技术领域Technical Field
本发明涉及植物叶片生化参数的光学测量的技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置与方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of optical measurement of biochemical parameters of plant leaves, and more specifically, to a device and method for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source.
背景技术Background technique
植物叶片的透射与反射纹理反映着叶片表面和内部的复杂结构和形态，是表征植物光合作用、生长状况、养分循环和初级生产力的重要体现。其中，通过采集植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像信息来推断叶片内部的化学组成和生理状态，对研究植物的生长规律和环境适应能力具有重要的意义。The transmission and reflection textures of plant leaves reflect the complex structure and morphology of the leaf surface and interior, and are important manifestations of plant photosynthesis, growth status, nutrient cycle and primary productivity. Among them, inferring the chemical composition and physiological state of the leaf interior by collecting the transmission and reflection texture image information of plant leaves is of great significance for studying the growth law and environmental adaptability of plants.
传统的植物叶片纹理影像主要采用直接拍摄的方法，影像质量受光照、角度、技术等多种因素影响，难以获取高质量的叶片纹理影像。而传统的叶片生化参数测定方法主要有分光光度计法、荧光光度法和原子吸收法等，这些方法的测量结果相对准确，但需破坏性采样，测定方法相对复杂且耗时较长。Traditional plant leaf texture images mainly use direct shooting methods. The image quality is affected by many factors such as lighting, angle, technology, etc., making it difficult to obtain high-quality leaf texture images. Traditional methods for measuring leaf biochemical parameters mainly include spectrophotometry, fluorescence photometry, and atomic absorption spectrometry. The measurement results of these methods are relatively accurate, but destructive sampling is required, and the measurement methods are relatively complex and time-consuming.
现有的便携式叶片生化参数测定仪可以在一定程度上解决传统方法的部分弊端，其中以日本柯尼卡美能达（Konica MinolTa）株式会社生产的SPAD-502应用最为广泛。SPAD-502通过定量描述植物叶片的绿色度，可以在活体上快速得到叶片叶绿素的相对含量，但只能通过透射的方式评估叶绿素的相对含量，测定时需要多点测定以求精准。The existing portable leaf biochemical parameter measuring instruments can solve some of the shortcomings of traditional methods to a certain extent. Among them, the SPAD-502 produced by KonicaMinolta Co., Ltd. of Japan is the most widely used. SPAD-502 can quickly obtain the relative content of leaf chlorophyll in living organisms by quantitatively describing the greenness of plant leaves, but the relative content of chlorophyll can only be evaluated by transmission, and multi-point measurement is required for accuracy.
与两波段叶片生化参数含量测定仪相比，采用美国ASD 光谱仪测量植物叶片反射率和透射率，光谱分辨率更高，但存在大量冗余数据，空间分辨率较低。Compared with the two-band leaf biochemical parameter content meter, the American ASD spectrometer is used to measure the reflectance and transmittance of plant leaves. The spectral resolution is higher, but there is a lot of redundant data and the spatial resolution is lower.
近年来，无人机低空遥感平台凭借采集信息快速、影像空间分辨率高等优势，可以弥补现有高空遥感系统的不足，但复杂的光照环境会影响反射率转换的精度，一定程度上存在同谱异物的问题。In recent years, the UAV low-altitude remote sensing platform has been able to make up for the shortcomings of the existing high-altitude remote sensing system with its advantages of fast information collection and high spatial resolution of images. However, the complex lighting environment will affect the accuracy of reflectivity conversion, and there is a problem of different objects with the same spectrum to a certain extent.
因此，传统方法在进行无损测量叶片生化参数过程中，主要存在以下两个主要问题：（1）入射光与植物叶片之间的夹角变化使得传统光谱仪难以准确获取其反射光信息；（2）在测量植物叶片透射与反射特性时，难以准确获得植物叶片的透射与反射纹理信息，最终影响叶片生化参数空间分布含量预测准确性。Therefore, the traditional method has the following two main problems in the process of non-destructive measurement of leaf biochemical parameters: (1) The change in the angle between the incident light and the plant leaves makes it difficult for traditional spectrometers to accurately obtain its reflected light information; (2) When measuring the transmission and reflection characteristics of plant leaves, it is difficult to accurately obtain the transmission and reflection texture information of plant leaves, which ultimately affects the accuracy of the prediction of the spatial distribution content of leaf biochemical parameters.
基于此，公开号为CN113687369A的中国专利公开了《一种光谱信息与深度信息同步采集系统及方法》，其通过同步获取场景内的光谱信息与深度信息，弥补了传统成像设备缺乏高分辨率光谱信息和深度信息问题，但该系统仅对场景反射后的脉冲光信号和自然光进行了分光处理，缺乏对透射光谱信息的获取。Based on this, the Chinese patent with publication number CN113687369A discloses "A system and method for synchronously acquiring spectral information and depth information", which makes up for the lack of high-resolution spectral information and depth information in traditional imaging equipment by synchronously acquiring spectral information and depth information in the scene. However, the system only performs spectral processing on the pulsed light signal and natural light reflected from the scene, and lacks the acquisition of transmitted spectral information.
公开号为CN112362603A的中国专利公开了《高通量同步获取植物反射光谱和吸收光谱影像的装置及其工作方法》，其通过控制模块设定不同的光照模式模拟自然条件的光强变化，实现了用同一相机获取了动态叶绿素荧光、稳态叶绿素荧光和多光谱成像三种影像，但无法获取植物叶片准确的透射纹理影像。The Chinese patent with publication number CN112362603A discloses "Device for high-throughput synchronous acquisition of plant reflectance spectrum and absorption spectrum images and its working method", which sets different lighting modes through the control module to simulate the light intensity changes under natural conditions, and realizes the use of the same camera to obtain three types of images: dynamic chlorophyll fluorescence, steady-state chlorophyll fluorescence and multi-spectral imaging, but cannot obtain accurate transmission texture images of plant leaves.
公开号为CN115901692A的中国专利公开了《一种同步反演叶片反射率和透射率的方法和装置》，其通过将被动光学遥感波段范围内获取的冠层反射率拆分为一次散射和多次散射，并建立一次散射和叶片反射率、多次散射和叶片散射系数的关系，实现同时反演叶片反射率和透射率。但该方法是通过演算的方法对叶片反射率和透射率进行计算，存在一定误差。The Chinese patent with publication number CN115901692A discloses a method and device for synchronously inverting leaf reflectivity and transmittance. It splits the canopy reflectivity obtained within the passive optical remote sensing band into primary scattering and multiple scattering, and establishes the relationship between primary scattering and leaf reflectivity, and multiple scattering and leaf scattering coefficient, to achieve simultaneous inversion of leaf reflectivity and transmittance. However, this method calculates leaf reflectivity and transmittance by calculation, which has certain errors.
