技术领域Technical Field
本申请涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种数据传输方法和装置。The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a data transmission method and device.
背景技术Background technique
第五代(5th-generation，5G)通信网络为终端设备与数据网络(data network，DN)提供数据交换服务，该服务称为协议数据单元(protocol data unit，PDU)会话连接服务。终端设备可以向网络发起PDU会话建立请求以获得PDU连接服务。网络侧通过为终端设备维护PDU会话以提供PDU连接服务。终端设备通过无线接入网接入用户面功能(userplane function，UPF)网元，通过UPF网元与终端设备建立的PDU会话连接与DN进行数据传输。The fifth-generation (5G) communication network provides data exchange services between terminal devices and data networks (DN), which is called protocol data unit (PDU) session connection service. The terminal device can initiate a PDU session establishment request to the network to obtain the PDU connection service. The network side provides PDU connection service by maintaining PDU sessions for terminal devices. The terminal device accesses the user plane function (UPF) network element through the wireless access network, and transmits data with the DN through the PDU session connection established between the UPF network element and the terminal device.
目前，在数据交换过程中使用PDU会话连接服务进行数据传输的一种方法为：终端设备与一个UPF网元建立PDU会话，该UPF网元可以通过该PDU会话转发来自终端设备或者DN的数据包。该方法可能由于UPF网元故障或UPF网元与其它设备之间的链路故障等原因发生故障，在这种情况下，终端设备需要重新连接新UPF网元，新UPF网元需要重新学习终端设备的上下文，重新建立终端设备的PDU会话，导致数据交换服务中断。At present, one method of using the PDU session connection service for data transmission during the data exchange process is: the terminal device establishes a PDU session with a UPF network element, and the UPF network element can forward data packets from the terminal device or DN through the PDU session. This method may fail due to reasons such as UPF network element failure or link failure between the UPF network element and other devices. In this case, the terminal device needs to reconnect to a new UPF network element, and the new UPF network element needs to relearn the context of the terminal device and re-establish the PDU session of the terminal device, resulting in interruption of the data exchange service.
为了解决上述问题，另一种方法是：终端设备与主UPF网元建立PDU会话，主UPF网元将该终端设备的上下文信息备份至备UPF网元，在进行数据交换时，终端设备通过主UPF网元上的PDU会话连接进行数据包传输，备UPF网元处于静默状态，若主UPF网元发生故障，终端设备可以通过备UPF网元传输数据包。该方法在发生故障时，无需终端设备重新建立连接，网络侧和终端设备侧无感知。但是，该方法在进行数据交换时，只使用一个UPF网元进行数据包转发，转发效率低，并且备UPF网元处于静默状态，不去转发数据包，浪费了备UPF网元的转发容量。In order to solve the above problems, another method is: the terminal device establishes a PDU session with the main UPF network element, and the main UPF network element backs up the context information of the terminal device to the standby UPF network element. When exchanging data, the terminal device transmits data packets through the PDU session connection on the main UPF network element. The standby UPF network element is in a silent state. If the main UPF network element fails, the terminal device can transmit data packets through the standby UPF network element. This method does not require the terminal device to re-establish the connection when a failure occurs, and the network side and the terminal device side are unaware. However, when exchanging data, this method only uses one UPF network element to forward data packets, and the forwarding efficiency is low. In addition, the standby UPF network element is in a silent state and does not forward data packets, which wastes the forwarding capacity of the standby UPF network element.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本申请提供了一种数据传输方法和装置，能够合理利用UPF的转发容量，提高数据转发效率，提升用户体验感。The present application provides a data transmission method and device, which can reasonably utilize the forwarding capacity of UPF, improve data forwarding efficiency, and enhance user experience.
第一方面，提供了一种数据传输方法，应用于包括第一终端设备、接入网设备、第一转发设备、第一用户面功能UPF和第二UPF的通信系统中，该方法包括：第一转发设备接收第一数据包和第二数据包，第一数据包和第二数据包是通过接入网设备接收的、来自第一终端设备的数据包，或者，第一数据包和第二数据包是网络发送给第一终端设备的数据包；第一转发设备向第一UPF发送第一数据包，向第二UPF发送所述第二数据包，第一UPF和第二UPF均存在第一终端设备的PDU会话，并且第一UPF的该PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的该PDU会话的转发策略相同。In a first aspect, a data transmission method is provided, which is applied to a communication system including a first terminal device, an access network device, a first forwarding device, a first user plane function UPF and a second UPF, the method comprising: the first forwarding device receives a first data packet and a second data packet, the first data packet and the second data packet are data packets received from the first terminal device through the access network device, or the first data packet and the second data packet are data packets sent from the network to the first terminal device; the first forwarding device sends the first data packet to the first UPF, and sends the second data packet to the second UPF, the first UPF and the second UPF both have a PDU session of the first terminal device, and the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF.
本申请实施例的数据传输方法，由于第一UPF和第二UPF均存在第一终端设备的PDU会话，并且第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的PDU会话的转发策略相同，使第一UPF和第二UPF在UPF网元没有故障或UPF与其它设备之间的链路没有故障的情况下，均可以转发来自终端设备或数据网络侧设备的数据包，合理利用第一UPF和第二UPF的转发容量，整体提升转发容量，提高数据转发效率，提升用户体验感。The data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application, since both the first UPF and the second UPF have PDU sessions of the first terminal device, and the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF, the first UPF and the second UPF can forward data packets from the terminal device or the data network side device when there is no failure in the UPF network element or in the link between the UPF and other devices, and the forwarding capacity of the first UPF and the second UPF is reasonably utilized, thereby improving the forwarding capacity as a whole, improving data forwarding efficiency, and improving user experience.
应理解，第一UPF上的第一终端设备的PDU会话的建立方法可以是：第一终端设备可以通过第一接入网设备向核心网设备中的AMF发送PDU会话建立请求，AMF接收到来自第一终端设备的PDU会话建立请求后，选择SMF为第一终端设备提供会话服务，保存SMF与PDU会话的对应关系，并将会话建立请求发送至SMF，SMF为UE选择第一UPF，在第一UPF上建立第一终端设备的PDU会话，SMF向第一UPF的上述PDU会话下发各类数据包的转发策略，完成对第一UPF处理数据包的控制。It should be understood that the method for establishing the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF can be: the first terminal device can send a PDU session establishment request to the AMF in the core network device through the first access network device. After receiving the PDU session establishment request from the first terminal device, the AMF selects the SMF to provide session services for the first terminal device, saves the correspondence between the SMF and the PDU session, and sends the session establishment request to the SMF. The SMF selects the first UPF for the UE and establishes the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF. The SMF sends forwarding strategies for various types of data packets to the above-mentioned PDU session of the first UPF to complete the control of the first UPF processing data packets.
第二UPF上的第一终端设备的PDU会话的建立方法有两种。There are two methods for establishing a PDU session for the first terminal device on the second UPF.
一种方法：第二UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话建立的方法，与第一UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话建立的方法相同。A method: The method for establishing a PDU session of the first terminal device of the second UPF is the same as the method for establishing a PDU session of the first terminal device of the first UPF.
应理解，第二UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话建立时，第二UPF也可以接收来自SMF的各类数据包的转发策略，因此，第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的PDU会话的转发策略相同。It should be understood that when the PDU session of the first terminal device of the second UPF is established, the second UPF can also receive the forwarding strategy of various data packets from the SMF. Therefore, the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF.
另一种方法：第一UPF可以将第一UPF上的第一终端设备的PDU会话同步到第二UPF。Another method: The first UPF can synchronize the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF to the second UPF.
应理解，第一UPF和第二UPF可以是预设的结对的UPF，结对的UPF之间可以同步彼此存在的终端设备的PDU会话、组会话、会话状态、转发表项信息(例如MAC地址)等。It should be understood that the first UPF and the second UPF can be preset paired UPFs, and the paired UPFs can synchronize the PDU sessions, group sessions, session status, forwarding table entry information (such as MAC addresses), etc. of each other's terminal devices.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，通信系统还包括第二转发设备，第二转发设备为第一UPF的下一跳设备；上述方法还包括：第一UPF接收第一数据包；在第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障，和/或，第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一UPF通过第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the communication system also includes a second forwarding device, which is the next-hop device of the first UPF; the above method also includes: the first UPF receives a first data packet; when the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF fails, and/or the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device fails, the first UPF sends the first data packet to the second UPF via the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF.
应理解，绑定链路可以在第一UPF和第二UPF之间传递数据包、转发策略、转发表项信息等。It should be understood that the binding link can transfer data packets, forwarding strategies, forwarding table entry information, etc. between the first UPF and the second UPF.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在第一UPF通过第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，上述方法还包括：第一UPF查询是否存在第一数据包携带的隧道标识信息；若未查询到隧道标识信息，第一UPF确定第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, before the first UPF sends the first data packet to the second UPF through the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF, the above method also includes: the first UPF queries whether there is tunnel identification information carried by the first data packet; if no tunnel identification information is found, the first UPF determines that the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF fails.
应理解，在建立PDU会话的过程中，第一UPF为该PDU会话分配隧道标识信息，并通过其它核心网设备例如SMF、AMF发送给接入网设备。接入网设备接收到来自第一终端设备的第一数据包时，将该隧道标识信息与第一数据包进行封装。当封装后的第一数据包进入第一UPF时，第一UPF对封装后的第一数据包进行解封，得到该隧道标识信息，并在第一UPF中查询是否存在该隧道标识信息。若未查询到隧道标识信息，第一UPF确定第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障；若查询到隧道标识信息，第一UPF确定第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话未发生故障。It should be understood that in the process of establishing a PDU session, the first UPF allocates tunnel identification information for the PDU session and sends it to the access network device through other core network devices such as SMF and AMF. When the access network device receives the first data packet from the first terminal device, it encapsulates the tunnel identification information with the first data packet. When the encapsulated first data packet enters the first UPF, the first UPF unpacks the encapsulated first data packet, obtains the tunnel identification information, and queries the first UPF for whether the tunnel identification information exists. If the tunnel identification information is not found, the first UPF determines that the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF has failed; if the tunnel identification information is found, the first UPF determines that the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF has not failed.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在第一UPF通过第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，上述方法还包括：第一UPF向第二转发设备发送检测消息，检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二转发设备的响应消息，第一UPF确定第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, before the first UPF sends a first data packet to the second UPF through the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF, the above method also includes: the first UPF sends a detection message to the second forwarding device, and the detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second forwarding device within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that a link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device has failed.
应理解，若第一UPF在预设时长内接收到来自第二转发设备的响应消息，第一UPF确定第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路未发生故障。It should be understood that if the first UPF receives a response message from the second forwarding device within a preset time period, the first UPF determines that there is no failure in the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device.
本申请实施例的上述数据传输方法，通过判断PDU会话是否故障，以及链路故障检测，根据故障检测结果，适时调整数据包的转发路径，避免数据转发业务中断，提高转发效率。The above-mentioned data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application determines whether the PDU session is faulty and detects link faults. According to the fault detection results, the forwarding path of the data packet is adjusted in time to avoid interruption of data forwarding services and improve forwarding efficiency.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述方法还包括：在第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路发生故障，和/或，第一UPF发生故障的情况下，第一转发设备向第二UPF发送第一数据包。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the above method also includes: when a link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails, and/or when the first UPF fails, the first forwarding device sends a first data packet to the second UPF.
应理解，第一UPF发生故障会导致第一UPF的各个端口失去功能，第一UPF与其他设备间的链路也会发生故障。It should be understood that a failure of the first UPF may cause each port of the first UPF to lose functionality, and the link between the first UPF and other devices may also fail.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在第一转发设备向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，上述方法还包括：第一转发设备向第一UPF发送检测消息，检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一转发设备在预设时长内未接收到来自第一UPF的响应消息，第一转发设备确定第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路发生故障，和/或，第一UPF发生故障。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, before the first forwarding device sends the first data packet to the second UPF, the above method also includes: the first forwarding device sends a detection message to the first UPF, and the detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first forwarding device does not receive a response message from the first UPF within a preset time length, the first forwarding device determines that the link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails, and/or that the first UPF fails.
本申请实施例的上述数据传输方法，通过链路故障检测，并根据故障检测结果，适时调整数据包的转发路径，避免数据转发业务中断，提高转发效率。The above-mentioned data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application detects link faults and adjusts the forwarding path of the data packet in a timely manner according to the fault detection results, thereby avoiding interruption of data forwarding services and improving forwarding efficiency.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述方法还包括：在第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一UPF和第二UPF中的备UPF关闭备UPF和第一转发设备之间的链路的端口；第一转发设备向第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the above method also includes: when the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail, the standby UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF closes the port of the link between the standby UPF and the first forwarding device; the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF.
应理解，第一UPF和第二UPF分别向SMF上报状态参数信息，SMF根据第一UPF和第二UPF上报的状态参数信息决定第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF和备UPF，并将该结果发送给第一UPF和第二UPF。It should be understood that the first UPF and the second UPF report status parameter information to the SMF respectively, and the SMF determines the main UPF and the backup UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF based on the status parameter information reported by the first UPF and the second UPF, and sends the result to the first UPF and the second UPF.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在第一转发设备向第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包之前，上述方法还包括：第一UPF向第二UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，第一UPF确定所述绑定链路发生故障；第一UPF向第二UPF发送第二检测消息，第二检测消息用于进行网元故障检测；在第一UPF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息的情况下，第一UPF确定第二UPF未发生故障。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, before the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF, the above method also includes: the first UPF sends a first detection message to the second UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that the binding link has failed; the first UPF sends a second detection message to the second UPF, and the second detection message is used to perform network element fault detection; when the first UPF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that the second UPF has not failed.
应理解，第一UPF确定绑定链路发生故障，会立即触发第一UPF向第二UPF发送第二检测消息。还应理解，若第一UPF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，第一UPF确定绑定链路未发生故障。It should be understood that when the first UPF determines that the binding link fails, it will immediately trigger the first UPF to send a second detection message to the second UPF. It should also be understood that if the first UPF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time, the first UPF determines that the binding link has not failed.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，上述通信系统还包括会话管理功能SMF；在第一转发设备向第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包之前，上述方法还包括：第一UPF向第二UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，第一UPF确定绑定链路发生异常；第一UPF向SMF发送查询请求消息，查询请求消息用于请求进行第二UPF的故障查询；SMF向第二UPF发送故障查询消息；若SMF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，SMF确定绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障；SMF向第一UPF发送查询应答消息，查询应答消息用于表示绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the above-mentioned communication system also includes a session management function SMF; before the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF, the above-mentioned method also includes: the first UPF sends a first detection message to the second UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that an abnormality has occurred in the binding link; the first UPF sends a query request message to the SMF, and the query request message is used to request a fault query of the second UPF; the SMF sends a fault query message to the second UPF; if the SMF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the SMF determines that the binding link has failed and the second UPF has not failed; the SMF sends a query response message to the first UPF, and the query response message is used to indicate that the binding link has failed and the second UPF has not failed.
应理解，第一UPF通过N4接口向SMF发送查询请求消息，该查询请求消息携带绑定链路异常标识，SMF接收到该查询请求消息，依据该查询请求消息，通过N4接口向第二UPF发送故障查询消息，该故障查询消息携带绑定链路异常标识，该故障查询消息可以是心跳消息，若SMF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，SMF确定绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障，并将该结果以查询应答消息的方式通过N4接口发送至第一UPF。若SMF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，SMF确定第二UPF发生故障，并将该结果以查询应答消息的方式通过N4接口发送至第一UPF。It should be understood that the first UPF sends a query request message to the SMF through the N4 interface, and the query request message carries the binding link abnormality identifier. The SMF receives the query request message and sends a fault query message to the second UPF through the N4 interface based on the query request message. The fault query message carries the binding link abnormality identifier. The fault query message can be a heartbeat message. If the SMF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time, the SMF determines that the binding link fails and the second UPF does not fail, and sends the result to the first UPF through the N4 interface in the form of a query response message. If the SMF does not receive a response message from the second UPF within the preset time, the SMF determines that the second UPF fails, and sends the result to the first UPF through the N4 interface in the form of a query response message.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，在第一转发设备向第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包之前，上述方法还包括：第一转发设备向备UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；第一转发设备向第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包，包括：若第一转发设备在预设时长内未接收到来自备UPF的响应消息，所述第一转发设备向主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, before the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF, the above method also includes: the first forwarding device sends a first detection message to the backup UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF, including: if the first forwarding device does not receive a response message from the backup UPF within a preset time length, the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF.
本申请实施例的上述数据传输方法，通过链路故障检测和UPF故障检测，并根据故障检测结果，适时调整数据包的转发路径，避免数据转发业务中断，提高转发效率。The above-mentioned data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application detects link faults and UPF faults, and adjusts the forwarding path of the data packet in a timely manner according to the fault detection results, so as to avoid interruption of data forwarding services and improve forwarding efficiency.
