技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及氢燃烧技术领域，尤其涉及一种氢气微混燃烧室。The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen combustion, and in particular to a hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber.
背景技术Background technique
“双碳”目标下，氢气因零碳排放和燃油热值高的特点，成为航空发动机和地面燃机领域具应用潜力的燃料，而氢燃烧技术是氢燃料燃气涡轮发动机发展的重要部分。Under the "dual carbon" goal, hydrogen has become a fuel with great application potential in the fields of aviation engines and ground gas turbines due to its zero carbon emissions and high calorific value. Hydrogen combustion technology is an important part of the development of hydrogen-fueled gas turbine engines.
现有氢燃烧技术大多是基于预混燃烧技术，采用氢气和空气在微通道内预先掺混，混合气通过同一喷孔共同射流喷出，但因氢燃烧速度快、火焰温度高，采用预混燃烧方式易发生回火和热声不稳定的问题。Most of the existing hydrogen combustion technologies are based on premixed combustion technology, which uses hydrogen and air to be premixed in a microchannel, and the mixed gas is ejected through the same nozzle. However, due to the fast combustion speed of hydrogen and the high flame temperature, the premixed combustion method is prone to flashback and thermoacoustic instability.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明提供一种氢气微混燃烧室，用以解决现有技术中采用预混燃烧方式易发生回火和热声不稳定的缺陷。The present invention provides a hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber, which is used to solve the defects of the prior art that the premixed combustion mode is prone to flashback and thermoacoustic instability.
本发明提供一种氢气微混燃烧室，包括：The present invention provides a hydrogen mild mixing combustion chamber, comprising:
燃烧室壳体，所述燃烧室壳体具有燃烧室出口；a combustion chamber housing having a combustion chamber outlet;
微混头部，设置于所述燃烧室壳体内，所述微混头部包括火焰内筒、火焰外筒、导流板和头部混合板，所述火焰外筒套设于所述火焰内筒的外周，所述火焰外筒的后端和所述火焰外筒的后端构造有与所述燃烧室出口连通的掺混出口；A micro-mixing head is arranged in the combustion chamber housing, the micro-mixing head comprises a flame inner cylinder, a flame outer cylinder, a guide plate and a head mixing plate, the flame outer cylinder is sleeved on the outer periphery of the flame inner cylinder, and the rear end of the flame outer cylinder and the rear end of the flame outer cylinder are configured with a mixing outlet connected to the combustion chamber outlet;
所述头部混合板设置于所述火焰外筒的前端和所述火焰内筒的前端，所述头部混合板、所述火焰内筒和所述火焰外筒之间构造有掺混环腔；The head mixing plate is arranged at the front end of the flame outer cylinder and the front end of the flame inner cylinder, and a mixing annular cavity is constructed between the head mixing plate, the flame inner cylinder and the flame outer cylinder;
所述头部混合板对应所述掺混环腔的位置布置有多个燃烧孔，所述燃烧孔靠近所述头部混合板中心的内壁设置有涡流发生器，所述头部混合板内部设置有氢气射流通道，所述燃烧孔的内壁设置有与所述氢气射流通道连通的喷孔；The head mixing plate is provided with a plurality of combustion holes at positions corresponding to the mixing annular cavity, the inner wall of the combustion hole close to the center of the head mixing plate is provided with a vortex generator, the interior of the head mixing plate is provided with a hydrogen jet channel, and the inner wall of the combustion hole is provided with a spray hole connected with the hydrogen jet channel;
所述导流板设置于所述头部混合板的前端面，所述导流板对应所述掺混环腔的位置布置有多个进气孔。The guide plate is arranged on the front end surface of the head mixing plate, and a plurality of air inlet holes are arranged at positions of the guide plate corresponding to the mixing annular cavity.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述火焰外筒与所述燃烧室壳体之间具有第一距离，所述火焰外筒与所述燃烧室壳体之间构造外环腔；所述火焰外筒上布置有连通所述外环腔和所述掺混环腔的外掺混孔。According to a hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, there is a first distance between the flame outer cylinder and the combustion chamber shell, and an outer ring cavity is constructed between the flame outer cylinder and the combustion chamber shell; an external mixing hole connecting the outer ring cavity and the mixing ring cavity is arranged on the flame outer cylinder.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述导流板与所述燃烧室壳体之间具有第二距离，所述导流板与所述燃烧室壳体之间构造进气腔，所述导流板和所述头部混合板形成有连通所述进气腔和所述火焰内筒内腔的进气通道，所述火焰内筒布置有连通所述火焰内筒内腔和所述掺混环腔的内掺混孔。According to a hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, there is a second distance between the guide plate and the combustion chamber shell, an air intake cavity is constructed between the guide plate and the combustion chamber shell, the guide plate and the head mixing plate form an air intake channel connecting the air intake cavity and the flame inner cylinder inner cavity, and the flame inner cylinder is arranged with an internal mixing hole connecting the flame inner cylinder inner cavity and the mixing ring cavity.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述涡流发生器位于所述燃烧孔远离所述导流板的一端，所述涡流发生器沿所述头部混合板厚度方向具有第一尺寸，所述第一尺寸为所述头部混合板厚度的3/4～5/6。According to a hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the vortex generator is located at an end of the combustion hole away from the guide plate, and the vortex generator has a first dimension along the thickness direction of the head mixing plate, and the first dimension is 3/4 to 5/6 of the thickness of the head mixing plate.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述涡流发生器呈三角体状，所述涡流发生器的高度由靠近所述导流板的一端向远离所述导流板的一端逐渐增大。According to a hydrogen mild-mixing combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the vortex generator is in a triangular shape, and the height of the vortex generator gradually increases from an end close to the guide plate to an end away from the guide plate.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述燃烧孔的横截面呈正多边形，所述燃烧孔的内壁设置有两个所述喷孔，所述喷孔的中心轴线与所述正多边形的一个边垂直。According to a hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the combustion hole is a regular polygon, two spray holes are arranged on the inner wall of the combustion hole, and the central axis of the spray hole is perpendicular to one side of the regular polygon.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述燃烧孔以所述头部混合板中心为圆心布置多圈。According to a hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the combustion holes are arranged in multiple circles with the center of the head mixing plate as the center.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述燃烧孔的尺寸小于10mm。According to a hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the size of the combustion hole is less than 10 mm.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述火焰外筒、所述火焰内筒和所述头部混合板中的至少一者设置冷却孔。According to a hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, at least one of the flame outer cylinder, the flame inner cylinder and the head mixing plate is provided with a cooling hole.