综上，上述发明专利提出的光谱监测方法各有优势和缺陷，但都不同程度地受到环境光照变化的干扰，且难以同步测量植物叶片反射和透射纹理影像信息。In summary, the spectral monitoring methods proposed in the above invention patents each have their own advantages and disadvantages, but are all affected to varying degrees by changes in ambient light, and it is difficult to synchronously measure the reflection and transmission texture image information of plant leaves.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明旨在克服上述现有技术的至少一种缺陷（不足），提供一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置与方法，具有不受环境光照变化影响，且能够同步采集植物叶片透射和反射纹理影像信息的效果。The present invention aims to overcome at least one defect (shortcoming) of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a device and method for synchronously acquiring the transmitted and reflected texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source, which has the effect of not being affected by changes in ambient light and being able to synchronously acquire the transmitted and reflected texture image information of plant leaves.
本发明采取的技术方案是：The technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置，包括箱体以及设置于箱体内的载物支撑架，所述箱体用于屏蔽外界的环境光；A device for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source, comprising a box and a load-carrying support frame arranged in the box, wherein the box is used to shield external ambient light;
所述载物支撑架上安装有透明载物台、发光器、面阵成像传感器、传送机构和控制器；The object support frame is equipped with a transparent object stage, a light emitter, an area array imaging sensor, a transmission mechanism and a controller;
所述透明载物台用于放置待测叶片，所述发光器和面阵成像传感器设置于待测叶片的上方，且朝向待测叶片； 所述传送机构用于在透明载物台的长度方向上进行往返运动，且传送机构上设置有匀光片、参考反射板、低反射率漫反射板、镜片组和线阵成像传感器；The transparent stage is used to place the blade to be measured, and the light emitter and the area array imaging sensor are arranged above the blade to be measured and face the blade to be measured; the transmission mechanism is used to perform reciprocating motion in the length direction of the transparent stage, and the transmission mechanism is provided with a light homogenizer, a reference reflection plate, a low reflectivity diffuse reflection plate, a lens group and a linear array imaging sensor;
所述匀光片和参考反射板设置于待测叶片的上方且匀光片和参考反射板之间具有间隔，所述发光器用于向匀光片、待测叶片和参考反射板提供光源，所述匀光片用于匀化光线；所述参考反射板用于反射光线；所述面阵成像传感器用于采集放置待测叶片前，参考反射板上的反射影像R1；和放置待测叶片后，待测叶片上的反射影像R2；The light homogenizer and the reference reflector are arranged above the blade to be measured and there is a gap between them. The light emitter is used to provide light source to the light homogenizer, the blade to be measured and the reference reflector. The light homogenizer is used to homogenize the light. The reference reflector is used to reflect the light. The area array imaging sensor is used to collect the reflected imageR1 on the reference reflector before the blade to be measured is placed; and the reflected imageR2 on the blade to be measured after the blade to be measured is placed.
所述低反射率漫反射板设置于透明载物台的下方，且低反射率漫反射板位于匀光片和参考反射板的间隔之间，用于吸收从待测叶片透射下来的光线；所述镜片组和线阵成像传感器设置于低反射率漫反射板的下方，且所述镜片组设置于匀光片的下方，用于将透过匀光片、待测叶片的光线反射到线阵成像传感器上；所述线阵成像传感器用于采集放置待测叶片前和放置待测叶片后，所进入线阵成像传感器内的透射影像T1和T2；The low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate is arranged below the transparent stage, and the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate is located between the light homogenizer and the reference reflection plate, and is used to absorb the light transmitted from the blade to be measured; the lens group and the linear array imaging sensor are arranged below the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate, and the lens group is arranged below the light homogenizer, and is used to reflect the light passing through the light homogenizer and the blade to be measured onto the linear array imaging sensor; the linear array imaging sensor is used to collect the transmission imagesT1 andT2 entering the linear array imaging sensor before and after the blade to be measured is placed;
所述控制器分别与发光器、面阵成像传感器、线阵成像传感器、传送机构和外部的存储设备电连接，用于控制发光器、面阵成像传感器、线阵成像传感器和传送机构的工作。The controller is electrically connected to the light emitter, the area array imaging sensor, the line array imaging sensor, the transmission mechanism and an external storage device respectively, and is used to control the operation of the light emitter, the area array imaging sensor, the line array imaging sensor and the transmission mechanism.
根据本发明所述的一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置，所述传送机构上还设置有滚轴组，所述滚轴组设置于待测叶片上，用于压平待测叶片，且所述滚轴组至少包括4根滚轴，其中至少2根滚轴设置于匀光片的前端部和后端部，另外至少2根滚轴分别设置于参考反射板的前端部和后端部，所述低反射率漫反射板位于所述滚轴的中间两个滚轴之间的下方。According to the device for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source described in the present invention, a roller group is also provided on the transmission mechanism, and the roller group is provided on the leaf to be measured, and is used to flatten the leaf to be measured, and the roller group includes at least 4 rollers, at least 2 of which are provided at the front end and the rear end of the light homogenizer, and at least 2 other rollers are respectively provided at the front end and the rear end of the reference reflection plate, and the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate is located below between the middle two rollers of the rollers.
根据本发明所述的一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置，所述传送机构包括电机、传送带和移动支架；所述电机与控制器连接，用于驱动传送带运转；所述传送带用于带动移动支架在透明载物台上进行往返运动；所述滚轴组、匀光片、参考反射板、低反射率漫反射板、镜片组和线阵成像传感器设置于移动支架上，且随着移动支架的运动而运动。According to the device for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source described in the present invention, the transmission mechanism includes a motor, a conveyor belt and a movable bracket; the motor is connected to a controller to drive the conveyor belt to operate; the conveyor belt is used to drive the movable bracket to move back and forth on a transparent stage; the roller group, the light homogenizer, the reference reflector, the low-reflectivity diffuse reflector, the lens group and the linear array imaging sensor are arranged on the movable bracket and move with the movement of the movable bracket.
根据本发明所述的一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置，所述载物支撑架包括基座、横杆和用于连接基座和横杆的纵向连接杆，所述透明载物台安装于基座上，所述纵向连接杆分别设置于基座的两端部，所述横杆可活动安装于纵向连接杆上，且横杆设置于透明载物台的上方；所述发光器和面阵成像传感器可活动安装于横杆上。According to the device for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source described in the present invention, the object support frame includes a base, a cross bar and a longitudinal connecting rod for connecting the base and the cross bar, the transparent object stage is installed on the base, the longitudinal connecting rods are respectively arranged at the two ends of the base, the cross bar can be movably installed on the longitudinal connecting rod, and the cross bar is arranged above the transparent object stage; the light emitter and the area array imaging sensor can be movably installed on the cross bar.