结合第一方面，在第一方面的某些实现方式中，第一UPF为备UPF，上述方法还包括：第一转发设备接收来自接入网设备的信令消息；第一转发设备向第一UPF发送信令消息；第一UPF接收信令消息，并向第二UPF发送信令消息；第二UPF接收信令消息，并向第一转发设备发送响应消息；第一转发设备接收来自第二UPF的响应消息，并向接入网设备发送该来自第二UPF的响应消息。In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first UPF is a backup UPF, and the above method also includes: the first forwarding device receives a signaling message from an access network device; the first forwarding device sends a signaling message to the first UPF; the first UPF receives the signaling message and sends the signaling message to the second UPF; the second UPF receives the signaling message and sends a response message to the first forwarding device; the first forwarding device receives a response message from the second UPF, and sends the response message from the second UPF to the access network device.
第二方面，提供了另一种数据传输方法，该方法包括：第一UPF接收第一数据包，第一数据包是通过第一转发设备和接入网设备接收的、来自第一终端设备的数据包，或者，第一数据包是网络发送给第一终端设备的数据包；在第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障，和/或，第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一UPF通过绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包，绑定链路为第一UPF和第二UPF之间的链路，第二转发设备为第一UPF的下一跳设备，第一UPF和第二UPF均存在第一终端设备的PDU会话，并且第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的PDU会话的转发策略相同。In a second aspect, another data transmission method is provided, the method comprising: a first UPF receives a first data packet, the first data packet is a data packet received from a first terminal device through a first forwarding device and an access network device, or the first data packet is a data packet sent from the network to the first terminal device; when a PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF fails, and/or a link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device fails, the first UPF sends the first data packet to the second UPF via a binding link, the binding link is a link between the first UPF and the second UPF, the second forwarding device is the next-hop device of the first UPF, the first UPF and the second UPF both have a PDU session of the first terminal device, and the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第一UPF通过绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，该方法还包括：第一UPF查询是否存在第一数据包携带的隧道标识信息；若未查询到隧道标识信息，第一UPF确定第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障。In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, before the first UPF sends the first data packet to the second UPF through a binding link, the method also includes: the first UPF queries whether there is tunnel identification information carried by the first data packet; if no tunnel identification information is found, the first UPF determines that the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF fails.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，在第一UPF通过绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，该方法还包括：第一UPF向第二转发设备发送检测消息，检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自所述第二转发设备的响应消息，第一UPF确定第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障。In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, before the first UPF sends a first data packet to the second UPF through a bound link, the method also includes: the first UPF sends a detection message to the second forwarding device, and the detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second forwarding device within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that a link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device has failed.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第一UPF为备UPF，该方法还包括：在第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一UPF关闭备UPF和第一转发设备之间的链路的端口。In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first UPF is a standby UPF, and the method also includes: when a binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail, the first UPF closes the port of the link between the standby UPF and the first forwarding device.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一UPF向第二UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，第一UPF确定绑定链路发生故障；第一UPF向第二UPF发送第二检测消息，第二检测消息用于进行网元故障检测；在第一UPF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息的情况下，第一UPF确定第二UPF未发生故障。In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: the first UPF sends a first detection message to the second UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that a binding link fault has occurred; the first UPF sends a second detection message to the second UPF, and the second detection message is used to perform network element fault detection; when the first UPF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that the second UPF has not failed.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，该方法还包括：第一UPF向第二UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，第一UPF确定绑定链路发生异常；第一UPF向SMF发送查询请求消息，查询请求消息用于请求进行第二UPF的故障查询；第一UPF接收来自SMF的查询应答消息，查询应答消息用于表示绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障。In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the method also includes: the first UPF sends a first detection message to the second UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that an abnormality has occurred in the binding link; the first UPF sends a query request message to the SMF, and the query request message is used to request a fault query of the second UPF; the first UPF receives a query response message from the SMF, and the query response message is used to indicate that a fault has occurred in the binding link and the second UPF has not failed.
结合第二方面，在第二方面的某些实现方式中，第一UPF为备UPF，该方法还包括：第一UPF通过第一转发设备接收来自接入网设备的信令消息；第一UPF向第二UPF发送信令消息。In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first UPF is a standby UPF, and the method also includes: the first UPF receives a signaling message from an access network device through a first forwarding device; and the first UPF sends a signaling message to the second UPF.
第三方面，提供了一种数据传输装置，用于执行上述第一方面或第二方面中任一种可能的实现方式中的方法。具体地，该装置包括用于执行上述第一方面或第二方面中任一种可能的实现方式中的方法的模块。In a third aspect, a data transmission device is provided, which is used to execute the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect. Specifically, the device includes a module for executing the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.
在一种设计中，该装置可以包括执行上述第一方面或第二方面中所描述的方法/操作/步骤/动作所一一对应的模块，该模块可以是硬件电路，也可以是软件，也可以是硬件电路结合软件实现。In one design, the device may include a module that executes the methods/operations/steps/actions described in the first aspect or the second aspect above, and the module may be a hardware circuit, software, or a combination of hardware circuit and software.
在另一种设计中，该装置为通信芯片，通信芯片可以包括用于发送消息或数据的输入电路或者接口，以及用于接收信息或数据的输出电路或者接口。In another design, the device is a communication chip, which may include an input circuit or interface for sending messages or data, and an output circuit or interface for receiving messages or data.
在另一种设计中，该装置可以为通信设备，通信设备可以包括用于发送消息或数据的发射机，以及用于接收信息或数据的接收机。In another design, the apparatus may be a communication device, which may include a transmitter for sending messages or data and a receiver for receiving messages or data.
第四方面，提供了另一种数据传输装置，包括处理器和存储器。该处理器用于读取存储器中存储的指令，并可通过接收器接收信号，通过发射器发射信号，以执行上述第一方面或第二方面中的任一种可能实现方式中的方法。In a fourth aspect, another data transmission device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory. The processor is used to read instructions stored in the memory, and can receive signals through a receiver and transmit signals through a transmitter to execute the method in any possible implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.
可选地，处理器为一个或多个，存储器为一个或多个。Optionally, there are one or more processors and one or more memories.
可选地，存储器可以与处理器集成在一起，或者存储器与处理器分离设置。Optionally, the memory may be integrated with the processor, or the memory may be provided separately from the processor.
在具体实现过程中，存储器可以为非瞬时性(non-transitory)存储器，例如只读存储器(read only memory，ROM)，其可以与处理器集成在同一块芯片上，也可以分别设置在不同的芯片上，本申请实施例对存储器的类型以及存储器与处理器的设置方式不做限定。In the specific implementation process, the memory can be a non-transitory memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM), which can be integrated with the processor on the same chip or can be set on different chips respectively. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the type of memory and the setting method of the memory and the processor.
应理解，相关的数据交互过程例如发送指示信息可以为从处理器输出指示信息的过程，接收能力信息可以为处理器接收输入能力信息的过程。具体地，处理输出的数据可以输出给发射器，处理器接收的输入数据可以来自接收器。其中，发射器和接收器可以统称为收发器。It should be understood that the relevant data interaction process, such as sending indication information, can be a process of outputting indication information from a processor, and receiving capability information can be a process of receiving input capability information from a processor. Specifically, the processed output data can be output to a transmitter, and the input data received by the processor can come from a receiver. Among them, the transmitter and the receiver can be collectively referred to as a transceiver.
上述第四方面中的数据传输装置可以是一个芯片，该处理器可以通过硬件来实现也可以通过软件来实现，当通过硬件实现时，该处理器可以是逻辑电路、集成电路等；当通过软件来实现时，该处理器可以是一个通用处理器，通过读取存储器中存储的软件代码来实现，该存储器可以集成在处理器中，可以位于该处理器之外，独立存在。The data transmission device in the fourth aspect mentioned above can be a chip, and the processor can be implemented by hardware or by software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc.; when implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor, which is implemented by reading the software code stored in the memory. The memory can be integrated in the processor, or can be located outside the processor and exist independently.
第五方面，提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质存储有计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当其在计算机上运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第二方面中的任一种可能实现方式中的方法。In a fifth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, which stores a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions). When the computer-readable storage medium is run on a computer, the computer executes a method in any possible implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.
第六方面，提供了一种计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品包括：计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当计算机程序被运行时，使得计算机执行上述第一方面或第二方面中的任一种可能实现方式中的方法。In a sixth aspect, a computer program product is provided, which includes: a computer program (also referred to as code, or instruction), which, when executed, enables a computer to execute a method in any possible implementation of the first aspect or the second aspect.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是本申请实施例的一种网络架构的示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture according to an embodiment of the present application;
图2是一种转发数据包的示意性流程图；FIG2 is a schematic flow chart of forwarding a data packet;
图3是另一种转发数据包的示意性流程图；FIG3 is a schematic flow chart of another method for forwarding a data packet;
图4是转发数据包的场景示意；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a scenario of forwarding a data packet;
图5是通信系统的组网方式示意图；FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a communication system networking method;
图6是本申请实施例提供的一种应用场景示意图；FIG6 is a schematic diagram of an application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图7是本申请实施例提供的另一种应用场景示意图；FIG7 is a schematic diagram of another application scenario provided by an embodiment of the present application;
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种数据传输方法的示意性流程图；FIG8 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图9是本申请实施例提供的一种数据包转发路径示意图；FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a data packet forwarding path provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图10是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据包转发路径示意图；FIG10 is a schematic diagram of another data packet forwarding path provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图11是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据传输方法的示意性流程图；FIG11 is a schematic flow chart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图12是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据包转发路径示意图；FIG12 is a schematic diagram of another data packet forwarding path provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图13是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据包转发路径示意图；FIG13 is a schematic diagram of another data packet forwarding path provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图14是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据传输方法的示意性流程图；FIG14 is a schematic flow chart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图15是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据包转发路径示意图；FIG15 is a schematic diagram of another data packet forwarding path provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图16是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据传输方法的示意性流程图；FIG16 is a schematic flow chart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图17是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据传输方法的示意性流程图；FIG17 is a schematic flow chart of another data transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图18是本申请实施例提供的一种信令消息传输方法的示意性流程图；FIG18 is a schematic flow chart of a signaling message transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图19是本申请实施例提供的另一种信令消息传输方法的示意性流程图；FIG19 is a schematic flow chart of another signaling message transmission method provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图20是本申请实施例提供的一种数据传输装置的示意性框图；FIG20 is a schematic block diagram of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
图21是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据传输装置的示意性框图。FIG. 21 is a schematic block diagram of another data transmission device provided in an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图，对本申请中的技术方案进行描述。The technical solution in this application will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
在本申请的实施例中，采用了“第一”、“第二”等字样对功能和作用基本相同的相同项或相似项进行区分。例如，第一芯片和第二芯片仅仅是为了区分不同的芯片，并不对其先后顺序进行限定。本领域技术人员可以理解“第一”、“第二”等字样并不对数量和执行次序进行限定，并且“第一”、“第二”等字样也并不限定一定不同。In the embodiments of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish the same or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. For example, the first chip and the second chip are only used to distinguish different chips, and their order is not limited. Those skilled in the art can understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit them to be different.
需要说明的是，本申请实施例中，“示例性地”或者“例如”等词用于表示作例子、例证或说明。本申请中被描述为“示例性地”或者“例如”的任何实施例或设计方案不应被解释为比其他实施例或设计方案更优选或更具优势。确切而言，使用“示例性地”或者“例如”等词旨在以具体方式呈现相关概念。It should be noted that in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplarily" or "for example" in the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of words such as "exemplarily" or "for example" is intended to present related concepts in a specific way.
本申请实施例中，“至少一个”是指一个或者多个，“多个”是指两个或两个以上。“和/或”，描述关联对象的关联关系，表示可以存在三种关系，例如，A和/或B，可以表示：单独存在A，同时存在A和B，单独存在B的情况，其中A，B可以是单数或者复数。字符“/”一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。“以下至少一项(个)”或其类似表达，是指的这些项中的任意组合，包括单项(个)或复数项(个)的任意组合。例如，a，b，或c中的至少一项(个)，可以表示：a，b，c，a-b，a--c，b-c，或a-b-c，其中a，b，c可以是单个，也可以是多个。In the embodiments of the present application, "at least one" refers to one or more, and "plurality" refers to two or more. "And/or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and/or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refers to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one of a, b, or c can represent: a, b, c, a-b, a--c, b-c, or a-b-c, where a, b, c can be single or multiple.
本申请实施例的网络架构包括终端设备、接入网设备、核心网设备和数据网络。The network architecture of the embodiment of the present application includes terminal equipment, access network equipment, core network equipment and a data network.
本申请实施例中的终端设备也可以称为：用户设备(user equipment，UE)、移动台(mobile station，MS)、移动终端(mobile terminal，MT)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置等。The terminal device in the embodiments of the present application may also be referred to as: user equipment (UE), mobile station (MS), mobile terminal (MT), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device, etc.
终端设备可以是一种向用户提供语音/数据连通性的设备，例如，具有无线连接功能的手持式设备、车载设备等。目前，一些终端的举例为：手机(mobile phone)、平板电脑、笔记本电脑、掌上电脑、移动互联网设备(mobile internet device，MID)、可穿戴设备，虚拟现实(virtual reality，VR)设备、增强现实(augmented reality，AR)设备、工业控制(industrial control)中的无线终端、无人驾驶(self driving)中的无线终端、远程手术(remote medical surgery)中的无线终端、智能电网(smart grid)中的无线终端、运输安全(transportation safety)中的无线终端、智慧城市(smart city)中的无线终端、智慧家庭(smart home)中的无线终端、蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(session initiationprotocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(wireless local loop，WLL)站、个人数字助理(personal digital assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备，5G网络中的终端设备或者未来演进的公共陆地移动网络(public land mobile network，PLMN)中的终端设备等，本申请实施例对此并不限定。The terminal device may be a device that provides voice/data connectivity to users, such as a handheld device or vehicle-mounted device with wireless connection function. At present, some examples of terminals are: mobile phones, tablet computers, laptop computers, PDAs, mobile internet devices (MID), wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self driving, wireless terminals in remote medical surgery, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, cellular phones, cordless phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices or other processing devices connected to wireless modems, vehicle-mounted devices, wearable devices, terminal devices in 5G networks or future evolved public land mobile networks (PLMNs). The embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
作为示例而非限定，在本申请实施例中，该终端设备还可以是可穿戴设备。可穿戴设备也可以称为穿戴式智能设备，是应用穿戴式技术对日常穿戴进行智能化设计、开发出可以穿戴的设备的总称，如眼镜、手套、手表、服饰及鞋等。可穿戴设备即直接穿在身上，或是整合到用户的衣服或配件的一种便携式设备。可穿戴设备不仅仅是一种硬件设备，更是通过软件支持以及数据交互、云端交互来实现强大的功能。广义穿戴式智能设备包括功能全、尺寸大、可不依赖智能手机实现完整或者部分的功能，例如：智能手表或智能眼镜等，以及只专注于某一类应用功能，需要和其它设备如智能手机配合使用，如各类进行体征监测的智能手环、智能首饰等。As an example but not limitation, in the embodiments of the present application, the terminal device may also be a wearable device. Wearable devices may also be referred to as wearable smart devices, which are a general term for wearable devices that are intelligently designed and developed using wearable technology for daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. A wearable device is a portable device that is worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothes or accessories. Wearable devices are not only hardware devices, but also powerful functions achieved through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include full-featured, large-sized, and fully or partially independent of smartphones, such as smart watches or smart glasses, as well as devices that only focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in conjunction with other devices such as smartphones, such as various types of smart bracelets and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.
此外，在本申请实施例中，终端设备还可以是物联网(internet of things，IoT)系统中的终端设备，IoT是未来信息技术发展的重要组成部分，其主要技术特点是将物品通过通信技术与网络连接，从而实现人机互连，物物互连的智能化网络。In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, the terminal device may also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important part of the future development of information technology. Its main technical feature is to connect objects to the network through communication technology, thereby realizing an intelligent network that interconnects people and machines and things.
另外，本申请实施例中的接入网设备(access network，AN)可以是用于与终端设备通信的设备，该接入网设备也可称为无线接入网设备(radio access network，RAN)，可以是传输接收点(transmission reception point，TRP)，还可以是LTE系统中的演进型基站(evolved NodeB，eNB或eNodeB)，还可以是家庭基站(例如，home evolved nodeB，或homenode B，HNB)、基带单元(base band unit，BBU)，还可以是云无线接入网络(cloud radioaccess network，CRAN)场景下的无线控制器，或者该接入网设备可以为中继站、接入点、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及5G网络中的网络设备或者未来演进的PLMN网络中的网络设备等，可以是WLAN中的接入点(access point，AP),可以是新型无线(new radio，NR)系统中的gNB，可以是卫星通信系统中的卫星基站等，本申请实施例并不限定。In addition, the access network device (AN) in the embodiment of the present application may be a device for communicating with a terminal device. The access network device may also be referred to as a radio access network device (RAN), may be a transmission reception point (TRP), may be an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, may be a home base station (for example, home evolved nodeB, or homenode B, HNB), a baseband unit (BBU), or a wireless controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario, or the access network device may be a relay station, an access point, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a network device in a 5G network, or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, etc., may be an access point (AP) in a WLAN, may be a gNB in a new radio (NR) system, may be a satellite base station in a satellite communication system, etc., and the embodiment of the present application is not limited.