根据本发明实施例提供的一种氢气微混燃烧室，所述氢气射流通道包括：According to a hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen jet channel comprises:
多个连接气道，所述连接气道与对应的所述喷孔连通；A plurality of connecting air passages, wherein the connecting air passages are connected to the corresponding spray holes;
主气道，所述主气道与多个所述连接气道连通。A main airway is communicated with the plurality of connecting airways.
本发明实施例提供的氢气微混燃烧室，通过前端导流板上设计多个进气孔，使得导流板能够有效防止掺混环腔进气轴向速度低所造成的氢气回火问题，同时利于头部混合板的进气均匀性，并通过头部混合板上燃烧孔内壁设置的涡流发生器，使得经喷孔喷出的氢气与流经进气孔进入的空气进行有效混合，可实现氢气扩散燃烧，避免预混燃烧回火和热声不稳定问题。The hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber provided in the embodiment of the present invention is designed with multiple air inlet holes on the front guide plate, so that the guide plate can effectively prevent the hydrogen flashback problem caused by the low axial speed of the mixing annular cavity intake, and at the same time is beneficial to the intake uniformity of the head mixing plate. The vortex generator arranged on the inner wall of the combustion hole on the head mixing plate can effectively mix the hydrogen sprayed through the spray hole and the air entering through the air inlet hole, thereby realizing hydrogen diffusion combustion and avoiding premixed combustion flashback and thermoacoustic instability problems.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
图1是本发明实施例提供的氢气微混燃烧室的结构示意图之一；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例提供的氢气微混燃烧室的结构示意图之二；FIG2 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例提供的微混头部的结构示意图之一；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a micro-hybrid head provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例提供的微混头部的结构示意图之二；FIG4 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of a micro-hybrid head provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例提供的导流板的结构示意图之一；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a guide plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例提供的导流板的结构示意图之二；FIG6 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the guide plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图7是本发明实施例提供的头部混合板的结构示意图；7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a head mixing plate provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图8是本发明实施例提供的头部混合板中一个燃烧孔处的结构示意图；FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of a combustion hole in a head mixing plate provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图9是本发明实施例提供的氢气微混燃烧室的原理示意图。FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the principle of a hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
附图标记：Reference numerals:
1、导流板；2、头部混合板；3、火焰外筒；4、火焰内筒；5、进气孔；6、燃烧孔；7、外掺混孔；8、内掺混孔；9、涡流发生器；10、燃烧室壳体；101、燃烧室出口；102、燃烧室进口；103、掺混环腔；104、外环腔；105、内环腔。1. Guide plate; 2. Head mixing plate; 3. Flame outer tube; 4. Flame inner tube; 5. Air inlet; 6. Combustion hole; 7. External mixing hole; 8. Internal mixing hole; 9. Vortex generator; 10. Combustion chamber shell; 101. Combustion chamber outlet; 102. Combustion chamber inlet; 103. Mixing annular cavity; 104. External annular cavity; 105. Internal annular cavity.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
在本发明实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明实施例和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明实施例的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本发明实施例的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明实施例中的具体含义。In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.
在本发明实施例中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，第一特征在第二特征“上”或“下”可以是第一和第二特征直接接触，或第一和第二特征通过中间媒介间接接触。而且，第一特征在第二特征“之上”、“上方”和“上面”可是第一特征在第二特征正上方或斜上方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度高于第二特征。第一特征在第二特征“之下”、“下方”和“下面”可以是第一特征在第二特征正下方或斜下方，或仅仅表示第一特征水平高度小于第二特征。In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.
在本说明书的描述中，参考术语“一个实施例”、“一些实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”、或“一些示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明实施例的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中，对上述术语的示意性表述不必须针对的是相同的实施例或示例。而且，描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。此外，在不相互矛盾的情况下，本领域的技术人员可以将本说明书中描述的不同实施例或示例以及不同实施例或示例的特征进行结合和组合。In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.
下面结合图1-图9描述本发明实施例的氢气微混燃烧室。The hydrogen mild-mix combustion chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 .
本发明实施例提出一种氢气微混燃烧室，如图1至图4所示，该氢气微混燃烧室包括燃烧室壳体10和设置于燃烧室壳体10内的微混头部。An embodiment of the present invention provides a hydrogen mild-mixing combustion chamber, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 , the hydrogen mild-mixing combustion chamber includes a combustion chamber shell 10 and a mild-mixing head disposed in the combustion chamber shell 10 .
燃烧室壳体10的后端具有燃烧室出口101；微混头部包括火焰内筒4、火焰外筒3、导流板1和头部混合板2，火焰外筒3套设于火焰内筒4的外周，火焰外筒3的后端和火焰外筒3的后端构造有与燃烧室出口101连通的掺混出口；头部混合板2设置于火焰外筒3的前端和火焰外筒3的前端，头部混合板2、火焰内筒4和火焰外筒3之间构造有掺混环腔103；The rear end of the combustion chamber housing 10 has a combustion chamber outlet 101; the micro-mixing head includes a flame inner tube 4, a flame outer tube 3, a guide plate 1 and a head mixing plate 2, the flame outer tube 3 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the flame inner tube 4, and the rear end of the flame outer tube 3 and the rear end of the flame outer tube 3 are configured with a mixing outlet connected to the combustion chamber outlet 101; the head mixing plate 2 is arranged at the front end of the flame outer tube 3 and the front end of the flame outer tube 3, and a mixing annular cavity 103 is configured between the head mixing plate 2, the flame inner tube 4 and the flame outer tube 3;
头部混合板2对应掺混环腔103的位置布置有多个燃烧孔6，燃烧孔6靠近头部混合板2中心的内壁设置有涡流发生器9，头部混合板2内部设置有氢气射流通道，燃烧孔6的内壁设置有与氢气射流通道连通的喷孔；A plurality of combustion holes 6 are arranged at the position of the head mixing plate 2 corresponding to the mixing annular cavity 103, a vortex generator 9 is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion hole 6 near the center of the head mixing plate 2, a hydrogen jet channel is arranged inside the head mixing plate 2, and a nozzle hole connected to the hydrogen jet channel is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion hole 6;
导流板1设置于头部混合板2的前端面，导流板1对应掺混环腔103的位置布置有多个进气孔5。The guide plate 1 is arranged on the front end surface of the head mixing plate 2 , and a plurality of air inlet holes 5 are arranged at positions of the guide plate 1 corresponding to the mixing annular cavity 103 .