进一步地，所述发光器上设有冷却连接块，且发光器通过冷却连接块与横杆活动连接。Furthermore, a cooling connection block is provided on the light emitter, and the light emitter is movably connected to the cross bar via the cooling connection block.
进一步地，所述发光器上还设有匀光透镜，所述匀光透镜设置于发光器的出光镜头上。Furthermore, the light emitter is also provided with a light homogenizing lens, and the light homogenizing lens is arranged on the light output lens of the light emitter.
进一步地，所述发光器的主光轴出光方向平行于面阵成像传感器的镜头光轴方向。Furthermore, the main optical axis light emitting direction of the light emitter is parallel to the optical axis direction of the lens of the area array imaging sensor.
根据本发明所述的一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置，所述发光器至少包括两组，且所述发光器分别设于面阵成像传感器的左右两侧；所述发光器发出的光的波长一致，且波长范围为350~2500nm。According to the device for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on active light source described in the present invention, the light emitters include at least two groups, and the light emitters are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the area array imaging sensor; the wavelength of light emitted by the light emitters is consistent, and the wavelength range is 350~2500nm.
根据本发明所述的一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置，从所述发光器发出的光直接投射于参考反射板上，所述参考反射板的反射率为：；式中，/>为350~2500nm范围内的波长，/>为当前波长的反射率（%）；所述发光器的波长为/>；According to the device for synchronously collecting the transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source of the present invention, the light emitted from the light emitter is directly projected onto a reference reflector, and the reflectivity of the reference reflector is for: ; In the formula, /> The wavelength is in the range of 350~2500nm,/> is the reflectivity of the current wavelength (%); the wavelength of the light emitter is/> ;
从所述发光器发出的光透过待测叶片和透明载物台后投射到低反射率漫反射板上，对于波长范围为350~2500nm的光线，所述低反射率漫反射板的反射率不高于2%；The light emitted from the light emitter is projected onto a low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate after passing through the leaf to be tested and the transparent stage. For light with a wavelength range of 350-2500nm, the reflectivity of the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate is not higher than 2%;
所述线阵成像传感器和面阵成像传感器的光谱响应范围为波长范围为350~2500nm的母集；The spectral response range of the linear array imaging sensor and the area array imaging sensor is a parent set with a wavelength range of 350-2500nm;
待测叶片的透射纹理影像T的计算公式为：；The calculation formula of the transmission texture imageT of the blade to be tested is: ;
待测叶片的反射纹理影像R计算公式为：。The calculation formula of the reflected texture imageR of the blade to be tested is: .
一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集方法，包括上述的采集装置，所述方法包括以下步骤：A method for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source, comprising the above-mentioned collection device, the method comprising the following steps:
S1：清空透明载物台，并通过控制器控制传送机构、发光器、面阵成像传感器和线阵成像传感器工作，获取放置待测叶片前，面阵成像传感器所采集到的参考反射板上的反射影像R1和线阵成像传感器所采集到的透射影像T1；S1: Clear the transparent stage, and control the conveying mechanism, the light emitter, the area array imaging sensor and the linear array imaging sensor to work through the controller, and obtain the reflected imageR1 on the reference reflector plate collected by the area array imaging sensor and the transmitted imageT1 collected by the linear array imaging sensor before placing the blade to be tested;
S2：将待测叶片放置于透明载物台上；S2: Place the leaf to be tested on a transparent stage;
S3：再次通过控制器控制传送机构、发光器、面阵成像传感器和线阵成像传感器工作，获取放置待测叶片后，面阵成像传感器所采集到的待测叶片上的反射影像R2和线阵成像传感器所采集到的透射影像T2；S3: controlling the transmission mechanism, the light emitter, the area array imaging sensor and the linear array imaging sensor to work again through the controller, and obtaining the reflected imageR2 on the blade to be measured collected by the area array imaging sensor and the transmitted imageT2 collected by the linear array imaging sensor after the blade to be measured is placed;
S4：根据步骤S1和S3获得的数据计算待测叶片的透射纹理影像T和反射纹理影像R；其中，；/>；式中，/>为参考反射板的反射率，/>；其中，/>与发光器发出的光的波长一致。S4: Calculate the transmission texture imageT and the reflection texture imageR of the blade to be measured according to the data obtained in steps S1 and S3; wherein, ; /> ; In the formula, /> is the reflectivity of the reference reflector, /> ; Among them, /> It is consistent with the wavelength of light emitted by the light emitter.
优选地，为350~2500nm范围内的波长。Preferably, The wavelength is in the range of 350~2500nm.
根据本发明所述的一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集方法，步骤S1的具体操作步骤为：According to the method for synchronously collecting the transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on active light source of the present invention, the specific operation steps of step S1 are:
所述传送机构工作时，带动匀光片、参考反射板、低反射率漫反射板、镜片组和线阵成像传感器，从透明载物台的起点位置往透明载物台的终点位置运行；当传送机构运行至透明载物台的终点时停止运行；When the transmission mechanism is working, it drives the light homogenizer, the reference reflector, the low reflectivity diffuse reflector, the lens group and the linear array imaging sensor to move from the starting position of the transparent stage to the end position of the transparent stage; when the transmission mechanism moves to the end point of the transparent stage, it stops running;
在传送机构运行过程中，所述发光器工作并向匀光片和参考反射板发出光束；During the operation of the transmission mechanism, the light emitter works and emits a light beam to the light homogenizer and the reference reflector;
其中投射到匀光片的光束透过透明载物台后，经镜片组反射进入线阵成像传感器，从而获得无待测叶片时的透射影像T1；The light beam projected onto the light homogenizer passes through the transparent stage, and then is reflected by the lens group into the linear array imaging sensor, thereby obtaining a transmission imageT1 when there is no blade to be measured;
同时，投射到参考反射板的光束至少部分由参考反射板反射至面阵成像传感器内，所述面阵成像传感器连续采集参考反射板上的初始影像，并将初始影像传输至控制器，通过控制器将初始影像进行拼接、裁剪后，得到无待测叶片时，参考反射板上的反射影像R1；At the same time, the light beam projected onto the reference reflector is at least partially reflected by the reference reflector into the area array imaging sensor, and the area array imaging sensor continuously collects the initial image on the reference reflector, and transmits the initial image to the controller, and the controller splices and crops the initial image to obtain a reflection imageR1 on the reference reflector when there is no blade to be measured;
所述步骤S3的具体操作步骤为：The specific operation steps of step S3 are:
所述传送机构再次工作并带动匀光片、参考反射板、低反射率漫反射板、镜片组和线阵成像传感器，从透明载物台的终点位置往透明载物台的起点位置运行；当传送机构运行至透明载物台的起点时停止运行；The transmission mechanism starts working again and drives the light homogenizer, the reference reflector, the low reflectivity diffuse reflector, the lens group and the linear array imaging sensor to move from the end position of the transparent stage to the starting position of the transparent stage; the transmission mechanism stops when it reaches the starting point of the transparent stage;
在传送机构运行过程中，所述发光器工作并向匀光片或直接向待测叶片发出光束；During the operation of the transmission mechanism, the light emitter works and emits a light beam to the light homogenizer or directly to the blade to be measured;
其中投射到匀光片的光束依次透过待测叶片和透明载物台后，经镜片组反射进入线阵成像传感器，从而获得透过待测叶片后的透射影像T2；The light beam projected onto the light homogenizer sequentially passes through the blade to be measured and the transparent stage, and then is reflected by the lens group into the linear array imaging sensor, thereby obtaining a transmission imageT2 after passing through the blade to be measured;
同时，直接投射到待测叶片的光束一部分向上反射，而另一部分向下透射，向下透射的光束透过透明载物台后，投射到低反射率漫反射板上，并由低反射率漫反射板吸收；而向上反射的光束至少部分进入所述面阵成像传感器，所述面阵成像传感器连续采集待测叶片的初始影像，并将初始影像传输至控制器，通过控制器将初始影像进行拼接、裁剪后，得到待测叶片的反射影像R2。At the same time, a part of the light beam directly projected onto the blade to be measured is reflected upward, while the other part is transmitted downward. The light beam transmitted downward passes through the transparent stage, is projected onto the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate, and is absorbed by the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate; and the light beam reflected upward at least partially enters the area array imaging sensor, the area array imaging sensor continuously collects the initial image of the blade to be measured, and transmits the initial image to the controller, which splices and crops the initial image to obtain the reflected imageR2 of the blade to be measured.
