CN1181593C - Automatic equalization charging and discharging device based on battery dynamic power difference compensation - Google Patents
Automatic equalization charging and discharging device based on battery dynamic power difference compensationDownload PDFInfo
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- CN1181593C CN1181593CCNB021164231ACN02116423ACN1181593CCN 1181593 CCN1181593 CCN 1181593CCN B021164231 ACNB021164231 ACN B021164231ACN 02116423 ACN02116423 ACN 02116423ACN 1181593 CCN1181593 CCN 1181593C
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Abstract
Translated fromChinese
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the device of using as the dynamic electric weight computational methods of a kind of battery of series battery in the every field such as electric motor car, specifically, be meant a kind of automatic equalization charging and even electric discharge device based on the dynamic electric weight difference compensation of battery.
Back of the body amount technology
Storage battery is widely used in every field, and particularly in recent years in electric motor car, electrokinetic cell such as lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery etc. are regarded as one of critical component.When charging with these battery pack of series system work, how guaranteeing the automatic equalization charging rapidly and efficiently of battery pack in the charging process, is to guarantee lithium ion battery, Ni-MH battery fail safe and reliability and a key technology giving full play to its usefulness.
The apparatus and method that series battery is discharged and recharged are updated in recent years, to scheme quicker, efficient, the energy-conservation and automatic equalization to series battery charge.For example the patent specification of number of patent application 02100307.6 discloses a kind of automatic equalizing charging device for series-connected battery set.In this device, adopt the discharge network that constitutes by metal-oxide-semiconductor and power resistor, the higher cell of terminal voltage discharges in right amount during to charging, the voltage of each cell in the battery pack is raise synchronously, abundance is safe and reliable simultaneously, reaches the automatic equalization of series battery.But adopt the power resistor discharge, caloric value is big, and the charger capacity usage ratio is not too high.
Charged battery pack (storage battery) purpose is to do power for equipment, as does the power source of electric motor car.Traditional charging method is some therein batteries when reaching smallest end voltage, and whole batteries stops discharge, at this moment also has dump energy not discharge in other the battery, greatly influences the service efficiency of battery pack.
In known traditional battery power discharge method, be that the global voltage of series battery is monitored, do not monitor the terminal voltage of each cell.This method is simple, but since in the use electric weight of each cell inhomogeneous, recycle for a long time, difference can be bigger, so the overdischarge of the less cell of electric weight is shortened the life-span greatly, influences the use of whole battery group.This charging method is often set a final discharging voltage, when the voltage that monitors series battery is lower than this set point, stops discharge.Final voltage can not reflect the voltage of cell in the battery pack, so when stopping discharge, ' overdischarge ' appears in some battery, some battery may also have dump energy not use, and the battery utilization rate is low.
Traditional charging method all is to be to weigh foundation with the cell voltage, when cell voltage reaches certain value, just stop discharge, under different environments for use, as ambient temperature when higher, may also have dump energy not discharge in the battery, and when temperature is low, battery ' overdischarge ' phenomenon will occur.Battery is caused damage.A up-to-date key name is the patent of " output balancer for rechargeable accumulator unit ", and the patent No. is 00240952.6.When battery power discharge, when being lower than voltage protection point as monomer battery voltage, the work of this balancer makes cell voltage continually and steadily on voltage protection point, and all the other batteries discharge as usual and all reach the protection point voltage until all cell voltages.This balancer thinks that the voltage of each cell reaches consistent, and it is coarse that battery pack just reaches poised state, in fact the electric weight of battery also to be subjected to battery temperature, discharge and recharge number of times, the influence of the factors such as chemical characteristic of battery itself.