可以理解的是，火焰外筒3间隔设置于火焰内筒4的外周，火焰外筒3和火焰内筒4之间具有距离，从而火焰外筒3的后端和火焰外筒3的后端形成环状的掺混出口，头部混合板2设置于火焰外筒3的前端和火焰内筒4的前端，头部混合板2、火焰内筒4和火焰外筒3之间围成掺混环腔103。It can be understood that the flame outer cylinder 3 is arranged at intervals on the outer periphery of the flame inner cylinder 4, and there is a distance between the flame outer cylinder 3 and the flame inner cylinder 4, so that the rear end of the flame outer cylinder 3 and the rear end of the flame outer cylinder 3 form an annular mixing outlet, and the head mixing plate 2 is arranged at the front end of the flame outer cylinder 3 and the front end of the flame inner cylinder 4, and a mixing annular cavity 103 is surrounded by the head mixing plate 2, the flame inner cylinder 4 and the flame outer cylinder 3.
导流板1设置于头部混合板2的前端面，导流板1对应掺混环腔103的位置布置有多个进气孔5，空气经进气孔5进入头部混合板2，头部混合板2上布置有燃烧孔6，每个燃烧孔6内形成流动通道，在燃烧孔6内，空气在流动方向上从上游朝向下游流动，并且头部混合板2内部布置有氢气射流通道，每个燃烧孔6内壁设置有与氢气射流通道连通的喷孔，氢气经氢气射流通道，并通过喷孔喷射至燃烧孔6内，以与经进气孔5流动至燃烧孔6内的空气进行充分掺混和燃烧。The guide plate 1 is arranged on the front end surface of the head mixing plate 2. A plurality of air inlet holes 5 are arranged at the position of the guide plate 1 corresponding to the mixing annular cavity 103. The air enters the head mixing plate 2 through the air inlet holes 5. The head mixing plate 2 is provided with combustion holes 6. A flow channel is formed in each combustion hole 6. In the combustion hole 6, the air flows from upstream to downstream in the flow direction. A hydrogen jet channel is arranged inside the head mixing plate 2. A spray hole connected to the hydrogen jet channel is arranged on the inner wall of each combustion hole 6. The hydrogen passes through the hydrogen jet channel and is sprayed into the combustion hole 6 through the spray hole so as to be fully mixed and burned with the air flowing into the combustion hole 6 through the air inlet holes 5.
需要说明的是，涡流发生器9设置于燃烧孔6靠近头部混合板2中心的内壁，有效提高涡流发生器9对空气扰流作用，使得空气动能损失大，氢气射流更易穿透到主流空气中，实现喷孔喷出的氢气与流经进气孔5进入的空气的有效混合。It should be noted that the vortex generator 9 is arranged on the inner wall of the combustion hole 6 close to the center of the head mixing plate 2, which effectively improves the air turbulence effect of the vortex generator 9, causes a large loss of air kinetic energy, and the hydrogen jet can more easily penetrate into the mainstream air, thereby realizing effective mixing of the hydrogen ejected from the nozzle and the air entering through the air inlet 5.
本发明实施例提供的氢气微混燃烧室，通过前端导流板1上设计多个进气孔5，使得导流板1能够有效防止掺混环腔103进气轴向速度低所造成的氢气回火问题，同时利于头部混合板2的进气均匀性，并通过头部混合板2上燃烧孔6内壁设置的涡流发生器9，使得经喷孔喷出的氢气与流经进气孔5进入的空气进行有效混合，可实现氢气扩散燃烧，避免预混燃烧回火和热声不稳定问题。The hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber provided in the embodiment of the present invention is designed with multiple air inlet holes 5 on the front end guide plate 1, so that the guide plate 1 can effectively prevent the hydrogen flashback problem caused by the low axial speed of the air intake in the mixing annular cavity 103, and at the same time is beneficial to the air intake uniformity of the head mixing plate 2. The vortex generator 9 arranged on the inner wall of the combustion hole 6 on the head mixing plate 2 allows the hydrogen ejected through the nozzle to be effectively mixed with the air entering through the air inlet hole 5, thereby realizing hydrogen diffusion combustion and avoiding the problems of premixed combustion flashback and thermoacoustic instability.
需要说明的是，现有预混燃烧方式的氢燃料燃烧室长度和重量大，不利于提高航空发动机的推重比，一般适用于地面燃气轮机，若在真实地面燃机实验，成本高、验证周期长，不利于产品的快速研发。而本发明实施例导流板1和头部混合板2的扰流结构设计，使得氢气微混燃烧室的长度和重量较小，在微型涡喷发动机中试验，研发成本低、验证周期短，从而利于产品的快速研发。It should be noted that the length and weight of the hydrogen fuel combustion chamber of the existing premixed combustion method are large, which is not conducive to improving the thrust-to-weight ratio of the aircraft engine. It is generally suitable for ground gas turbines. If it is tested in a real ground gas turbine, the cost is high and the verification cycle is long, which is not conducive to the rapid development of products. However, the spoiler structure design of the guide plate 1 and the head mixing plate 2 in the embodiment of the present invention makes the length and weight of the hydrogen micro-mixed combustion chamber small. When tested in a micro turbojet engine, the development cost is low and the verification cycle is short, which is conducive to the rapid development of products.
根据本发明实施例，如图5和图6所示，导流板1上布置有多个进气孔5，以及头部混合板2上布置有多个燃烧孔6，以实现数量众多的微小尺度火焰，增强空气和氢气的局部混合强度，提升了混合均匀度。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, a plurality of air inlet holes 5 are arranged on the guide plate 1, and a plurality of combustion holes 6 are arranged on the head mixing plate 2, so as to realize a large number of micro-scale flames, enhance the local mixing intensity of air and hydrogen, and improve the mixing uniformity.
根据本发明实施例，如图3和图4所示，火焰外筒3、火焰内筒4和燃烧室壳体10均呈圆筒形，火焰内筒4、火焰外筒3和燃烧室壳体10由内向外依次同轴布置；对应的，导流板1和头部混合板2均为圆板结构，火焰外筒3的后端和火焰外筒3的后端构造呈环状的掺混出口。According to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the flame outer cylinder 3, the flame inner cylinder 4 and the combustion chamber shell 10 are all cylindrical, and the flame inner cylinder 4, the flame outer cylinder 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10 are coaxially arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; correspondingly, the guide plate 1 and the head mixing plate 2 are both circular plate structures, and the rear end of the flame outer cylinder 3 and the rear end of the flame outer cylinder 3 are structured as an annular mixing outlet.
示例的，火焰外筒3、火焰内筒4和头部混合板2通过3D打印方式一体成型，并与导流板1焊接成为一个完整的微混头部，以进行氢气微混燃烧。For example, the flame outer cylinder 3, the flame inner cylinder 4 and the head mixing plate 2 are integrally formed by 3D printing, and are welded with the guide plate 1 to form a complete micro-mixing head for hydrogen micro-mixing combustion.
