from the artery, flows back to the human body from the venous vessel after the substance exchange with the dialysate is completed in the dialyzer; also included in the extracorporeal blood circuit is a heparin pump (not shown) that injects heparin into the extracorporeal blood circuit to prevent blood clotting; heparin pumps and arteriovenous fistulae are common knowledge in the art and are not described in detail herein.
The liquid outlet module is connected with the second end of the dialyzer and receives the dialyzate subjected to substance exchange, and is also connected with the liquid inlet module to transmit the dialyzate subjected to substance exchange to the liquid inlet module so as to recycle the dialyzate; namely, the hemodialysis machine does not directly discharge the dialyzate subjected to material exchange, but flows back to the liquid inlet module, so that the utilization efficiency of the dialyzate is improved, and the loss is reduced.
In summary, the hemodialysis machine of the present invention is connected to an extracorporeal blood circuit; the hemodialysis machine includes: a liquid inlet module, a dialyzer and a liquid outlet module; the liquid inlet module provides dialysate for the hemodialysis machine; the first end of the dialyzer is connected with the liquid inlet module and receives dialysate; the third end of the dialyzer is connected with the extracorporeal blood circuit and receives blood, and the blood and the dialysate exchange substances through the dialyzer; the dialyzer delivers the substance exchanged blood to the extracorporeal blood circuit through the fourth port; the liquid outlet module is connected with the second end of the dialyzer and receives the dialyzate after the substance exchange; the liquid outlet module is also connected with the liquid inlet module to transmit the dialyzate subjected to substance exchange to the liquid inlet module so as to recycle the dialyzate; after the dialysate is circulated, the dialysate is discharged from the liquid outlet module. Through discharging after recycling many times the dislysate, improved the utilization efficiency of dislysate, reduce the loss and utilize the dislysate bag to store the dislysate and need not the temporary preparation, be convenient for home user's use.
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the liquid inlet module in fig. 4.
The liquid inlet module comprises a circulating buffer cavity, a liquid inlet pump, a first pressure detection unit and a first flow monitoring unit;
the circulating buffer cavity is connected with the liquid outlet module, and receives the dialysate after the substance exchange output by the liquid outlet module, namely the liquid outlet module flows the dialysate after the substance exchange to the circulating buffer cavity, and the dialysate is temporarily stored in the circulating buffer cavity;
The liquid inlet pump is connected with the dialyzer, and inputs the dialysate into the dialyzer, and can control the flow rate of the dialysate flowing to the dialyzer; the first pressure detection unit detects the pressure output of the dialysate input to the dialyzer as a first pressure value;
The first flow monitoring unit monitors the flow of dialysate to the dialyzer; the first flow monitoring unit can adopt a non-contact flow monitoring element to prevent the influence of macromolecular substances on flow monitoring; when the first flow monitoring unit monitors that the flow rate of the dialysate is too high or too low, the user can adjust the liquid inlet pump to change the flow rate of the dialysate.
The liquid inlet module further comprises a liquid supplementing pump and a dialysate detection unit; the dialysate detecting unit detects various parameters of the dialysate; the liquid supplementing pump supplements the dialysate to the liquid inlet module based on the variable quantity of the parameters before and after the dialysate circulation; the dialysate detection unit can detect various parameters of the dialysate such as weight and conductivity; the liquid supplementing pump supplements the dialysate into the circulating buffer cavity based on the change of the weight of the dialysate before and after the circulation; in order to improve the dialysis experience of the user, a bypass valve (not shown) is arranged between the liquid inlet module and the dialyzer, the dialysate with normal parameters can flow to the dialyzer, and the dialysate with abnormal parameters can be discharged out of the dialyzer through the bypass valve; for example, too high a dialysate conductivity can easily cause thirst and heart failure in the patient; too low conductivity can easily cause symptoms such as convulsion, hypotension and the like of patients.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the liquid outlet module in fig. 4, as shown in fig. 6.
The liquid outlet module comprises a liquid outlet pump, a second pressure detection unit, a second flow monitoring unit, a blood leakage detection device and a waste liquid pump; the liquid outlet pump inputs the dialyzate subjected to the substance exchange into the circulating buffer cavity or the waste liquid pump, and can control the flow rate of the dialyzate subjected to the substance exchange to the circulating buffer cavity or the waste liquid pump; the second pressure detecting unit detects the pressure output of the dialysate after the substance exchange as a second pressure value. The blood leakage detection device can detect whether the dialyzate subjected to substance exchange contains blood or not, so as to judge whether the dialyzate is damaged or not; when the dialyzer is damaged, blood enters the dialyzate, and the blood leakage detector gives out a blood leakage alarm, and simultaneously stops the operation of the hemostatic pump to prevent further blood leakage. When giving out blood leakage alarm or abnormal dialysate pressure value, the bypass valve can be opened, so that the dialysate flows out through the bypass, and the safety of patients is ensured.