在一种网络结构中，接入网设备可以包括集中单元(centralized unit，CU)节点、或分布单元(distributed unit，DU)节点、或包括CU节点和DU节点的RAN设备、或者控制面CU节点(CU-CP节点)和用户面CU节点(CU-UP节点)以及DU节点的RAN设备。In a network structure, the access network device may include a centralized unit (CU) node, or a distributed unit (DU) node, or a RAN device including a CU node and a DU node, or a RAN device including a control plane CU node (CU-CP node) and a user plane CU node (CU-UP node) and a DU node.
接入网设备为小区提供服务，终端设备通过接入网设备分配的传输资源(例如，频域资源，或者说，频谱资源)与小区进行通信，该小区可以属于宏基站(例如，宏eNB或宏gNB等)，也可以属于小小区(small cell)对应的基站，这里的小小区可以包括：城市小区(metro cell)、微小区(micro cell)、微微小区(pico cell)、毫微微小区(femto cell)等，这些小小区具有覆盖范围小、发射功率低的特点，适用于提供高速率的数据传输服务。The access network equipment provides services for the cell, and the terminal equipment communicates with the cell through the transmission resources (for example, frequency domain resources, or spectrum resources) allocated by the access network equipment. The cell can belong to a macro base station (for example, macro eNB or macro gNB, etc.), or it can belong to a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cell here may include: metro cell, micro cell, pico cell, femto cell, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of small coverage and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.
本申请实施例的核心网设备负责维护移动网络的签约数据、管理移动网络的网元，并为终端设备提供会话管理、移动性管理、策略管理、安全认证等功能。例如，在终端设备附着的时候，为终端设备提供入网认证；在终端设备有业务请求时，为终端设备分配网络资源；在终端设备移动的时候，为终端设备更新网络资源；在终端设备空闲的时候，为终端设备提供快恢复机制；在终端设备去附着的时候，为终端设备释放网络资源；在终端设备有业务数据时，为终端设备提供数据路由功能，如转发上行数据到DN，或者从DN接收下行数据并转发到AN。上行数据为终端设备发往其它终端设备或DN的数据，下行数据反之。The core network device of the embodiment of the present application is responsible for maintaining the subscription data of the mobile network, managing the network elements of the mobile network, and providing session management, mobility management, policy management, security authentication and other functions for the terminal device. For example, when the terminal device is attached, it provides network access authentication for the terminal device; when the terminal device has a service request, it allocates network resources for the terminal device; when the terminal device moves, it updates network resources for the terminal device; when the terminal device is idle, it provides a fast recovery mechanism for the terminal device; when the terminal device detaches, it releases network resources for the terminal device; when the terminal device has service data, it provides data routing functions for the terminal device, such as forwarding uplink data to DN, or receiving downlink data from DN and forwarding it to AN. Uplink data is data sent by the terminal device to other terminal devices or DN, and downlink data is the opposite.
本申请实施例的数据网络DN为用于提供传输数据的网络，例如Internet网络等。The data network DN in the embodiment of the present application is a network used to provide data transmission, such as the Internet network.
图1为本申请的网络架构100的示意图，该网络架构100包括UE、(R)AN、UPF网元、接入和移动性管理功能(access and mobility management function，AMF)网元、会话管理功能(session management function，SMF)网元、策略控制功能(policy controlfunction，PCF)网元、应用功能(application function，AF)网元、统一数据管理(unifieddata management，UDM)网元、统一数据仓库功能(unified data repository，UDR)网元以及DN。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the network architecture 100 of the present application, which includes UE, (R)AN, UPF network element, access and mobility management function (AMF) network element, session management function (SMF) network element, policy control function (PCF) network element, application function (AF) network element, unified data management (UDM) network element, unified data repository function (UDR) network element and DN.
下面对图1所示的网络架构100中各网元的功能进行详细介绍。由于UE、(R)AN以及DN的相关功能描述在前文中已经介绍，下面重点介绍各核心网网元的功能。The functions of each network element in the network architecture 100 shown in Figure 1 are described in detail below. Since the relevant functions of UE, (R)AN and DN have been described in the previous text, the functions of each core network element are mainly described below.
UPF网元：用户面功能实体。作为和数据网络的接口，UPF网元完成用户面数据转发、基于会话/流级的计费统计、宽带限制等功能。具体地，UPF网元可以根据SMF网元的路由规则执行用户数据包转发，如上行数据发送到DN或其他UPF网元；下行数据转发到其他UPF网元或者(R)AN。UPF network element: User plane functional entity. As an interface with the data network, the UPF network element completes functions such as user plane data forwarding, session/flow-level billing statistics, and bandwidth limitation. Specifically, the UPF network element can perform user data packet forwarding according to the routing rules of the SMF network element, such as sending uplink data to DN or other UPF network elements; and forwarding downlink data to other UPF network elements or (R)AN.
AMF网元：主要用于移动性管理和接入管理等。具体地，AMF网元可以用于对UE进行移动性管理、接入鉴权/授权等功能，此外，还负责在UE和PCF网元之间传递用户策略。UE与AMF网元可以通过N1非接入层(non-access stratum，NAS)消息进行通信，也可以通过(R)AN的N2消息进行中转。(R)AN与AMF网元通过N2消息进行通信。AMF network element: Mainly used for mobility management and access management. Specifically, the AMF network element can be used to perform mobility management, access authentication/authorization and other functions for the UE. In addition, it is also responsible for transmitting user policies between the UE and the PCF network element. The UE and the AMF network element can communicate through the N1 non-access stratum (NAS) message, or through the (R)AN's N2 message. The (R)AN and the AMF network element communicate through the N2 message.
SMF网元：主要用于会话管理、终端设备的网络互连协议(Internet Protocol，IP)地址分配和管理、选择可管理用户平面功能、策略控制、或收费功能接口的终结点以及下行数据通知等。SMF network element: mainly used for session management, allocation and management of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for terminal devices, selection of endpoints for manageable user plane functions, policy control, or charging function interfaces, and downlink data notification.
PCF网元：为控制平面功能网元(例如AMF网元、SMF网元等)提供策略规则信息等。PCF network element: provides policy rule information to control plane functional network elements (such as AMF network elements, SMF network elements, etc.).
AF网元：主要传递应用侧对网络侧的需求，例如，服务质量(quality of service，QoS)需求或用户状态事件订阅等。AF网元可以是第三方功能实体，也可以是运营商部署的应用服务，如IMS语音呼叫业务。对于第三方应用的应用功能实体，其与核心网进行交互时还可经由网元功能(network element function，NEF)网元进行授权处理，例如第三方应用功能直接向NEF网元发送请求消息，NEF网元判断该AF网元是否被允许发送该请求消息，若验证通过，则将转发该请求消息至对应PCF网元或UDM网元。AF network element: mainly transmits the requirements of the application side to the network side, such as quality of service (QoS) requirements or user status event subscriptions. The AF network element can be a third-party functional entity or an application service deployed by an operator, such as an IMS voice call service. For the application functional entity of a third-party application, when it interacts with the core network, it can also be authorized by the network element function (NEF) network element. For example, the third-party application function directly sends a request message to the NEF network element. The NEF network element determines whether the AF network element is allowed to send the request message. If the verification is successful, the request message will be forwarded to the corresponding PCF network element or UDM network element.
UDM网元：主要负责管理签约数据、用户接入授权等功能。UDM network element: mainly responsible for managing contract data, user access authorization and other functions.
UDR网元：主要负责签约数据、策略数据、应用数据等类型数据的存取功能。UDR network element: mainly responsible for the storage and access functions of contract data, policy data, application data and other types of data.
为了便于描述，下文中UPF网元、AMF网元、SMF网元、PCF网元、AF网元、UDM网元和UDR网元，简称为：UPF、AMF、SMF、PCF、AF、UDM和UDR。For the convenience of description, the UPF network element, AMF network element, SMF network element, PCF network element, AF network element, UDM network element and UDR network element are referred to as: UPF, AMF, SMF, PCF, AF, UDM and UDR.
在该网络架构100中，N1接口为UE与AMF之间的信令面接口，用于核心网与UE之间交换信令消息，如UE注册入网、UE建立PDU会话、网络侧配置UE策略等。In the network architecture 100, the N1 interface is the signaling plane interface between the UE and the AMF, which is used to exchange signaling messages between the core network and the UE, such as UE registration, UE establishment of PDU session, network side configuration of UE policy, etc.
N2接口为(R)AN和AMF之间的接口，用于传递核心网至(R)AN的无线承载控制信息等。The N2 interface is the interface between the (R)AN and the AMF, and is used to transmit wireless bearer control information from the core network to the (R)AN.
N3接口为(R)AN和UPF之间的接口，用于在(R)AN和UPF之间传递用户面业务数据等。The N3 interface is the interface between the (R)AN and the UPF, and is used to transmit user plane service data, etc. between the (R)AN and the UPF.
N4接口为SMF和UPF之间的接口，用于控制面与用户面之间传递信息，用于传输例如N3连接的隧道标识信息、数据缓存指示信息、以及下行数据通知消息等信息，以及控制面终端设备根据与运营商的签约信息完成入网操作。The N4 interface is the interface between SMF and UPF, used to transmit information between the control plane and the user plane, for example, for transmitting information such as tunnel identification information of the N3 connection, data cache indication information, and downlink data notification messages, as well as for the control plane terminal equipment to complete the network access operation according to the contract information with the operator.
N6接口为UPF和DN之间的接口，用于在UPF和DN之间传递UE业务数据。The N6 interface is the interface between UPF and DN, and is used to transfer UE service data between UPF and DN.
N7接口为SMF和PCF之间的接口，用于下发PDU会话粒度以及业务数据流粒度控制策略。The N7 interface is the interface between the SMF and the PCF, and is used to deliver PDU session granularity and service data flow granularity control policies.
N8接口为AMF和UDM之间的接口，用于AMF向UDM获取接入与移动性管理相关签约数据与鉴权数据，以及AMF向UDM注册UE当前移动性管理相关信息等。The N8 interface is the interface between AMF and UDM, which is used by AMF to obtain access and mobility management-related subscription data and authentication data from UDM, and AMF to register UE's current mobility management-related information with UDM.
N10接口为SMF与UDM之间的接口，用于SMF向UDM获取会话管理相关签约数据，以及SMF向UDM注册UE当前会话相关信息等。The N10 interface is the interface between SMF and UDM, which is used by SMF to obtain session management-related subscription data from UDM, and for SMF to register UE current session-related information with UDM.
N11接口为AMF与SMF之间的接口，用于传递(R)AN和UPF之间的PDU会话隧道信息、传递发送给UE的控制消息、传递发送给(R)AN的无线资源控制信息等。The N11 interface is the interface between AMF and SMF, which is used to transmit PDU session tunnel information between (R)AN and UPF, transmit control messages sent to UE, transmit wireless resource control information sent to (R)AN, etc.
5G网络为UE和DN提供数据交换服务，该服务又称为PDU连接服务。UE通过向移动网络发起PDU会话建立请求获得PDU连接服务。网络侧通过为UE维护PDU会话以提供PDU连接服务。The 5G network provides data exchange services for UE and DN, which is also called PDU connection service. The UE obtains the PDU connection service by initiating a PDU session establishment request to the mobile network. The network side provides the PDU connection service by maintaining the PDU session for the UE.
如图1所示，UE、(R)AN、UPF和DN组成了UE和DN之间的业务数据交换路径，该路径为UE在移动网络中的数据业务路径，也称为数据面路径。为实现UE与DN之间的数据交换，UE需要使用移动网络提供的PDU连接服务，建立基于数据网络名(data network name，DNN)的PDU会话，该建立过程为信令面流程。PDU会话的建立包括两个基本过程：UE向移动网络注册入网流程、UE向移动网络请求建立PDU会话流程，这两个过程属于UE与移动网络的信令面交互流程。PDU会话建立涉及的主要网元包括：UE、(R)AN、AMF、SMF、UDM、PCF和UPF。As shown in Figure 1, UE, (R)AN, UPF and DN constitute the service data exchange path between UE and DN. This path is the data service path of UE in the mobile network, also known as the data plane path. In order to realize data exchange between UE and DN, UE needs to use the PDU connection service provided by the mobile network to establish a PDU session based on the data network name (DNN). This establishment process is the signaling plane process. The establishment of a PDU session includes two basic processes: the process of UE registering with the mobile network and the process of UE requesting the mobile network to establish a PDU session. These two processes belong to the signaling plane interaction process between UE and the mobile network. The main network elements involved in the establishment of a PDU session include: UE, (R)AN, AMF, SMF, UDM, PCF and UPF.
5G网络现在支持三种会话类型：IP会话(IPv4，IPv6)，以太会话，下面以IP会话为例，介绍PDU会话的建立过程。5G networks now support three types of sessions: IP sessions (IPv4, IPv6) and Ethernet sessions. The following takes IP sessions as an example to introduce the process of establishing PDU sessions.
通用的UE注册入网流程可描述为：UE通过(R)AN发送注册请求至AMF，AMF根据用户标识向特定UDM获取签约数据。此外，AMF还可向PCF发起用户策略控制建立请求及接入管理策略控制建立请求，分别用于获取UE策略及接入控制策略。PCF在该过程中返回接入控制策略至AMF。AMF响应UE注册请求，并向UE下发相关策略信息，UE完成网络注册驻留。网络侧AMF维护UE的注册入网信息，对UE进行移动性管理。The general UE registration and network access process can be described as follows: the UE sends a registration request to the AMF through the (R)AN, and the AMF obtains the contract data from the specific UDM based on the user identity. In addition, the AMF can also initiate a user policy control establishment request and an access management policy control establishment request to the PCF, which are used to obtain the UE policy and access control policy, respectively. The PCF returns the access control policy to the AMF during this process. The AMF responds to the UE registration request and sends relevant policy information to the UE, and the UE completes the network registration and residence. The network-side AMF maintains the UE's registration and network access information and performs mobility management on the UE.
UE完成注册入网流程后，可发起PDU会话建立请求，获取网络的PDU连接服务。通用的PDU会话建立流程可描述为：UE通过(R)AN发送PDU会话建立请求到AMF，AMF选择SMF为UE提供会话服务，保存SMF与PDU会话的对应关系，并将会话建立请求发送至SMF，SMF为UE选择相应UPF并建立用户面传输路径，并为UE分配IP地址。在此过程中，SMF还将向PCF发起策略控制会话建立请求，用于在SMF和PCF间建立策略控制会话，在策略控制会话建立过程中，SMF将保存策略控制会话与PDU会话间的对应关系。After the UE completes the registration and network access process, it can initiate a PDU session establishment request to obtain the network's PDU connection service. The general PDU session establishment process can be described as follows: the UE sends a PDU session establishment request to the AMF through the (R)AN, the AMF selects the SMF to provide session services for the UE, saves the correspondence between the SMF and the PDU session, and sends the session establishment request to the SMF. The SMF selects the corresponding UPF for the UE and establishes a user plane transmission path, and allocates an IP address to the UE. During this process, the SMF will also initiate a policy control session establishment request to the PCF to establish a policy control session between the SMF and the PCF. During the policy control session establishment process, the SMF will save the correspondence between the policy control session and the PDU session.
在对UE进行PDU会话管理过程中，SMF通过N4接口与UPF交互，控制UPF创建、修改、删除相应的UE N4会话(N4 session/PFCP session)实现对UPF处理数据报文的控制。SMF对UPF内的UE N4会话下发各类数据包处理规则完成对UPF处理数据包的控制。UPF收到外部数据报文后，根据SMF下发的数据包检测规则(packet detection rule，PDR)进报文匹配，根据转发动作规则(forwarding action rule，FAR)进行报文转发。In the process of UE PDU session management, SMF interacts with UPF through N4 interface to control UPF to create, modify and delete corresponding UE N4 session (N4 session/PFCP session) to control UPF processing data packets. SMF issues various data packet processing rules to UE N4 session in UPF to complete the control of UPF processing data packets. After receiving external data packets, UPF matches the packets according to the packet detection rule (PDR) issued by SMF and forwards the packets according to the forwarding action rule (FAR).
下面对PDR、FAR进行简要介绍:The following is a brief introduction to PDR and FAR:
PDR由SMF进行PDU会话管理过程中下发给UPF，UPF根据SMF下发的PDR执行对应的数据包匹配规则，并由此获得对应的FAR完成数据包转发。一个PDR内包含一个包检测信息(packet detection information，PDI)参数，PDI参数包含一个或若干个匹配字段，用于与UPF收到的数据报文进行匹配，识别报文，完成数据报文与N4会话的关联。SMF向UPF提供的PDI信息主要如下：The PDR is sent to the UPF by the SMF during the PDU session management process. The UPF executes the corresponding data packet matching rules according to the PDR sent by the SMF, and obtains the corresponding FAR to complete the data packet forwarding. A PDR contains a packet detection information (PDI) parameter. The PDI parameter contains one or more matching fields, which are used to match the data message received by the UPF, identify the message, and complete the association between the data message and the N4 session. The PDI information provided by the SMF to the UPF is mainly as follows:
1、数据报文入口(source interface)。1. Data message entry (source interface).