根据本发明所述的一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集方法，所述R1、R2、T1、T2均为灰度影像，且为发光器的出光波长为时的影像；所述发光器的波长在同一次的R1和R2，以及T1和T2的采集过程中保持不变。According to the method for synchronously collecting the transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on active light sources described in the present invention,R1 ,R2 ,T1 , andT2 are all grayscale images, and the wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitter is The image is taken at the same time; the wavelength of the light emitter remains unchanged during the collection process ofR1 andR2 , andT1 andT2 at the same time.
根据本发明所述的一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集方法，步骤S1中，获得透射影像T1和反射影像R1后，还包括以下步骤：According to the method for synchronously collecting the transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source of the present invention, in step S1, after obtaining the transmission imageT1 and the reflection imageR1 , the following steps are also included:
S11：根据T1确定线阵成像传感器的曝光时间ET1，其中，ET1的确定原则为：T1的平均像素值DN1小于或等于线阵成像传感器的像素深度；S11: determining the exposure time ET1 of the linear array imaging sensor according toT1 , wherein the determination principle of ET1 is: the average pixel value DN1 ofT1 is less than or equal to the pixel depth of the linear array imaging sensor;
S12：根据R1确定面阵成像传感器的曝光时间ET2，其中，ET2的确定原则为：R1的平均像素值DN2小于或等于面阵成像传感器的像素深度时的曝光时间ST的倍；即：ET2 ≤ST*/>；S12: Determine the exposure time ET2 of the area array imaging sensor according toR1 , wherein the determination principle of ET2 is: the exposure time ST when the average pixel value DN2 ofR1 is less than or equal to the pixel depth of the area array imaging sensor times; that is: ET2 ≤ST*/> ;
所述线阵成像传感器和面阵成像传感器的曝光时间在同一次的R1和R2，以及T1和T2的采集过程中保持不变。The exposure time of the linear array imaging sensor and the area array imaging sensor remains unchanged during the same acquisition process ofR1 andR2 , andT1 andT2 .
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提出一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置与方法，主要是利用主动光源照射植物叶片，以同步采集植物叶片的透射和反射纹理影像信息。其中，本发明通过线阵成像传感器采集植物叶片的透射纹理特征，从而可以获得植物叶片中叶绿素的空间分布信息；本发明还通过面阵成像传感器采集光谱的反射值，从而获得植物叶片中叶绿素的含量特征，将两种特征融合后，可得到包含植物叶片生化参数的空间分布与含量的综合信息，以便进行植物叶片光合作用、植物遗传特性、植物胁迫生理和植物病理等方面的研究。The present invention proposes a device and method for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on active light sources, which mainly utilizes active light sources to illuminate plant leaves to synchronously collect transmission and reflection texture image information of plant leaves. Among them, the present invention collects the transmission texture characteristics of plant leaves through a linear array imaging sensor, thereby obtaining the spatial distribution information of chlorophyll in the plant leaves; the present invention also collects the reflection value of the spectrum through a planar array imaging sensor, thereby obtaining the content characteristics of chlorophyll in the plant leaves. After fusing the two characteristics, comprehensive information including the spatial distribution and content of biochemical parameters of plant leaves can be obtained, so as to conduct research on plant leaf photosynthesis, plant genetic characteristics, plant stress physiology and plant pathology.
另外 ，本发明还通过采用主动光源的方式避免了环境光的影响，保证了植物叶片透射率和反射率的精准测量；并采用低反射率漫反射板对植物叶片进行底衬消光，吸收了植物叶片透射后的光，避免产生二次透射影响反射率精度；还通过利用滚轴对叶片进行即时压实铺平，使得植物叶片的透射与反射影像保持清晰的纹理细节。In addition, the present invention avoids the influence of ambient light by adopting an active light source, thereby ensuring the accurate measurement of the transmittance and reflectance of plant leaves; and uses a low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate to perform bottom matting on the plant leaves, absorbing the light after the plant leaves are transmitted, avoiding secondary transmission that affects the reflectance accuracy; and also uses rollers to instantly compact and flatten the leaves, so that the transmission and reflection images of the plant leaves maintain clear texture details.
与现有技术相比，本发明可以同步获取植物叶片的透射与反射纹理影像，具有一机多用、检测效率高、精度高和使用简单、容易实现的有益效果。Compared with the prior art, the present invention can simultaneously obtain the transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves, and has the beneficial effects of one machine with multiple uses, high detection efficiency, high precision, simple use, and easy implementation.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1为本发明的采集装置示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a collection device of the present invention.
图2 为发明的植物叶片透射与反射光线路线示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the paths of light transmitted and reflected by plant leaves of the invention.
图3 为本发明的采集流程图。FIG3 is a collection flow chart of the present invention.
