技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及操作系统技术领域，具体为一种智能Linux操作系统。The present invention relates to the technical field of operating systems, in particular to an intelligent Linux operating system.
背景技术Background technique
Linux操作系统是UNIX操作系统的一种克隆系统，借助于Internet网络，并通过全世界各地计算机爱好者的共同努力，已成为今天世界上使用最多的一种UNIX 类操作系统，并且使用人数还在迅猛增长。The Linux operating system is a clone of the UNIX operating system. With the help of the Internet and the joint efforts of computer enthusiasts from all over the world, it has become the most widely used UNIX-like operating system in the world today, and the number of users is still growing rapidly.
现有的Linux操作系统用户之间需要采用路由器实现网关功能，网关其功能即就是寻路——给 IP 包寻找正确的路径以通往目的地，使得两个Linux操作系统用户之间得以交流互动，若缺少路由器这一网关，则无法实现Linux操作系统用户之间的互动。Existing Linux operating system users need to use routers to implement gateway functions. The function of the gateway is to find the path - to find the correct path for the IP packet to reach the destination, so that two Linux operating system users can communicate and interact with each other. If the router as a gateway is missing, the interaction between Linux operating system users cannot be realized.
于是，有鉴于此，针对现有的结构及缺失予以研究改良，提出一种智能Linux操作系统。Therefore, in view of this, the existing structure and defects are studied and improved, and an intelligent Linux operating system is proposed.
发明内容Summary of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种智能Linux操作系统，解决了上述背景技术中提出的问题。In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent Linux operating system that solves the problems raised in the above background technology.
为实现以上目的，本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现：一种智能Linux操作系统，所述智能Linux操作系统包括下述操作内容：To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented by the following technical solutions: an intelligent Linux operating system, the intelligent Linux operating system includes the following operating contents:
S1、登录及退出和关闭系统：S1. Log in, log out and shut down the system:
在 login：提示符之后输入要登录系统的用户名，当看到屏幕上出现 Password:提示时，输入该用户的口令，然后按下<Enter>键；Enter the user name to log in to the system after the login: prompt. When you see the Password: prompt on the screen, enter the user's password and press the <Enter> key.
用户名分为两种：一种是系统管理员使用的帐号，也称为超级用户帐号，用 root表示，使用它可以在系统中做任何操作；另一种是普通用户帐号，只能进行权限范围内的操作，由于在安装过程中只创建了一个 root 帐户，所以在第一次登录系统时只能以 root身份进入；There are two types of user names: one is the account used by the system administrator, also known as the super user account, represented by root, which can perform any operation in the system; the other is the ordinary user account, which can only perform operations within the scope of authority. Since only one root account is created during the installation process, you can only log in as root when you log in for the first time.
只有授权的用户才能够登录并进入系统，如果输入的用户名和口令都正确，系统会在屏幕上显示shell 提示符表示登录成功；Only authorized users can log in and enter the system. If the username and password entered are correct, the system will display a shell prompt on the screen to indicate a successful login;
如果输入的用户名或口令不正确，系统将发出登录错误的信息；If the user name or password entered is incorrect, the system will issue a login error message;
完成任务退出系统时，请在提示符后面输入命令 logout 或 exit，然后按下<Enter>键，系统进行相应处理后，即返回到显示登录提示信息的屏幕下，在 shell 提示符之后，同时按下<Ctrl+D>也可以退出系统；To exit the system after completing the task, enter the command logout or exit after the prompt, and then press the <Enter> key. After the system performs the corresponding processing, it returns to the screen displaying the login prompt information. After the shell prompt, you can also exit the system by pressing <Ctrl+D> at the same time.
系统管理员可以用 poweroff 或 halt 命令关闭系统，用 reboot 命令重启系统，此外，shutdown 命令的使用更为灵活：输入没有参数的 shutdown 命令，2分钟后即可关闭系统，shutdown 命令还可以加参数选项；System administrators can shut down the system with the poweroff or halt command and restart the system with the reboot command. In addition, the shutdown command is more flexible: enter the shutdown command without parameters to shut down the system after 2 minutes. The shutdown command can also be added with parameter options;
S2、命令行界面和图像桌面环境：S2, command line interface and graphical desktop environment:
用户进入 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 环境时系统将自动启动相应shell，shell 是一种命令行解释程序即command-language interpreter，负责用户和操作系统之间的沟通，在提示符下输入的每个命令都是由 shell解释后传给Linux内核执行的，通过shell可以启动、挂起、停止甚至编写程序，Shell的种类有很多，Red Flag AsianuxServer Linux 的默认 shell 是 Bash；When the user enters the Red Flag Asianux Server Linux environment, the system will automatically start the corresponding shell. The shell is a command-language interpreter that is responsible for the communication between the user and the operating system. Each command entered at the prompt is interpreted by the shell and then passed to the Linux kernel for execution. The shell can be used to start, suspend, stop, and even write programs. There are many types of shells. The default shell of Red Flag Asianux Server Linux is Bash.
Bash 是 Bourne Again Shell 的缩写，在 Bash 下，root 帐号用“#”作为提示符，普通用户用“$”作为提示符；Bash is the abbreviation of Bourne Again Shell. In Bash, the root account uses "#" as the prompt, and ordinary users use "$" as the prompt;
GNOME 桌面环境是 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 的缺省图形环境，用户在文本方式登录后，键入命令系统将启动 GNOME 桌面环境，也可以通过在命令行中，键入命令的方法来启动桌面系统；GNOME desktop environment is the default graphical environment of Red Flag Asianux Server Linux. After the user logs in in text mode, the system will start the GNOME desktop environment by typing a command. The desktop system can also be started by typing a command in the command line.
S3、桌面环境：S3, Desktop Environment:
在桌面环境下启动应用程序有以下方法：There are the following ways to start applications in a desktop environment:
单击面板上的应用程序图标；Click the application icon on the panel;
在系统主菜单及其子菜单上选择要运行的应用程序；Select the application you want to run on the system main menu and its submenus;
在打开的窗口中输入应用程序的名称；In the window that opens, enter the name of the application;
在文件管理器中浏览文件系统，找到应用程序后运行；Navigate the file system in the file manager, find the application and run it;
S4、基本配置和桌面定制：S4, basic configuration and desktop customization:
用系统设置能够方便有效地进行以下几类操作：The system settings can be used to conveniently and effectively perform the following types of operations:
配置系统基本硬件设备 ；Configure basic system hardware equipment;
查看系统信息、日志、进程；View system information, logs, and processes;
执行系统配置和管理任务；Perform system configuration and administration tasks;
定制个性化的桌面环境；Customize your desktop environment;
进行网络服务配置；Perform network service configuration;
网络配置包括“手动设置”和“自动设置”两部分，基本网络配置项用于完成网络接口设备的加载和基本网络参数的设置，单击“自动检测”按钮，系统可以检测出几乎所有的PCI 网卡和笔记本使用的 PCMCIA网卡，选择“保存”；The network configuration includes two parts: "Manual Settings" and "Automatic Settings". The basic network configuration items are used to complete the loading of network interface devices and the setting of basic network parameters. Click the "Auto Detect" button, and the system can detect almost all PCI network cards and PCMCIA network cards used in notebooks. Select "Save";
配置程序会探测出机器中安装的多块网卡，依次以 virbr0、… 表示，“IO”和“IRQ”定义了网卡使用的 I/O 端口地址和中断号，自动检测出的网卡不需要填写，只有当程序不能正确识别网卡的 I/O 和 IRQ 号时，才需要用户手动给出；The configuration program will detect multiple network cards installed in the machine, represented by virbr0, ... in sequence. "IO" and "IRQ" define the I/O port address and interrupt number used by the network card. The network card detected automatically does not need to be filled in. Only when the program cannot correctly identify the I/O and IRQ number of the network card, the user needs to manually enter it;
“网卡参数”用来指定主机分配 IP 地址的模式：“手工指定”需要人工指定网卡的配置信息；“自动获得”表示自动获得 IP 地址，网关和子网掩码均无需填写，但前提是网络中存在额外的引导服务器如 DHCP 服务器；"Network Card Parameters" is used to specify the mode of assigning IP addresses to hosts: "Manually specify" requires manual specification of the network card configuration information; "Automatically obtain" means automatically obtaining the IP address, and the gateway and subnet mask do not need to be filled in, but the premise is that there is an additional boot server such as a DHCP server in the network;
“主机名和域名”：主机名称与所在域名组合而成的完全合格域名；“Host Name and Domain Name”: the fully qualified domain name consisting of the host name and the domain name in which it is located;
“IP 地址”和“子网掩码”分别用来指定当前网卡使用的 IP 地址及其子网掩码，如果选择的是手工配置方式，就必须输入这些信息；"IP address" and "Subnet mask" are used to specify the IP address and subnet mask used by the current network card. If you choose manual configuration, you must enter this information;
一般来说，一块网卡对应一个IP 地址，但是一个网卡可以绑定多个IP 地址，尤其是服务器的网卡，绑定多个 IP 地址的情况很常见，要实现一块网卡对应多个 IP 地址，请选中“允许绑定多 IP”一项，在窗口底部的列表中输入要绑定的 IP 地址及其子网掩码；Generally speaking, one network card corresponds to one IP address, but one network card can be bound to multiple IP addresses, especially the network card of the server. It is very common to bind multiple IP addresses. To achieve one network card corresponding to multiple IP addresses, please select "Allow binding of multiple IPs" and enter the IP address and subnet mask to be bound in the list at the bottom of the window;
配置完成后，“当前设备”框中将列出被加载的网卡，接下来，在“基本网络配置”主窗口的底部的文本框中进行网关和 DNS 的设置；After the configuration is completed, the loaded network card will be listed in the "Current Device" box. Next, set the gateway and DNS in the text box at the bottom of the "Basic Network Configuration" main window;
“缺省网关”：默认网关的 IP 地址，由主机所处网络环境而定；"Default Gateway": The IP address of the default gateway, which is determined by the network environment where the host is located;
“缺省域名服务器”：输入主机所在域的默认 DNS 服务器地址；"Default Domain Name Server": Enter the default DNS server address of the domain where the host is located;
“备用域名服务器”：为保证系统能够正常地解析域名，可以配置备用的域名服务器，此项是可选的；"Alternate domain name server": To ensure that the system can resolve domain names normally, you can configure an alternate domain name server. This item is optional.