2、对入口报文进行匹配的一系列参数，如：隧道端点，网络实例，UE IP地址，业务数据流过滤器或应用身份标识(identity document，ID)等。2. A series of parameters for matching the ingress message, such as tunnel endpoint, network instance, UE IP address, service data flow filter or application identity document (ID).
UPF收到一个数据报文后，将数据报文头各字段与PDR内PDI定义的参数项进行匹配，找到报文归属的N4会话以及N4会话内与数据报文具有最高优先级匹配的PDR规则完成报文匹配。完成PDR匹配后，PDR包含相应的FAR指示，UPF将根据FAR指示完成数据报文转发。After receiving a data message, UPF matches each field of the data message header with the parameter items defined by PDI in PDR, finds the N4 session to which the message belongs and the PDR rule in N4 session that matches the data message with the highest priority to complete the message matching. After completing the PDR matching, PDR contains the corresponding FAR indication, and UPF will complete the data message forwarding according to the FAR indication.
FAR主要通过如下信息指示UPF进行数据报文处理。FAR mainly instructs UPF to process data messages through the following information.
1、应用动作参数(apply action parameter)，该参数用于指示UPF是否需要对报文进行转发、复制、丢弃，或以通知或不通知控制面(如SMF)的方式缓存下行报文，或指示UPF是否允许UE加入IP组播组1. Apply action parameter, which is used to indicate whether the UPF needs to forward, copy, or discard the message, or cache the downlink message by notifying or notifying the control plane (such as SMF), or indicate whether the UPF allows the UE to join the IP multicast group
2、转发、缓存、复制参数，当应用动作指示UPF对数据包进行转发、缓存或复制时，UPF需要使用这些参数。2. Forwarding, caching, and replication parameters. When the application action instructs UPF to forward, cache, or replicate data packets, UPF needs to use these parameters.
下面结合图2详细介绍上下行数据进入UPF接口，UPF根据规则匹配完成数据包转发流程：The following is a detailed description of the uplink and downlink data entering the UPF interface in conjunction with Figure 2. UPF completes the packet forwarding process according to the rule matching:
如图2所示，箭头从左向右为UE上行数据的转发流程。As shown in FIG. 2 , the arrows from left to right represent the forwarding process of UE uplink data.
UE上行数据通过RAN到达UPF的N3接口，通过匹配上行数据源端口、全量隧道端点标识(full qualified tunnel endpoint identifier，F-TEID)获得源UE N4会话，根据上行数据目的IP进行PDR匹配，PDR对应相应的FAR指示，完成PDR匹配后，UPF将根据FAR指示的转发规则完成上行数据的转发。The UE uplink data reaches the N3 interface of UPF through RAN, and the source UE N4 session is obtained by matching the uplink data source port and the full qualified tunnel endpoint identifier (F-TEID). PDR matching is performed according to the destination IP of the uplink data. The PDR corresponds to the corresponding FAR indication. After completing the PDR matching, UPF will complete the forwarding of the uplink data according to the forwarding rules indicated by the FAR.
如图2所示，箭头从右向左为DN下行数据的转发流程。As shown in FIG2 , the arrows from right to left represent the forwarding process of DN downstream data.
DN下行数据通过N6口进入UPF，通过匹配下行数据源端口、网络实例、目的IP地址匹配目的UE N4会话，根据目的IP地址进行PDR匹配，PDR对应相应的FAR指示，完成PDR匹配后，UPF将根据FAR指示的转发规则完成数据报文的转发。DN downlink data enters UPF through N6 port, matches the downlink data source port, network instance, destination IP address and matches the destination UE N4 session, performs PDR matching according to the destination IP address, and PDR corresponds to the corresponding FAR indication. After completing PDR matching, UPF will complete the forwarding of data packets according to the forwarding rules indicated by FAR.
局域网(local area network，LAN)是在一个局部的地理范围内(如一个学校、工厂和机关内)，将各种计算机，外部设备和数据库等互相联接起来组成的计算机通信网。它可以通过数据通信网或专用数据电路，与远方的局域网、数据库或处理中心相连接，构成一个大范围的信息处理系统。A local area network (LAN) is a computer communication network that connects various computers, external devices, and databases within a local geographical area (such as a school, factory, or office). It can be connected to a remote local area network, database, or processing center through a data communication network or a dedicated data circuit to form a large-scale information processing system.
随着新兴企业办公模式及智能居家模式的出现，有线局域网和无线局域网显现了其在部署复杂、灵活性、移动性、覆盖范围等方面的不足，这促使局域网技术再发展以适应未来应用对LAN的需求。利用移动网络其本身的广覆盖特点，来直接提供LAN服务，称之为5G局域网(5G local area network，5G LAN)。5G LAN可以在更广泛的移动网络覆盖范围内使用，即无论用户是否在同一地域，只要加入同一5G LAN，即可实现基于LAN的数据交换和通信。5G LAN服务为用户构建了一个虚拟移动专网，通过5G LAN可实现虚拟专网通信。With the emergence of emerging enterprise office models and smart home models, wired LANs and wireless LANs have shown their shortcomings in deployment complexity, flexibility, mobility, coverage, etc., which has prompted the further development of LAN technology to meet the needs of future applications for LAN. Using the wide coverage characteristics of the mobile network itself to directly provide LAN services is called 5G local area network (5G LAN). 5G LAN can be used within a wider range of mobile network coverage, that is, regardless of whether the user is in the same region, as long as they join the same 5G LAN, LAN-based data exchange and communication can be achieved. The 5G LAN service builds a virtual mobile private network for users, and virtual private network communication can be achieved through 5G LAN.
UE通过建立传统的PDU连接解决了UE与DN网络之间的数据交换问题。5G LAN在传统PDU连接的基础上，增加了组(group)的概念，即归属于同一个5G LAN group的UE既能与group对应的DN网络完成数据交换，又能通过UPF直接同group内的其他UE完成数据交换，两个group之间的UE相互隔离。The UE solves the data exchange problem between the UE and the DN network by establishing a traditional PDU connection. On the basis of the traditional PDU connection, 5G LAN adds the concept of group, that is, UEs belonging to the same 5G LAN group can complete data exchange with the DN network corresponding to the group, and can also complete data exchange with other UEs in the group directly through UPF. The UEs between the two groups are isolated from each other.
5G LAN场景中，UPF内部增加5G虚拟网络(virtual network，VN)内部接口，在UEN4会话基础上增加了组N4会话，UPF之间增加N19接口。根据UPF收到的用户业务数据包目的地址的不同，报文可能在UPF进行本地交互发到同UPF内的目的UE；可能经过N6接口发送到DN网络侧设备；也可能经过N19发送到其他UPF上。In the 5G LAN scenario, a 5G virtual network (VN) internal interface is added to the UPF, a group N4 session is added based on the UEN4 session, and an N19 interface is added between UPFs. Depending on the destination address of the user service data packet received by the UPF, the message may be sent to the destination UE in the same UPF through local interaction in the UPF; it may be sent to the DN network side device through the N6 interface; or it may be sent to other UPFs through N19.
如图3所示，5G LAN中，数据报文在UPF 1进行本地交互发到同UPF内的目的UE的匹配转发过程如下：As shown in Figure 3, in a 5G LAN, the matching forwarding process of a data message sent from UPF 1 to the destination UE in the same UPF for local interaction is as follows:
UPF 1通过N3接口收到UE 1发往目的UE 2的数据报文，经过PDR匹配后(基于报文GTP-U报文头完成匹配(第一轮匹配))获得UE 1N4会话，对应的FAR指示将数据报文转发到5G VN Internal内部接口进入第二轮PDR匹配(基于数据报文目的IP完成匹配)获得目的UE2N4会话，对应的FAR指示将数据报文通过N3口转发到目的UE 2。UPF 1 receives the data message sent by UE 1 to the destination UE 2 through the N3 interface. After PDR matching (matching is completed based on the GTP-U message header of the message (first round of matching)), the UE 1N4 session is obtained. The corresponding FAR indicates that the data message is forwarded to the 5G VN Internal internal interface to enter the second round of PDR matching (matching is completed based on the destination IP of the data message) to obtain the destination UE2N4 session. The corresponding FAR indicates that the data message is forwarded to the destination UE 2 through the N3 port.
如图3所示，5G LAN中，数据报文经过N6接口发送到DN网络侧设备的匹配转发过程如下：As shown in Figure 3, in a 5G LAN, the matching forwarding process of a data packet sent to a DN network-side device through the N6 interface is as follows:
UPF 1通过N3接口收到UE 1发往DN网络侧设备的数据报文，经过PDR匹配后(基于报文GTP-U报文头完成匹配(第一轮匹配))获得UE 1N4会话，对应的FAR指示将数据报文转发到5G VN内部接口，经过PDR规则匹配(基于目的IP或条件为match-all的默认规则等)最终可以匹配到组N4会话，对应的FAR指示数据报文通过N6接口发送到DN网络侧设备。UPF 1 receives the data message sent by UE 1 to the DN network side device through the N3 interface. After PDR matching (matching is completed based on the GTP-U message header of the message (first round of matching)), the UE 1N4 session is obtained. The corresponding FAR indicates that the data message is forwarded to the 5G VN internal interface. After PDR rule matching (based on the destination IP or the default rule with the condition of match-all, etc.), it can finally match the group N4 session. The corresponding FAR indicates that the data message is sent to the DN network side device through the N6 interface.
如图3所示，5G LAN中，报文经过N19接口发送到其他UPF 2上的匹配转发过程如下：As shown in Figure 3, in the 5G LAN, the matching forwarding process of sending the message through the N19 interface to other UPF 2 is as follows:
UPF 1通过N3接口收到UE 1发往DN网络侧设备的数据报文，经过PDR匹配后(基于报文GTP-U报文头完成匹配(第一轮匹配))获得UE 1N4会话，对应的FAR指示将数据报文转发到5G VN内部接口，经过PDR规则匹配(基于目的IP或条件为match-all的默认规则等)最终可以匹配到组N4会话，对应的FAR指示数据报文通过N19发送到目的UE 3所对应的UPF 2上。UPF 1 receives the data message sent by UE 1 to the DN network side device through the N3 interface. After PDR matching (matching is completed based on the GTP-U message header of the message (first round of matching)), the UE 1N4 session is obtained. The corresponding FAR indicates that the data message is forwarded to the 5G VN internal interface. After PDR rule matching (based on the destination IP or the default rule with the condition of match-all, etc.), it can finally match the group N4 session. The corresponding FAR indicates that the data message is sent to the UPF 2 corresponding to the destination UE 3 through N19.
SMF在涉及到的UPF 1上为该组创建对应的组级别的N4会话，得到组N4会话，以启用N19转发和N6转发能力。The SMF creates a corresponding group-level N4 session for the group on the involved UPF 1, and obtains the group N4 session to enable N19 forwarding and N6 forwarding capabilities.
5G网络存在多个5G VN Group的场景下，对于5G VN内部数据报文，N4会话内的匹配、转发规则属性字段被赋值为5G VN Group唯一标识符(如：使用Internal Group ID)，用于指示该报文归属于指定的5G VN Group，例如：对于目的接口被设置为5G VN Internal的FAR，其网络实例也应该相应的被设置为指定的5G VN Group；对于源接口被设置为5G VNGroup的PDR，其网络实例也应该被设置为指定的5G VN Group。In the scenario where there are multiple 5G VN Groups in the 5G network, for the 5G VN internal data packets, the matching and forwarding rule attribute fields in the N4 session are assigned the 5G VN Group unique identifier (such as using the Internal Group ID) to indicate that the packet belongs to the specified 5G VN Group. For example, for the FAR whose destination interface is set to 5G VN Internal, its network instance should also be set to the specified 5G VN Group accordingly; for the PDR whose source interface is set to 5G VNGroup, its network instance should also be set to the specified 5G VN Group.
5G网络支持的三种会话类型中，以太会话中要求UPF需要根据目标媒体访问控制地址(media access control address，MAC)来转发数据包。图4示出了5G局域网通过以太会话转发数据包的三种场景，对应三种不同的数据转发线路，线路1：本地转发，例如个人计算机(Personal Computer，PC)1和PC 2之间的数据包转发；线路2：端侧终端与DN侧终端的转发，例如PC 1和数据网络侧设备PC 4之间的数据包转发；线路3：跨UPF转发，例如PC 2与PC 3之间的数据包转发。Among the three types of sessions supported by the 5G network, the Ethernet session requires the UPF to forward data packets according to the target media access control address (MAC). Figure 4 shows three scenarios of 5G LAN forwarding data packets through Ethernet sessions, corresponding to three different data forwarding lines, Line 1: local forwarding, such as data packet forwarding between personal computer (PC) 1 and PC 2; Line 2: forwarding between the end-side terminal and the DN-side terminal, such as data packet forwarding between PC 1 and data network-side device PC 4; Line 3: cross-UPF forwarding, such as data packet forwarding between PC 2 and PC 3.
以太会话中，UE 1在会话建立请求消息中携带的会话类型为以太网(ethernet)类型，网络侧建立Ethernet类型会话与IP类型会话的流程一致，此处不再赘述；UE 1在数据面主要起到桥接作用，转发PC 1侧与空口侧的层二数据包；UPF 1与局域网交换机(lanswitch，LSW)之间使用层二隧道来封装端侧PC 1的层二报文，例如虚拟扩展局域网(virtual extensible local area network，VXLAN)隧道；UPF学习PC 1或DN侧发送数据包的源MAC地址，并根据学习到的MAC地址在后续转发的数据包时配置目的MAC地址来转发；UPF 1和UPF 2支持三种不同的数据交换形式：本地交换(例如，PC 1与PC 2交换)、端侧终端与DN侧终端交换(例如PC 1和数据网络侧设备PC 4交换)、跨UPF交换(例如，PC 2与PC 3交换)；UPF 1和UPF 2支持层二广播泛洪能力，即如果UPF 1收到目的MAC地址为全F的数据包，则发送给整个LAN内所有终端，比如图4中，PC 1/PC 2/PC3/PC 4同属一个LAN，则当UPF 1收到PC 1发送的数据包，目的MAC地址为全F，则UPF 1需要发送数据包给PC 2/PC 3/PC 4。In an Ethernet session, the session type carried by UE 1 in the session establishment request message is Ethernet type. The process of establishing Ethernet type session and IP type session on the network side is the same, which will not be repeated here; UE 1 mainly plays a bridging role on the data plane, forwarding layer 2 data packets on the PC 1 side and the air interface side; UPF 1 and the local area network switch (lanswitch, LSW) use a layer 2 tunnel to encapsulate the layer 2 message of PC 1 on the end side, such as a virtual extensible local area network (virtual extensible local area network, VXLAN) tunnel; UPF learns the source MAC address of the data packet sent by PC 1 or DN side, and configures the destination MAC address for forwarding the subsequent forwarded data packet according to the learned MAC address; UPF 1 and UPF 2 support three different data exchange forms: local exchange (for example, exchange between PC 1 and PC 2), exchange between the end side terminal and the DN side terminal (for example, exchange between PC 1 and data network side device PC 4), and cross-UPF exchange (for example, exchange between PC 2 and PC 3); UPF 1 and UPF 2 Supports layer 2 broadcast flooding capability, that is, if UPF 1 receives a data packet with a destination MAC address of all Fs, it will send it to all terminals in the entire LAN. For example, in Figure 4, PC 1/PC 2/PC3/PC 4 belong to the same LAN. When UPF 1 receives a data packet sent by PC 1 with a destination MAC address of all Fs, UPF 1 needs to send the data packet to PC 2/PC 3/PC 4.
为便于理解本申请实施例，结合图5对适用于本申请实施例的通信系统500的组网方式进行详细介绍。To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, a networking method of a communication system 500 applicable to the embodiments of the present application is described in detail in conjunction with FIG. 5 .
该通信系统500可以包括第一终端设备501、接入网设备502、第一转发设备503、第二转发设备504、第二终端设备505、核心网设备506、第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508。其中，5G核心网设备506包括但不限于第一UPF 507、第二UPF 508和其它的设备R。第一终端设备501可以通过接入网设备502和第一转发设备503等，与第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508进行数据转发。The communication system 500 may include a first terminal device 501, an access network device 502, a first forwarding device 503, a second forwarding device 504, a second terminal device 505, a core network device 506, a first UPF 507, and a second UPF 508. The 5G core network device 506 includes but is not limited to the first UPF 507, the second UPF 508, and other devices R. The first terminal device 501 may forward data with the first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 through the access network device 502 and the first forwarding device 503, etc.