Under different temperature, charge and discharge cycles number of times, the electric weight that can store and emit when battery pack is full of electricity is different, and the terminal voltage when being full of electricity also is different, and less as the electric weight that battery pack under the low temperature can store, the terminal voltage when being full of electricity is higher.Maximally utilise battery, just need charge and discharge device under different environment, battery electric quantity to be full of, and the electric weight that stores in the battery all can be discharged supply load.In addition, each cell of battery pack is owing to reasons such as manufacturing process, during serial connection charge, there is certain difference in its electric weight, and this species diversity can in use increase gradually, influences the operate as normal of whole battery group, and this just requires charge and discharge device can eliminate this species diversity.Make battery pack in charge and discharge process, remain equilibrium state.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of compared with prior art more science, utilize the device of battery pack power more fully, be that electric weight with each cell serves as to weigh foundation, in charging process, electric weight differs greatly between the monomer in finding battery pack, just the higher cell of charge value is discharged in right amount, the back electric quantity of emitting is fed to and discharges and recharges bus, is the battery pack auxiliary charging, realizes the automatic equalization of charging process; Equally in connecting the load discharge use, the many cell of electric weight is by discharging and recharging bus and use for load for discharge or being the whole battery group auxiliary charging, realize the automatic equalization of discharge process, finally reach real efficient, the safe automatic equalization of battery pack and discharge and recharge.
The present invention is the device that a kind of novel series battery automatic equalization based on the dynamic electric weight difference compensation of battery discharges and recharges, this device to the battery electric quantity Calculation Method is, calculate the size of the dynamic electric weight in the cell charge and discharge process with charging and discharging currents and time, when the dynamic electric weight between the cell differs greatly, just carry out the electric weight equilibrium, and control the dynamic charge value of cell all the time and when charging, be not more than maximum charge value, when discharge, be not less than zero.
Before using battery, obtain the initial electric weight SOC of battery under different serviceability temperatures, charge and discharge cycles number of times, terminal voltage by a large amount of experimentsOWith maximum electric weight SOCM, can obtain an initial electric weight SOCOWith maximum electric weight SOCMTables of data, and with its data table stores in nonvolatile memory 16.It should be noted that the data in this tables of data are different because of the difference of battery.
After discharging and recharging beginning, tables of data, charge and discharge process control program and the electric weight computational methods of storage are called in electricweight computing unit 15 in the nonvolatile memory 16.At first by the maximum electric weight SOC under the current environment for use of electricweight computing unit 15 calculatingMWith discharge and recharge before the initial charge value SOC of batteryO, computational methods can adopt look-up table.
And then according to the dynamic electric weight SOC of charging or discharging current I and each cell of Time Calculation, computing formula is as follows,
SOC=SOC0+ K1∫ IFillDt-K2∫ (IPut+ Δ I) in the dt formula, SOC0It is the initial charge value of this cell; IFillBe the size of charging current, K1For less than 1 charging coefficient, K2For greater than 1 discharge coefficient, K1, K2Relevant with factors such as the kind of battery, working temperature, battery terminal voltage, charging and discharging currents, can determine according to test; IPutIt is the size of discharging current; ∫ IFillDt is a charging current to the integration of time, ∫ IPutDt is the integration of discharging current to the time; Δ I is the electric current of emitting by corresponding D C/DC module, and ∫ Δ Idt is the integration of this electric current to the time.