The waste liquid pump receives the dialysate after a plurality of cycles, and the dialysate after the cycles is discharged out of the dialysis machine through the waste liquid pump; the user can set the circulation times or circulation time to control when the waste liquid pump discharges the dialysate, in order to better coordinate the liquid outlet module to flow the dialysate to the liquid inlet module/waste liquid pump, a normally open pinch valve (not shown) is arranged between the liquid outlet module and the liquid inlet module, and a normally closed pinch valve (not shown) is arranged between the liquid outlet module and the waste liquid pump; for example, a user starts dialysis in the current time period, and controls the total dialysis duration to be 1 hour, the normally-open pinch valve is opened when the total dialysis duration is less than 1 hour, the normally-closed pinch valve is closed, and the dialysate flows to the dialysate inlet module for recycling; after 1 hour, the normally open pinch valve is closed, the normally closed pinch valve is opened, and the dialysate flows to the waste liquid pump to be discharged out of the hemodialysis machine. The waste liquid pump and the liquid outlet module are multiplexed, so that the space of the hemodialysis machine is saved, and the miniaturization is facilitated.
The dialyzer comprises a dialysis membrane, and ions in the dialysate flow to blood through the dialysis membrane; impurities in the blood flow to the dialysate through the dialysis membrane, namely the blood and the dialysate exchange substances through the dialysis membrane; the various harmful and redundant metabolic wastes and excessive electrolytes in the blood are removed from the body through the dialysis die, so that the purpose of purifying the blood is achieved, and the purposes of correcting water electrolyte and acid-base balance are achieved. The difference between the first pressure value and the second pressure value is smaller than the maximum withstand pressure value of the dialysis membrane, i.e. the pressure difference between the first end of the dialyzer and the second end of the dialyzer is smaller than the maximum withstand pressure value of the dialysis membrane; the damage of the dialysis membrane caused by the overlarge pressure at the two ends is prevented, and blood is mixed into the dialysis liquid in the process of substance exchange to trigger a blood leakage warning.
As shown in fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the first embodiment of the extracorporeal blood circuit of fig. 4.
The extracorporeal blood circuit comprises a blood pump, a bubble detection unit, a third pressure detection unit and a fourth pressure detection unit; the blood pump is connected with the dialyzer through the third pressure detection unit and inputs blood into the dialyzer, namely, the blood pump inputs blood into the dialyzer; the third pressure detection unit detects the pressure value of blood, and the blood flows from an artery to the dialyzer, namely the third pressure detection unit detects the arterial blood pressure; the fourth pressure detection unit detects the blood pressure value after the substance exchange, and the blood after the substance exchange flows back to the human body through the vein, namely the fourth pressure detection unit detects the venous blood pressure; the pressure difference between arterial and venous blood pressure cannot be greater than the maximum withstand pressure of the dialysis membrane, acting as a difference between the first and second pressure values. And will not be described in detail herein. The air bubble detection unit is connected with the dialyzer through a fourth pressure detection unit and detects whether air bubbles exist in blood after substance exchange; if the air bubbles enter the human body through vein blood vessels, air embolism can be formed, and the patient dies.
Alternatively, the first pressure detecting unit, the second pressure detecting unit, the third pressure detecting unit, and the fourth pressure detecting unit may be the same/different pressure measuring circuits; for example, the first pressure detecting unit, the second pressure detecting unit, the third pressure detecting unit and the fourth pressure detecting unit use the same pressure measuring circuit.
As shown in fig. 8, fig. 8 is a circuit schematic of a first embodiment of the load circuit of the present application.
The pressure value in the pipeline is detected through the air pressure sensor, and after the U1 chip is processed, the AD value is output to the MCU for ADC conversion processing, so that the pressure value is obtained. The voltage stabilizing circuit formed by connecting a resistor, a capacitor and a voltage stabilizing tube in parallel is common knowledge in the art, and is not described herein.
The hemodialysis machine also includes a fluid level kettle unit (not shown); the liquid level kettle unit comprises a first liquid level kettle, a second liquid level kettle, a third liquid level kettle and a fourth liquid level kettle; each liquid level kettle is connected with a liquid level adjusting circuit, and the liquid level adjusting circuit can adjust the liquid level in the corresponding liquid level kettle.
As shown in fig. 9, fig. 9 is a circuit schematic of a first embodiment of the liquid level adjusting circuit of the present application.