附图标记：Reference numerals:
100、箱体；110、载物支撑架；111、横杆；112、基座；200、透明载物台；300、发光器；310、冷却连接块；400、面阵成像传感器；500、传送机构；510、电机；520、传送带；530、移动支架；600、控制器；700、待测叶片；810、匀光片；820、参考反射板；830、低反射率漫反射板；840、镜片组；850、滚轴组；900、线阵成像传感器。100, box body; 110, object support frame; 111, cross bar; 112, base; 200, transparent stage; 300, light emitter; 310, cooling connection block; 400, area array imaging sensor; 500, transmission mechanism; 510, motor; 520, conveyor belt; 530, mobile bracket; 600, controller; 700, blade to be tested; 810, homogenizer; 820, reference reflector; 830, low reflectivity diffuse reflector; 840, lens group; 850, roller group; 900, linear array imaging sensor.
本发明附图仅用于示例性说明，不能理解为对本发明的限制。为了更好说明以下实施例，附图某些部件会有省略、放大或缩小，并不代表实际产品的尺寸；对于本领域技术人员来说，附图中某些公知结构及其说明可能省略是可以理解的。The drawings of the present invention are only for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In order to better illustrate the following embodiments, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of the actual product; it is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施方式Implementation
下面将参照附图更详细地描述本发明的优选实施方式。然而应该理解，可以利用各种形式实现本发明而不应被这里阐述的实施方式所限制。相反，提供这些实施方式是为了使本发明更加透彻和完整，并且能够将本发明的范围完整地传达给本领域的技术人员。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.
在本发明使用的术语是仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的，而非旨在限制本发明。在本发明和所附权利要求书中所使用的单数形式的“一种”、“该”旨在包括多数形式，除非上下文清楚地表示其他含义。还应当理解，本文中使用的术语“和/或”是指并包含一个或多个相关联的列出项目的任何或所有可能组合。The terms used in the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "the" used in the present invention and the appended claims are intended to include plural forms unless the context clearly indicates other meanings. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items.
应当理解，尽管在本发明可能采用术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”等来描述各种信息，但这些信息不应限于这些术语。这些术语仅用来将同一类型的信息彼此区分开。例如，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，第一信息也可以被称为第二信息，类似地，第二信息也可以被称为第一信息。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。It should be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. may be used to describe various information in the present invention, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the same type of information from each other. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first information may also be referred to as the second information, and similarly, the second information may also be referred to as the first information. Thus, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，本实施例公开了一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集装置，包括箱体100，该箱体100用于屏蔽外界的环境光；箱体100内设有载物支撑架110，该载物支撑架110上安装有透明载物台200、发光器300、面阵成像传感器400、传送机构500和控制器600。As shown in FIG1 , the present embodiment discloses a device for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source, including a box 100, which is used to shield external ambient light; a carrier support frame 110 is provided in the box 100, and a transparent stage 200, a light emitter 300, an array imaging sensor 400, a transmission mechanism 500 and a controller 600 are installed on the carrier support frame 110.
其中，透明载物台200用于放置待测叶片700，发光器300和面阵成像传感器400设置于待测叶片700的上方，且朝向待测叶片700； 传送机构500用于在透明载物台200的长度方向上进行往返运动，且传送机构500上设置有匀光片810、参考反射板820、低反射率漫反射板830、镜片组840和线阵成像传感器900。Among them, the transparent stage 200 is used to place the blade 700 to be measured, the light emitter 300 and the area array imaging sensor 400 are arranged above the blade 700 to be measured and facing the blade 700 to be measured; the conveying mechanism 500 is used to perform reciprocating motion in the length direction of the transparent stage 200, and the conveying mechanism 500 is provided with a uniform light sheet 810, a reference reflection plate 820, a low reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830, a lens group 840 and a linear array imaging sensor 900.
其中，匀光片810和参考反射板820设置于待测叶片700的上方且匀光片810和参考反射板820之间具有间隔，发光器300用于向匀光片810、待测叶片700和参考反射板820提供光源，匀光片810用于匀化光线；参考反射板820用于反射光线；面阵成像传感器400用于采集放置待测叶片700前，参考反射板820上的反射影像R1；和放置待测叶片700后，待测叶片700上的反射影像R2。Among them, the light homogenizer 810 and the reference reflector 820 are arranged above the blade to be measured 700 and there is a gap between the light homogenizer 810 and the reference reflector 820. The light emitter 300 is used to provide light source to the light homogenizer 810, the blade to be measured 700 and the reference reflector 820. The light homogenizer 810 is used to homogenize the light; the reference reflector 820 is used to reflect the light; the area array imaging sensor 400 is used to collect the reflected imageR1 on the reference reflector 820 before the blade to be measured 700 is placed; and the reflected imageR2 on the blade to be measured 700 after the blade to be measured 700 is placed.
低反射率漫反射板830设置于透明载物台200的下方，且低反射率漫反射板830位于匀光片810和参考反射板820的间隔之间，用于吸收从待测叶片700透射下来的光线；镜片组840和线阵成像传感器900设置于低反射率漫反射板830的下方，且镜片组840设置于匀光片810的下方，用于将透过匀光片810、待测叶片700的光线反射到线阵成像传感器900上；线阵成像传感器900用于采集放置待测叶片700前和放置待测叶片700后，所进入线阵成像传感器900内的透射影像T1和T2。The low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830 is arranged below the transparent stage 200, and the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830 is located between the light homogenizer 810 and the reference reflection plate 820, and is used to absorb the light transmitted from the blade to be measured 700; the lens group 840 and the linear array imaging sensor 900 are arranged below the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830, and the lens group 840 is arranged below the light homogenizer 810, and is used to reflect the light passing through the light homogenizer 810 and the blade to be measured 700 onto the linear array imaging sensor 900; the linear array imaging sensor 900 is used to collect the transmission imagesT1 andT2 entering the linear array imaging sensor 900 before and after the blade to be measured 700 is placed.
另外，所述控制器600分别与发光器300、面阵成像传感器400、线阵成像传感器900、传送机构500和外部的存储设备电连接，用于控制发光器300、面阵成像传感器400、线阵成像传感器900和传送机构500的工作。In addition, the controller 600 is electrically connected to the light emitter 300 , the area array imaging sensor 400 , the line array imaging sensor 900 , the transmission mechanism 500 and an external storage device, respectively, and is used to control the operation of the light emitter 300 , the area array imaging sensor 400 , the line array imaging sensor 900 and the transmission mechanism 500 .
具体地，传送机构500上还设置有滚轴组850，滚轴组850设置于待测叶片700上，用于压平待测叶片700，本实施例中，所述滚轴组850包括4根滚轴，其中2根滚轴设置于匀光片810的前端部和后端部，另外2根滚轴分别设置于参考反射板820的前端部和后端部，低反射率漫反射板830位于滚轴的中间两个滚轴之间的下方。Specifically, a roller group 850 is also provided on the conveying mechanism 500. The roller group 850 is provided on the blade to be measured 700 and is used to flatten the blade to be measured 700. In this embodiment, the roller group 850 includes 4 rollers, 2 of which are provided at the front end and the rear end of the light homogenizer 810, and the other 2 rollers are respectively provided at the front end and the rear end of the reference reflector 820, and the low reflectivity diffuse reflector 830 is located below between the two middle rollers of the rollers.