点击“应用”或“确定”按钮后，网络参数设置即可生效，使用 ifconfig 命令查看网络信息，如果在第一块网卡 virbr0 上绑定了其他的 IP 地址，那么与这些 IP 地址对应的设备名是实际物理网卡的设备别名，它们通常使用设备名、冒号和数字来代表，如virbr0:0 表示virbr0 的第一个别名，virbr0 的第二个别名的设备名会是 virbr0:1，依此类推；After clicking the "Apply" or "OK" button, the network parameter settings will take effect. Use the ifconfig command to view the network information. If other IP addresses are bound to the first network card virbr0, the device names corresponding to these IP addresses are the device aliases of the actual physical network cards. They are usually represented by device names, colons, and numbers. For example, virbr0:0 represents the first alias of virbr0, and the device name of the second alias of virbr0 will be virbr0:1, and so on.
S5、网关设置：S5. Gateway settings:
利用网络配置工具可以配置一台 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 主机实现路由器的功能，路由器通常也被称为网关，是从一个子网向另一个子网发送数据包的装置，简单地说，其功能就是寻路——给 IP 包寻找正确的路径以通往目的地；Using the network configuration tool, you can configure a Red Flag Asianux Server Linux host to implement the function of a router. A router is also commonly called a gateway. It is a device that sends data packets from one subnet to another. Simply put, its function is to find the path - to find the correct path for the IP packet to reach the destination;
路由器上运行的路由信息可以是静态配置的，也可以是动态产生，根据网络的配置情况手工设置的固定路径称为静态路由表，网络结构改变时需手工改动相应的表项；The routing information running on the router can be statically configured or dynamically generated. The fixed path manually set according to the network configuration is called a static routing table. When the network structure changes, the corresponding table items need to be manually modified;
在没有路由器的情况下，只有同一个 IP 子网内的主机才能通信，为了使两个不同子网中的计算机可以互相访问，有必要在两子网间建立一个网关；In the absence of a router, only hosts in the same IP subnet can communicate. In order for computers in two different subnets to access each other, it is necessary to establish a gateway between the two subnets.
可以配置一台 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 主机成为网关，一个网关必然有两个以上的的网卡或 IP 地址，这样才存在路由的功能；You can configure a Red Flag Asianux Server Linux host to be a gateway. A gateway must have more than two network cards or IP addresses, so that the routing function can exist;
一台计算机可以有多个 IP 地址，例如，现在有两个子网，网络地址分别是192.9.200.0和172.16.82.0，那么首先为服务器分配两个IP地址及其它网络参数：其中一个 IP 地址在第一个网段中，为 192.9.200.12；另一个 IP 地址在第二个网段中，为172.16.82.11；A computer can have multiple IP addresses. For example, there are two subnets with network addresses of 192.9.200.0 and 172.16.82.0. First, assign two IP addresses and other network parameters to the server: one IP address is in the first network segment, 192.9.200.12; the other IP address is in the second network segment, 172.16.82.11.
网卡参数配置好后，需要启动 IP 转发功能，在“网关”页中选中如下图所示的的“仅将连接用于相应的网络资源”，单击“确定”按钮，即可使配置生效，这时服务器可以作为两个不同网络的网关，提供路由功能，由这两个 IP 地址充当网关，就能将两个网段连接在一起了；After configuring the network card parameters, you need to enable the IP forwarding function. In the "Gateway" page, select "Use the connection only for corresponding network resources" as shown in the figure below, and click the "OK" button to make the configuration effective. At this time, the server can serve as the gateway of two different networks and provide routing functions. With these two IP addresses acting as gateways, the two network segments can be connected together.
S6、系统监视：S6. System monitoring:
系统性能监控工具用于监视计算机中的资源使用情况：包括系统监视与性能警报；System performance monitoring tools are used to monitor resource usage in computers: including system monitoring and performance alerts;
监视系统性能是维护和管理 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 系统的重要部分，根据性能数据可以实现下述作用：Monitoring system performance is an important part of maintaining and managing the Red Flag Asianux Server Linux system. The following functions can be achieved based on performance data:
了解工作负荷以及对系统资源的相应影响；Understand workloads and the corresponding impact on system resources;
观察工作负荷和资源使用的变化和趋势，以便计划今后的升级；Observe changes and trends in workload and resource usage to plan future upgrades;
利用监视结果来测试配置更改或其他调整结果；Use monitoring results to test configuration changes or other tuning results;
诊断问题和目标组件及过程，用于优化处理；diagnose problems and target components and processes for optimized processing;
“系统监视器”和“性能警报”提供有关操作系统特定组件和设计用于搜集性能数据的服务器程序所用资源的详细数据，图形显示性能监视数据，当监测项值到达、高于或低于定义的阈值时，警报将通过各种通报手段告知用户；"System Monitor" and "Performance Alerts" provide detailed data about the resources used by specific components of the operating system and server programs designed to collect performance data, graphically display performance monitoring data, and alerts will notify users through various notification methods when the monitored item values reach, exceed, or fall below the defined thresholds;
S7、运行级别：S7, operation level:
一个运行级别（runlevel）是初始化进程在系统进入某运行级别时需要完成的启动或停止服务，它描述了系统能够提供什么服务和不能提供什么服务，运行级别是用数字来定义的，Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 中定义了 7 个运行级别；A runlevel is the start or stop service that the initialization process needs to complete when the system enters a certain runlevel. It describes what services the system can provide and what services it cannot provide. The runlevel is defined by numbers. Red Flag Asianux Server Linux defines 7 runlevels;
可以使用命令切换到“运行级 3 ”或“运行级 5 ” ；You can use commands to switch to "run level 3" or "run level 5";
S8、日志：S8. Log:
Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 中内建了一个基于系统日志协议的标准日志记录系统，许多程序使用此系统记录事件，并将它们整理到日志文件中，Red Flag AsianuxServer Linux 中的系统日志消息由两个服务负责处理，他们是 systemd-journald 和rsyslog，systemd-journald 守护进程提供一种改进的日志管理服务，可以收集来自内核，启动过程的早期阶段，标准输出，系统日志，以及守护进程启动和运行期间的错误的消息，它将这些消息写到一个结构化的事件 日志中，默认情况下不在重新启动之间保留，这允许系统日志所错过的系统日志消息和时间收集到一个中央数据库中，系统消息可以由systemd-journald 转发到 rsyslog 以做进一步处理，rsyslog 服务随后根据类型或设备和优先级排列系统日志消息，将他们写入到/var/log 目录内的永久文件中，/var/log 目录保管由 rsyslog 维护的各种特定于系统和服务的日志文件。A standard logging system based on the system log protocol is built into Red Flag Asianux Server Linux. Many programs use this system to record events and organize them into log files. The system log messages in Red Flag AsianuxServer Linux are handled by two services, namely systemd-journald and rsyslog. The systemd-journald daemon provides an improved log management service that can collect messages from the kernel, the early stages of the boot process, standard output, system logs, and errors during the startup and operation of daemons. It writes these messages to a structured event log that is not retained between reboots by default. This allows the system log messages and times missed by the system log to be collected into a central database. System messages can be forwarded by systemd-journald to rsyslog for further processing. The rsyslog service then arranges system log messages according to type or device and priority, and writes them to permanent files in the /var/log directory. The /var/log directory holds various system- and service-specific log files maintained by rsyslog.