Automatic equalization charge and discharge device based on the dynamic electric weight difference compensation of battery of the present invention comprises the collection in real time of series battery to be charged 1, battery voltage signal andbuffer circuit 2,master control borad 3, contravariantcharge power supply 4, battery electricquantity display circuit 6,temperature sensor 7,current sensor 17, isolateddrive circuit 8, discharges andrecharges bus 12, stops discharge prevention pipe 13.Be provided withnonvolatile memory 16 and electricweight computing unit 15 in the describedmaster control borad 3, contain atnonvolatile memory 16 internal memories and comprise initial electric weight SOCOWith maximum electric weight SOCMTables of data, according to the computing formula of the dynamic electric weight SOC of charging or discharging current I and each cell of Time Calculation and the computational methods and the charge and discharge process control program of the dynamic electric weight of cell.Constitute discharge network in parallel by a plurality of DC/DC converter modules 11, a master power switch pipe VT and a control end are all arranged in each DC/DC converter module 11, the input of each DC/DC converter module 11 is in parallel with the corresponding cell in theseries battery 1, and the output of each DC/DC converter module 11 is connected and discharges and recharges on thebus 12, and thecontrol end 11 of each DC/DC converter module 11 is connected with the output of isolated drive circuit 8.Electric weight computational methods and some parameters are to be stored in thenonvolatile memory 16, the electric weight computing unit comes the maximum electric weight of counting cell, the initial electric weight before the charging according to temperature, charge and discharge cycles number of times, the terminal voltage of battery, and, calculate dynamic charge value in the charge and discharge process according to charging and discharging currents and time.
In the present invention,series battery 1 to be charged can be the Li-Ion rechargeable battery group, also can be Ni-MH battery group etc.The capacity of each cell can be hundreds of MAH or hundreds of ampere-hour, and cell number quantity is not limit in theseries battery 1.
Battery voltage signal is gathered the terminal voltage of gathering each cell by lead withbuffer circuit 2 in real time, and through processing and amplifying, photoelectricity is delivered tomaster control borad 3 after isolating.
Charge power supply is a kind of contravariantcharge power supply 4, main power device has adopted IGBT (insulated door gridistor) module, main circuit is made up of the IGBT inverter circuit, by to output current, Voltage Feedback, can realize output external characteristic control, thereby realize control charging current and charging voltage to charge power supply.The output current of charge power supply, voltage are looked the state decision of battery pack.
Discharge loop in parallel is made of DC/DC converter module 11.This converter is made of inverter circuit and pulse-width modulation circuit (PWM), input voltage range with broad, the size of its output current is subjected to the master control borad isolated controlling,master control borad 3 is according to the electric weight of this cell, the output of control DC/DC converter module 11, and its output-parallel on whole battery group, this batteries discharge energy is realized auxiliary charging can realizing energy recuperation to the integral battery door group after via the DC/DC conversion.The size and the time of the feedback electric current of DC/DC module are controlled by master control borad.The output signal of master board is delivered to pulse-width modulation circuit byisolated drive circuit 8, and pulse-width modulation circuit is regulated the size of feedback electric current according to the duty ratio of the size adjustment master power switch VT of signal.
The inverter circuit of DC/DC converter can adopt single-ended reverse exciting inverter circuit or single-end ortho-exciting inverter circuit.With the single-ended reverse exciting inverter circuit is example, forms (as shown in Figure 2) by master power switch pipe VT, intermediate frequency transformer T, rectifier diode VD, filter capacitor C etc.Compare with other inverter circuits such as semibridge system or full-bridge type, sort circuit has characteristics such as volume is little, components and parts are few.
Pulse-width modulation circuit (PWM) is under the constant situation of operating frequency, the ON time by changing device for power switching or change duty ratio deadline, thus regulate the size of DC/DC converter module 11 feedback electric currents.
Battery electricquantity display circuit 6 shows the electric weight of each cell, can be with charactron or liquid crystal display displays.
Concrete charging procedure is as follows:
After charging process begins, according totemperature sensor 7 temperature signal that transmits and thisseries battery 1 charge and discharge cycles number of times that is stored in thenonvolatile memory 16, calculate the maximum electric weight SOC that each cell uses in theseries batteries 1 under current environment by electricweight computing unit 15M, by the terminal voltage signal of battery voltage signal collection andbuffer circuit 2 each cells of collection, calculate the initial charge value SOC of each cell before discharging and recharging thenO, in charging process, battery voltage signal collection andbuffer circuit 2 are gathered the charging and discharging currents signal, and export the dynamic electric weight SOC value of calculating each cell in themaster control borad 3, dynamic electric weight SOC and maximum electric weight SOC toMSize.When dynamic electric weight SOC less than maximum electric weight SOCMSituation under, just can carry out charging operations, the dynamic electric weight SOC of all cells equals maximum electric weight SOCMThe time, stop charging operations.