第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508之间通过绑定链路连接，第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508与绑定链路之间的接口均定义为Nx接口。第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508对5G核心网设备以外的逻辑接口，例如N3、N9、N19或N6等使用相同的IP，对5G核心网设备以内的N4接口在不同的场景下，使用的IP有差异，例如，在第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508为主备模式的情况下，第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508对5G核心网设备以内的N4接口使用一个IP，在第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508不分主备模式的情况下，第一UPF 507和第二UPF 508对5G核心网设备以内的N4接口使用两个不同的IP。第一UPF 507和第二UPF508不分主备模式，又称为双活模式的。图5中逻辑接口与传输网络是双网络平面，即每个UPF的逻辑接口有两条链路到传输网络，也可以使用单网络平面，即每个UPF的逻辑接口有一条链路到传输网络。第一UPF 507和第二UPF508组成结对的UPF，UE建立PDU会话时，结对的两个UPF上都建立PDU会话，结对的两个UPF使用SMF下发的转发策略(例如，PDR、FAR等)相同，目的是为了让两个UPF的PDU会话都能转发UE的数据包。为了确保接入网设备502侧看到每个UE的PDU会话只有一个隧道点，SMF或结对的两个UPF为结对的两个UPF分配相同的隧道端点标识(tunnel endpoint identifier，TEID)。如果PDU会话是层二PDU会话(即以太PDU会话)，则使用虚拟扩展局域网(virtualextensible local area network，VXLAN)隧道连接N6侧，N6侧的vxlan隧道端点(VXLANtunnel endpoint，VTEP)也只看到一个VTEP点(比如图中的N6接口IP)。对于虚拟专有拨号网络(virtual private dial network，VPDN)组网，如果位置区识别码(location areacode，LAC)终结在UPF上时，本地网络服务(local network services，LNS)侧也只看到一个LAC(比如图中的N6接口IP)。如果PDU会话是三层PDU会话(即IP PDU会话)，两个UPF发布同样的主机回程路由给传输网络，即传输网络下发下行包到达某个UE IP存在两条路径。The first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 are connected via a binding link, and the interfaces between the first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 and the binding link are defined as Nx interfaces. The first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 use the same IP for logical interfaces outside the 5G core network device, such as N3, N9, N19 or N6, and use different IPs for the N4 interface within the 5G core network device in different scenarios. For example, when the first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 are in active-standby mode, the first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 use one IP for the N4 interface within the 5G core network device. When the first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 are not in active-standby mode, the first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 use two different IPs for the N4 interface within the 5G core network device. The first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 are not in active-standby mode, which is also called active-active mode. In Figure 5, the logical interface and the transmission network are dual network planes, that is, the logical interface of each UPF has two links to the transmission network. A single network plane can also be used, that is, the logical interface of each UPF has one link to the transmission network. The first UPF 507 and the second UPF 508 form a paired UPF. When the UE establishes a PDU session, a PDU session is established on both paired UPFs. The two paired UPFs use the same forwarding strategy (for example, PDR, FAR, etc.) issued by the SMF. The purpose is to allow the PDU sessions of the two UPFs to forward the UE's data packets. In order to ensure that the access network device 502 side sees only one tunnel point for each UE's PDU session, the SMF or the two paired UPFs assign the same tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) to the two paired UPFs. If the PDU session is a layer 2 PDU session (i.e., Ethernet PDU session), a virtual extended local area network (VXLAN) tunnel is used to connect to the N6 side, and the VXLAN tunnel endpoint (VTEP) on the N6 side also only sees one VTEP point (such as the N6 interface IP in the figure). For virtual private dial network (VPDN) networking, if the location area code (LAC) terminates on the UPF, the local network services (LNS) side also only sees one LAC (such as the N6 interface IP in the figure). If the PDU session is a layer 3 PDU session (i.e., IP PDU session), the two UPFs publish the same host return route to the transmission network, that is, there are two paths for the transmission network to send downlink packets to a certain UE IP.
图6和图7为上述组网方式适用的两种具体应用场景。FIG6 and FIG7 are two specific application scenarios to which the above networking method is applicable.
图6为第一终端设备601与第二终端设备608之间进行数据交换的场景，在图6中，第一终端设备601可以依次通过接入网设备602、第一转发设备603、核心网设备604、第二转发设备607向第二终端设备608发送数据包。反之，第二终端设备608也可以依次通过第二转发设备607、核心网设备604、第一转发设备603、接入网设备602向第一终端设备601发送数据包。核心网设备604包括第一UPF 605和第二UPF 606，该第一UPF605和第二UPF 606均可以转发数据包。FIG6 is a scenario of data exchange between a first terminal device 601 and a second terminal device 608. In FIG6, the first terminal device 601 can sequentially send data packets to the second terminal device 608 through the access network device 602, the first forwarding device 603, the core network device 604, and the second forwarding device 607. Conversely, the second terminal device 608 can also sequentially send data packets to the first terminal device 601 through the second forwarding device 607, the core network device 604, the first forwarding device 603, and the access network device 602. The core network device 604 includes a first UPF 605 and a second UPF 606, and both the first UPF 605 and the second UPF 606 can forward data packets.
图7为第一终端设备701与数据网络侧设备708之间进行数据交换的场景，在图7中，第一终端设备701可以依次通过接入网设备702、第一转发设备703、核心网设备704、第二转发设备707向数据网络侧设备708发送数据包。反之，数据网络侧设备708也可以依次通过第二转发设备707、核心网设备704、第一转发设备703、接入网设备702向第一终端设备701发送数据包。核心网设备704包括第一UPF 705和第二UPF 706，该第一UPF 705和第二UPF 706均可以转发数据包。FIG7 is a scenario of data exchange between a first terminal device 701 and a data network side device 708. In FIG7, the first terminal device 701 can sequentially send data packets to the data network side device 708 through the access network device 702, the first forwarding device 703, the core network device 704, and the second forwarding device 707. Conversely, the data network side device 708 can also sequentially send data packets to the first terminal device 701 through the second forwarding device 707, the core network device 704, the first forwarding device 703, and the access network device 702. The core network device 704 includes a first UPF 705 and a second UPF 706, and both the first UPF 705 and the second UPF 706 can forward data packets.
应理解，图5、图6和图7只是示意图，该通信系统500、传输场景600和传输场景700中还可以包括其它网络设备，例如，SMF、无线中继设备、无线回传设备和交换机等，图5、图6和图7中未示出。It should be understood that Figures 5, 6 and 7 are merely schematic diagrams, and the communication system 500, transmission scenario 600 and transmission scenario 700 may also include other network devices, such as SMF, wireless relay equipment, wireless backhaul equipment and switches, which are not shown in Figures 5, 6 and 7.
应理解，在通信系统500、传输场景600和传输场景700中，终端设备、接入网设备和核心网设备都可以有多个，本申请实施例对此不做限定。It should be understood that in the communication system 500, the transmission scenario 600 and the transmission scenario 700, there may be multiple terminal devices, access network devices and core network devices, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.
目前，在数据交换过程中使用PDU会话连接服务进行数据传输的一种方法为：终端设备与一个UPF网元建立PDU会话，该UPF网元可以通过该PDU会话转发来自终端设备或者DN的数据包。该方法可能由于UPF故障或UPF与其它设备之间的链路故障等原因发生故障，在这种情况下，终端设备需要重新连接新UPF、新UPF需要重新学习终端设备的上下文，重新建立终端设备的PDU会话，导致数据交换服务中断。At present, one method of using the PDU session connection service for data transmission during the data exchange process is: the terminal device establishes a PDU session with a UPF network element, and the UPF network element can forward data packets from the terminal device or DN through the PDU session. This method may fail due to UPF failure or link failure between UPF and other devices. In this case, the terminal device needs to reconnect to a new UPF, the new UPF needs to relearn the context of the terminal device, and re-establish the PDU session of the terminal device, resulting in interruption of the data exchange service.
为了解决上述问题，另一种方法是：终端设备与主UPF网元建立PDU会话，主UPF网元将该终端设备的上下文信息备份至备UPF网元，在进行数据交换时，终端设备通过主UPF网元上的PDU会话连接进行数据包传输，备UPF处于静默状态，若主UPF网元发生故障，终端设备可以通过备UPF传输数据包。该方法在发生故障时，无需终端设备重新建立连接，网络侧和终端设备侧无感知。但是，该方法在进行数据交换时，只使用一个UPF网元进行数据包转发，转发效率低，并且备UPF网元处于静默状态，不去转发数据包，浪费了备UPF网元的转发容量。In order to solve the above problems, another method is: the terminal device establishes a PDU session with the main UPF network element, and the main UPF network element backs up the context information of the terminal device to the standby UPF network element. When exchanging data, the terminal device transmits data packets through the PDU session connection on the main UPF network element, and the standby UPF is in a silent state. If the main UPF network element fails, the terminal device can transmit data packets through the standby UPF. This method does not require the terminal device to re-establish the connection when a failure occurs, and the network side and the terminal device side are unaware. However, when exchanging data, this method only uses one UPF network element to forward data packets, and the forwarding efficiency is low. In addition, the standby UPF network element is in a silent state and does not forward data packets, which wastes the forwarding capacity of the standby UPF network element.
有鉴于此，本申请实施例提出了一种数据传输方法和装置，通过在第一UPF和第二UPF上均建立第一终端设备的PDU会话，且设有相同的转发策略，使得第一UPF和第二UPF可以同时转发第一终端设备的数据包，能够合理利用UPF的转发容量，提高数据转发效率，提升用户体验感。In view of this, an embodiment of the present application proposes a data transmission method and device, by establishing a PDU session of the first terminal device on both the first UPF and the second UPF, and providing the same forwarding strategy, so that the first UPF and the second UPF can simultaneously forward the data packets of the first terminal device, thereby being able to reasonably utilize the forwarding capacity of the UPF, improve data forwarding efficiency, and enhance user experience.
下面将详细说明本申请提供的各个实施例。The various embodiments provided in this application will be described in detail below.
本申请实施例以第一终端设备、接入网设备、第一转发设备、第一UPF、第二UPF和第二转发设备为例进行描述，应理解，终端设备可以替换为能够实现与终端设备类似的功能的装置或芯片，接入网设备也可以替换为能够实现与接入网设备类似的功能的装置或芯片，第一转发设备和第二转发设备也可以替换为能够实现与第一转发设备类似的功能的装置或芯片，第一UPF和第二UPF也可以替换为能够实现与第一UPF和第二UPF类似的功能的装置或芯片，本申请实施例对其名称不作限定。The embodiments of the present application are described by taking the first terminal device, the access network device, the first forwarding device, the first UPF, the second UPF and the second forwarding device as examples. It should be understood that the terminal device can be replaced by a device or chip that can implement functions similar to those of the terminal device, the access network device can also be replaced by a device or chip that can implement functions similar to those of the access network device, the first forwarding device and the second forwarding device can also be replaced by a device or chip that can implement functions similar to those of the first forwarding device, the first UPF and the second UPF can also be replaced by a device or chip that can implement functions similar to those of the first UPF and the second UPF. The embodiments of the present application do not limit their names.
图8是本申请实施例提供的一种数据传输方法800的示意性流程图。该方法可以应用于上述场景600和场景700中。该方法800包括下列步骤：FIG8 is a schematic flow chart of a data transmission method 800 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method can be applied to the above-mentioned scenarios 600 and 700. The method 800 includes the following steps:
S801，第一终端设备向接入网设备发送第一数据包和第二数据包。对应地，接入网设备接收该第一数据包和第二数据包。S801: A first terminal device sends a first data packet and a second data packet to an access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first data packet and the second data packet.
应理解，第一终端设备可以同时向接入网设备发送第一数据包和第二数据包，也可以依次向接入网设备发送第一数据包和第二数据包，本申请实施例对此不做限定。It should be understood that the first terminal device can send the first data packet and the second data packet to the access network device at the same time, or can send the first data packet and the second data packet to the access network device in sequence, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.
S802，接入网设备向第一转发设备发送上述第一数据包和第二数据包。对应地，第一转发设备接收上述第一数据包和第二数据包。S802: The access network device sends the first data packet and the second data packet to the first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the first data packet and the second data packet.
S803，第一转发设备向第一UPF发送第一数据包。对应地，第一UPF接收第一数据包。第一UPF存在第一终端设备的PDU会话。S803, the first forwarding device sends a first data packet to the first UPF. Correspondingly, the first UPF receives the first data packet. The first UPF has a PDU session with the first terminal device.
应理解，第一UPF上的第一终端设备的PDU会话的建立方法可以是：第一终端设备可以通过第一接入网设备向核心网设备中的AMF发送PDU会话建立请求，AMF接收到来自第一终端设备的PDU会话建立请求后，选择SMF为第一终端设备提供会话服务，保存SMF与PDU会话的对应关系，并将会话建立请求发送至SMF，SMF为UE选择第一UPF，在第一UPF上建立第一终端设备的PDU会话，SMF向第一UPF的上述PDU会话下发各类数据包的转发策略，完成对第一UPF处理数据包的控制。It should be understood that the method for establishing the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF can be: the first terminal device can send a PDU session establishment request to the AMF in the core network device through the first access network device. After receiving the PDU session establishment request from the first terminal device, the AMF selects the SMF to provide session services for the first terminal device, saves the correspondence between the SMF and the PDU session, and sends the session establishment request to the SMF. The SMF selects the first UPF for the UE and establishes the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF. The SMF sends forwarding strategies for various types of data packets to the above-mentioned PDU session of the first UPF to complete the control of the first UPF processing data packets.
S804，第一转发设备向第二UPF发送第二数据包。对应地，第二UPF接收第二数据包。第二UPF存在第一终端设备的PDU会话，第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的PDU会话的转发策略相同。S804, the first forwarding device sends a second data packet to the second UPF. Correspondingly, the second UPF receives the second data packet. The second UPF has a PDU session of the first terminal device, and the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF.
第二UPF上的第一终端设备的PDU会话的建立方法有两种，下面分两种可能的实现方式进行解释说明。There are two methods for establishing a PDU session for the first terminal device on the second UPF, which are explained below in two possible implementation methods.
在一种可能的实现方式中，第二UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话建立的方法，与第一UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话建立的方法相同，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。In one possible implementation, the method for establishing a PDU session for the first terminal device of the second UPF is the same as the method for establishing a PDU session for the first terminal device of the first UPF, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.
应理解，第一UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话和第二UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话可以同时建立。It should be understood that the PDU session of the first terminal device of the first UPF and the PDU session of the first terminal device of the second UPF can be established at the same time.
应理解，第二UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话建立时，第二UPF也可以接收来自SMF的各类数据包的转发策略，因此，第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的PDU会话的转发策略相同。It should be understood that when the PDU session of the first terminal device of the second UPF is established, the second UPF can also receive the forwarding strategy of various data packets from the SMF. Therefore, the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF.
示例性地，第一终端设备通过接入网设备向AMF发送PDU会话建立请求，AMF选择SMF为第一终端设备提供会话服务，并将会话建立请求发送至SMF，SMF为终端设备选择第一UPF和第二UPF。在第二UPF故障的情况下，SMF仅在第一UPF建立第一终端设备的PDU会话，在第二UPF故障恢复后，第二UPF和SMF建立偶联，SMF在第二UPF上建立第一终端设备的PDU会话，向第二UPF的上述PDU会话下发各类数据包的转发策略。Exemplarily, the first terminal device sends a PDU session establishment request to the AMF through the access network device. The AMF selects the SMF to provide session services for the first terminal device and sends the session establishment request to the SMF. The SMF selects the first UPF and the second UPF for the terminal device. In the event of a failure of the second UPF, the SMF only establishes a PDU session for the first terminal device in the first UPF. After the failure of the second UPF is restored, the second UPF and the SMF establish a coupling. The SMF establishes a PDU session for the first terminal device on the second UPF and sends forwarding policies for various data packets to the above-mentioned PDU session of the second UPF.
在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一UPF可以将第一UPF上的第一终端设备的PDU会话同步到第二UPF。In another possible implementation, the first UPF may synchronize the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF to the second UPF.
示例性地，第一终端设备通过接入网设备向AMF发送PDU会话建立请求，AMF选择SMF为第一终端设备提供会话服务，并将会话建立请求发送至SMF，SMF为终端设备选择第一UPF和第二UPF。在第二UPF故障的情况下，SMF在第一UPF上建立第一终端设备的PDU会话，对第一UPF下发各类数据包的转发策略；在第二UPF故障恢复后，第一UPF将第一终端设备的PDU会话以及该PDU会话的转发策略同步到第二UPF，使第二UPF存在第一终端设备的PDU会话，第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的PDU会话的转发策略相同。Exemplarily, the first terminal device sends a PDU session establishment request to the AMF through the access network device. The AMF selects the SMF to provide session services for the first terminal device and sends the session establishment request to the SMF. The SMF selects the first UPF and the second UPF for the terminal device. In the event of a failure of the second UPF, the SMF establishes a PDU session for the first terminal device on the first UPF and sends forwarding policies for various types of data packets to the first UPF. After the failure of the second UPF is recovered, the first UPF synchronizes the PDU session of the first terminal device and the forwarding policy of the PDU session to the second UPF, so that the second UPF has the PDU session of the first terminal device, and the forwarding policy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding policy of the PDU session of the second UPF.