进一步的，所述S1步骤中，输入用户名、口令与命令名时要区分大小写。Furthermore, in the step S1, the user name, password and command name are inputted in a case-sensitive manner.
进一步的，所述S2步骤中，如果设置了以图形方式登录系统，需要在对话框中输入正确的登录用户名和密码，并单击“登录”按钮，系统将启动 GNOME 桌面环境。Furthermore, in the step S2, if the system is set to log in in graphical mode, it is necessary to enter the correct login user name and password in the dialog box and click the "Login" button, and the system will start the GNOME desktop environment.
进一步的，所述S2步骤中，shell是一种命令行解释程序，它提供用户与操作系统之间的接口，Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 中默认的 shell 是 bash。Furthermore, in the step S2, shell is a command line interpreter that provides an interface between a user and an operating system. The default shell in Red Flag Asianux Server Linux is bash.
进一步的，所述S2步骤中，在 shell 提示符下输入相应的命令，然后按<Enter>键确认，shell 会读取该命令并执行。Furthermore, in the step S2, enter the corresponding command at the shell prompt and press the <Enter> key to confirm. The shell will read and execute the command.
进一步的，所述S4步骤中，“网卡配置”图中的“当前设备”框下面的按钮作用如下：Furthermore, in the step S4, the buttons under the "Current Device" box in the "Network Card Configuration" diagram have the following functions:
添加网卡：加载新网卡，更换网卡或系统网络参数发生变化后重新配置；Add network card: load a new network card, replace the network card or reconfigure after the system network parameters change;
修改参数：用于修改已加载网卡的配置参数；Modify parameters: used to modify the configuration parameters of the loaded network card;
卸载设备：用于更换网卡或暂时停止网络连接。Uninstall device: used to replace the network card or temporarily stop the network connection.
进一步的，所述S6步骤中，使用“系统监视器”可以衡量自己计算机或网络中其他计算机的性能，收集并查看本地计算机上的实时性能数据，收集和查看大量有关被管理的计算机中硬件资源使用和系统服务活动的数据，可以通过下列方式定义要求图形搜集的数据：Furthermore, in step S6, the "system monitor" can be used to measure the performance of one's own computer or other computers in the network, collect and view real-time performance data on the local computer, collect and view a large amount of data on the hardware resource usage and system service activities in the managed computer, and the data required to be collected by the graph can be defined in the following ways:
数据类型：type of data:
要选择搜集的数据，请指定性能对象、性能监测项和对象实例，一些对象提供有关系统资源例如内存的数据，而其他对象则提供有关应用程序运行的数据例如计算机中正在运行的系统进程；To select the data to be collected, specify the performance object, performance monitoring item, and object instance. Some objects provide data about system resources such as memory, while other objects provide data about application operation such as system processes running on the computer.
数据源：data source:
“系统监视器”可以从本地计算机中搜集数据，它支持根据需要手动采样或根据指定的时间间隔自动采样，除了定义数据内容的选项，在设计“系统监视器”视图的外观时还有相当大的灵活性；System Monitor can collect data from the local computer. It supports manual sampling on demand or automatic sampling at specified intervals. In addition to options for defining the content of the data, there is considerable flexibility in designing the appearance of the System Monitor view.
显示类型：Display Type:
系统监视器支持图形和直方图视图，图形视图为默认视图，提供的可选设置最多；System Monitor supports both graph and histogram views. The graph view is the default view and provides the most optional settings.
显示特征：Display features:
可以定义各种视图显示的颜色和比例。You can define the colors and scales of the various view displays.
进一步的，所述S6步骤中，使用“性能警报”可以自动从本地计算机搜集性能数据，可以在计数器上设置警报，从而定义如果所选计数器的值超过或低于指定设置，则发送消息、运行程序或记录日志；Furthermore, in the step S6, the performance data can be automatically collected from the local computer using "Performance Alerts", and an alert can be set on a counter, thereby defining that if the value of the selected counter exceeds or falls below the specified setting, a message is sent, a program is run, or a log is recorded;
与“系统监视器”类似，“性能警报”支持定义性能对象、性能监测项、对象示例以及设置监视有关硬件资源和系统服务数据的采样间隔。Similar to System Monitor, Performance Alert supports defining performance objects, performance monitoring items, object samples, and setting sampling intervals for monitoring data about hardware resources and system services.
进一步的，所述S7步骤中，systemd 使用链接来指向默认的运行级别；Furthermore, in step S7, systemd uses a link to point to the default run level;
一个运行级别包含一组停止服务和一组启动服务，进入一个新的运行级别时比如使用 init 0 命令从当前级别切换到 0 级别，也就是停机，停止服务组中的服务首先被依次停止，然后启动服务组中的服务被依次启动，停止或启动服务的顺序由服务顺序号决定，服务顺序号是一个0到99之间的整数，服务顺序号越小，该服务就越先被启动或停止，不同的服务可以使用同一个服务顺序号；A run level contains a group of stopped services and a group of started services. When entering a new run level, for example, using the init 0 command to switch from the current level to level 0, that is, shutting down, the services in the stopped service group are stopped in sequence first, and then the services in the started service group are started in sequence. The order of stopping or starting services is determined by the service sequence number, which is an integer between 0 and 99. The smaller the service sequence number, the earlier the service is started or stopped. Different services can use the same service sequence number;
系统缺省安装的服务都有各自缺省的启动顺序号和停止顺序号，改变启动顺序号时必 须保证该服务所依赖的其它服务的顺序号都大于该服务的启动顺序号，改变停止顺序号时必须保证依赖于该服务的其它服务的顺序号都小于该服务的停止顺序号，也就是先启后停。The services installed by default in the system have their own default start sequence number and stop sequence number. When changing the start sequence number, you must ensure that the sequence numbers of other services that the service depends on are greater than the start sequence number of the service. When changing the stop sequence number, you must ensure that the sequence numbers of other services that depend on the service are less than the stop sequence number of the service, that is, start first and then stop.
进一步的，所述S8步骤中，当 Asianux Server 系统出现问题而现场无法解决的时候，现场人员需要帮助的情况下，首先收集日志，然后将收集的日志发送给原厂人员，日志收集方法需要 sysdump 的脚本，执行之后，会在当前目录下生成一个以主机名命名的压缩包，把收集好的日志拷贝出来发送给原厂人员；Furthermore, in the step S8, when a problem occurs in the Asianux Server system and cannot be solved on site, if the on-site personnel need help, they first collect logs and then send the collected logs to the original factory personnel. The log collection method requires a sysdump script. After execution, a compressed package named with the host name will be generated in the current directory. The collected logs are copied and sent to the original factory personnel.
所述S8步骤中，当 Asianux Server 系统出现问题而现场无法解决的时候，现场人员需要帮助的情况下，首先收集日志，然后将收集的日志发送给原厂人员，日志收集方法需要 sysdump 的脚本，执行之后，会在当前目录下生成一个以主机名命名的压缩包，把收集好的日志拷贝出来发送给原厂人员。In the step S8, when a problem occurs in the Asianux Server system and cannot be solved on site, if the on-site personnel need help, they first collect logs and then send the collected logs to the original factory personnel. The log collection method requires a sysdump script. After execution, a compressed package named with the host name will be generated in the current directory. The collected logs are copied and sent to the original factory personnel.