In the whole process of charging, the electric weight difference between the discovery cell is just carried out electric weight equalization process greater than set point.Electric weight equalization process is as described below, the carrying out trace discharge of the cell that 11 pairs of electric weight ofmaster control borad 3 control corresponding D C/DC converter modules are higher, the electric current of being emitted is fed back toseries battery 1 through discharging and rechargingbus 12, forseries battery 1 is realized auxiliary charging.The electric weight that guarantees the cell in theseries battery 1 rises synchronously, finally is charged to maximum electric weight SOC simultaneouslyMThereby, realizeseries battery 1 equalizing charge.
In the charging process of the present invention, each cell electric weight ofseries battery 1 rises synchronously, has realized the equalization of battery pack, and charging process remains higher charging current, the charging rate height simultaneously.Charging process has realized intellectuality and automation.
Evenly discharge process is as described below,
When connectingload 14,series battery 1 exports electric current to load 14 by discharging and rechargingbus 12, the size of each cell electric weight that calculates according to electricweight computing unit 15, when the dynamic electric weight in finding battery between cell differs greatly, just control corresponding D C/DC converter module 11 and make the higher cell discharge of electric weight, discharging current is fed back toseries battery 1 orsupply load 14 uses by discharging and rechargingbus 12, the more cell of electric weight is discharged more, reach the automatic homogenizing in the battery power discharge process.When the electric weight that detects electricity seriesconnection pond group 1 all cells is zero, or when the cell terminal voltage occurring and being lower than protection voltage,master control borad 3 controls stopdischarge prevention pipes 13 and disconnect, and stop discharge.
This characteristic feature of an invention: the maximum electric weight of counting cells such as the temperature that (1) is obtained according to the formula in the nonvolatile memory and chart and Acquisition Circuit by the electric weight computing unit, charge and discharge cycles number of times, battery terminal voltage, the initial electric weight before discharging and recharging, again according to the charging and discharging currents of battery and the dynamic electric weight of Time Calculation battery.(2) adopt the DC/DC converter module that the higher cell of dynamic charge value is discharged in right amount in the charging process, the electric weight of each cell in the battery pack is raise synchronously, the while is sufficient, reaches the automatic equalization of series battery.(3) in the charging process, when the cell that is higher than average electricity was discharged, charging process was proceeded.When (4) cell being discharged, utilize the DC/DC converter, discharge energy is recycled charging to other batteries, energy utilization rate height.(5) connect also adopt in the process of load discharge same DC/DC converter module to the more cell of electric weight by discharging and recharging bus discharge and use or being that whole battery group is charged for load, the battery less to electric weight compensates.Realize the equilibrium of battery electric quantity in the dynamic process.This both can prevent individual cell " overdischarge ", can make full use of the energy of battery pack again.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the circuit block diagram that has the automatic equalizing charging device for series-connected battery set of the discharge network that is made of metal-oxide-semiconductor and power resistor in the prior art;
Fig. 2 is the physical circuit figure of DC/DC converter module 11 among Fig. 3.Form by single-ended reverse exciting inverter circuit and pulse-width modulation circuit.T is an intermediate frequency transformer among the figure, and C is a filter capacitor, and VD is a diode, and VT is a device for power switching.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention is a kind of based on the series battery automatic equalization charging/discharging thereof of the dynamic electric weight difference compensation of battery and the circuit block diagram of device;
Fig. 4 is certain lithium ion battery equalizing charge process flow diagram.