通过这样设置，使低反射率漫反射板830上方的待测叶片700无其他阻挡，因此发光器300投射在该区域的光一部分被待测叶片700反射出去，另一部分往透过待测叶片700，被待测叶片700下方的低反射率漫反射板830吸收，避免产生二次投射。而被待测叶片700反射出去的光至少部分进入面阵成像传感器400，以便面阵成像传感器400获取待测叶片700的反射影像R2。由于透过待测叶片700下方的光被低反射率漫反射板830吸收，因此，面阵成像传感器400所获取待测叶片700的反射影像R2为叶片的一次反射纹理影像。也就是说，该反射影像R2不含叶片冠层中产生投射的光信息，该反射影像R2为发光器300发出的光在待测叶片700冠层上形成的单次反射纹理影像。By such arrangement, the blade 700 to be measured above the low reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830 is free of other obstructions, so part of the light projected by the light emitter 300 in this area is reflected by the blade 700 to be measured, and the other part passes through the blade 700 to be measured and is absorbed by the low reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830 below the blade 700 to avoid secondary projection. At least part of the light reflected by the blade 700 to be measured enters the area array imaging sensor 400, so that the area array imaging sensor 400 obtains the reflected imageR2 of the blade 700 to be measured. Since the light passing through the bottom of the blade 700 to be measured is absorbed by the low reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830, the reflected imageR2 of the blade 700 to be measured obtained by the area array imaging sensor 400 is a single reflection texture image of the blade. In other words, the reflected imageR2 does not contain the light information generated by the projection in the canopy of the blade, and the reflected imageR2 is a single reflection texture image formed on the canopy of the blade 700 by the light emitted by the light emitter 300.
进一步地，传送机构500包括电机510、传送带520和移动支架530；电机510与控制器600连接，用于驱动传送带520运转；传送带520用于带动移动支架530在透明载物台200上进行往返运动；滚轴组850、匀光片810、参考反射板820、低反射率漫反射板830、镜片组840和线阵成像传感器900设置于移动支架530上，且随着移动支架530的运动而运动。Furthermore, the conveying mechanism 500 includes a motor 510, a conveyor belt 520 and a movable bracket 530; the motor 510 is connected to the controller 600 and is used to drive the conveyor belt 520 to operate; the conveyor belt 520 is used to drive the movable bracket 530 to move back and forth on the transparent stage 200; the roller group 850, the light homogenizer 810, the reference reflector 820, the low reflectivity diffuse reflector 830, the lens group 840 and the linear array imaging sensor 900 are arranged on the movable bracket 530, and move with the movement of the movable bracket 530.
进一步地，载物支撑架110包括基座112、横杆111和用于连接基座112和横杆111的纵向连接杆，其中，透明载物台200安装于基座112上，纵向连接杆分别设置于基座112的两端部，横杆111可活动安装于纵向连接杆上，且横杆111设置于透明载物台200的上方；发光器300和面阵成像传感器400可活动安装于横杆111上。其中，发光器300和面阵成像传感器400只需在未开始采集影像时进行校正，在采集影像时处于固定于横杆111上的状态。Furthermore, the object support frame 110 includes a base 112, a crossbar 111, and a longitudinal connecting rod for connecting the base 112 and the crossbar 111, wherein the transparent stage 200 is mounted on the base 112, the longitudinal connecting rods are respectively arranged at the two ends of the base 112, the crossbar 111 is movably mounted on the longitudinal connecting rod, and the crossbar 111 is arranged above the transparent stage 200; the light emitter 300 and the area array imaging sensor 400 are movably mounted on the crossbar 111. The light emitter 300 and the area array imaging sensor 400 only need to be calibrated before starting to collect images, and are in a state of being fixed on the crossbar 111 when collecting images.
进一步地，发光器300上设有冷却连接块310，且发光器300通过冷却连接块310与横杆111活动连接。冷却连接块310还具有给发光器散热的作用。Furthermore, a cooling connection block 310 is provided on the light emitter 300, and the light emitter 300 is movably connected to the crossbar 111 through the cooling connection block 310. The cooling connection block 310 also has the function of dissipating heat for the light emitter.
进一步地，发光器300上还设有匀光透镜，匀光透镜设置于发光器300的出光镜头上，因此，发光器300上发出的光先经过匀化后，再投射到匀光片810/参考反射板820/待测叶片700上。而对于投射到匀光片810上的光，至少部分光束经过匀光片810匀化后，照射到待测叶片700上，再透过待测叶片700和透明载物台200，投射到镜片组840上，最后经过镜片组840反射进入线阵成像传感器900内，从而使线阵成像传感器900采集到待测叶片700的透射影像T2。当透明载物台200上没有放置待测叶片700时，该光束经过匀光片810匀化后，直接透过透明载物台200，透射到镜片组840上，最后进入线阵成像传感器900内，以便获得无待测叶片700时的透射影像T1。Furthermore, a light homogenizing lens is provided on the light emitter 300, and the light homogenizing lens is arranged on the light output lens of the light emitter 300. Therefore, the light emitted from the light emitter 300 is first homogenized and then projected onto the light homogenizing sheet 810/reference reflector 820/blade to be measured 700. As for the light projected onto the light homogenizing sheet 810, at least part of the light beam is homogenized by the light homogenizing sheet 810, irradiated onto the blade to be measured 700, and then passed through the blade to be measured 700 and the transparent stage 200, projected onto the lens group 840, and finally reflected by the lens group 840 into the linear array imaging sensor 900, so that the linear array imaging sensor 900 collects the transmission imageT2 of the blade to be measured 700. When there is no blade 700 to be measured on the transparent stage 200, the light beam is homogenized by the light homogenizer 810, directly passes through the transparent stage 200, is transmitted to the lens group 840, and finally enters the linear array imaging sensor 900, so as to obtain a transmission imageT1 when there is no blade 700 to be measured.
进一步地，发光器300的主光轴出光方向平行于面阵成像传感器400的镜头光轴方向。具体地，发光器300的主光轴出光方向和面阵成像传感器400的镜头光轴方向均垂直于透明载物台200。Furthermore, the main optical axis of the light emitter 300 is parallel to the optical axis of the lens of the area array imaging sensor 400. Specifically, the main optical axis of the light emitter 300 and the optical axis of the lens of the area array imaging sensor 400 are both perpendicular to the transparent stage 200.