一种智能Linux操作系统，所述智能Linux操作系统还包括下述操作内容：An intelligent Linux operating system, the intelligent Linux operating system also includes the following operations:
在安装好该智能Linux操作系统后，操作者通过声线录入模块录入声线，以为后续的语音辅助操作功能做好准备，具体的，在使用该智能Linux操作系统时，若出现需要本地搜索或打开某类文件、应用时，操作者发出对应操作功能的语音指令，在识别出为操作者所用声线后，该智能Linux操作系统通过识别模块识别语音指令内容，并于后台自动执行该功能操作，直至操作完成后于显示界面角落处以弹窗形式向人员加以提示，人员只需点击弹窗或下达类似切换界面的语音指令即可将后台中只需该功能操作的界面转变为前台显示界面，而在语音指令执行的同时，操作者仍能够在当前界面继续操作而无需频繁中断当前操作而切换显示界面；After installing the intelligent Linux operating system, the operator records the voice through the voice recording module to prepare for the subsequent voice-assisted operation function. Specifically, when using the intelligent Linux operating system, if there is a need to search locally or open a certain type of file or application, the operator issues a voice command corresponding to the operation function. After recognizing the voice used by the operator, the intelligent Linux operating system recognizes the content of the voice command through the recognition module and automatically executes the function operation in the background. After the operation is completed, the operator is prompted in the form of a pop-up window in the corner of the display interface. The operator only needs to click on the pop-up window or issue a voice command similar to switching the interface to transform the interface in the background that only needs the function operation into the foreground display interface. While the voice command is being executed, the operator can still continue to operate in the current interface without frequently interrupting the current operation to switch the display interface.
在识别模块识别语音指令内容会以弹窗形式于当前界面的角落处以文字形式显示操作指令，操作者通过观测文字指令确定内容是否有误，若有字体有误，操作者直接通过语音输入的方式改变错字，如：弹窗显示的内容为“打开word格式的一种防坍塌的摇动”，其中的“摇动”应为“窑洞”，此时操作者在观测到字体错误时，直接语音修改，具体的则是操作者发出“修改‘摇动’改为‘窑洞’”的语音内容，识别模块识别到“修改”为功能词，此时修改模块则基于此将后续的功能内容实现，即将“摇动”改为“窑洞”，使得弹窗显示的内容为“打开word格式的一种防坍塌的窑洞”；When the recognition module recognizes the content of the voice command, the operation command will be displayed in the form of text in the corner of the current interface in the form of a pop-up window. The operator determines whether the content is correct by observing the text command. If there is a font error, the operator directly changes the wrong word by voice input. For example, the content displayed in the pop-up window is "Open a kind of anti-collapse shaking in word format", where "shake" should be "cave dwelling". At this time, when the operator observes the font error, he directly modifies it by voice. Specifically, the operator sends out the voice content of "change 'shake' to 'cave dwelling'". The recognition module recognizes "modify" as a functional word. At this time, the modification module implements the subsequent functional content based on this, that is, changes "shake" to "cave dwelling", so that the content displayed in the pop-up window is "Open a kind of anti-collapse cave dwelling in word format";
其中，识别模块识别如“打开word格式的一种防坍塌的窑洞”此类语音指令时，开头的“打开”为功能操作词，基于开头功能操作词的含义，操作模块进行对应的操作，中间的“word格式”为限定词，用于搜索模块缩小搜索范围，以提高搜索精准度，最后的“一种防坍塌的窑洞”为搜索内容，搜索模块基于搜索内容于该系统内搜索对应的相关内容并于后台排列显示，并在操作者点击后或下达对应的语音指令后转变为前台显示界面，而限定词也能够不添加，仅基于最后的搜索内容由搜索模块进行大范围搜索；Among them, when the recognition module recognizes such voice instructions as "open a cave dwelling that prevents collapse in word format", the initial "open" is a functional operation word. Based on the meaning of the initial functional operation word, the operation module performs a corresponding operation. The middle "word format" is a qualifier, which is used by the search module to narrow the search scope to improve the search accuracy. The last "a cave dwelling that prevents collapse" is the search content. The search module searches for corresponding related content in the system based on the search content and arranges and displays it in the background. After the operator clicks or issues a corresponding voice command, it is transformed into a foreground display interface. The qualifier can also be not added, and the search module performs a large-scale search based on the last search content.
而在切换界面时亦可通过发出语音指令“同屏显示”或“分屏显示”此类显示方式来选择切换界面时的展现。When switching interfaces, you can also choose the display mode by issuing voice commands such as "same screen display" or "split screen display".
本发明提供了一种智能Linux操作系统，具备以下有益效果：The present invention provides an intelligent Linux operating system, which has the following beneficial effects:
该智能Linux操作系统，“系统监视器”和“性能警报”提供有关操作系统特定组件和设计用于搜集性能数据的服务器程序所用资源的详细数据，图形显示性能监视数据，当监测项值到达、高于或低于定义的阈值时，警报将通过各种通报手段告知用户，从而了解工作负荷以及对系统资源的相应影响，观察工作负荷和资源使用的变化和趋势，以便计划今后的升级，而且利用监视结果来测试配置更改或其他调整结果，诊断问题和目标组件及过程，用于优化处理。This intelligent Linux operating system, "System Monitor" and "Performance Alerts" provide detailed data about the resources used by specific components of the operating system and server programs designed to collect performance data, and graphically display performance monitoring data. When the monitored item value reaches, exceeds or falls below the defined threshold, the alert will inform the user through various notification methods, so as to understand the workload and the corresponding impact on system resources, observe changes and trends in workload and resource usage, so as to plan future upgrades, and use monitoring results to test configuration changes or other adjustment results, diagnose problems and target components and processes for optimization processing.
该智能Linux操作系统，在没有路由器的情况下，只有同一个 IP 子网内的主机才能通信，为了使两个不同子网中的计算机可以互相访问，有必要在两子网间建立一个网关，可以配置一台 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 主机成为网关，一个网关必然有两个以上的的网卡或 IP 地址，这样才存在路由的功能，网卡参数配置好后，需要启动 IP 转发功能，在“网关”页中选中如下图所示的的“仅将连接用于相应的网络资源”，单击“确定”按钮，即可使配置生效，这时服务器可以作为两个不同网络的网关，提供路由功能，由这两个 IP地址充当网关，就能将两个网段连接在一起了，由此在路由器失效或没有路由器情况下也可实现Linux操作系统用户之间的互动。In the case of no router, only hosts in the same IP subnet can communicate with this intelligent Linux operating system. In order to allow computers in two different subnets to access each other, it is necessary to establish a gateway between the two subnets. A Red Flag Asianux Server Linux host can be configured as a gateway. A gateway must have more than two network cards or IP addresses, so that the routing function exists. After the network card parameters are configured, the IP forwarding function needs to be enabled. In the "Gateway" page, select "Only use the connection for corresponding network resources" as shown in the figure below, and click the "OK" button to make the configuration effective. At this time, the server can serve as a gateway for two different networks and provide routing functions. With these two IP addresses acting as gateways, the two network segments can be connected together, thereby enabling interaction between Linux operating system users when the router fails or there is no router.
该智能Linux操作系统，利用识别模块识别语音指令内容，通过依次识别中的功能操作词、限定词和搜索内容，从而于系统后台自动执行对应的操作，并在操作完成后只需人员语音或点击弹窗的方式即可展开后台界面，且还可通过语音指令选择界面展开和布局方式，由此在语音指令执行的同时，操作者仍能够在当前界面继续操作而无需频繁中断当前操作而切换显示界面，并且可通过语音发出修改指令对文字显示的指令内容中的错别字加以修正，从而以正确识别指令内容。This intelligent Linux operating system uses a recognition module to recognize the content of voice commands, and automatically executes corresponding operations in the system background by sequentially recognizing functional operation words, qualifiers and search contents. After the operation is completed, the background interface can be expanded by human voice or by clicking on a pop-up window, and the interface expansion and layout method can be selected through voice commands. Therefore, while the voice command is being executed, the operator can still continue to operate in the current interface without frequently interrupting the current operation to switch the display interface, and can correct typos in the text-displayed command content by issuing modification commands through voice, so as to correctly recognize the command content.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明一种智能Linux操作系统的系统步骤示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of system steps of an intelligent Linux operating system according to the present invention;
图2为本发明一种智能Linux操作系统的运行级别示意图；FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an operation level of an intelligent Linux operating system according to the present invention;
图3为本发明一种智能Linux操作系统的系统监控监测项的三个构成元素示意图；FIG3 is a schematic diagram of three components of a system monitoring item of an intelligent Linux operating system according to the present invention;
图4为本发明一种智能Linux操作系统的 Console 终端程序的窗口示意图；FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a window of a Console terminal program of an intelligent Linux operating system according to the present invention;
图5为本发明一种智能Linux操作系统的系统运行级别示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of system operation levels of an intelligent Linux operating system according to the present invention.