Fig. 5 is the even discharge process flow chart of certain lithium ion battery.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1 of expression prior art automatic equalizing charging device for series-connected battery set circuit block diagram, directlyseries battery 1 is charged by contravariantcharge power supply 4, battery voltage signal is gathered the terminal voltage signal that receives each cell withbuffer circuit 2 in real time, and these signals are passed tomaster control borad 3,master control borad 3 also receives the temperature signal of theseries battery 1 thattemperature sensor 7 transmits, the output current and the output voltage of control contravariantcharge power supply 4, and organize the higher cell of discharge network 5 opposite end magnitudes of voltage that constitutes byisolated drive circuit 8 controls by metal-oxide-semiconductor and power electricity and discharge in right amount, also patrol and examine the terminal voltage that shows each cells withdisplay circuit 6 simultaneously by cell voltage.
1, electric vehicle lithium ion power series battery to be charged has 84 cell modules compositions, and every cell module capacity is 3.6V/100Ah.Each monomer two ends of battery pack are connected to voltageisolation amplifying circuit 2 and DC/DC converter module 11 by lead, andseries battery 1 is connected and discharges and recharges on thebus 12.
After the start, tables of data, charge and discharge process control program and the electric weight computational methods of storage are called in electricweight computing unit 15 in the nonvolatile memory 16.Obtaining Current Temperatures astemperature sensor 7 is 25 degrees centigrade, and this battery charging and discharging pond number of times is 85 times, and the terminal voltage of certain cell is 3.3V, and at first being tabled look-up by electricweight computing unit 15 obtains this battery maximum electric weight SOC under the work at present stateM=96 ampere-hours, the initial charge value SOC before discharging and rechargingO=10 ampere-hours.
After discharging and recharging beginning, the charging or discharging current I signal that transmits according to charging and discharging currents transducer 17 and the dynamic electric weight SOC of Time Calculation battery.
Charging process is: during beginning, the dynamic electric weight SOC of battery just equals initialelectric weight 10 ampere-hours, and less than the maximum electric weight (96 ampere-hour) of this cell, the incipient stage can be adopted bigger charging current, can be 30 ampere-hours.Bymaster control borad 3 voltage, electric current and the temperature of each batteries are monitored in the charging process, and calculate the dynamic electric weight SOC value of each battery by electricweight computing unit 15 according to above-mentioned formula.For example, charge after 1 hour, calculate a maximum cell of dynamic electric weight SOC value and equal 38 ampere-hours, and dynamically the electric weight of a cell of electric weight minimum is 34 ampere-hours, difference in the battery pack between the cell electric weight is during greater than set point (as being made as 3 ampere-hours), just drive the higher cell ofcorresponding D 11 pairs of electric weight of C/DC converter module byisolated drive circuit 8 and carry out the trace discharge bymaster control borad 3, make it approach average electricity, the size of charging current is according to the dynamically size control in real time of electric weight SOC value, be not higher than in the terminal voltage that guarantees each cell under the prerequisite of high monomer cell safety terminal voltage (for example 4.2V), adopt bigger charging current as far as possible, so that obtain bigger charging rate, battery pack is continued charging, guarantee that the battery electric quantity in theseries battery 1 rises synchronously, finally is charged to the highest charge value SOC simultaneouslyM=96 ampere-hours stop charging, realize the battery pack balancing charging.The discharging current of DC/DC converter module 11 outputs is fed back to and discharges and recharges on thebus 12, isseries battery 1 auxiliary charging, realizes energy recuperation.
Final charging result is:
Under different ambient temperatures, and occur in the battery pack under the situation of cell performance notable difference, can realize that the electric weight of each cell is full of.' overcharging ' phenomenon does not take place.
Charging process is reliable and stable.
When 2, thisseries battery 1 electric weight difference compensates even charge-discharge system as electric discharge device,series battery 1 each cell two ends are connected to battery voltage signal collection andbuffer circuit 2 and DC/DC converter module 11 by lead, and battery voltage signal collection andbuffer circuit 2 are delivered tomaster control borad 3 with voltage signal after photoelectricity is isolated.Electricweight computing unit 15 in themaster control borad 3 calculates the electric weight of each cells, when the electric weight of cell greater than zero the time, the discharging current of battery pack exports load 14 to by discharging and rechargingbus 12.
