技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于地热能利用技术领域，尤其涉及一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统、运行方法、不凝气体控制方法和液位调节方法。The present invention belongs to the technical field of geothermal energy utilization, and in particular relates to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat recovery system, an operation method, a non-condensable gas control method and a liquid level adjustment method.
背景技术Background technique
地热能是一种低碳、稳定的可再生能源，并具有资源储量大、分布广泛、热源温度恒定等优点，有着广阔的应用前景。根据地热源温度的大小，通常高温地热源被用于发电，低温地热源往往以热能的方式直接利用。根据地热源的类型，有浅层地热能、水热型地热(地下热水)和干热岩。浅层地热源和水热型地热源，往往都是采取直接取水的方式加以利用，对地下水的破坏较为严重。干热岩的利用，则更多采用增强型地热系统，即通过打井向地底下注入高压水，换热以后再通过另外的井口取出，成本较高。Geothermal energy is a low-carbon, stable and renewable energy source with the advantages of large resource reserves, wide distribution, and constant heat source temperature. It has broad application prospects. According to the temperature of the geothermal source, high-temperature geothermal sources are usually used for power generation, and low-temperature geothermal sources are often used directly as thermal energy. According to the type of geothermal source, there are shallow geothermal energy, hydrothermal geothermal (underground hot water) and hot dry rocks. Shallow geothermal sources and hydrothermal geothermal sources are often used by directly extracting water, which causes serious damage to groundwater. The use of hot dry rocks is more likely to use an enhanced geothermal system, that is, by drilling wells to inject high-pressure water into the ground, and then take it out through another wellhead after heat exchange, which is more costly.
近年来发展起来的通过制造超长重力热管，对地热进行直接取热的方式，得到广泛重视，但其高昂的设备成本，依然是其推广利用的难题。地热能的采热过程所涉及的安全、效率、成本等问题都是地热能利用的核心问题。In recent years, the method of directly extracting heat from geothermal energy by manufacturing ultra-long gravity heat pipes has received widespread attention, but its high equipment cost is still a problem for its promotion and utilization. The safety, efficiency, cost and other issues involved in the geothermal energy extraction process are the core issues of geothermal energy utilization.
发明内容Summary of the invention
为了克服现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统、运行方法、不凝气体控制方法和液位调节方法，主要用于解决现有技术中在利用地热源时通过抽取采热井中的热介质而消耗大量能耗、影响地质环境、设备成本高昂等弊端。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat production system, an operation method, a non-condensable gas control method and a liquid level adjustment method, which are mainly used to solve the disadvantages of the prior art in that when utilizing geothermal sources, a large amount of energy is consumed by extracting heat medium from the heat production well, the geological environment is affected, and the equipment cost is high.
为解决上述问题，本发明所采用的技术方案如下：To solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
第一方面，本发明提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括：In a first aspect, the present invention provides a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat recovery system, comprising:
地热采热系统，设有采热井，利用所述采热井内所容置的可相变介质吸取地热源；The geothermal heat extraction system is provided with a heat extraction well, and the phase-changeable medium contained in the heat extraction well is used to absorb the geothermal source;
重力热管系统，设有至少一部分侵入至地下的半封闭结构，与所述采热井形成包络结构，构成一个在内部可实现蒸发冷凝循环的换热空间；The gravity heat pipe system is provided with a semi-enclosed structure at least part of which is intruded into the ground, forming an envelope structure with the heat extraction well, constituting a heat exchange space in which an evaporation-condensation cycle can be realized;
换热系统，包括换热器，设置于所述换热空间的上部。The heat exchange system comprises a heat exchanger which is arranged at the upper part of the heat exchange space.
在一些实施例中，还包括真空调节系统，与所述重力热管系统耦合，并通过抽取气体的方式调节所述换热空间中的不凝气体含量。In some embodiments, a vacuum regulating system is further included, which is coupled to the gravity heat pipe system and regulates the non-condensable gas content in the heat exchange space by extracting gas.
在一些实施例中，所述重力热管系统的顶部开设有抽气端，用于与所述真空调节系统连接；所述真空调节系统抽气量可调地通过所述抽气端与所述换热空间气道相连。In some embodiments, an exhaust port is provided on the top of the gravity heat pipe system for connecting to the vacuum regulating system; the vacuum regulating system is connected to the air duct of the heat exchange space through the exhaust port with adjustable exhaust volume.
在一些实施例中，所述真空调节系统包括抽气泵或者罗茨泵。In some embodiments, the vacuum regulating system includes an aspirator pump or a Roots pump.
在一些实施例中，还包括相变介质调控系统，用于向所述地热采热系统中输送可相变介质，以调节所述换热空间内的可相变介质含量。In some embodiments, a phase-change medium control system is also included for delivering phase-changeable medium to the geothermal heat recovery system to adjust the content of the phase-changeable medium in the heat exchange space.