实施方式Implementation
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明的实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不能用来限制本发明的范围。The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
如图1-图5所示，本发明提供技术方案：一种智能Linux操作系统，智能Linux操作系统包括下述操作内容：As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , the present invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent Linux operating system, the intelligent Linux operating system includes the following operations:
S1、登录及退出和关闭系统：S1. Log in, log out and shut down the system:
在 login：提示符之后输入要登录系统的用户名，当看到屏幕上出现 Password:提示时，输入该用户的口令，输入用户名、口令与命令名时要区分大小写，然后按下<Enter>键；Enter the user name to log in to the system after the login: prompt. When you see the Password: prompt on the screen, enter the password of the user. The user name, password and command name are case-sensitive, and then press the <Enter> key;
用户名分为两种：一种是系统管理员使用的帐号，也称为超级用户帐号，用 root表示，使用它可以在系统中做任何操作；另一种是普通用户帐号，只能进行权限范围内的操作，由于在安装过程中只创建了一个 root 帐户，所以在第一次登录系统时只能以 root身份进入；There are two types of user names: one is the account used by the system administrator, also known as the super user account, represented by root, which can perform any operation in the system; the other is the ordinary user account, which can only perform operations within the scope of authority. Since only one root account is created during the installation process, you can only log in as root when you log in for the first time.
只有授权的用户才能够登录并进入系统，如果输入的用户名和口令都正确，系统会在屏幕上显示如下的shell 提示符：Only authorized users can log in and enter the system. If the username and password entered are correct, the system will display the following shell prompt on the screen:
[root@localhost /root] # ，此为超级用户方式；[root@localhost /root] # This is the super user mode;
[RedFlag@localhost RedFlag] $ ，此为普通用户方式，此处用户名为 RedFlag；[RedFlag@localhost RedFlag] $, this is the common user mode, where the user name is RedFlag;
显示上述的shell 提示符表示登录成功；Displaying the above shell prompt indicates a successful login;
如果输入的用户名或口令不正确，系统将发出登录错误的信息；If the user name or password entered is incorrect, the system will issue a login error message;
完成任务退出系统时，请在提示符后面输入命令 logout 或 exit，然后按下<Enter>键，系统进行相应处理后，即返回到显示登录提示信息的屏幕下，在 shell 提示符之后，同时按下<Ctrl+D>也可以退出系统；To exit the system after completing the task, enter the command logout or exit after the prompt, and then press the <Enter> key. After the system performs the corresponding processing, it returns to the screen displaying the login prompt information. After the shell prompt, you can also exit the system by pressing <Ctrl+D> at the same time.
系统管理员可以用 poweroff 或 halt 命令关闭系统，用 reboot 命令重启系统，此外，shutdown 命令的使用更为灵活：输入没有参数的 shutdown 命令，2分钟后即可关闭系统，shutdown 命令还可以加一些参数选项：System administrators can shut down the system with the poweroff or halt command and restart the system with the reboot command. In addition, the shutdown command is more flexible: enter the shutdown command without parameters, and the system will be shut down after 2 minutes. The shutdown command can also add some parameter options:
如： now 立即；Such as: now immediately;
+mins 在指定分钟之后；+mins after the specified minutes;
hh:ss 在一个特定的时间内；hh:ss within a specific period of time;
poweroff/halt 命令相当于 shutdown –h now；The poweroff/halt command is equivalent to shutdown –h now;
reboot 命令相当于 shutdown –r now；The reboot command is equivalent to shutdown –r now;
S2、命令行界面和图像桌面环境：S2, command line interface and graphical desktop environment:
命令行界面是 Linux 系统中古老而强大的用户界面，用户进入 Red FlagAsianux Server Linux 环境时系统将自动启动相应 shell，shell 是一种命令行解释程序即command-language interpreter，负责用户和操作系统之间的沟通，在提示符下输入的每个命令都是由 shell解释后传给Linux内核执行的，通过shell可以启动、挂起、停止甚至编写程序，Shell的种类有很多，Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 的默认 shell 是Bash；The command line interface is an old and powerful user interface in the Linux system. When the user enters the Red Flag Asianux Server Linux environment, the system will automatically start the corresponding shell. The shell is a command-language interpreter, which is responsible for the communication between the user and the operating system. Each command entered at the prompt is interpreted by the shell and passed to the Linux kernel for execution. Through the shell, you can start, suspend, stop and even write programs. There are many types of shells. The default shell of Red Flag Asianux Server Linux is Bash;
Bash 是 Bourne Again Shell 的缩写，在 Bash 下，root 帐号用“#”作为提示符，普通用户用“$”作为提示符；Bash is the abbreviation of Bourne Again Shell. In Bash, the root account uses "#" as the prompt, and ordinary users use "$" as the prompt;
GNOME 桌面环境是 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 的缺省图形环境，用户在文本方式登录后，键入如下命令：GNOME desktop environment is the default graphical environment of Red Flag Asianux Server Linux. After logging in in text mode, the user types the following command:
# startx# startx
系统将启动 GNOME 桌面环境，也可以通过在命令行中，键入以下命令的方法来启动桌面系统：The system will start the GNOME desktop environment. You can also start the desktop system by typing the following command in the command line:
# startx 运行 GNOME 桌面环境；# startx runs the GNOME desktop environment;
shell是一种命令行解释程序，它提供用户与操作系统之间的接口，Red FlagAsianux Server Linux 中默认的 shell 是 bash，bash 命令的基本格式如下：Shell is a command line interpreter that provides an interface between the user and the operating system. The default shell in Red FlagAsianux Server Linux is bash. The basic format of bash commands is as follows:
命令名 [选项] [参数 1] [参数 2]…command name [options] [parameter 1] [parameter 2]…
其中方括号括起的部分表明该项对命令行来讲是可选的；The part enclosed in square brackets indicates that the item is optional for the command line;
[选项]：对命令有特别定义，一般以“-”开始，多个选项可用一个“-”连起来，如 ls-l -a与 ls -la 相同，[Options]: Special definitions for commands, usually starting with "-". Multiple options can be connected with a "-", such as ls -l -a is the same as ls -la.
[参数]：提供命令运行的信息，或者是命令执行过程中所使用的文件名；[Parameter]: Provides information about the command execution, or the file name used during the command execution;
在 shell 提示符下输入相应的命令，然后按<Enter>键确认，shell 会读取该命令并执行，如果系统找不到所输入的命令，会显示：Enter the corresponding command at the shell prompt and press <Enter> to confirm. The shell will read the command and execute it. If the system cannot find the command you entered, it will display:
“Command not Found”，这时需要检查键入命令的拼写及大小写是否正确，"Command not found", then you need to check whether the spelling and capitalization of the command you typed are correct.
使用分号（；）可以将两个命令隔开，这样可以实现在一行中输入多个命令，命令的执行顺序和输入的顺序相同；Use a semicolon (;) to separate two commands, so that you can enter multiple commands in one line. The commands are executed in the same order as they are entered.
当要输入的命令目录很深或命令中的文件名很长时，只需按一下<Tab>键，系统就会在可能的命令或文件名中找到相匹配的选项，自动帮您补齐，如果有一个以上的文件符合输入的字符串，不能补齐时，可以按两下<Tab>键，系统将把所有符合的文件名列出来；When the command directory to be entered is very deep or the file name in the command is very long, just press the <Tab> key once and the system will find matching options among possible commands or file names and automatically complete them for you. If there is more than one file that matches the entered string and it cannot be completed, press the <Tab> key twice and the system will list all matching file names.
shell 会把过去输入过的命令记忆下来，通过按上、下方向键，就可以选择以前输入过的命令了；The shell will remember the commands you have entered in the past. You can select previously entered commands by pressing the up and down arrow keys.
如果设置了以图形方式登录系统，需要在对话框中输入正确的登录用户名和密码，并单击“登录”按钮，系统将启动 GNOME 桌面环境；If you have set up a graphical login system, you need to enter the correct login user name and password in the dialog box and click the "Login" button. The system will start the GNOME desktop environment.