进一步的，为防止微混头部长期承受高温热负荷作用出现烧蚀问题，在火焰外筒3、火焰内筒4和头部混合板2上设置冷却孔，以避免高温烧蚀，进而延长使用寿命。Furthermore, in order to prevent the micro-mixing head from being subjected to high temperature heat load for a long time and causing ablation problems, cooling holes are provided on the flame outer tube 3, the flame inner tube 4 and the head mixing plate 2 to avoid high temperature ablation and thus extend the service life.
在本发明的一个实施例中，火焰外筒3与燃烧室壳体10之间具有第一距离，火焰外筒3与燃烧室壳体10之间构造外环腔104；火焰外筒3上布置有连通外环腔104和掺混环腔103的外掺混孔7。In one embodiment of the present invention, there is a first distance between the flame outer cylinder 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10, and an outer ring cavity 104 is constructed between the flame outer cylinder 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10; an outer mixing hole 7 connecting the outer ring cavity 104 and the mixing ring cavity 103 is arranged on the flame outer cylinder 3.
可以理解的是，微混头部设置于燃烧室壳体10内，火焰外筒3与燃烧室壳体10之间具有距离，从而在火焰外筒3与燃烧室壳体10之间形成外环腔104，并在火焰外筒3上布置有外掺混孔7，空气经燃烧室壳体10的进口流经火焰外筒3与燃烧室壳体10之间的外环腔104，并经火焰外筒3上的外掺混孔7进入火焰内筒4和火焰外筒3之间的掺混环腔103。It can be understood that the micro-mixing head is arranged in the combustion chamber shell 10, and there is a distance between the flame outer cylinder 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10, so that an outer annular cavity 104 is formed between the flame outer cylinder 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10, and an external mixing hole 7 is arranged on the flame outer cylinder 3. The air flows through the outer annular cavity 104 between the flame outer cylinder 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10 through the inlet of the combustion chamber shell 10, and enters the mixing annular cavity 103 between the flame inner cylinder 4 and the flame outer cylinder 3 through the external mixing hole 7 on the flame outer cylinder 3.
需要说明的是，空气经燃烧室壳体10的进口进入燃烧室壳体内部，并分两部分，其中一部分经导流板1上的多个进气孔5进入头部混合板2的燃烧孔6，并与燃烧孔6内壁经喷孔喷出的氢气进行充分掺混，并进入掺混环腔103；另外一部分流经火焰外筒3与燃烧室壳体10之间的外环腔104，并经火焰外筒3上的外掺混孔7进入掺混环腔103，对高温燃气进行稀释和掺混，保证燃烧室出口101温度分布均匀。It should be noted that the air enters the combustion chamber shell through the inlet of the combustion chamber shell 10 and is divided into two parts. One part enters the combustion hole 6 of the head mixing plate 2 through the multiple air inlet holes 5 on the guide plate 1, and is fully mixed with the hydrogen ejected from the inner wall of the combustion hole 6 through the nozzle, and enters the mixing annular cavity 103; the other part flows through the outer annular cavity 104 between the flame outer cylinder 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10, and enters the mixing annular cavity 103 through the external mixing hole 7 on the flame outer cylinder 3, dilutes and mixes the high-temperature combustion gas, and ensures that the temperature distribution at the combustion chamber outlet 101 is uniform.
进一步的，如图9所示，导流板1与燃烧室壳体10之间具有第二距离，导流板1与燃烧室壳体10之间构造进气腔，导流板1和头部混合板2形成有连通进气腔和火焰内筒4内腔的进气通道，火焰内筒4布置有连通火焰内筒4内腔和掺混环腔103的内掺混孔8。Furthermore, as shown in Figure 9, there is a second distance between the guide plate 1 and the combustion chamber shell 10, an air intake cavity is constructed between the guide plate 1 and the combustion chamber shell 10, the guide plate 1 and the head mixing plate 2 form an air intake channel connecting the air intake cavity and the inner cavity of the flame inner cylinder 4, and the flame inner cylinder 4 is arranged with an internal mixing hole 8 connecting the inner cavity of the flame inner cylinder 4 and the mixing ring cavity 103.
可以理解的是，导流板1与燃烧室壳体10之间形成进气腔，离心压气机出来的空气经燃烧室壳体10的进口进入燃烧室壳体10内部，并分为三部分进入微混头部内，第一部分直接轴向进入外环腔104，并通过火焰外筒3上的外掺混孔7进入掺混环腔103，对高温燃气进行稀释和掺混；第二部分转为径向，再转为轴向并经导流板1上的进气孔5、头部混合板2的燃烧孔6以与经氢气射流通道、喷孔喷射的氢气射流掺混燃烧，之后进入掺混环腔103；第三部分经导流板1和头部混合板2的进气通道进入内环腔105，并通过内火焰筒的内掺混孔8进入掺混环腔103，对高温燃气进行稀释和掺混，保证燃烧室出口101温度分布均匀，防止下游涡轮叶片烧蚀，延长发动机寿命。It can be understood that an air intake cavity is formed between the guide plate 1 and the combustion chamber casing 10. The air from the centrifugal compressor enters the interior of the combustion chamber casing 10 through the inlet of the combustion chamber casing 10, and is divided into three parts to enter the micro-mixing head. The first part directly enters the outer annular cavity 104 axially, and enters the mixing annular cavity 103 through the external mixing hole 7 on the flame outer tube 3 to dilute and mix the high-temperature combustion gas; the second part turns radially, and then turns axially and passes through the air intake hole 5 on the guide plate 1 and the combustion hole 6 of the head mixing plate 2 to mix and burn with the hydrogen jet injected through the hydrogen jet channel and the nozzle, and then enters the mixing annular cavity 103; the third part enters the inner annular cavity 105 through the air intake channel of the guide plate 1 and the head mixing plate 2, and enters the mixing annular cavity 103 through the internal mixing hole 8 of the inner flame tube to dilute and mix the high-temperature combustion gas, thereby ensuring uniform temperature distribution at the combustion chamber outlet 101, preventing ablation of downstream turbine blades, and extending engine life.
这里需要说明的是，燃烧室壳体10与掺混环腔103对应位置具有开口，该开口作为燃烧室出口101。It should be noted here that the combustion chamber housing 10 has an opening at a position corresponding to the mixing annular cavity 103 , and the opening serves as the combustion chamber outlet 101 .
在本发明的一个实施例中，导流板1为环形圆板，导流板1连接于火焰外筒3前端，导流板1中部的通孔作为进气通道，导流板1上分布数百个进气孔5。In one embodiment of the present invention, the guide plate 1 is an annular circular plate, the guide plate 1 is connected to the front end of the flame outer tube 3, the through hole in the middle of the guide plate 1 serves as an air intake channel, and hundreds of air intake holes 5 are distributed on the guide plate 1.