应理解，第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略和第二UPF的PDU会话的转发策略相同，但是在满足一定条件时，该转发策略会发生变更。示例性地，当第一UPF转发来自第一终端设备的数据包所使用的流量，达到阈值时，第一UPF向SMF报告该事件，SMF根据该事件向第一UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话下发新的转发策略。在一种可能的实现方式中，第一UPF和第二UPF均向SMF上报了该事件，SMF可能收到两个相同的事件，SMF合并两个事件，同时向第一UPF和第二UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话下发新的转发策略。在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一UPF先检测到该事件，并将该事件发送给第二UPF，由第二UPF向SMF上报该事件，SMF根据该事件向第二UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话下发新的转发策略，第二UPF向第一UPF的第一终端设备的PDU会话同步该转发策略。It should be understood that the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF, but the forwarding strategy will change when certain conditions are met. Exemplarily, when the traffic used by the first UPF to forward the data packet from the first terminal device reaches the threshold, the first UPF reports the event to the SMF, and the SMF sends a new forwarding strategy to the PDU session of the first terminal device of the first UPF based on the event. In one possible implementation, the first UPF and the second UPF both report the event to the SMF, and the SMF may receive two identical events. The SMF merges the two events and simultaneously sends a new forwarding strategy to the PDU session of the first terminal device of the first UPF and the second UPF. In another possible implementation, the first UPF first detects the event and sends the event to the second UPF, which reports the event to the SMF, and the SMF sends a new forwarding strategy to the PDU session of the first terminal device of the second UPF based on the event, and the second UPF synchronizes the forwarding strategy with the PDU session of the first terminal device of the first UPF.
应理解，第一UPF和第二UPF可以是预设的结对的UPF，结对的UPF之间可以同步彼此存在的终端设备的PDU会话、组会话、转发表项信息(例如MAC地址)等。It should be understood that the first UPF and the second UPF can be preset paired UPFs, and the paired UPFs can synchronize the PDU sessions, group sessions, forwarding table entry information (such as MAC addresses), etc. of each other's terminal devices.
S805，第一UPF向第二转发设备发送第一数据包。S805, the first UPF sends a first data packet to the second forwarding device.
应理解，第一UPF接收到第一数据包，依据第一终端设备的PDU会话的转发策略，向第二转发设备发送第一数据包。It should be understood that the first UPF receives the first data packet and sends the first data packet to the second forwarding device according to the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first terminal device.
S806，第二UPF向第二转发设备发送第二数据包。S806, the second UPF sends a second data packet to the second forwarding device.
应理解，第二UPF接收到第二数据包，依据第一终端设备的PDU会话的转发策略，向第二转发设备发送第二数据包。It should be understood that the second UPF receives the second data packet and sends the second data packet to the second forwarding device according to the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first terminal device.
上述方法800所介绍的流程为上行传输，在这种情况下，第一数据包和第二数据包是由第一终端设备经过接入网设备发送至第一转发设备的。对于下行传输的情况，第一数据包和第二数据包是网络发送给第一终端设备的数据包，第一转发设备、第一UPF和第二UPF按照类似的方法进行转发，此处不再赘述。The process described in the above method 800 is an uplink transmission. In this case, the first data packet and the second data packet are sent from the first terminal device to the first forwarding device via the access network device. For downlink transmission, the first data packet and the second data packet are data packets sent by the network to the first terminal device. The first forwarding device, the first UPF and the second UPF forward them in a similar manner, which will not be repeated here.
本申请实施例的数据传输方法，由于第一UPF和第二UPF均存在第一终端设备的PDU会话，并且第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的PDU会话的转发策略相同，使第一UPF和第二UPF在UPF网元没有故障或UPF与其它设备之间的链路没有故障的情况下，均可以转发来自终端设备或数据网络侧的数据包，合理利用第一UPF和第二UPF的转发容量，整体提升转发容量，提高数据转发效率，提升用户体验感。The data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application, since both the first UPF and the second UPF have PDU sessions of the first terminal device, and the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF, the first UPF and the second UPF can forward data packets from the terminal device or the data network side when there is no failure in the UPF network element or in the link between the UPF and other devices, and the forwarding capacity of the first UPF and the second UPF is reasonably utilized, the forwarding capacity is improved as a whole, the data forwarding efficiency is improved, and the user experience is improved.
结合图6的应用场景，第二终端设备608也可以依次通过第二转发设备607、第一UPF605或第二UPF 606、第一转发设备603、接入网设备602向第一终端设备601发送数据包，第二终端设备向第一终端设备发送数据包的方法与上述方法800类似，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。Combined with the application scenario of Figure 6, the second terminal device 608 can also send data packets to the first terminal device 601 through the second forwarding device 607, the first UPF605 or the second UPF 606, the first forwarding device 603, and the access network device 602 in sequence. The method for the second terminal device to send data packets to the first terminal device is similar to the above method 800. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.
下面，对本申请实施例可能出现的故障情况进行说明。The following describes possible failure scenarios that may occur in the embodiments of the present application.
情况1，PDU发生会话故障。Case 1: PDU session failure occurs.
在第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障的情况下，第一UPF通过第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包。In the event that a PDU session of a first terminal device on a first UPF fails, the first UPF sends a first data packet to a second UPF via a binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF.
应理解，绑定链路可以在第一UPF和第二UPF之间传递数据包、转发策略、转发表项信息等。It should be understood that the binding link can transfer data packets, forwarding strategies, forwarding table entry information, etc. between the first UPF and the second UPF.
图9以第一终端设备为UE为例，介绍了在第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障，第一数据包的转发路径。如图9所示，UE通过接入网设备向第一转发设备发送第一数据包，第一转发设备向第一UPF发送该第一数据包，在第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障的情况下，第一UPF通过绑定链路向第二UPF发送该第一数据包，第二UPF向第二转发设备发送该第一数据包。Figure 9 takes the first terminal device as a UE as an example to introduce the forwarding path of the first data packet when the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF fails. As shown in Figure 9, the UE sends the first data packet to the first forwarding device through the access network device, and the first forwarding device sends the first data packet to the first UPF. When the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF fails, the first UPF sends the first data packet to the second UPF through the binding link, and the second UPF sends the first data packet to the second forwarding device.
可选地，在第一UPF通过第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，还包括：第一UPF查询是否存在第一数据包携带的隧道标识信息；若未查询到隧道标识信息，第一UPF确定第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障。Optionally, before the first UPF sends the first data packet to the second UPF through the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF, it also includes: the first UPF queries whether there is tunnel identification information carried by the first data packet; if no tunnel identification information is found, the first UPF determines that the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF fails.
应理解，在建立PDU会话的过程中，第一UPF为该PDU会话分配隧道标识信息，并通过其它核心网设备例如SMF、AMF发送给接入网设备。接入网设备接收到来自第一终端设备的第一数据包时，将该隧道标识信息与第一数据包进行封装。当封装后的第一数据包进入第一UPF时，第一UPF对封装后的第一数据包进行解封，得到该隧道标识信息，并在第一UPF中查询是否存在该隧道标识信息。若未查询到隧道标识信息，第一UPF确定第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障；若查询到隧道标识信息，第一UPF确定第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话未发生故障。It should be understood that in the process of establishing a PDU session, the first UPF allocates tunnel identification information for the PDU session and sends it to the access network device through other core network devices such as SMF and AMF. When the access network device receives the first data packet from the first terminal device, it encapsulates the tunnel identification information with the first data packet. When the encapsulated first data packet enters the first UPF, the first UPF unpacks the encapsulated first data packet, obtains the tunnel identification information, and queries the first UPF for whether the tunnel identification information exists. If the tunnel identification information is not found, the first UPF determines that the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF has failed; if the tunnel identification information is found, the first UPF determines that the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF has not failed.
情况2，第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障。Case 2: The link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device fails.
在第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一UPF通过第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包。In the event that a link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device fails, the first UPF sends a first data packet to the second UPF via a binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF.
图10以第一终端设备为UE为例，介绍了在第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障，第一数据包的转发路径。如图10所示，在第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发路径与在第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发路径(即图9所示路径)相同，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。FIG10 takes the first terminal device as a UE as an example to introduce the forwarding path of the first data packet when the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device fails. As shown in FIG10 , when the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device fails, the forwarding path of the first data packet is the same as the forwarding path of the first data packet (i.e., the path shown in FIG9 ) when the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device fails. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.
可选地，在第一UPF通过第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，还包括：第一UPF向第二转发设备发送检测消息，检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二转发设备的响应消息，第一UPF确定第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障。Optionally, before the first UPF sends the first data packet to the second UPF through the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF, it also includes: the first UPF sends a detection message to the second forwarding device, and the detection message is used to perform link failure detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second forwarding device within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that a link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device has failed.
应理解，若第一UPF在预设时长内接收到来自第二转发设备的响应消息，第一UPF确定第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路未发生故障。还应理解，第一UPF向第二转发设备发送检测消息可以是周期性地，示例性地，每隔100毫秒，第一UPF向第二转发设备发送检测消息。It should be understood that if the first UPF receives a response message from the second forwarding device within a preset time, the first UPF determines that the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device has not failed. It should also be understood that the first UPF may send a detection message to the second forwarding device periodically, for example, every 100 milliseconds, the first UPF sends a detection message to the second forwarding device.
示例性地，检测消息可以是双向转发检测(bidirectional forwardingdetection，BFD)报文，为了便于描述，双向转发检测报文下文简称BFD报文。Exemplarily, the detection message may be a bidirectional forwarding detection (BFD) message. For ease of description, the bidirectional forwarding detection message is referred to as a BFD message hereinafter.
图11以检测消息为BFD报文为例，介绍了在第一UPF上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障，并且，第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的具体转发过程。Figure 11 takes the detection message as a BFD message as an example to introduce the specific forwarding process of the first data packet when the PDU session of the first terminal device on the first UPF fails and the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device fails.
S1101，第一终端设备向接入网设备发送第一数据包。对应地，接入网设备接收该第一数据包。S1101, a first terminal device sends a first data packet to an access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first data packet.
S1102，接入网设备向第一转发设备发送上述第一数据包。对应地，第一转发设备接收该第一数据包。S1102: The access network device sends the first data packet to the first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the first data packet.
S1103，第一转发设备向第一UPF发送上述第一数据包。对应地，第一UPF接收第一数据包。S1103, the first forwarding device sends the first data packet to the first UPF. Correspondingly, the first UPF receives the first data packet.
应理解，在第一转发设备判断第一转发设备与第一UPF之间的链路未发生故障的情况下，第一转发设备向第一UPF发送上述第一数据包。It should be understood that when the first forwarding device determines that there is no failure in the link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF, the first forwarding device sends the above-mentioned first data packet to the first UPF.
S1104，第一UPF查询是否存在第一数据包携带的隧道标识信息，若未查询到所述隧道标识信息，第一UPF确定第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障。S1104, the first UPF queries whether there is tunnel identification information carried by the first data packet. If the tunnel identification information is not found, the first UPF determines that the PDU session of the first terminal device fails.
S1105，第一UPF向第二转发设备发送BFD报文。S1105. The first UPF sends a BFD message to the second forwarding device.
S1106，在预设时长内，第一UPF未接收到来自第二转发设备的响应消息，确定第一UPF和第二转发设备之间的链路故障。S1106: Within a preset time period, the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second forwarding device, and determines that the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device is faulty.
S1107，在绑定链路无故障的情况下，第一UPF向第二UPF发送上述第一数据包。对应地，第二UPF接收该第一数据包。S1107, when there is no failure in the binding link, the first UPF sends the first data packet to the second UPF. Correspondingly, the second UPF receives the first data packet.
S1108，第二UPF向第二转发设备发送上述第一数据包。S1108, the second UPF sends the first data packet to the second forwarding device.
应理解，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。示例性地，S1103的执行在S1107之前，S1105和S1106的执行在S1107之前，S1105和S1106的执行先后顺序固定，但是S1103与S1105的执行先后顺序，本申请不做限定。在一种可能的实现方式中，可以先执行S1103，在执行S1105和S1106；在另一种可能的实现方式中，可以先执行S1105和S1106，在执行S1103；在另一种可能的实现方式中，可以先执行S1105，在执行S1103，在执行S1106。It should be understood that the size of the sequence number of each of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic. For example, S1103 is executed before S1107, and S1105 and S1106 are executed before S1107. The execution order of S1105 and S1106 is fixed, but the execution order of S1103 and S1105 is not limited by this application. In one possible implementation, S1103 can be executed first, and then S1105 and S1106; in another possible implementation, S1105 and S1106 can be executed first, and then S1103; in another possible implementation, S1105 can be executed first, then S1103, and then S1106.
情况3，第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路发生故障。Case 3: The link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails.
在第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一转发设备向所述第二UPF发送所述第一数据包。In the event that a link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails, the first forwarding device sends the first data packet to the second UPF.
图12以第一终端设备为UE为例，介绍了在第一转发设备和所述第一UPF之间的链路发生故障，第一数据包的转发路径。UE通过接入网设备向第一转发设备发送第一数据包，在第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一转发设备向第二UPF发送该第一数据包，第二UPF向第二转发设备发送该第一数据包。Figure 12 takes the first terminal device as UE as an example to introduce the forwarding path of the first data packet when the link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails. The UE sends the first data packet to the first forwarding device through the access network device. When the link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails, the first forwarding device sends the first data packet to the second UPF, and the second UPF sends the first data packet to the second forwarding device.
可选地，在第一转发设备向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，还包括：第一转发设备向第一UPF发送检测消息，检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一转发设备在预设时长内未接收到来自第一UPF的响应消息，第一转发设备确定第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路发生故障。Optionally, before the first forwarding device sends the first data packet to the second UPF, it also includes: the first forwarding device sends a detection message to the first UPF, and the detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first forwarding device does not receive a response message from the first UPF within a preset time length, the first forwarding device determines that a link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF has failed.
示例性地，检测消息可以是BFD报文。Exemplarily, the detection message may be a BFD message.
应理解，若第一转发设备在预设时长内接收到来自第一UPF的响应消息，第一转发设备确定第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路未发生故障，且第一UPF未发生故障。It should be understood that if the first forwarding device receives a response message from the first UPF within a preset time period, the first forwarding device determines that the link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF has not failed, and the first UPF has not failed.
情况4，第一UPF发生故障。Case 4: The first UPF fails.
在第一UPF发生故障的情况下，第一转发设备向第二UPF发送第一数据包。In the event that the first UPF fails, the first forwarding device sends a first data packet to the second UPF.
应理解，第一UPF发生故障会导致第一UPF的各个端口失去功能，第一UPF与其他设备间的链路也会发生故障，示例性地，第一UPF发生故障，第一UPF与第一转发设备之间的链路发生故障，因此，第一转发设备向第二UPF发送第一数据包。It should be understood that the failure of the first UPF will cause the various ports of the first UPF to lose functionality, and the link between the first UPF and other devices will also fail. For example, the first UPF fails, and the link between the first UPF and the first forwarding device fails. Therefore, the first forwarding device sends a first data packet to the second UPF.
图13以第一终端设备为UE为例，介绍了在第一UPF发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发路径。如图13所示，当第一UPF发生故障时，第一UPF与第一转发设备之间的链路会发生故障，第一UPF与第二UPF之间的绑定链路也会发生故障，第一UPF与第二转发设备之间的链路也会发生故障。Figure 13 takes the first terminal device as UE as an example to introduce the forwarding path of the first data packet when the first UPF fails. As shown in Figure 13, when the first UPF fails, the link between the first UPF and the first forwarding device fails, the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF also fails, and the link between the first UPF and the second forwarding device also fails.
在第一UPF发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发路径与在第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发路径相同，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。In the event that the first UPF fails, the forwarding path of the first data packet is the same as the forwarding path of the first data packet in the event that the link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails, and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.
可选地，在第一转发设备向第二UPF发送第一数据包之前，还包括：第二UPF向第一UPF发送心跳消息，心跳消息用于进行UPF故障检测；若第二UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第一UPF的响应消息，第二UPF确定第一UPF发生故障。Optionally, before the first forwarding device sends the first data packet to the second UPF, it also includes: the second UPF sends a heartbeat message to the first UPF, and the heartbeat message is used to perform UPF fault detection; if the second UPF does not receive a response message from the first UPF within a preset time length, the second UPF determines that the first UPF has a fault.
图14介绍了在第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路发生故障，并且，第一UPF发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的具体转发过程。FIG14 introduces the specific forwarding process of the first data packet when a link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails and the first UPF fails.
S1401，第一终端设备向接入网设备发送第一数据包。对应地，接入网设备接收该第一数据包。S1401, a first terminal device sends a first data packet to an access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first data packet.
S1402，接入网设备向第一转发设备发送上述第一数据包。对应地，第一转发设备接收该第一数据包。S1402: The access network device sends the first data packet to the first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the first data packet.
S1403，第二UPF向第一UPF发送心跳消息。S1403, the second UPF sends a heartbeat message to the first UPF.
S1404，在预设时长内，第二UPF未接收到来自第一UPF的响应消息，确定第一UPF发生故障。S1404: Within a preset time period, the second UPF does not receive a response message from the first UPF, and determines that a failure occurs in the first UPF.
S1405，第一转发设备向第一UPF发送BFD报文。S1405: The first forwarding device sends a BFD message to the first UPF.