S3、桌面环境：S3, Desktop Environment:
在桌面环境下启动应用程序有以下方法：There are the following ways to start applications in a desktop environment:
单击面板上的应用程序图标；Click the application icon on the panel;
在系统主菜单及其子菜单上选择要运行的应用程序；Select the application you want to run on the system main menu and its submenus;
使用快捷键<Alt+F2>，或选择主菜单上的“运行命令…”项，在打开的窗口中输入应用程序的名称；Use the shortcut keys <Alt+F2>, or select the "Run Command..." item on the main menu and enter the name of the application in the window that opens;
在文件管理器中浏览文件系统，找到应用程序后运行；Navigate the file system in the file manager, find the application and run it;
S4、基本配置和桌面定制：S4, basic configuration and desktop customization:
用系统设置能够方便有效地进行以下几类操作：The system settings can be used to conveniently and effectively perform the following types of operations:
配置系统基本硬件设备 ；Configure basic system hardware equipment;
查看系统信息、日志、进程；View system information, logs, and processes;
执行系统配置和管理任务；Perform system configuration and administration tasks;
定制个性化的桌面环境；Customize your desktop environment;
进行网络服务配置；Perform network service configuration;
网络配置包括“手动设置”和“自动设置”两部分，基本网络配置项用于完成网络接口设备的加载和基本网络参数的设置，单击“自动检测”按钮，系统可以检测出几乎所有的PCI 网卡和笔记本使用的 PCMCIA网卡，选择“保存”；The network configuration includes two parts: "Manual Settings" and "Automatic Settings". The basic network configuration items are used to complete the loading of network interface devices and the setting of basic network parameters. Click the "Auto Detect" button, and the system can detect almost all PCI network cards and PCMCIA network cards used in notebooks. Select "Save";
配置程序会探测出机器中安装的多块网卡，依次以 virbr0、… 表示，“IO”和“IRQ”定义了网卡使用的 I/O 端口地址和中断号，自动检测出的网卡不需要填写，只有当程序不能正确识别网卡的 I/O 和 IRQ 号时，才需要用户手动给出；The configuration program will detect multiple network cards installed in the machine, represented by virbr0, ... in sequence. "IO" and "IRQ" define the I/O port address and interrupt number used by the network card. The network card detected automatically does not need to be filled in. Only when the program cannot correctly identify the I/O and IRQ number of the network card, the user needs to manually enter it;
“网卡参数”用来指定主机分配 IP 地址的模式：“手工指定”需要人工指定网卡的配置信息；“自动获得”表示自动获得 IP 地址，网关和子网掩码均无需填写，但前提是网络中存在额外的引导服务器如 DHCP 服务器；"Network Card Parameters" is used to specify the mode of assigning IP addresses to hosts: "Manually specify" requires manual specification of the network card configuration information; "Automatically obtain" means automatically obtaining the IP address, and the gateway and subnet mask do not need to be filled in, but the premise is that there is an additional boot server such as a DHCP server in the network;
“主机名和域名”：主机名称与所在域名组合而成的完全合格域名；“Host Name and Domain Name”: the fully qualified domain name consisting of the host name and the domain name in which it is located;
“IP 地址”和“子网掩码”分别用来指定当前网卡使用的 IP 地址及其子网掩码，如果选择的是手工配置方式，就必须输入这些信息；"IP address" and "Subnet mask" are used to specify the IP address and subnet mask used by the current network card. If you choose manual configuration, you must enter this information;
一般来说，一块网卡对应一个IP 地址，但是一个网卡可以绑定多个IP 地址，尤其是服务器的网卡，绑定多个 IP 地址的情况很常见，要实现一块网卡对应多个 IP 地址，请选中“允许绑定多 IP”一项，在窗口底部的列表中输入要绑定的 IP 地址及其子网掩码；Generally speaking, one network card corresponds to one IP address, but one network card can be bound to multiple IP addresses, especially the network card of the server. It is very common to bind multiple IP addresses. To achieve one network card corresponding to multiple IP addresses, please select "Allow binding of multiple IPs" and enter the IP address and subnet mask to be bound in the list at the bottom of the window;
配置完成后，“当前设备”框中将列出被加载的网卡，接下来，在“基本网络配置”主窗口的底部的文本框中进行网关和 DNS 的设置；After the configuration is completed, the loaded network card will be listed in the "Current Device" box. Next, set the gateway and DNS in the text box at the bottom of the "Basic Network Configuration" main window;
“缺省网关”：默认网关的 IP 地址，由主机所处网络环境而定；"Default Gateway": The IP address of the default gateway, which is determined by the network environment where the host is located;
“缺省域名服务器”：输入主机所在域的默认 DNS 服务器地址；"Default Domain Name Server": Enter the default DNS server address of the domain where the host is located;
“备用域名服务器”：为保证系统能够正常地解析域名，可以配置备用的域名服务器，此项是可选的；"Alternate domain name server": To ensure that the system can resolve domain names normally, you can configure an alternate domain name server. This item is optional.
点击“应用”或“确定”按钮后，网络参数设置即可生效，使用 ifconfig 命令查看网络信息，如果在第一块网卡 virbr0 上绑定了其他的 IP 地址，那么与这些 IP 地址对应的设备名是实际物理网卡的设备别名，它们通常使用设备名、冒号和数字来代表，如virbr0:0 表示virbr0 的第一个别名，virbr0 的第二个别名的设备名会是 virbr0:1，依此类推；After clicking the "Apply" or "OK" button, the network parameter settings will take effect. Use the ifconfig command to view the network information. If other IP addresses are bound to the first network card virbr0, the device names corresponding to these IP addresses are the device aliases of the actual physical network cards. They are usually represented by device names, colons, and numbers. For example, virbr0:0 represents the first alias of virbr0, and the device name of the second alias of virbr0 will be virbr0:1, and so on.
“网卡配置”图中的“当前设备”框下面的按钮作用如下：The buttons under the "Current Device" box in the "Network Card Configuration" diagram have the following functions:
添加网卡：加载新网卡，更换网卡或系统网络参数发生变化后重新配置；Add network card: load a new network card, replace the network card or reconfigure after the system network parameters change;
修改参数：用于修改已加载网卡的配置参数；Modify parameters: used to modify the configuration parameters of the loaded network card;
卸载设备：用于更换网卡或暂时停止网络连接；Uninstall device: used to replace the network card or temporarily stop the network connection;
S5、网关设置：S5. Gateway settings:
利用网络配置工具可以配置一台 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 主机实现路由器的功能，路由器通常也被称为网关，是从一个子网向另一个子网发送数据包的装置，简单地说，其功能就是寻路——给 IP 包寻找正确的路径以通往目的地；Using the network configuration tool, you can configure a Red Flag Asianux Server Linux host to implement the function of a router. A router is also commonly called a gateway. It is a device that sends data packets from one subnet to another. Simply put, its function is to find the path - to find the correct path for the IP packet to reach the destination;
路由器上运行的路由信息可以是静态配置的，也可以是动态产生，根据网络的配置情况手工设置的固定路径称为静态路由表，网络结构改变时需手工改动相应的表项；The routing information running on the router can be statically configured or dynamically generated. The fixed path manually set according to the network configuration is called a static routing table. When the network structure changes, the corresponding table items need to be manually modified;
在没有路由器的情况下，只有同一个 IP 子网内的主机才能通信，为了使两个不同子网中的计算机可以互相访问，有必要在两子网间建立一个网关；In the absence of a router, only hosts in the same IP subnet can communicate. In order for computers in two different subnets to access each other, it is necessary to establish a gateway between the two subnets.
可以配置一台 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 主机成为网关，一个网关必然有两个以上的的网卡或 IP 地址，这样才存在路由的功能；You can configure a Red Flag Asianux Server Linux host to be a gateway. A gateway must have more than two network cards or IP addresses, so that the routing function can exist;
一台计算机可以有多个 IP 地址，例如，现在有两个子网，网络地址分别是192.9.200.0和172.16.82.0，那么首先为服务器分配两个IP地址及其它网络参数：其中一个 IP 地址在第一个网段中，为 192.9.200.12；另一个 IP 地址在第二个网段中，为172.16.82.11；A computer can have multiple IP addresses. For example, there are two subnets with network addresses of 192.9.200.0 and 172.16.82.0. First, assign two IP addresses and other network parameters to the server: one IP address is in the first network segment, 192.9.200.12; the other IP address is in the second network segment, 172.16.82.11.
网卡参数配置好后，需要启动 IP 转发功能，在“网关”页中选中如下图所示的的“仅将连接用于相应的网络资源”，单击“确定”按钮，即可使配置生效，这时服务器可以作为两个不同网络的网关，提供路由功能，由这两个 IP 地址充当网关，就能将两个网段连接在一起了；After configuring the network card parameters, you need to enable the IP forwarding function. In the "Gateway" page, select "Use the connection only for corresponding network resources" as shown in the figure below, and click the "OK" button to make the configuration effective. At this time, the server can serve as the gateway of two different networks and provide routing functions. With these two IP addresses acting as gateways, the two network segments can be connected together.