进一步的，导流板1上与掺混环腔103对应位置布满进气孔5。示例的，进气孔5以导流板1中心为圆心布置有多圈。Furthermore, the guide plate 1 is covered with air inlet holes 5 at positions corresponding to the mixing annular cavity 103. For example, the air inlet holes 5 are arranged in multiple circles with the center of the guide plate 1 as the center.
本发明实施例中，进气孔5的孔径尽可能的小，满足进气孔5的孔深为进气孔5的孔径的1.5倍以上即可，这里需要说明的是，进气孔5的孔深为导流板1的厚度。In the embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the air inlet hole 5 is as small as possible, and the hole depth of the air inlet hole 5 is more than 1.5 times the hole diameter of the air inlet hole 5. It should be noted here that the hole depth of the air inlet hole 5 is the thickness of the guide plate 1.
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图7和图8所示，头部混合板2为环状圆板，头部混合板2中部的通孔作为进气通道，头部混合板2的外环面连接于火焰外筒3的前端，头部混合板2的内环面连接于火焰内筒4的前端。In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figures 7 and 8, the head mixing plate 2 is an annular circular plate, the through hole in the middle of the head mixing plate 2 serves as an air intake passage, the outer annular surface of the head mixing plate 2 is connected to the front end of the flame outer cylinder 3, and the inner annular surface of the head mixing plate 2 is connected to the front end of the flame inner cylinder 4.
头部混合板2上分布多个燃烧孔6，多个燃烧孔6形成了类似蜂巢结构，蜂巢结构既坚固又省料，降低了材料成本，提高了空间利用率，燃烧室更安全可靠，而且重量轻，可以有效减轻发动机的重量。A plurality of combustion holes 6 are distributed on the head mixing plate 2, and the plurality of combustion holes 6 form a honeycomb structure. The honeycomb structure is strong and saves materials, reduces material costs, improves space utilization, makes the combustion chamber safer and more reliable, and is lightweight, which can effectively reduce the weight of the engine.
燃烧孔6的内壁布置涡流发生器9，涡流发生器9加强氢气和空气的掺混。燃烧孔6的内壁设置有喷孔，喷孔的出射方向垂直于燃烧孔6的一个壁面，以使喷孔的喷出的氢气与空气充分掺混和燃烧。The inner wall of the combustion hole 6 is provided with a vortex generator 9, which strengthens the mixing of hydrogen and air. The inner wall of the combustion hole 6 is provided with a spray hole, and the spray hole has an exit direction perpendicular to a wall surface of the combustion hole 6, so that the hydrogen sprayed from the spray hole is fully mixed and burned with the air.
在本发明的一个实施例中，燃烧孔6的横截面呈正多边形，燃烧孔6的内壁设置有两个喷孔，喷孔的中心轴线与正多边形的一个边垂直。In one embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the combustion hole 6 is a regular polygon, and two spray holes are arranged on the inner wall of the combustion hole 6, and the central axis of the spray holes is perpendicular to one side of the regular polygon.
可以理解的是，燃烧孔6的横截面均呈正多边形，多个燃烧孔6的横截面均相同，以方便燃烧孔6的加工，缩短加工周期。当然，燃烧孔6的横截面形状并不限定于正多边形，也可以为圆形、四方形、长方形、三角形、拱形或者椭圆形。喷孔的中心轴线与正多边形的一个边垂直，即喷孔的中心轴线与正多边形燃烧孔6的多个内壁中的一个垂直。It is understandable that the cross-sections of the combustion holes 6 are all regular polygons, and the cross-sections of the multiple combustion holes 6 are the same, so as to facilitate the processing of the combustion holes 6 and shorten the processing cycle. Of course, the cross-sectional shape of the combustion holes 6 is not limited to regular polygons, and can also be circular, square, rectangular, triangular, arched or elliptical. The central axis of the spray hole is perpendicular to one side of the regular polygon, that is, the central axis of the spray hole is perpendicular to one of the multiple inner walls of the regular polygonal combustion hole 6.
示例的，燃烧孔6的尺寸小于10mm。这里需要说明的是，燃烧孔6的形状无论采用哪种形式，只需满足燃烧孔6的外扩尺寸均小于10mm即可。For example, the size of the combustion hole 6 is less than 10 mm. It should be noted that no matter what form the combustion hole 6 takes, it only needs to satisfy that the outer expansion size of the combustion hole 6 is less than 10 mm.
在本发明实施例中，燃烧孔6的横截面呈正六边形，从而头部混合板2在燃烧孔6处形成尺寸小于10mm的六角柱体通道，每个燃烧孔6内置微型涡流发生器9，微型涡流发生器9用于加强氢气和空气的掺混。In an embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the combustion hole 6 is a regular hexagon, so that the head mixing plate 2 forms a hexagonal column channel with a size less than 10 mm at the combustion hole 6, and each combustion hole 6 has a built-in micro vortex generator 9, which is used to enhance the mixing of hydrogen and air.
需要说明的是，头部混合板2的燃烧孔6作为微型混合通道，从而本实施例采用阵列排布的微型混合通道代替传统旋流混合通道，微混合通道一般尺寸小于10mm，燃烧孔6作为微混结构所形成的微小火焰团，即实现了氢气和空气充分的掺混，又可缩短燃气停留时间，故进一步降低了氮氧化物的生成。这里需要说明的是，燃烧孔6作为微型混合通道，其混合形式可以为射流-横流混合、旋流微混、通道内的同流混合、径向和轴向入流的小"杯"内旋流混合、多孔介质混合、螺纹回路混合等方式。It should be noted that the combustion holes 6 of the head mixing plate 2 serve as micro-mixing channels, so that the present embodiment uses array-arranged micro-mixing channels to replace the traditional swirl mixing channels. The micro-mixing channels are generally less than 10 mm in size. The combustion holes 6 serve as a micro-mixing structure to form a small flame group, which not only achieves full mixing of hydrogen and air, but also shortens the residence time of the fuel gas, thereby further reducing the generation of nitrogen oxides. It should be noted here that the combustion holes 6 serve as micro-mixing channels, and their mixing forms can be jet-cross-flow mixing, swirl micro-mixing, co-flow mixing in the channel, swirl mixing in a small "cup" with radial and axial inflow, porous medium mixing, threaded loop mixing, and the like.