在一些实施例中，所述重力热管系统设有进液端；所述相变介质调控系统液体流量可调地通过所述进液端向所述换热空间内提供液态可相变介质。In some embodiments, the gravity heat pipe system is provided with a liquid inlet end; the phase change medium control system can provide liquid phase changeable medium into the heat exchange space through the liquid inlet end in an adjustable manner.
在一些实施例中，相变介质调控系统设有浆液抽取系统；所述浆液抽取系统通过设置于采热井底部的浆液泵，用于清除采热井底部的泥石浆液，和调控采热井内所容置的可相变介质液位。In some embodiments, the phase change medium control system is provided with a slurry extraction system; the slurry extraction system is used to remove the mud and rock slurry at the bottom of the heat production well and to control the liquid level of the phase changeable medium contained in the heat production well through a slurry pump arranged at the bottom of the heat production well.
在一些实施例中，所述重力热管系统包括密封构件，所述密封构件密封连接于所述采热井的开口处，所述密封构件呈半封闭结构，所述密封构件与所述采热井构成一换热空间。In some embodiments, the gravity heat pipe system includes a sealing component, which is sealed and connected to the opening of the heat production well. The sealing component is a semi-closed structure, and the sealing component and the heat production well form a heat exchange space.
在一些实施例中，所述换热器设于所述半封闭结构内侧，所述换热器设有冷媒输入口和冷媒输出口，所述冷媒输入口和冷媒输出口位于所述半封闭结构外侧。In some embodiments, the heat exchanger is disposed inside the semi-enclosed structure, and the heat exchanger is provided with a refrigerant input port and a refrigerant output port, and the refrigerant input port and the refrigerant output port are located outside the semi-enclosed structure.
在一些实施例中，所述相变介质调控系统包括水箱、流量计和流量调节阀，所述流量调节阀用于调节换热空间内的蓄水量。In some embodiments, the phase change medium control system includes a water tank, a flow meter and a flow regulating valve, and the flow regulating valve is used to adjust the water storage amount in the heat exchange space.
在一些实施例中，所述重力热管系统还设有压力传感器和/或温度传感器；In some embodiments, the gravity heat pipe system is further provided with a pressure sensor and/or a temperature sensor;
所述压力传感器用于检测所述换热空间内的压力；The pressure sensor is used to detect the pressure in the heat exchange space;
所述温度传感器用于检测所述换热空间内的温度。The temperature sensor is used to detect the temperature in the heat exchange space.
在一些实施例中，所述温度传感器的数量至少包括两个；其一设于所述重力热管系统的上部，其二设于所述重力热管系统内部另外一个所述温度传感器以下大于1m的位置。In some embodiments, the number of the temperature sensors includes at least two; one is arranged at the upper part of the gravity heat pipe system, and the other is arranged at a position greater than 1m below another temperature sensor inside the gravity heat pipe system.
在一些实施例中，所述密封构件外侧还包设有绝热材料，所述绝热材料用于降低所述换热空间向外界的散热量。In some embodiments, the outer side of the sealing component is also covered with a heat-insulating material, and the heat-insulating material is used to reduce the amount of heat dissipated from the heat exchange space to the outside.
第二方面，本发明提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热运行方法，应用于如上述的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括以下步骤：In a second aspect, the present invention provides a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction operation method, which is applied to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system as described above, and comprises the following steps:
当所述地热采热系统中可相变介质不足时，向其中输送可相变介质，使所述可相变介质吸取地热源后，在采热井中汽化；When the phase-changeable medium in the geothermal heat extraction system is insufficient, the phase-changeable medium is transported therein, so that the phase-changeable medium absorbs the geothermal source and then vaporizes in the heat extraction well;
控制真空调节系统执行抽气动作，以降低不凝气体含量；Control the vacuum regulating system to perform the pumping action to reduce the non-condensable gas content;
通过控制所述换热器内冷媒的流量，实现通过所述组合型重力热管地热采热系统采取地热能。By controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger, geothermal energy can be collected through the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat collection system.
第三方面，本发明提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统不凝气体控制方法，应用于如上述的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括以下步骤：In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling non-condensable gas in a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system, which is applied to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system as described above, and comprises the following steps:
检测采热井中的蒸汽温度与蒸汽压力，并判断蒸汽温度低于蒸汽压力所对应饱和蒸汽温度的差值Δt，设定不凝气体含量控制值对应的温差上限C1，当Δt>C1时，提高真空调节系统出力，以降低Δt；Detect the steam temperature and steam pressure in the heat production well, and determine the difference Δt between the steam temperature and the saturated steam temperature corresponding to the steam pressure, and set the upper limit of the temperature difference C1 corresponding to the non-condensable gas content control value. When Δt>C1, increase the output of the vacuum regulation system to reduce Δt;
设定不凝气体含量控制值对应的温差下限C2，当Δt<C2时，降低真空调节系统出力。Set the lower limit of temperature difference C2 corresponding to the control value of non-condensable gas content. When Δt<C2, reduce the output of vacuum regulation system.