S6、系统监视：S6. System monitoring:
系统性能监控工具用于监视计算机中的资源使用情况：包括系统监视与性能警报；System performance monitoring tools are used to monitor resource usage in computers: including system monitoring and performance alerts;
监视系统性能是维护和管理 Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 系统的重要部分，根据性能数据可以实现下述作用：Monitoring system performance is an important part of maintaining and managing the Red Flag Asianux Server Linux system. The following functions can be achieved based on performance data:
了解工作负荷以及对系统资源的相应影响；Understand workloads and the corresponding impact on system resources;
观察工作负荷和资源使用的变化和趋势，以便计划今后的升级；Observe changes and trends in workload and resource usage to plan future upgrades;
利用监视结果来测试配置更改或其他调整结果；Use monitoring results to test configuration changes or other tuning results;
诊断问题和目标组件及过程，用于优化处理；diagnose problems and target components and processes for optimized processing;
“系统监视器”和“性能警报”提供有关操作系统特定组件和设计用于搜集性能数据的服务器程序所用资源的详细数据，图形显示性能监视数据，当监测项值到达、高于或低于定义的阈值时，警报将通过各种通报手段告知用户；"System Monitor" and "Performance Alerts" provide detailed data about the resources used by specific components of the operating system and server programs designed to collect performance data, graphically display performance monitoring data, and alerts will notify users through various notification methods when the monitored item values reach, exceed, or fall below the defined thresholds;
使用“系统监视器”可以衡量自己计算机或网络中其他计算机的性能，收集并查看本地计算机上的实时性能数据，收集和查看大量有关被管理的计算机中硬件资源使用和系统服务活动的数据，可以通过下列方式定义要求图形搜集的数据：Use System Monitor to measure the performance of your own computer or other computers on the network, collect and view real-time performance data on the local computer, collect and view a large amount of data about the hardware resource usage and system service activities on the managed computer, and define the data that you want to collect in the following ways:
数据类型：type of data:
要选择搜集的数据，请指定性能对象、性能监测项和对象实例，一些对象提供有关系统资源例如内存的数据，而其他对象则提供有关应用程序运行的数据例如计算机中正在运行的系统进程；To select the data to be collected, specify the performance object, performance monitoring item, and object instance. Some objects provide data about system resources such as memory, while other objects provide data about application operation such as system processes running on the computer.
数据源：data source:
“系统监视器”可以从本地计算机中搜集数据，它支持根据需要手动采样或根据指定的时间间隔自动采样，除了定义数据内容的选项，在设计“系统监视器”视图的外观时还有相当大的灵活性；System Monitor can collect data from the local computer. It supports manual sampling on demand or automatic sampling at specified intervals. In addition to options for defining the content of the data, there is considerable flexibility in designing the appearance of the System Monitor view.
显示类型：Display Type:
系统监视器支持图形和直方图视图，图形视图为默认视图，提供的可选设置最多；System Monitor supports both graph and histogram views. The graph view is the default view and provides the most optional settings.
显示特征：Display features:
可以定义各种视图显示的颜色和比例；You can define the colors and scales of various view displays;
使用“性能警报”可以自动从本地计算机搜集性能数据，可以在计数器上设置警报，从而定义如果所选计数器的值超过或低于指定设置，则发送消息、运行程序或记录日志；Use Performance Alerts to automatically collect performance data from local computers. You can set alerts on counters to define whether a message is sent, a program is run, or a log is recorded if the value of the selected counter exceeds or falls below the specified setting.
与“系统监视器”类似，“性能警报”支持定义性能对象、性能监测项、对象示例以及设置监视有关硬件资源和系统服务数据的采样间隔；Similar to System Monitor, Performance Alert supports defining performance objects, performance monitoring items, object samples, and setting sampling intervals for monitoring data related to hardware resources and system services.
S7、运行级别：S7, operation level:
一个运行级别（runlevel）是初始化进程在系统进入某运行级别时需要完成的启动或停止服务，它描述了系统能够提供什么服务和不能提供什么服务，运行级别是用数字来定义的，Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 中定义了 7 个运行级别，如图2所示；A runlevel is the start or stop service that the initialization process needs to complete when the system enters a certain runlevel. It describes what services the system can provide and what services it cannot provide. The runlevel is defined by numbers. Red Flag Asianux Server Linux defines 7 runlevels, as shown in Figure 2;
可以使用下面的命令切换到“运行级 3 ”：You can switch to "run level 3" using the following command:
systemctl isolate multi-user.target （或） systemctl isolaterunlevel3.targetsystemctl isolate multi-user.target (or) systemctl isolaterunlevel3.target
也可以使用下面的命令切换到“运行级 5 ”：You can also use the following command to switch to "run level 5":
systemctl isolate graphical.target （或） systemctl isolaterunlevel5.target；systemctl isolate graphical.target (or) systemctl isolaterunlevel5.target;
systemd 使用链接来指向默认的运行级别，在创建新的链接前，你可以通过下面命令删除存在的链接：systemd uses links to point to the default runlevels. Before creating new links, you can delete the existing links with the following command:
rm /etc/systemd/system/default.targetrm /etc/systemd/system/default.target
默认切换到运行级 3 ：By default, switch to runlevel 3:
ln-sf/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target/etc/systemd/system/default.targetln -sf /lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
默认切换到运行级 5 ：By default, switch to runlevel 5:
ln-sf/lib/systemd/system/graphical.target/etc/systemd/system/default.targetln -sf /lib/systemd/system/graphical.target /etc/systemd/system/default.target
systemd 不使用/etc/inittab 文件；systemd does not use the /etc/inittab file;
runlevel 命令在 systemd 下仍然可以工作，你可以继续使用它，尽管 systemd使用 'target' 概念替换了之前系统的 runlevel ，等价的 systemd 命令是：The runlevel command still works under systemd and you can continue to use it, although systemd replaces the runlevel concept with the 'target' concept. The equivalent systemd command is:
systemctl list-units --type=target；systemctl list-units --type=target;
一个运行级别包含一组停止服务和一组启动服务，进入一个新的运行级别时比如使用 init 0 命令从当前级别切换到 0 级别，也就是停机，停止服务组中的服务首先被依次停止，然后启动服务组中的服务被依次启动，停止或启动服务的顺序由服务顺序号决定，服务顺序号是一个0到99之间的整数，服务顺序号越小，该服务就越先被启动或停止，不同的服务可以使用同一个服务顺序号；A run level contains a group of stopped services and a group of started services. When entering a new run level, for example, using the init 0 command to switch from the current level to level 0, that is, shutting down, the services in the stopped service group are stopped in sequence first, and then the services in the started service group are started in sequence. The order of stopping or starting services is determined by the service sequence number, which is an integer between 0 and 99. The smaller the service sequence number, the earlier the service is started or stopped. Different services can use the same service sequence number;
系统缺省安装的服务都有各自缺省的启动顺序号和停止顺序号，改变启动顺序号时必 须保证该服务所依赖的其它服务的顺序号都大于该服务的启动顺序号，改变停止顺序号时必须保证依赖于该服务的其它服务的顺序号都小于该服务的停止顺序号，也就是先启后停；The services installed by default in the system have their own default start sequence number and stop sequence number. When changing the start sequence number, you must ensure that the sequence numbers of other services that the service depends on are greater than the start sequence number of the service. When changing the stop sequence number, you must ensure that the sequence numbers of other services that depend on the service are less than the stop sequence number of the service, that is, start first and then stop;
S8、日志：S8. Log:
Red Flag Asianux Server Linux 中内建了一个基于系统日志协议的标准日志记录系统，许多程序使用此系统记录事件，并将它们整理到日志文件中，Red Flag AsianuxServer Linux 中的系统日志消息由两个服务负责处理，他们是 systemd-journald 和rsyslog，systemd-journald 守护进程提供一种改进的日志管理服务，可以收集来自内核，启动过程的早期阶段，标准输出，系统日志，以及守护进程启动和运行期间的错误的消息，它将这些消息写到一个结构化的事件 日志中，默认情况下不在重新启动之间保留，这允许系统日志所错过的系统日志消息和时间收集到一个中央数据库中，系统消息可以由systemd-journald 转发到 rsyslog 以做进一步处理，rsyslog 服务随后根据类型或设备和优先级排列系统日志消息，将他们写入到/var/log 目录内的永久文件中，/var/log 目录保管由 rsyslog 维护的各种特定于系统和服务的日志文件；A standard logging system based on the system log protocol is built into Red Flag Asianux Server Linux. Many programs use this system to record events and organize them into log files. The system log messages in Red Flag AsianuxServer Linux are handled by two services, namely systemd-journald and rsyslog. The systemd-journald daemon provides an improved log management service that can collect messages from the kernel, the early stages of the boot process, standard output, system logs, and errors during the startup and operation of daemons. It writes these messages to a structured event log that is not retained between reboots by default. This allows the system log messages and times missed by the system log to be collected into a central database. System messages can be forwarded by systemd-journald to rsyslog for further processing. The rsyslog service then arranges system log messages by type or device and priority, and writes them to permanent files in the /var/log directory. The /var/log directory holds various system- and service-specific log files maintained by rsyslog.