S1406，在预设时长内，第一转发设备未接收到来自第一UPF的响应消息，确定第一转发设备和第一UPF之间的链路故障。S1406: Within a preset time period, the first forwarding device does not receive a response message from the first UPF, and determines that the link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF is faulty.
S1407，在第一转发设备与第二UPF之间的链路未发生故障的情况下，第一转发设备向第二UPF发送第一数据包。对应地，第二UPF接收该第一数据包。S1407: When there is no failure in the link between the first forwarding device and the second UPF, the first forwarding device sends a first data packet to the second UPF. Correspondingly, the second UPF receives the first data packet.
S1408，第二UPF向第二转发设备发送上述第一数据包。S1408, the second UPF sends the first data packet to the second forwarding device.
应理解，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。示例性地，S1403、S1404、S1405和S1406的执行可以在S1402之前也可以在S1402之后，本申请对此不做限定。It should be understood that the order of execution of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic. For example, S1403, S1404, S1405 and S1406 can be executed before S1402 or after S1402, and this application does not limit this.
情况5，第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障。Case 5: The binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails, and the second UPF does not fail.
在第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一UPF和第二UPF中的备UPF关闭备UPF和第一转发设备之间的链路的端口；第一转发设备向第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包。When the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail, the standby UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF closes the port of the link between the standby UPF and the first forwarding device; the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF.
应理解，第一UPF和第二UPF分别向SMF上报状态参数信息，例如优先级信息，SMF根据第一UPF和第二UPF上报的状态参数信息决定第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF和备UPF，并将该结果发送给第一UPF和第二UPF。示例性地，SMF根据第一UPF上报的优先级信息(低)和第二UPF上报的优先级信息(高)，决定第一UPF为备UPF，第二UPF为主UPF，并通知第一UPF：第二UPF为主UPF，第一UPF为备UPF，通知第二UPF：第二UPF为主UPF，第一UPF为备UPF。It should be understood that the first UPF and the second UPF report status parameter information, such as priority information, to the SMF respectively, and the SMF determines the main UPF and the backup UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF according to the status parameter information reported by the first UPF and the second UPF, and sends the result to the first UPF and the second UPF. Exemplarily, the SMF determines that the first UPF is the backup UPF and the second UPF is the main UPF according to the priority information (low) reported by the first UPF and the priority information (high) reported by the second UPF, and notifies the first UPF that the second UPF is the main UPF and the first UPF is the backup UPF, and notifies the second UPF that the second UPF is the main UPF and the first UPF is the backup UPF.
还应理解，第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一UPF和第二UPF之间无法同步转发表项信息例如第一终端设备的MAC地址。若来自第一终端设备的数据包通过接入网设备、第一转发设备、第一UPF和第二接入网设备到达第二终端设备，该数据包通过第一UPF时，第一UPF会学习到第一终端设备的MAC地址，由于绑定链路故障，导致第二UPF无法获得第一终端设备的MAC地址，当第二终端设备通过第二UPF向第一终端设备发送数据包时，由于第二UPF上没有第一终端设备的MAC地址，使第二UPF上没有到第一终端设备的路由，而导致数据包泛洪或者丢包。为了避免丢包或者泛洪，因此，需要关闭备UPF的端口，使备UPF处于静默状态，不处理数据包。It should also be understood that when the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail, the first UPF and the second UPF cannot synchronize the forwarding table information, such as the MAC address of the first terminal device. If a data packet from the first terminal device reaches the second terminal device through the access network device, the first forwarding device, the first UPF and the second access network device, the first UPF will learn the MAC address of the first terminal device when the data packet passes through the first UPF. Due to the failure of the binding link, the second UPF cannot obtain the MAC address of the first terminal device. When the second terminal device sends a data packet to the first terminal device through the second UPF, since the second UPF does not have the MAC address of the first terminal device, there is no route to the first terminal device on the second UPF, which causes data packet flooding or packet loss. In order to avoid packet loss or flooding, it is necessary to close the port of the standby UPF so that the standby UPF is in a silent state and does not process data packets.
图15以第一终端设备为UE，第一UPF为备UPF，第二UPF为主UPF为例，介绍了在第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发路径。如图15所示，当绑定链路发生故障，主UPF未发生故障时，备UPF关闭与第一转发设备之间的链路的端口，使备UPF与第一转发设备之间的链路发生故障，关闭与第二转发设备之间的链路的端口，使备UPF与第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障。Figure 15 takes the first terminal device as UE, the first UPF as the standby UPF, and the second UPF as the main UPF as an example to introduce the forwarding path of the first data packet when the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail. As shown in Figure 15, when the binding link fails and the main UPF does not fail, the standby UPF closes the port of the link with the first forwarding device, causing the link between the standby UPF and the first forwarding device to fail, and closes the port of the link with the second forwarding device, causing the link between the standby UPF and the second forwarding device to fail.
在第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发路径与在第一转发设备和所述第一UPF之间的链路发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发路径相同，为避免重复，此处不再赘述。When the binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail, the forwarding path of the first data packet is the same as the forwarding path of the first data packet when the link between the first forwarding device and the first UPF fails. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.
检测第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的方法有两种，下面分两种可能的实现方式进行解释说明。There are two methods for detecting that a binding link between a first UPF and a second UPF fails and that the second UPF does not fail, which are explained below in two possible implementations.
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一UPF向第二UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，第一UPF确定绑定链路发生故障；第一UPF向第二UPF发送第二检测消息，第二检测消息用于进行网元故障检测；在第一UPF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息的情况下，第一UPF确定第二UPF未发生故障。In one possible implementation, the first UPF sends a first detection message to the second UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that a binding link fault has occurred; the first UPF sends a second detection message to the second UPF, and the second detection message is used to perform network element fault detection; when the first UPF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length, the first UPF determines that the second UPF has not failed.
应理解，第一UPF确定绑定链路发生故障，会立即触发第一UPF向第二UPF发送第二检测消息。还应理解，若第一UPF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，第一UPF确定绑定链路未发生故障。It should be understood that when the first UPF determines that the binding link fails, it will immediately trigger the first UPF to send a second detection message to the second UPF. It should also be understood that if the first UPF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time, the first UPF determines that the binding link has not failed.
示例性地，第一检测消息可以为BFD报文；第二检测消息可以是心跳消息。Exemplarily, the first detection message may be a BFD message; and the second detection message may be a heartbeat message.
在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一UPF向第二UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；若第一UPF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，第一UPF确定绑定链路发生异常；第一UPF向SMF发送查询请求消息，该查询请求消息用于请求进行第二UPF的故障查询；SMF向第二UPF发送故障查询消息；若SMF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，SMF确定绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障；SMF向第一UPF发送查询应答消息，查询应答消息用于表示绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障。In another possible implementation, the first UPF sends a first detection message to the second UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; if the first UPF does not receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time period, the first UPF determines that an abnormality has occurred in the binding link; the first UPF sends a query request message to the SMF, and the query request message is used to request a fault query of the second UPF; the SMF sends a fault query message to the second UPF; if the SMF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time period, the SMF determines that a fault has occurred in the binding link and a fault has not occurred in the second UPF; the SMF sends a query response message to the first UPF, and the query response message is used to indicate that a fault has occurred in the binding link and a fault has not occurred in the second UPF.
应理解，第一UPF通过N4接口向SMF发送查询请求消息，该查询请求消息携带绑定链路异常标识，SMF接收到该查询请求消息，依据该查询请求消息，通过N4接口向第二UPF发送故障查询消息，该故障查询消息携带绑定链路异常标识，该故障查询消息可以是心跳消息，若SMF在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，SMF确定绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障，并将该结果以查询应答消息的方式通过N4接口发送至第一UPF。若SMF在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，SMF确定第二UPF发生故障，并将该结果以查询应答消息的方式通过N4接口发送至第一UPF。It should be understood that the first UPF sends a query request message to the SMF through the N4 interface, and the query request message carries the binding link abnormality identifier. The SMF receives the query request message and sends a fault query message to the second UPF through the N4 interface based on the query request message. The fault query message carries the binding link abnormality identifier. The fault query message can be a heartbeat message. If the SMF receives a response message from the second UPF within a preset time, the SMF determines that the binding link fails and the second UPF does not fail, and sends the result to the first UPF through the N4 interface in the form of a query response message. If the SMF does not receive a response message from the second UPF within the preset time, the SMF determines that the second UPF fails, and sends the result to the first UPF through the N4 interface in the form of a query response message.
进一步地，在第一转发设备向第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包之前，还包括：第一转发设备向备UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；第一转发设备向第一UPF和第二UPF中的主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包，包括：若第一转发设备在预设时长内未接收到来自备UPF的响应消息，第一转发设备向主UPF发送第一数据包或第二数据包。Furthermore, before the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF, it also includes: the first forwarding device sends a first detection message to the backup UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF in the first UPF and the second UPF, including: if the first forwarding device does not receive a response message from the backup UPF within a preset time length, the first forwarding device sends the first data packet or the second data packet to the main UPF.
下面结合图16和图17，对第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的两种可能的传输方法进行解释说明。In conjunction with FIG. 16 and FIG. 17 , two possible transmission methods of the first data packet when a binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail are explained below.
在一种可能的实现方式中，第一UPF为备UPF，第二UPF为主UPF，第一检测消息为BFD报文，第二检测消息为心跳消息，在第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的转发方法如图16所示，该方法1600包括下列步骤：In a possible implementation, the first UPF is a standby UPF, the second UPF is a main UPF, the first detection message is a BFD message, and the second detection message is a heartbeat message. When a binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail, a forwarding method for the first data packet is shown in FIG. 16, and the method 1600 includes the following steps:
S1601，第一终端设备向接入网设备发送第一数据包。对应地，接入网设备接收该第一数据包。S1601, a first terminal device sends a first data packet to an access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first data packet.
S1602，接入网设备向第一转发设备发送上述第一数据包。对应地，第一转发设备接收该第一数据包。S1602: The access network device sends the first data packet to the first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the first data packet.
S1603，备UPF(即第一UPF)向主UPF(即第二UPF)发送BFD报文。对应地，主UPF接收该BFD报文。S1603, the standby UPF (ie, the first UPF) sends a BFD message to the active UPF (ie, the second UPF). Correspondingly, the active UPF receives the BFD message.
S1604，在预设时长内，备UPF未接收到来自主UPF的响应消息，确定绑定链路发生故障。S1604: Within the preset time, the backup UPF does not receive a response message from the primary UPF, and determines that the binding link fails.
S1605，备UPF向主UPF发送心跳消息。对应地，主UPF接收该心跳消息。S1605, the standby UPF sends a heartbeat message to the active UPF. Correspondingly, the active UPF receives the heartbeat message.
S1606，在预设时长内，备UPF接收来自主UPF的响应消息。S1606: Within a preset time period, the standby UPF receives a response message from the primary UPF.
S1607，备UPF确定主UPF未发生故障，关闭备UPF与第一转发设备之间的链路的端口。S1607, the standby UPF determines that the active UPF has not failed, and closes the port of the link between the standby UPF and the first forwarding device.
S1608，第一转发设备向备UPF发送BFD报文。对应地，备UPF接收该BFD报文。S1608: The first forwarding device sends a BFD message to the standby UPF. Correspondingly, the standby UPF receives the BFD message.
S1609，在预设时长内，第一转发设备未接收到来自备UPF的响应消息，第一转发设备向主UPF发送第一数据包。S1609: Within the preset time, the first forwarding device does not receive a response message from the backup UPF, and the first forwarding device sends a first data packet to the active UPF.
S1610，主UPF向第二转发设备发送上述第一数据包。对应地，第二转发设备接收该第一数据包。S1610, the main UPF sends the first data packet to the second forwarding device. Correspondingly, the second forwarding device receives the first data packet.
在另一种可能的实现方式中，第一UPF为备UPF，第二UPF为主UPF，第一检测消息为BFD报文，故障查询消息为心跳消息，在第一UPF和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，第一数据包的传输方法如图17所示，该方法1700包括下列步骤：In another possible implementation, the first UPF is a standby UPF, the second UPF is a main UPF, the first detection message is a BFD message, the fault query message is a heartbeat message, and when a binding link between the first UPF and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail, the transmission method of the first data packet is shown in FIG. 17, and the method 1700 includes the following steps:
S1701，第一终端设备向接入网设备发送第一数据包。对应地，接入网设备接收该第一数据包。S1701, a first terminal device sends a first data packet to an access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the first data packet.
S1702，接入网设备向第一转发设备发送上述第一数据包。对应地，第一转发设备接收该第一数据包。S1702: The access network device sends the first data packet to the first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the first data packet.
S1703，备UPF(即第一UPF)向主UPF(即第二UPF)发送BFD报文。对应地，主UPF接收该BFD报文。S1703, the standby UPF (ie, the first UPF) sends a BFD message to the active UPF (ie, the second UPF). Correspondingly, the active UPF receives the BFD message.
S1704，在预设时长内，备UPF未接收到来自主UPF的响应消息，确定绑定链路发生异常。S1704: Within the preset time, the backup UPF does not receive a response message from the primary UPF, and determines that an abnormality occurs in the binding link.
S1705，备UPF向SMF发送查询请求消息，该查询请求消息携带绑定链路异常标识。对应地，SMF接收该查询请求消息。S1705, the standby UPF sends a query request message to the SMF, the query request message carrying a binding link abnormality identifier. Correspondingly, the SMF receives the query request message.
S1706，SMF依据上述查询请求消息向主UPF发送心跳消息。S1706, SMF sends a heartbeat message to the main UPF based on the above query request message.
S1707，在预设时长内，SMF接收到来自主UPF的响应消息。S1707, within the preset time, SMF receives a response message from the main UPF.
S1708，SMF确定绑定链路发生故障，且主UPF未发生故障。S1708, SMF determines that the binding link fails and the main UPF does not fail.
S1709，SMF向备UPF发送查询应答消息，该查询应答消息用于表示绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障。对应地，备UPF接收上述查询应答消息。S1709, the SMF sends a query response message to the standby UPF, where the query response message is used to indicate that a failure occurs in the binding link and the second UPF does not fail. Correspondingly, the standby UPF receives the query response message.
S1710，备UPF关闭备UPF与第一转发设备之间的链路的端口。S1710, the standby UPF closes the port of the link between the standby UPF and the first forwarding device.
S1711至S1713的步骤与S1608至S1610相同，为避免重复，此处不在赘述。Steps S1711 to S1713 are the same as steps S1608 to S1610 and will not be repeated here to avoid repetition.
本申请实施例的上述数据传输方法，通过路故障检测和UPF故障检测，并根据故障检测结果，适时调整数据包的转发路径，避免数据转发业务中断，提高转发效率。The above-mentioned data transmission method of the embodiment of the present application detects path faults and UPF faults, and adjusts the forwarding path of the data packet in a timely manner according to the fault detection results, so as to avoid interruption of data forwarding services and improve forwarding efficiency.
图18是本申请实施例提供的另一种数据传输方法1800的示意性流程图，该数据为信令消息，第一UPF为备UPF，该方法可以应用于上述场景600和场景700中。该方法1800包括下列步骤：FIG18 is a schematic flow chart of another data transmission method 1800 provided in an embodiment of the present application, the data is a signaling message, the first UPF is a standby UPF, and the method can be applied to the above-mentioned scenarios 600 and 700. The method 1800 includes the following steps:
S1801，接入网设备向第一转发设备发送信令消息。对应地，第一转发设备接收该信令信息。S1801: An access network device sends a signaling message to a first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the signaling message.
示例性的，信令消息可以为故障检测类信令消息，例如心跳消息、错误指示消息等。Exemplarily, the signaling message may be a fault detection signaling message, such as a heartbeat message, an error indication message, and the like.
S1802，第一转发设备向备UPF(即第一UPF)发送上述信令消息。对应地，备UPF接收该信令消息。S1802: The first forwarding device sends the above signaling message to the standby UPF (ie, the first UPF). Correspondingly, the standby UPF receives the signaling message.
S1803，备UPF向主UPF(即第二UPF)发送上述信令消息。对应地，主UPF接收该信令消息。S1803, the standby UPF sends the above signaling message to the active UPF (ie, the second UPF). Correspondingly, the active UPF receives the signaling message.
S1804，主UPF向第一转发设备发送响应消息。对应地，第一转发设备接收该响应消息。S1804, the main UPF sends a response message to the first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the response message.
S1805，第一转发设备向接入网设备发送上述响应消息。对应地，接入网设备接收该响应消息。S1805: The first forwarding device sends the above response message to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the response message.
S1806，接入网设备判断接入网设备到结对UPF之间的路径为通路。S1806, the access network device determines that the path between the access network device and the paired UPF is a pass.
在信令消息为故障检测信令消息的情况下，通过上述传输方法1800，接入网设备可以判断接入网设备与第一UPF或第二UPF之间的路径是否为通路，是通路的情况下，接入网设备继续向第一转发设备发送第一数据包或第二数据包。In the case where the signaling message is a fault detection signaling message, through the above-mentioned transmission method 1800, the access network device can determine whether the path between the access network device and the first UPF or the second UPF is a path. If it is a path, the access network device continues to send the first data packet or the second data packet to the first forwarding device.