When the liquid level needs to rise, the MCU controls the P1 electromagnetic valve and the P2 air pump to work, meanwhile, the P3 reversing valve is started, and the first port 1 pumps air to the liquid level kettle to enable the liquid level to rise. When the liquid level needs to be lowered, the P4 reversing valve is started, and the second port 2 inflates the liquid level kettle to enable the liquid level to be lowered.
The first liquid level kettle is connected with the liquid inlet pump and the first end of the dialyzer, the second liquid level kettle is connected with the second end of the dialyzer and the liquid outlet pump, the third liquid level kettle is connected with the blood pump and the third end of the dialyzer, and the fourth liquid level kettle is connected with the bubble detection unit and the fourth end of the dialyzer; the liquid level kettle can remove bubbles in the liquid contained in the kettle; namely, the first liquid level kettle removes bubbles in the dialysate flowing into the dialyzer, the second liquid level kettle removes bubbles in the dialysate flowing out of the dialyzer, the third liquid level kettle removes bubbles in the blood flowing into the dialyzer, and the fourth liquid level kettle removes bubbles in the dialysate flowing out of the dialyzer; the presence of the fluid level kettle increases the safety of the dialysis process and reduces errors in the parameters obtained by the control system.
Fig. 10 is a circuit schematic diagram of a power failure detection circuit according to a first embodiment of the present application;
the hemodialysis machine also comprises a plurality of power-down detection circuits, and the power-down detection circuits judge whether power down occurs or not according to the high and low levels of the receiving end; namely, the receiving end receives high level and does not power down, and the receiving end receives low level and then power down, and an alarm is sent out.
Fig. 11 is a schematic front view of a first embodiment of the three-way kettle according to the present application.
The hemodialysis machine further comprises a three-way kettle, wherein the three-way kettle comprises a kettle body, a first through hole and a second through hole.
The first through hole is connected with the liquid inlet module; the second through hole is connected with the first end of the dialyzer, and the dialysate is output by the liquid inlet module and flows to the dialyzer through the tee kettle; the three-way kettle can be made of PVC materials to increase the elasticity of the three-way kettle; the tee kettle can adopt interference fit's form when the fit clearance with the shell body, makes kettle body installation more fastening, prevents to cause tee kettle position to change because of the vibrations of pipeline in the course of treatment. In other embodiments, the second through hole is connected to the liquid inlet module, and the principle of action is the same as that of the embodiment, and is not described herein.
The tee kettle further comprises a third through hole, and the first through hole and the second through hole are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the first through hole; the included angle formed by the first through hole, the third through hole and the center of the three-way kettle body is equal to the included angle formed by the second through hole, the third through hole and the center of the three-way kettle body; in this embodiment, the included angle is 90 °; in other embodiments, the included angle may be 60 °, 70 °, 80 °,100 °, 110 °, 120 °, etc.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of an interface adapter board according to the present application; the function of each interface is described in detail below:
P1: the device is connected with a master control board PLC PCB communication interface board;
P2, P23: the monitoring board is connected with the PLC PCB communication interface board;
P9, P13, P14: the working states of the blood pump, the water pump 1 and the water pump 2 are controlled by connecting the RS485 signal with the line concentration board PCB;
P22, P5: p5 transmits signals to the micro pump PCB through RS485, and the micro pump supplements the dialyzate through P22;
P6: coupled to the sensor assembly, including but not limited to normally open pinch valves, bubble sensors, and blood sensors;
P8: the liquid level control circuit is connected with the liquid level control board PCB and is used for controlling the height of the liquid level;
p7: coupled to the sensor assembly, including but not limited to, a normally open pinch valve, a normally closed pinch valve, and a blood leakage sensor;
p10: the system is connected with the RIFD interface and is used for the authentication of medical staff or users;
p12: the loudspeaker is connected with the loudspeaker, and when the loudspeaker fails, the loudspeaker emits sound;
P24: a main power switch for supplying power to the hemodialysis machine;
p21, P3: p3 exchanges data with the weighing sensor, the temperature sensor and the liquid leakage sensor through RS 485;
p15: the power supply filter is used for supplying power to the sensors connected with the P3 and the P21;
P11: is connected with an audible and visual alarm display board;
p16: the monitoring-LED display board is connected with the audible and visual alarm display board and can be multiplexed with the audible and visual display board on the PCB;
P4: the working state and various parameters of the hemodialysis machine are displayed by being connected with a display;
The reserved P17, P18, P19, P20 ports perform other functions.
The foregoing description is only of embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the descriptions and the drawings of the present application or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the present application.