本实施例中，所述发光器300包括两组，且两组发光器300分别设于面阵成像传感器400的左右两侧；两组发光器300发出的光的波长一致，且波长范围为350~2500nm。In this embodiment, the light emitters 300 include two groups, and the two groups of light emitters 300 are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the area array imaging sensor 400; the wavelengths of the lights emitted by the two groups of light emitters 300 are consistent, and the wavelength range is 350-2500nm.
进一步地，当设置有两组或两组以上发光器300时，所述发光器300发出的光投射到透明载物台200后至少部分交汇，形成交汇区域，该交汇区域为待测叶片700的可放置区域。即待测叶片700放置于该交汇区域内。Furthermore, when two or more groups of light emitters 300 are provided, the light emitted by the light emitters 300 at least partially intersects after being projected onto the transparent stage 200 to form an intersection area, which is a placeable area for the blade 700 to be measured. That is, the blade 700 to be measured is placed in the intersection area.
进一步地，从发光器300发出的光直接投射于参考反射板820上，即发光器300到参考反射板820的光路上无其他外物阻挡。参考反射板820的反射率为：/>；式中，/>为350~2500nm范围内的波长，/>为当前波长的反射率（%）；发光器300的波长为/>；Furthermore, the light emitted from the light emitter 300 is directly projected onto the reference reflector 820, that is, there is no other external object blocking the light path from the light emitter 300 to the reference reflector 820. For:/> ; In the formula, /> The wavelength is in the range of 350~2500nm,/> is the reflectivity of the current wavelength (%); the wavelength of the light emitter 300 is/> ;
从发光器300发出的光透过待测叶片700和透明载物台200后投射到低反射率漫反射板830上，对于波长范围为350~2500nm的光线，所述低反射率漫反射板830的反射率不高于2%；即低反射率漫反射板830的反射率小于或等于2%；这样设置主要为了使低反射率漫反射板830更好地吸收发光器300发出的光线，避免发生二次反射。The light emitted from the light emitter 300 passes through the blade to be measured 700 and the transparent stage 200 and is projected onto the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830. For light with a wavelength range of 350~2500nm, the reflectivity of the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830 is not higher than 2%; that is, the reflectivity of the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830 is less than or equal to 2%; this setting is mainly to enable the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830 to better absorb the light emitted by the light emitter 300 to avoid secondary reflection.
所述线阵成像传感器900和面阵成像传感器400的光谱响应范围为波长范围为350~2500nm的母集；The spectral response range of the linear array imaging sensor 900 and the area array imaging sensor 400 is a parent set of wavelengths ranging from 350 to 2500 nm;
待测叶片700的透射纹理影像T的计算公式为：；The calculation formula of the transmission texture imageT of the blade 700 to be measured is: ;
待测叶片700的反射纹理影像R计算公式为：。The calculation formula of the reflected texture imageR of the blade 700 to be measured is: .
本实施例还公开了一种基于主动光源的植物叶片透射与反射纹理影像同步采集方法，包括上述的采集装置，该方法包括以下步骤：This embodiment also discloses a method for synchronously collecting the transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on an active light source, including the above-mentioned collection device. The method includes the following steps:
S1：清空透明载物台200，并通过控制器600控制传送机构500、发光器300、面阵成像传感器400和线阵成像传感器900工作，获取放置待测叶片700前，面阵成像传感器400所采集到的参考反射板820上的反射影像R1和线阵成像传感器900所采集到的透射影像T1；S1: Clear the transparent stage 200, and control the conveying mechanism 500, the light emitter 300, the area array imaging sensor 400 and the linear array imaging sensor 900 through the controller 600 to obtain the reflected imageR1 on the reference reflector 820 collected by the area array imaging sensor 400 and the transmitted imageT1 collected by the linear array imaging sensor 900 before placing the blade 700 to be measured;
S2：将待测叶片700放置于透明载物台200上；S2: placing the blade 700 to be tested on the transparent stage 200;
S3：再次通过控制器600控制传送机构500、发光器300、面阵成像传感器400和线阵成像传感器900工作，获取放置待测叶片700后，面阵成像传感器400所采集到的待测叶片700上的反射影像R2和线阵成像传感器900所采集到的透射影像T2；S3: the controller 600 is used to control the conveying mechanism 500, the light emitter 300, the area array imaging sensor 400 and the linear array imaging sensor 900 to work again, and the reflected imageR2 on the blade 700 to be measured collected by the area array imaging sensor 400 and the transmitted imageT2 collected by the linear array imaging sensor 900 are obtained after the blade 700 to be measured is placed;
S4：根据步骤S1和S3获得的数据计算待测叶片700的透射纹理影像T和反射纹理影像R；其中，；/>；式中，/>为参考反射板820的反射率，/>；其中，/>与发光器发出的光的波长一致。具体地，/>为350~2500nm范围内的波长。S4: Calculate the transmission texture imageT and the reflection texture imageR of the blade 700 to be measured according to the data obtained in steps S1 and S3; wherein, ; /> ; In the formula, /> is the reflectivity of the reference reflector 820, /> ; Among them, /> The wavelength of the light emitted by the light emitter is consistent with that of the light emitted by the light emitter. The wavelength is in the range of 350~2500nm.
具体地，步骤S1的具体操作步骤为：Specifically, the specific operation steps of step S1 are:
所述传送机构500工作时，带动匀光片810、参考反射板820、低反射率漫反射板830、镜片组840和线阵成像传感器900，从透明载物台200的起点位置往透明载物台200的终点位置运行；当传送机构500运行至透明载物台200的终点时停止运行。When the transmission mechanism 500 is working, it drives the light homogenizer 810, the reference reflector 820, the low reflectivity diffuse reflector 830, the lens group 840 and the linear array imaging sensor 900 to run from the starting position of the transparent stage 200 to the end position of the transparent stage 200; when the transmission mechanism 500 runs to the end point of the transparent stage 200, it stops running.
在传送机构500运行过程中，所述发光器300工作并向匀光片810和参考反射板820发出光束。During the operation of the transmission mechanism 500 , the light emitter 300 works and emits a light beam to the light homogenizer 810 and the reference reflector 820 .
其中投射到匀光片810的光束透过透明载物台200后，经镜片组840反射进入线阵成像传感器900，从而获得无待测叶片700时的透射影像T1。The light beam projected onto the light homogenizer 810 passes through the transparent stage 200 and is reflected by the lens group 840 into the linear array imaging sensor 900, thereby obtaining a transmission imageT1 when there is no blade 700 to be measured.