进一步的，燃烧孔6的内壁设置有两个喷孔，两个喷孔关于正多边形的其中一个直径对称布置，且两个喷孔处于正多边形两个不同的边上。示例的，两个喷孔位于正六边形燃烧孔6两个不同的内壁上，且两个内壁之间间隔一个内壁，通过将两个喷孔对称布置，可使喷出的氢气相互作用，使得氢气与空气混合的更均匀。优选的，通过将两个喷孔布置于涡流发生器9的两侧，可以进一步增强空气和氢气的掺混。Furthermore, the inner wall of the combustion hole 6 is provided with two spray holes, the two spray holes are symmetrically arranged about one of the diameters of the regular polygon, and the two spray holes are located on two different sides of the regular polygon. For example, the two spray holes are located on two different inner walls of the regular hexagonal combustion hole 6, and there is an inner wall between the two inner walls. By arranging the two spray holes symmetrically, the sprayed hydrogen can interact with each other, so that the hydrogen and air are mixed more evenly. Preferably, by arranging the two spray holes on both sides of the vortex generator 9, the mixing of air and hydrogen can be further enhanced.
需要说明的是，燃烧孔6的内壁设置有两个喷孔，喷孔的中心轴线与正多边形的一个边垂直，使得喷孔喷出的氢气垂直于正多边形壁面方向喷射，以进一步增强空气和氢气的充分掺混和燃烧。It should be noted that two spray holes are provided on the inner wall of the combustion hole 6, and the central axis of the spray hole is perpendicular to one side of the regular polygon, so that the hydrogen sprayed from the spray hole is sprayed perpendicular to the wall direction of the regular polygon to further enhance the full mixing and combustion of air and hydrogen.
在本发明的一个实施例中，涡流发生器9位于燃烧孔6远离导流板1的一端，涡流发生器9沿头部混合板2厚度方向具有第一尺寸，第一尺寸为头部混合板2厚度的3/4～5/6。In one embodiment of the present invention, the vortex generator 9 is located at one end of the combustion hole 6 away from the guide plate 1, and the vortex generator 9 has a first size along the thickness direction of the head mixing plate 2, and the first size is 3/4 to 5/6 of the thickness of the head mixing plate 2.
需要说明的是，在设计过程中，一般将涡流发生器9三角形面侧靠近头部混合板2端面，涡流发生器9轴向长度越大，对空气扰流作用越强烈，空气动能损失越大，氢气射流更易穿透到主流空气中，因此本实施例涡流发生器9的进气端更靠近中心布置。示例的，涡流发生器9的轴向长度一般取在4mm～5.5mm范围内。It should be noted that, in the design process, the triangular side of the vortex generator 9 is generally placed close to the end face of the head mixing plate 2. The larger the axial length of the vortex generator 9, the stronger the air disturbance effect, the greater the air kinetic energy loss, and the easier it is for the hydrogen jet to penetrate into the mainstream air. Therefore, the air inlet end of the vortex generator 9 in this embodiment is arranged closer to the center. For example, the axial length of the vortex generator 9 is generally within the range of 4 mm to 5.5 mm.
可以理解的是，涡流发生器9的轴向长度为第一尺寸，头部混合板2的厚度即轴向长度为第二尺寸，本实施例第一尺寸为第二尺寸的3/4～5/6。这里需要说明的是，在涡流发生器9设置于头部混合板2，通常先确定涡流发生器9的轴向尺寸，基于涡流发生器9的轴向尺寸再确定头部混合板2的轴向尺寸，头部混合板2上的厚度越大，会增加流动的压力损失，使整个燃烧室压力损失增加，从而增加发动机耗油率，经济性能减弱。同时压力损失增大，即头部混合板2进出口压差增加，会导致空气射流速度增加，这增加了氢气射流穿透的难度。因此，本实施例可以将涡流发生器9的轴向尺寸设计为头部混合板2厚度的3/4～5/6，以对头部混合板2的厚度进行限定，从而利于增强对空气的扰流作用，进而提升氢气分布均匀性，降低NOx生成。It can be understood that the axial length of the vortex generator 9 is the first dimension, and the thickness of the head mixing plate 2, that is, the axial length, is the second dimension. In this embodiment, the first dimension is 3/4 to 5/6 of the second dimension. It should be noted here that when the vortex generator 9 is set on the head mixing plate 2, the axial dimension of the vortex generator 9 is usually determined first, and the axial dimension of the head mixing plate 2 is determined based on the axial dimension of the vortex generator 9. The greater the thickness on the head mixing plate 2, the greater the pressure loss of the flow, the greater the pressure loss of the entire combustion chamber, thereby increasing the fuel consumption rate of the engine and weakening the economic performance. At the same time, the pressure loss increases, that is, the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the head mixing plate 2 increases, which will cause the air jet velocity to increase, which increases the difficulty of hydrogen jet penetration. Therefore, in this embodiment, the axial dimension of the vortex generator 9 can be designed to be 3/4 to 5/6 of the thickness of the head mixing plate 2, so as to limit the thickness of the head mixing plate 2, thereby facilitating the enhancement of the turbulence effect on the air, thereby improving the uniformity of hydrogen distribution and reducing NOx generation.
在本发明的一个实施例中，涡流发生器9呈三角体状，涡流发生器9的高度由靠近导流板1的一端向远离导流板1的一端逐渐增大。In one embodiment of the present invention, the vortex generator 9 is triangular in shape, and the height of the vortex generator 9 gradually increases from an end close to the guide plate 1 to an end away from the guide plate 1 .
在本发明的一个实施例中，燃烧孔6以头部混合板2中心为圆心布置多圈，则头部混合板2上布置有多圈燃烧孔组，多圈燃烧孔组沿头部混合板2的径向布置，每圈燃烧孔组包括沿周向布置的多个燃烧孔6。In one embodiment of the present invention, the combustion holes 6 are arranged in multiple circles with the center of the head mixing plate 2 as the center of the circle, and multiple circles of combustion hole groups are arranged on the head mixing plate 2. The multiple circles of combustion hole groups are arranged along the radial direction of the head mixing plate 2, and each circle of combustion hole groups includes multiple combustion holes 6 arranged along the circumferential direction.
优选的，每圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6沿周向均布，多圈燃烧孔组之间的径向间隔相等。这需要说明的是，不同燃烧孔6组的燃烧孔6数量可以相同，也可以不同。Preferably, the combustion holes 6 of each combustion hole group are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the radial intervals between multiple combustion hole groups are equal. It should be noted that the number of combustion holes 6 in different combustion hole groups 6 can be the same or different.