Load in the present embodiment (14) is a kind of motor of electric motor car, and in discharge process, load changes.Load current is 10～40 amperes during cruising, and battery pack is by discharging and recharging about 10～40 amperes of bus series connection output current, and each cell determines that by master board about 0～0.6 ampere is not waited according to its electric weight through the output of DC/DC converter module.Give it the gun or when starting, load current is 160～240 amperes, the electric current of series connection output is 130～240 amperes, and each cell is output as 0～1.5 ampere through the DC/DC module.No matter electric motor car cruising, descending or when stopping surpass set point as long as the electric weight computing unit is found the electric weight difference of cell in the battery pack, as are set at 3 ampere-hours.The higher several cells of electric weight in the battery pack are exported by DC/DC converter module 11, beload 14 auxiliary power supplies, or voltage reversal is added in the two ends ofseries battery 1, be battery charging, this electric current is 0～1 ampere, and the more cell of electric weight is discharged more.Realize the equilibrium of battery electric quantity in the dynamic process.
Continuation along with discharge process, when the electric weight that detects some cells is zero, stop the output of corresponding DC/DC converter module 11, and the non-vanishing cell of other electric weight can continue by 11 discharges of corresponding D C/DC converter module, and carries out the homogenizing process of discharge process.All cell electric weight are zero in series battery 1.Stop battery power discharge, the energy of battery pack has obtained fully utilization.
The result of native system discharge is:
Discharge process is steadily reliable, and the electric weight of battery pack is fully used, and does not have battery that ' overdischarge ' phenomenon takes place.
In the charge and discharge process of the present invention the factors such as temperature of cell voltage, electric current, battery being monitored, by the dynamic electric weight of electricweight computing unit 15 counting cells ofmaster control borad 3, and serves as carrying out according to the control charge and discharge process with dynamic electric weight.Under the situation of not damaging battery, can make full use of the energy of battery.
Adopt 11 pairs of higher cells of charge value of DC/DC converter module to discharge in right amount in the charging process, the electric weight of each cell in the battery pack is raise synchronously, and the while is sufficient, reaches the automatic equalization ofseries battery 1, safe and reliable, the service efficiency and the life-span of having improved battery pack.Charging process can be used higher charging current, the charge efficiency height.The output current of DC/DC converter module 11 is fed back to and discharges and rechargesbus 12 isseries battery 1 auxiliary charging, realizes energy recuperation.
The present invention in connectingload 14 discharge processes to the capable monitoring of voltage, temperature, electric current of each cell, the size of the dynamic electric weight of each cell that calculates according to electricweight computing unit 15, by DC/DC converter module 11 the high battery of electric weight is discharged more, reduce the difference of dynamic electric weight between cell, make the electric weight of battery pack in discharge process, reach dynamically homogenizing.Both prevented ' overdischarge ' of individual cell, prolonged battery useful life, and the energy of battery pack had been fully used, the efficient height.Therefore, the present invention has very high using value.
Claims (5)
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| CNB021164231ACN1181593C (en) | 2002-04-04 | 2002-04-04 | Automatic equalization charging and discharging device based on battery dynamic power difference compensation |
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- 2002
- 2002-04-04CNCNB021164231Apatent/CN1181593C/ennot_activeExpired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
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| WO2012100540A1 (en)* | 2011-01-26 | 2012-08-02 | Chen Guanhao | Lithium ion battery management system |
| TWI460453B (en)* | 2012-09-28 | 2014-11-11 | Metal Ind Res & Dev Ct | Battery residual energy estimation system synthesized by two mutually perpendicular components and its estimation method |
| CN103901344A (en)* | 2012-12-24 | 2014-07-02 | 财团法人金属工业研究发展中心 | Residual battery capacity estimation system and estimation method thereof |
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