同时，投射到参考反射板820的光束至少部分由参考反射板820反射至面阵成像传感器400内，所述面阵成像传感器400连续采集参考反射板820上的初始影像，并将初始影像传输至控制器600，通过控制器600将初始影像进行拼接、裁剪后，得到无待测叶片700时，参考反射板820上的反射影像R1。At the same time, the light beam projected onto the reference reflector 820 is at least partially reflected by the reference reflector 820 into the area array imaging sensor 400. The area array imaging sensor 400 continuously collects the initial image on the reference reflector 820 and transmits the initial image to the controller 600. The controller 600 splices and crops the initial image to obtain a reflected imageR1 on the reference reflector 820 when there is no blade 700 to be measured.
步骤S3的具体操作步骤为：The specific operation steps of step S3 are:
所述传送机构500再次工作并带动匀光片810、参考反射板820、低反射率漫反射板830、镜片组840和线阵成像传感器900，从透明载物台200的终点位置往透明载物台200的起点位置运行；当传送机构500运行至透明载物台200的起点时停止运行。The conveying mechanism 500 works again and drives the light homogenizer 810, the reference reflector 820, the low reflectivity diffuse reflector 830, the lens group 840 and the linear array imaging sensor 900 to run from the end position of the transparent stage 200 to the starting position of the transparent stage 200; when the conveying mechanism 500 runs to the starting position of the transparent stage 200, it stops running.
在传送机构500运行过程中，所述发光器300工作并向匀光片810或直接向待测叶片700发出光束。During the operation of the transmission mechanism 500 , the light emitter 300 works and emits a light beam to the light homogenizer 810 or directly to the blade to be measured 700 .
其中投射到匀光片810的光束依次透过待测叶片700和透明载物台200后，经镜片组840反射进入线阵成像传感器900，从而获得透过待测叶片700后的透射影像T2。The light beam projected onto the light homogenizer 810 passes through the blade to be measured 700 and the transparent stage 200 in sequence, and then is reflected by the lens group 840 and enters the linear array imaging sensor 900, thereby obtaining a transmission imageT2 after passing through the blade to be measured 700.
同时，直接投射到待测叶片700的光束一部分向上反射，而另一部分向下透射，向下透射的光束透过透明载物台200后，投射到低反射率漫反射板830上，并由低反射率漫反射板830吸收；而向上反射的光束至少部分进入所述面阵成像传感器400，所述面阵成像传感器400连续采集待测叶片700的初始影像，并将初始影像传输至控制器600，通过控制器600将初始影像进行拼接、裁剪后，得到待测叶片700的反射影像R2。At the same time, a part of the light beam directly projected onto the blade 700 to be measured is reflected upward, while the other part is transmitted downward. The light beam transmitted downward passes through the transparent stage 200, and is projected onto the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830, and is absorbed by the low-reflectivity diffuse reflection plate 830; and the light beam reflected upward at least partially enters the area array imaging sensor 400, and the area array imaging sensor 400 continuously collects the initial image of the blade 700 to be measured, and transmits the initial image to the controller 600. The controller 600 splices and crops the initial image to obtain a reflected imageR2 of the blade 700 to be measured.
其中，所述R1、R2、T1、T2均为灰度影像，且为发光器300的出光波长为λ时的影像；发光器300的波长在同一次的R1和R2，以及T1和T2的采集过程中保持不变。Among them,R1 ,R2 ,T1 ,T2 are all grayscale images, and are images when the light emission wavelength of the light emitter 300 is λ; the wavelength of the light emitter 300 remains unchanged during the same collection process ofR1 andR2 , andT1 andT2 .
进一步地，步骤S1中，获得透射影像T1和反射影像R1后，还包括以下步骤：Furthermore, in step S1, after obtaining the transmission imageT1 and the reflection imageR1 , the following steps are also included:
S11：根据T1确定线阵成像传感器900的曝光时间ET1，其中，ET1的确定原则为：T1在匀光片810上的平均像素值DN1小于或等于线阵成像传感器900的像素深度；即：曝光时间ET1为T1未产生过曝时的时间；S11: determining the exposure timeET1 of the linear array imaging sensor 900 according toT1 , wherein the determination principle ofET1 is: the average pixel value DN1 ofT1 on the light homogenizer 810 is less than or equal to the pixel depth of the linear array imaging sensor 900; that is, the exposure timeET1 is the time whenT1 does not produce overexposure;
S12：根据R1确定面阵成像传感器400的曝光时间ET2，其中，ET2的确定原则为：R1的平均像素值DN2小于或等于面阵成像传感器400的像素深度时的曝光时间ST的倍；即：ET2/>。S12: Determine the exposure timeET2 of the area array imaging sensor 400 according toR1 , wherein the determination principle ofET2 is: the exposure timeST when the average pixel value DN2 ofR1 is less than or equal to the pixel depth of the area array imaging sensor 400 times; i.e.:ET2 /> .
本技术方案中，平均像素值DN1和DN2是指图像中像素亮度的一个值，当发光器的光照亮度不变时，平均像素值DN1和DN2是由曝光时间ST决定的，曝光时间越大，平均像素值越大。In this technical solution, the average pixel values DN1 and DN2 refer to a value of the pixel brightness in the image. When the light brightness of the light emitter remains unchanged, the average pixel values DN1 and DN2 are determined by the exposure time ST. The longer the exposure time, the larger the average pixel value.
其中，R1内的平均像素值DN2是所有像素的平均值。在获取反射影像R1时，由于面阵成像传感器是获取参考反射板的影像，如果选择面阵成像传感器400的曝光时间ET2等于此时的曝光时间，则当叶片反射光过高时，可能会产生过曝的问题。通过设置ET2，主要为了适应不同反射率的参考反射板，以保证在获得R1后，再采集R2时，曝光时间不会出现过曝的问题。The average pixel value DN2 inR1 is the average value of all pixels. When acquiring the reflected imageR1 , since the area array imaging sensor acquires the image of the reference reflector, if the exposure timeET2 of the area array imaging sensor 400 is selected to be equal to the exposure time at this time, when the reflected light of the leaf is too high, overexposure may occur. By settingET2 , mainly to adapt to reference reflectors with different reflectivities, to ensure that after obtainingR1 , when collectingR2 , there will be no overexposure problem in the exposure time.
所述线阵成像传感器900和面阵成像传感器400的曝光时间在同一次的R1和R2，以及T1和T2的采集过程中保持不变。The exposure time of the linear array imaging sensor 900 and the area array imaging sensor 400 remains unchanged during the same acquisition process ofR1 andR2 , andT1 andT2 .
显然，本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明技术方案所作的举例，而并非是对本发明的具体实施方式的限定。凡在本发明权利要求书的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific implementation methods of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the claims of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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| CN202410334281.8ACN117929376B (en) | 2024-03-22 | 2024-03-22 | A device and method for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on active light source |
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| CN202410334281.8ACN117929376B (en) | 2024-03-22 | 2024-03-22 | A device and method for synchronously collecting transmission and reflection texture images of plant leaves based on active light source |
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