本实施例中，如图7所示，头部混合板2上布置有三圈燃烧孔组，分别为由内向外依次布置的第一圈燃烧孔组、第二圈燃烧孔组和第三圈燃烧孔组，其中，第一圈燃烧孔组和第二圈燃烧孔组为主燃级，在发动机高功率时，接通氢气并燃烧，在保证燃烧室温升的同时，起到降低燃烧温度和污染物排放作用，第三圈燃烧孔组为值班级，在发动机低功率时起到稳定火焰作用。示例的，第二圈燃烧孔组和第三圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6数量相等，第一圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6数量小于第二圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6数量。根据值班级和预燃级的空气流量分配，确定了值班级孔和主燃级孔的数量，值班级有18个，主燃级有30个，为了在有限空间内布置30个主燃级孔数，将其分成两圈，即本实施例的第一圈燃烧孔组和第二圈燃烧孔组，又因为第一圈燃烧孔组处于半径最小的圆环处，布置孔数的数量有限，故第一圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6数量小于第二圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6数量，同时考虑数值仿真周期性边界条件设置，一般取1/6全环计算，故第一圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6数量和第二圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6数量分别定为12和18个。这里需要说明的是，径向位置所考虑的因素如下：因第三圈燃烧孔组距离燃烧室进气最近，最易进气，第一圈燃烧孔组最远，不容易进气，为保证各圈燃烧孔6进气均匀性，第三圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6径向向下，第一圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6和第二圈燃烧孔组的燃烧孔6径向向上。In this embodiment, as shown in FIG7 , three circles of combustion hole groups are arranged on the head mixing plate 2, which are the first circle of combustion hole groups, the second circle of combustion hole groups and the third circle of combustion hole groups arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside, wherein the first circle of combustion hole groups and the second circle of combustion hole groups are the main combustion stages, which connect hydrogen and burn when the engine is at high power, and play a role in reducing the combustion temperature and pollutant emissions while ensuring that the combustion room temperature rises, and the third circle of combustion hole groups are the duty stages, which play a role in stabilizing the flame when the engine is at low power. For example, the number of combustion holes 6 in the second circle of combustion hole groups and the third circle of combustion hole groups is equal, and the number of combustion holes 6 in the first circle of combustion hole groups is less than the number of combustion holes 6 in the second circle of combustion hole groups. According to the air flow distribution of the duty class and the pre-combustion stage, the number of duty class holes and main combustion stage holes is determined. There are 18 duty class holes and 30 main combustion stage holes. In order to arrange 30 main combustion stage holes in a limited space, they are divided into two circles, namely the first circle combustion hole group and the second circle combustion hole group of this embodiment. Because the first circle combustion hole group is located at the annular ring with the smallest radius, the number of arranged holes is limited, so the number of combustion holes 6 in the first circle combustion hole group is less than the number of combustion holes 6 in the second circle combustion hole group. At the same time, considering the setting of periodic boundary conditions of numerical simulation, generally 1/6 full ring is taken for calculation, so the number of combustion holes 6 in the first circle combustion hole group and the number of combustion holes 6 in the second circle combustion hole group are set to 12 and 18 respectively. It should be noted here that the factors considered in the radial position are as follows: because the third circle combustion hole group is closest to the combustion chamber air intake and is the easiest to intake, the first circle combustion hole group is the farthest and is not easy to intake. In order to ensure the uniformity of the air intake of each circle of combustion holes 6, the combustion holes 6 in the third circle combustion hole group are radially downward, and the combustion holes 6 in the first circle combustion hole group and the combustion holes 6 in the second circle combustion hole group are radially upward.
在本发明的一个实施例中，氢气射流通道包括多个连接气道和主气道，连接气道与对应的喷孔连通，连接气道用于连接喷孔与主气道。主气道与多个连接气道以及供气管路的出气端口连通，主气道用于将连接气道与供气管路的出气端口连通。In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen jet channel includes a plurality of connecting air channels and a main air channel, the connecting air channels are connected to the corresponding spray holes, and the connecting air channels are used to connect the spray holes and the main air channels. The main air channel is connected to the plurality of connecting air channels and the outlet port of the air supply pipeline, and the main air channel is used to connect the connecting air channels with the outlet port of the air supply pipeline.
在本发明的一个具体实施例中，氢气微混燃烧室包括燃烧室壳体10和设置于燃烧室壳体10内的微混头部，微混头部包括火焰内筒4、火焰外筒3、导流板1和头部混合板2。In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen mild-mixing combustion chamber includes a combustion chamber shell 10 and a mild-mixing head arranged in the combustion chamber shell 10, and the mild-mixing head includes a flame inner tube 4, a flame outer tube 3, a guide plate 1 and a head mixing plate 2.
火焰外筒3和火焰内筒4均呈圆筒状，火焰外筒3同轴套设于火焰内筒4的外周，头部混合板2为环状圆板，头部混合板2设置于火焰外筒3的前端和火焰内筒4的前端，头部混合板2、火焰内筒4和火焰外筒3之间围成掺混环腔103，火焰外筒3的后端和火焰外筒3的后端形成环状的掺混出口；火焰外筒3与燃烧室壳体10之间具有第一距离，火焰外筒3与燃烧室壳体10之间构造外环腔104，燃烧室壳体10与外环腔104对应位置布置有进口(燃烧室进口102)；火焰外筒3上布置有外掺混孔7，本实施例中，火焰外筒3沿周向布置有多个外掺混孔7，优选多个外掺混孔7沿周向均布。当然，在火焰外筒3的周向长度较长时，可以在火焰外筒3上沿周向布置有多圈外掺混孔7。The flame outer tube 3 and the flame inner tube 4 are both cylindrical, the flame outer tube 3 is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the flame inner tube 4, the head mixing plate 2 is an annular circular plate, the head mixing plate 2 is arranged at the front end of the flame outer tube 3 and the front end of the flame inner tube 4, the head mixing plate 2, the flame inner tube 4 and the flame outer tube 3 form a mixing annular cavity 103, and the rear end of the flame outer tube 3 and the rear end of the flame outer tube 3 form an annular mixing outlet; there is a first distance between the flame outer tube 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10, an outer annular cavity 104 is constructed between the flame outer tube 3 and the combustion chamber shell 10, and an inlet (combustion chamber inlet 102) is arranged at the corresponding position of the combustion chamber shell 10 and the outer annular cavity 104; the flame outer tube 3 is arranged with an external mixing hole 7, in this embodiment, the flame outer tube 3 is arranged with a plurality of external mixing holes 7 along the circumferential direction, preferably, the plurality of external mixing holes 7 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. Of course, when the circumferential length of the flame outer tube 3 is long, multiple circles of external mixing holes 7 can be arranged along the circumferential direction on the flame outer tube 3.