接入网设备还可以通过其它的方法判断接入网设备与第一UPF或第二UPF之间的路径是否为通路。如图19所示：The access network device can also determine whether the path between the access network device and the first UPF or the second UPF is a pass through other methods. As shown in Figure 19:
S1901，接入网设备向第一转发设备发送心跳消息。对应地，第一转发设备接收该心跳信息。S1901: The access network device sends a heartbeat message to the first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the heartbeat message.
应理解，心跳消息可以是其它的故障检测信令消息，例如，错误指示消息，图19仅以心跳消息为例，本申请对此不做限定。It should be understood that the heartbeat message can be other fault detection signaling messages, such as error indication messages. Figure 19 only takes the heartbeat message as an example, and this application does not limit this.
S1902，第一转发设备向主UPF(即第二UPF)发送上述心跳消息。对应地，主UPF接收该心跳消息。S1902, the first forwarding device sends the above heartbeat message to the primary UPF (ie, the second UPF). Correspondingly, the primary UPF receives the heartbeat message.
S1903，主UPF向第一转发设备发送响应消息。对应地，第一转发设备接收该响应消息。S1903, the main UPF sends a response message to the first forwarding device. Correspondingly, the first forwarding device receives the response message.
S1904，第一转发设备向接入网设备发送上述响应消息。对应地，接入网设备接收该响应消息。S1904: The first forwarding device sends the above response message to the access network device. Correspondingly, the access network device receives the response message.
S1905，接入网设备判断接入网设备到结对UPF之间的路径为通路。S1905, the access network device determines that the path between the access network device and the paired UPF is a passage.
应理解，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定。It should be understood that the order of execution of the above processes does not necessarily mean the order in which they are executed. The order in which the processes are executed should be determined by their functions and internal logic.
上文结合图8至图19，详细描述了本申请实施例的数据传输方法，下面将结合图20至图21，详细描述本申请实施例的数据传输装置。The above, in combination with Figures 8 to 19, describes in detail the data transmission method of an embodiment of the present application. The following will describe in detail the data transmission device of an embodiment of the present application in combination with Figures 20 to 21.
图20示出了本申请实施例提供的数据传输装置2000，该装置2000包括接收模块2001和发送模块2002。FIG. 20 shows a data transmission device 2000 provided in an embodiment of the present application. The device 2000 includes a receiving module 2001 and a sending module 2002 .
在一种可能的实现方式中，该装置2000用于实现上述方法实施例中第一UPF对应的步骤。In a possible implementation, the device 2000 is used to implement the steps corresponding to the first UPF in the above method embodiment.
接收模块2001，用于接收第一数据包，第一数据包是通过第一转发设备和接入网设备接收的、来自第一终端设备的数据包，或者，第一数据包是网络发送给第一终端设备的数据包；The receiving module 2001 is used to receive a first data packet, where the first data packet is a data packet received from a first terminal device through a first forwarding device and an access network device, or the first data packet is a data packet sent by a network to the first terminal device;
发送模块2002，用于在所述装置上所述第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障，和/或，所述装置和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障的情况下，通过绑定链路向第二UPF发送所述第一数据包，所述绑定链路为所述装置和第二UPF之间的链路，所述第二转发设备为所述装置的下一跳设备，所述装置和所述第二UPF均存在所述第一终端设备的PDU会话，并且所述装置的所述PDU会话的转发策略与所述第二UPF的所述PDU会话的转发策略相同。Sending module 2002 is used to send the first data packet to the second UPF via a binding link when the PDU session of the first terminal device on the device fails and/or the link between the device and the second forwarding device fails. The binding link is the link between the device and the second UPF, the second forwarding device is the next-hop device of the device, the PDU session of the first terminal device exists in both the device and the second UPF, and the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the device is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF.
可选地，该装置2000还包括：处理模块2003，用于查询是否存在所述第一数据包携带的隧道标识信息；若未查询到隧道标识信息，处理模块2003确定装置2000上第一终端设备的PDU会话发生故障。Optionally, the device 2000 also includes: a processing module 2003, used to query whether there is tunnel identification information carried by the first data packet; if no tunnel identification information is found, the processing module 2003 determines that a PDU session of the first terminal device on the device 2000 fails.
可选地，发送模块2002还用于：向第二转发设备发送检测消息，检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；接收模块2001还用于：在预设时长内接收来自第二转发设备的响应消息；处理模块2003还用于：若接收模块2001在预设时长内未接收来自第二转发设备的响应消息，确定装置2000和第二转发设备之间的链路发生故障。Optionally, the sending module 2002 is also used to: send a detection message to the second forwarding device, the detection message is used to perform link fault detection; the receiving module 2001 is also used to: receive a response message from the second forwarding device within a preset time length; the processing module 2003 is also used to: if the receiving module 2001 does not receive a response message from the second forwarding device within the preset time length, determine that a link between the device 2000 and the second forwarding device has failed.
可选地，装置2000为备装置，处理模块2003还用于：在装置2000和第二UPF之间的绑定链路发生故障、且第二UPF未发生故障的情况下，关闭装置2000和第一转发设备之间的链路的端口。Optionally, the device 2000 is a backup device, and the processing module 2003 is further used to: when the binding link between the device 2000 and the second UPF fails and the second UPF does not fail, close the port of the link between the device 2000 and the first forwarding device.
可选地，发送模块2002还用于：向第二UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；接收模块2001还用于：在预设时长内接收来自第二UPF的响应消息；处理模块2003还用于：若接收模块2001在预设时长内未接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息，确定绑定链路发生故障；发送模块2002还用于：向第二UPF发送第二检测消息，第二检测消息用于进行网元故障检测；接收模块2001还用于：在预设时长内接收来自第二UPF的响应消息；处理模块2003还用于：在接收模块2001在预设时长内接收到来自第二UPF的响应消息的情况下，确定第二UPF未发生故障。Optionally, the sending module 2002 is also used to: send a first detection message to the second UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; the receiving module 2001 is also used to: receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length; the processing module 2003 is also used to: if the receiving module 2001 does not receive a response message from the second UPF within the preset time length, determine that a fault has occurred in the binding link; the sending module 2002 is also used to: send a second detection message to the second UPF, and the second detection message is used to perform network element fault detection; the receiving module 2001 is also used to: receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length; the processing module 2003 is also used to: when the receiving module 2001 receives a response message from the second UPF within the preset time length, determine that no fault has occurred in the second UPF.
可选地，发送模块2002还用于：向第二UPF发送第一检测消息，第一检测消息用于进行链路故障检测；接收模块2001还用于：在预设时长内接收来自所述第二UPF的响应消息；处理模块2003还用于：若接收模块在预设时长内未接收到来自所述第二UPF的响应消息，确定绑定链路发生异常；发送模块2002还用于：向SMF发送查询请求消息，查询请求消息用于请求进行第二UPF的故障查询；接收模块2001还用于：接收来自SMF的查询应答消息，查询应答消息用于表示绑定链路发生故障且第二UPF未发生故障。Optionally, the sending module 2002 is also used to: send a first detection message to the second UPF, and the first detection message is used to perform link fault detection; the receiving module 2001 is also used to: receive a response message from the second UPF within a preset time length; the processing module 2003 is also used to: if the receiving module does not receive a response message from the second UPF within the preset time length, determine that an abnormality has occurred in the binding link; the sending module 2002 is also used to: send a query request message to the SMF, and the query request message is used to request a fault query of the second UPF; the receiving module 2001 is also used to: receive a query response message from the SMF, and the query response message is used to indicate that a fault has occurred in the binding link and the second UPF has not occurred.
可选地，装置2000为备装置，接收模块2001还用于：通过第一转发设备接收来自接入网设备的信令消息；发送模块2002还用于：向第二UPF发送信令消息。Optionally, the device 2000 is a backup device, and the receiving module 2001 is further used to: receive a signaling message from an access network device through a first forwarding device; the sending module 2002 is further used to: send a signaling message to a second UPF.
在另一种可能的实现方式中，该装置2000用于实现上述方法实施例中第一转发设备对应的步骤。In another possible implementation manner, the apparatus 2000 is used to implement the steps corresponding to the first forwarding device in the above method embodiment.
接收模块2001，用于接收第一数据包和第二数据包，第一数据包和第二数据包是通过接入网设备接收的、来自第一终端设备的数据包，或者，第一数据包和第二数据包是网络发送给第一终端设备的数据包；发送模块2002，用于向第一UPF发送第一数据包，向第二UPF发送第二数据包，第一UPF和第二UPF均存在第一终端设备的PDU会话，并且第一UPF的PDU会话的转发策略与第二UPF的所述PDU会话的转发策略相同。The receiving module 2001 is used to receive a first data packet and a second data packet, where the first data packet and the second data packet are data packets received from a first terminal device through an access network device, or the first data packet and the second data packet are data packets sent from the network to the first terminal device; the sending module 2002 is used to send the first data packet to the first UPF and send the second data packet to the second UPF, where both the first UPF and the second UPF have a PDU session of the first terminal device, and the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the first UPF is the same as the forwarding strategy of the PDU session of the second UPF.
应理解，接收模块也可以称为接收单元，发送模块也可以称为发送单元，本申请对此不做限定。It should be understood that the receiving module may also be referred to as a receiving unit, and the sending module may also be referred to as a sending unit, and this application does not limit this.
应理解，这里的装置2000以功能模块的形式体现。这里的术语“模块”可以指应用特有集成电路(application specific integrated circuit，ASIC)、电子电路、用于执行一个或多个软件或固件程序的处理器(例如共享处理器、专有处理器或组处理器等)和存储器、合并逻辑电路和/或其它支持所描述的功能的合适组件。在一个可选例子中，本领域技术人员可以理解，装置2000可以具体为上述实施例中的第一UPF或第一转发设备，装置2000可以用于执行上述方法实施例中与第一UPF或第一转发设备对应的各个流程和/或步骤，为避免重复，在此不再赘述。It should be understood that the device 2000 here is embodied in the form of a functional module. The term "module" here may refer to an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an electronic circuit, a processor (such as a shared processor, a proprietary processor or a group processor, etc.) and a memory for executing one or more software or firmware programs, a merged logic circuit and/or other suitable components that support the described functions. In an optional example, those skilled in the art may understand that the device 2000 may be specifically the first UPF or the first forwarding device in the above-mentioned embodiment, and the device 2000 may be used to execute the various processes and/or steps corresponding to the first UPF or the first forwarding device in the above-mentioned method embodiment. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.
上述装置2000具有实现上述方法中第一UPF或第一转发设备执行的相应步骤的功能：上述功能可以通过硬件实现，也可以通过硬件执行相应的软件实现。该硬件或软件包括一个或多个与上述功能相对应的模块。例如，该接收模块2001可以用于执行接收动作的各个步骤和/或流程，发送模块2002可以用于执行发送动作的各个步骤和/或流程。该接收模块2001可以由接收器替代，该发送模块2002可以由发射器替代，分别执行上述方法实施例中的收发操作以及相关的处理操作。The above-mentioned device 2000 has the function of implementing the corresponding steps performed by the first UPF or the first forwarding device in the above-mentioned method: the above-mentioned function can be implemented by hardware, or can be implemented by hardware executing the corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions. For example, the receiving module 2001 can be used to execute the various steps and/or processes of the receiving action, and the sending module 2002 can be used to execute the various steps and/or processes of the sending action. The receiving module 2001 can be replaced by a receiver, and the sending module 2002 can be replaced by a transmitter, respectively performing the receiving and sending operations and related processing operations in the above-mentioned method embodiment.
在本申请的实施例，图20中的数据传输装置2000也可以是芯片或者芯片系统，例如：片上系统(system on chip，SOC)。对应的，接收模块2001和发送模块2002可以是该芯片的收发电路，在此不做限定。In the embodiment of the present application, the data transmission device 2000 in FIG20 may also be a chip or a chip system, such as a system on chip (SOC). Correspondingly, the receiving module 2001 and the sending module 2002 may be the transceiver circuit of the chip, which is not limited here.
图21示出了本申请实施例提供的另一种数据传输装置2100，该数据传输装置2100包括处理器2101、收发器2102和存储器2103。其中，处理器2101、收发器2102和存储器2103通过内部连接通路相互通信，该存储器2103用于存储命令，该处理器2101用于执行该存储器2103存储的指令，以控制该收发2102发送信号和/或接收信号。FIG21 shows another data transmission device 2100 provided in an embodiment of the present application, and the data transmission device 2100 includes a processor 2101, a transceiver 2102, and a memory 2103. The processor 2101, the transceiver 2102, and the memory 2103 communicate with each other through an internal connection path, the memory 2103 is used to store commands, and the processor 2101 is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory 2103 to control the transceiver 2102 to send signals and/or receive signals.
应理解，数据传输装置2100可以具体为上述实施例中的第一UPF或第一转发设备，并且可以用于执行上述方法实施例中与第一UPF或第一转发设备对应的各个步骤和/或流程。可选地，该存储器2103可以包括只读存储器和随机存储器，并向处理器2101提供指令和数据。存储器2103的一部分还可以包括非易失性随机存取存储器。例如，存储器2103还可以存储设备类型的信息。该处理器2101可以用于执行存储器中存储的指令，并且当该处理器2101执行存储器中存储的指令时，该处理器2101用于执行上述与该第一UPF或第一转发设备对应的方法实施例的各个步骤和/或流程。该收发器2102可以包括发射器和接收器，该发射器可以用于实现上述收发器对应的用于执行发送动作的各个步骤和/或流程，该接收器可以用于实现上述收发器对应的用于执行接收动作的各个步骤和/或流程。It should be understood that the data transmission device 2100 can be specifically the first UPF or the first forwarding device in the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be used to execute the various steps and/or processes corresponding to the first UPF or the first forwarding device in the above-mentioned method embodiment. Optionally, the memory 2103 may include a read-only memory and a random access memory, and provide instructions and data to the processor 2101. A part of the memory 2103 may also include a non-volatile random access memory. For example, the memory 2103 may also store information about the device type. The processor 2101 may be used to execute instructions stored in the memory, and when the processor 2101 executes the instructions stored in the memory, the processor 2101 is used to execute the various steps and/or processes of the method embodiment corresponding to the first UPF or the first forwarding device. The transceiver 2102 may include a transmitter and a receiver, the transmitter may be used to implement the various steps and/or processes corresponding to the above-mentioned transceiver for performing the sending action, and the receiver may be used to implement the various steps and/or processes corresponding to the above-mentioned transceiver for performing the receiving action.
应理解，在本申请实施例中，该处理器2101可以是中央处理单元(centralprocessing unit，CPU)，该处理器2101还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。It should be understood that in the embodiment of the present application, the processor 2101 may be a central processing unit (CPU), and the processor 2101 may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc.
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器执行存储器中的指令，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in the form of software. The steps of the method disclosed in conjunction with the embodiment of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware processor for execution, or a combination of hardware and software modules in a processor for execution. The software module can be located in a storage medium mature in the art such as a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, etc. The storage medium is located in a memory, and the processor executes the instructions in the memory, and completes the steps of the above method in conjunction with its hardware. To avoid repetition, it is not described in detail here.
本申请还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质，该计算机可读存储介质用于存储计算机程序，该计算机程序用于实现上述实施例中与第一UPF或第一转发设备对应的方法。The present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which is used to store a computer program, and the computer program is used to implement the method corresponding to the first UPF or the first forwarding device in the above embodiment.
本申请还提供了一种计算机程序产品，该计算机程序产品包括计算机程序(也可以称为代码，或指令)，当该计算机程序在计算机上运行时，该计算机可以执行上述实施例所示的第一UPF或第一转发设备对应的方法。The present application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program (also referred to as code or instructions). When the computer program runs on a computer, the computer can execute the method corresponding to the first UPF or the first forwarding device shown in the above embodiment.
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的模块及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the modules and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professional and technical personnel can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和模块的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and modules described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述模块的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个模块或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或模块的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the modules is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple modules or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or modules, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
所述作为分离部件说明的模块可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为模块显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理模块，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络模块上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。The modules described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as modules may or may not be physical modules, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network modules. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能模块可以集成在一个处理模块中，也可以是各个模块单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上模块集成在一个模块中。In addition, each functional module in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing module, or each module may exist physically separately, or two or more modules may be integrated into one module.
所述功能如果以软件功能模块的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(read-only memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(random access memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。If the functions are implemented in the form of software function modules and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be essentially or partly embodied in the form of a software product that contributes to the prior art. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk.
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请实施例的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请实施例揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请实施例的保护范围之内。因此，本申请实施例的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the embodiments of the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the embodiments of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN202211315844.6ACN117979359A (en) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | Data transmission method and device |
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| CN202211315844.6ACN117979359A (en) | 2022-10-26 | 2022-10-26 | Data transmission method and device |
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| CN118631575A (en)* | 2024-07-04 | 2024-09-10 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | A resource pool data forwarding method and system |
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| CN118631575A (en)* | 2024-07-04 | 2024-09-10 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | A resource pool data forwarding method and system |
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