日志文件用途：Log file usage:
/var/log/messages 大多数系统日志消息记录在此，例外是与身份验证，电子邮件处理相关的定期运行作业的消息以及纯粹与调试相关的信息；/var/log/messages Most system log messages are logged here, with the exception of messages for regularly running jobs related to authentication, email processing, and purely debugging-related information;
/var/log/secure 安全和身份验证相关的消息和错误的日志文件；/var/log/secure Log file for security and authentication related messages and errors;
/var/log/maillog 与邮件服务器相关的日志文件；/var/log/maillog Log files related to the mail server;
/var/log/boot.log 与系统启动相关的消息记录在此；/var/log/boot.log Messages related to system startup are recorded here;
当 Red Flag Asianux Server 系统出现问题而现场无法解决的时候，现场人员需要帮助的情况下，首先收集日志，然后将收集的日志发送给原厂人员，日志收集方法需要sysdump 的脚本，具体方法：When a problem occurs in the Red Flag Asianux Server system and cannot be solved on site, and the on-site personnel need help, first collect the logs, and then send the collected logs to the original factory personnel. The log collection method requires a sysdump script. The specific method is:
上传 sysdump 脚本到对应服务器，然后执行如下操作：Upload the sysdump script to the corresponding server, and then perform the following operations:
#dos2unix sysdump.sh#dos2unix sysdump.sh
#chmod +x sysdump.sh#chmod +x sysdump.sh
#./sysdump.sh#./sysdump.sh
执行之后，会在当前目录下生成一个以主机名命名的压缩包，把收集好的日志拷贝出来发送给原厂人员。After execution, a compressed package named after the host name will be generated in the current directory, and the collected logs will be copied and sent to the original factory personnel.
一种智能Linux操作系统，智能Linux操作系统还包括下述操作内容：An intelligent Linux operating system, the intelligent Linux operating system also includes the following operations:
在安装好该智能Linux操作系统后，操作者通过声线录入模块录入声线，以为后续的语音辅助操作功能做好准备，具体的，在使用该智能Linux操作系统时，若出现需要本地搜索或打开某类文件、应用时，操作者发出对应操作功能的语音指令，在识别出为操作者所用声线后，该智能Linux操作系统通过识别模块识别语音指令内容，并于后台自动执行该功能操作，直至操作完成后于显示界面角落处以弹窗形式向人员加以提示，人员只需点击弹窗或下达类似切换界面的语音指令即可将后台中只需该功能操作的界面转变为前台显示界面，而在语音指令执行的同时，操作者仍能够在当前界面继续操作而无需频繁中断当前操作而切换显示界面；After installing the intelligent Linux operating system, the operator records the voice through the voice recording module to prepare for the subsequent voice-assisted operation function. Specifically, when using the intelligent Linux operating system, if there is a need to search locally or open a certain type of file or application, the operator issues a voice command corresponding to the operation function. After recognizing the voice used by the operator, the intelligent Linux operating system recognizes the content of the voice command through the recognition module and automatically executes the function operation in the background. After the operation is completed, the operator is prompted in the form of a pop-up window in the corner of the display interface. The operator only needs to click on the pop-up window or issue a voice command similar to switching the interface to transform the interface in the background that only needs the function operation into the foreground display interface. While the voice command is being executed, the operator can still continue to operate in the current interface without frequently interrupting the current operation to switch the display interface.
在识别模块识别语音指令内容会以弹窗形式于当前界面的角落处以文字形式显示操作指令，操作者通过观测文字指令确定内容是否有误，若有字体有误，操作者直接通过语音输入的方式改变错字，如：弹窗显示的内容为“打开word格式的一种防坍塌的摇动”，其中的“摇动”应为“窑洞”，此时操作者在观测到字体错误时，直接语音修改，具体的则是操作者发出“修改‘摇动’改为‘窑洞’”的语音内容，识别模块识别到“修改”为功能词，此时修改模块则基于此将后续的功能内容实现，即将“摇动”改为“窑洞”，使得弹窗显示的内容为“打开word格式的一种防坍塌的窑洞”；When the recognition module recognizes the content of the voice command, the operation command will be displayed in the form of text in the corner of the current interface in the form of a pop-up window. The operator determines whether the content is correct by observing the text command. If there is a font error, the operator directly changes the wrong word by voice input. For example, the content displayed in the pop-up window is "Open a kind of anti-collapse shaking in word format", where "shake" should be "cave dwelling". At this time, when the operator observes the font error, he directly modifies it by voice. Specifically, the operator sends out the voice content of "change 'shake' to 'cave dwelling'". The recognition module recognizes "modify" as a functional word. At this time, the modification module implements the subsequent functional content based on this, that is, changes "shake" to "cave dwelling", so that the content displayed in the pop-up window is "Open a kind of anti-collapse cave dwelling in word format";
其中，识别模块识别如“打开word格式的一种防坍塌的窑洞”此类语音指令时，开头的“打开”为功能操作词，基于开头功能操作词的含义，操作模块进行对应的操作，中间的“word格式”为限定词，用于搜索模块缩小搜索范围，以提高搜索精准度，最后的“一种防坍塌的窑洞”为搜索内容，搜索模块基于搜索内容于该系统内搜索对应的相关内容并于后台排列显示，并在操作者点击后或下达对应的语音指令后转变为前台显示界面，而限定词也能够不添加，仅基于最后的搜索内容由搜索模块进行大范围搜索；Among them, when the recognition module recognizes such voice instructions as "open a cave dwelling that prevents collapse in word format", the initial "open" is a functional operation word. Based on the meaning of the initial functional operation word, the operation module performs a corresponding operation. The middle "word format" is a qualifier, which is used by the search module to narrow the search scope to improve the search accuracy. The last "a cave dwelling that prevents collapse" is the search content. The search module searches for corresponding related content in the system based on the search content and arranges and displays it in the background. After the operator clicks or issues a corresponding voice command, it is transformed into a foreground display interface. The qualifier can also be not added, and the search module performs a large-scale search based on the last search content.
而在切换界面时亦可通过发出语音指令“同屏显示”或“分屏显示”此类显示方式来选择切换界面时的展现；When switching interfaces, you can also issue voice commands such as "same screen display" or "split screen display" to choose the display mode when switching interfaces;
基于上述描述，利用识别模块识别语音指令内容，通过依次识别中的功能操作词、限定词和搜索内容，从而于系统后台自动执行对应的操作，并在操作完成后只需人员语音或点击弹窗的方式即可展开后台界面，且还可通过语音指令选择界面展开和布局方式，由此在语音指令执行的同时，操作者仍能够在当前界面继续操作而无需频繁中断当前操作而切换显示界面，并且可通过语音发出修改指令对文字显示的指令内容中的错别字加以修正，从而以正确识别指令内容。Based on the above description, the recognition module is used to recognize the content of the voice command, and the corresponding operations are automatically performed in the system background by sequentially recognizing the function operation words, qualifiers and search content. After the operation is completed, the background interface can be expanded by human voice or clicking on the pop-up window, and the interface expansion and layout method can also be selected through voice commands. Therefore, while the voice command is executed, the operator can still continue to operate in the current interface without frequently interrupting the current operation to switch the display interface, and the typos in the text-displayed command content can be corrected by issuing modification commands through voice, so as to correctly recognize the command content.
本发明的实施例是为了示例和描述起见而给出的，而并不是无遗漏的或者将本发明限于所公开的形式。很多修改和变化对于本领域的普通技术人员而言是显而易见的。选择和描述实施例是为了更好说明本发明的原理和实际应用，并且使本领域的普通技术人员能够理解本发明从而设计适于特定用途的带有各种修改的各种实施例。The embodiments of the present invention are given for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311848104.3ACN117931299A (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Intelligent Linux operating system |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311848104.3ACN117931299A (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Intelligent Linux operating system |
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| CN117931299Atrue CN117931299A (en) | 2024-04-26 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311848104.3APendingCN117931299A (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Intelligent Linux operating system |
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