导流板1连接于头部混合板2前端面，导流板1与燃烧室壳体10之间具有第二距离，导流板1与燃烧室壳体10之间构造进气腔，导流板1为环形圆板，导流板1中部的通孔作为连通进气腔和火焰内筒4内腔的进气通道，导流板1上布置有进气孔5。火焰内筒4上布置内掺混孔8，本实施例中，火焰内筒4沿周向布置有多个内掺混孔8，优选多个内掺混孔8沿周向均布。当然，在火焰内筒4的周向长度较长时，可以在火焰内筒4上沿周向布置有多圈内掺混孔8。The guide plate 1 is connected to the front end surface of the head mixing plate 2. There is a second distance between the guide plate 1 and the combustion chamber shell 10. An air intake cavity is constructed between the guide plate 1 and the combustion chamber shell 10. The guide plate 1 is an annular circular plate. The through hole in the middle of the guide plate 1 serves as an air intake passage connecting the air intake cavity and the inner cavity of the flame inner cylinder 4. The guide plate 1 is provided with an air intake hole 5. The flame inner cylinder 4 is provided with an internal mixing hole 8. In this embodiment, the flame inner cylinder 4 is provided with a plurality of internal mixing holes 8 along the circumferential direction. Preferably, the plurality of internal mixing holes 8 are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction. Of course, when the circumferential length of the flame inner cylinder 4 is long, a plurality of circles of internal mixing holes 8 may be provided along the circumferential direction on the flame inner cylinder 4.
本实施例中，进气孔5以导流板1的轴心为圆形布置有多圈进气孔5，以使得导流板1上与掺混环腔103对应位置布满进气孔5。In this embodiment, the air inlet holes 5 are arranged in a circle with the axis of the guide plate 1 as a circle, so that the positions on the guide plate 1 corresponding to the mixing annular cavity 103 are fully covered with the air inlet holes 5.
头部混合板2上有多个燃烧孔6，本实施例中，燃烧孔6以头部混合板2中心为圆心布置多圈，燃烧孔6的横截面呈正六边形，每个燃烧孔6靠近头部混合板2中心的内壁设置有涡流发生器9，There are multiple combustion holes 6 on the head mixing plate 2. In this embodiment, the combustion holes 6 are arranged in multiple circles with the center of the head mixing plate 2 as the center. The cross section of the combustion hole 6 is a regular hexagon. A vortex generator 9 is provided on the inner wall of each combustion hole 6 near the center of the head mixing plate 2.
头部混合板2内部设置有氢气射流通道，燃烧孔6的内壁设置有与氢气射流通道连通的两个喷孔，两个喷孔位于正六边形燃烧孔6两个不同的内壁上，且两个内壁之间间隔一个内壁，通过将两个喷孔对称布置，可使喷出的氢气相互作用，使得氢气与空气混合的更均匀。优选的，通过将两个喷孔布置于涡流发生器9的两侧，可以进一步增强空气和氢气的掺混。A hydrogen jet channel is provided inside the head mixing plate 2, and two spray holes connected to the hydrogen jet channel are provided on the inner wall of the combustion hole 6. The two spray holes are located on two different inner walls of the regular hexagonal combustion hole 6, and there is an inner wall between the two inner walls. By arranging the two spray holes symmetrically, the sprayed hydrogen can interact with each other, so that the hydrogen and air are mixed more evenly. Preferably, by arranging the two spray holes on both sides of the vortex generator 9, the mixing of air and hydrogen can be further enhanced.
氢气射流通道包括多个连接气道和主气道。The hydrogen jet channel includes a plurality of connecting gas channels and a main gas channel.
需要说明的是，导流板1可有效防止燃烧室进气轴向速度低，氢气回火问题，同时也有利于提高头部混合板2的燃烧孔6进气均匀性，防止局部空气流量少，火焰温度高的问题。It should be noted that the guide plate 1 can effectively prevent the low axial velocity of the combustion chamber intake and hydrogen flashback problems, and is also beneficial to improving the intake uniformity of the combustion holes 6 of the head mixing plate 2, and preventing the problems of low local air flow and high flame temperature.
本发明实施例提供的氢气微混燃烧室，如图9所示，空气通过三部分进入燃烧室，其中一部分经进气孔5进入的空气与经氢气射流通道、喷孔喷射的氢气射流掺混燃烧，产生高温燃气，另外两部分分别通过外掺混孔7、内掺混孔8进入掺混环腔103，对高温燃气进行稀释和掺混，保证燃烧室出口101温度分布均匀，防止下游涡轮叶片烧蚀，延长发动机寿命。The hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber provided by the embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 9. Air enters the combustion chamber through three parts. One part of the air entering through the air inlet hole 5 is mixed and burned with the hydrogen jet ejected through the hydrogen jet channel and the nozzle hole to produce high-temperature combustion gas. The other two parts enter the mixing annular cavity 103 through the external mixing hole 7 and the internal mixing hole 8 respectively, dilute and mix the high-temperature combustion gas, ensure uniform temperature distribution at the combustion chamber outlet 101, prevent ablation of downstream turbine blades, and extend the engine life.
本发明实施例提供的氢气微混燃烧室，通过导流板1和头部混合板2的扰流作用，增强空气和氢气的掺混，能够实现氢气扩散燃烧，进而实现有限空间内高效燃烧；并且导流板1结构可有效防止因进气轴向速度回火问题，头部混合板2的燃烧孔6实现贫油非预混燃烧，可降低火焰温度，避免生成大量的氮氧化物，有效减少氮氧化物，具有极大的低污染燃烧潜力。同时，能够在微型涡喷发动机中验证，克服了真实地面燃机研发成本高、验证周期的问题。The hydrogen micro-mixing combustion chamber provided by the embodiment of the present invention can enhance the mixing of air and hydrogen through the turbulence effect of the guide plate 1 and the head mixing plate 2, and can realize hydrogen diffusion combustion, thereby realizing efficient combustion in a limited space; and the structure of the guide plate 1 can effectively prevent the problem of flashback due to the axial velocity of the intake air, and the combustion hole 6 of the head mixing plate 2 can realize lean non-premixed combustion, which can reduce the flame temperature, avoid the generation of a large amount of nitrogen oxides, effectively reduce nitrogen oxides, and have great low-pollution combustion potential. At the same time, it can be verified in a micro turbojet engine, overcoming the problems of high R&D cost and verification cycle of real ground combustion engines.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202410369138.2ACN118129181A (en) | 2024-03-28 | 2024-03-28 | Hydrogen mild mix combustion chamber |
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| CN202410369138.2ACN118129181A (en) | 2024-03-28 | 2024-03-28 | Hydrogen mild mix combustion chamber |
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| CN118129181Atrue CN118129181A (en) | 2024-06-04 |
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| CN119042666A (en)* | 2024-07-02 | 2024-11-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | A hydrogen fuel micro-diffusion staged combustion chamber using a porous array arrangement |
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| CN119042666A (en)* | 2024-07-02 | 2024-11-29 | 北京航空航天大学 | A hydrogen fuel micro-diffusion staged combustion chamber using a porous array arrangement |
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