第四方面，本发明提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统不凝气体控制方法，应用于如上述的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括以下步骤：In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling non-condensable gas in a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system, which is applied to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system as described above, and comprises the following steps:
根据检测采热井中不同预设温度测点位置，设定不凝气体含量控制值对应所述不同预设温度测点的温差上限D1；According to the different preset temperature measuring point positions in the detection heat production well, the non-condensable gas content control value is set to correspond to the upper temperature difference limit D1 of the different preset temperature measuring points;
检测采热井中所述不同预设温度测点位置的蒸汽温度，计算所述不同预设温度测点位置的蒸汽温差ΔT；Detecting the steam temperature at the different preset temperature measuring points in the heat production well, and calculating the steam temperature difference ΔT at the different preset temperature measuring points;
当ΔT>D1时，提高真空调节系统出力，以降低ΔT；When ΔT>D1 , increase the output of the vacuum regulation system to reduce ΔT;
设定不凝气体含量控制值对应的温差下限D2；Set the lower limit of temperature difference D2 corresponding to the non-condensable gas content control value;
当ΔT<D2时，降低真空调节系统出力。When ΔT<D2 , reduce the output of the vacuum regulation system.
第五方面，本发明提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统采热井液位调节方法，应用于如上述的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，设定采热井所容置的可相变介质的液位为L，当前液位下组合型重力热管地热采热系统的的最大换热量为Q，包括以下步骤：In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for regulating the liquid level of a heat extraction well of a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system, which is applied to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system as described above, wherein the liquid level of a phase-changeable medium contained in the heat extraction well is set to L, and the maximum heat exchange capacity of the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system at the current liquid level is set to Q, and the method comprises the following steps:
S1、通过调节所述换热器冷媒流量，确定在液位L下组合型重力热管地热采热系统的最大换热量为Q；S1. By adjusting the refrigerant flow rate of the heat exchanger, the maximum heat exchange capacity of the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat recovery system under the liquid level L is determined to be Q;
S2、设定采热井所容置的可相变介质较低的初始液位L0，根据步骤S1确定在L0液位下组合型重力热管地热采热系统的最大换热量Q0；S2, setting a lower initial liquid level L0 of the phase-changeable medium contained in the heat production well, and determining the maximum heat exchange capacity Q0 of the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat production system at the liquid level L0 according to step S1;
S3、逐渐提高L，并逐步确定不同L下的Q值，建立L与Q的关系曲线；S3, gradually increase L, and gradually determine the Q value under different L, and establish the relationship curve between L and Q;
S4、设定最大热负荷Qmax的容置误差限x％；S4. Set the tolerance limit x% of the maximum heat load Qmax ;
S5、根据S3确定Q在[(1-x％)Qmax,Qmax]区间所对应的最佳液位区间[Lx1,Lx2]；S5. Determine the optimal liquid level interval [Lx1 , Lx2 ] corresponding to Q in the interval [(1-x%)Qmax , Qmax ] according to S3;
S6、通过相变介质调控系统调控可相变介质液位面L，使其落于最佳液位区间[Lx1,Lx2]内。S6. The phase-change medium liquid level L is regulated by the phase-change medium regulation system so as to fall within the optimal liquid level interval [Lx1 ,Lx2 ].
相比现有技术，本发明至少包括以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
充分利用地热能恒温热源特性，使得可相变介质在换热空间内持续受热蒸发形成蒸汽，并利用真空调节系统和相变介质调控系统对换热空间内的不凝气体和蓄水量进行调节，使可相变介质处于与当前温度相适配的饱和压力下，保证向换热系统提供稳定的热源；Make full use of the constant temperature heat source characteristics of geothermal energy to allow the phase-changeable medium to be continuously heated and evaporated to form steam in the heat exchange space, and use the vacuum adjustment system and phase-change medium control system to adjust the non-condensable gas and water storage in the heat exchange space, so that the phase-changeable medium is at a saturated pressure that matches the current temperature, ensuring that a stable heat source is provided to the heat exchange system;
本发明可适用任意类型及温度下的地热热源，通过只取热不取水的方式，充分利用地热资源，相比于超长重力热管大幅降低设备成本。The present invention is applicable to geothermal heat sources of any type and temperature, and fully utilizes geothermal resources by taking heat without taking water, thereby greatly reducing equipment costs compared to ultra-long gravity heat pipes.
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
利用附图对本发明作进一步说明，但附图中的实施例不构成对本发明的任何限制，对于本领域的普通技术人员，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据以下附图获得其它的附图。The present invention is further described using the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments in the accompanying drawings do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. A person skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on the following drawings without creative work.
图1是本实施例提供的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统的整体结构示意图。FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system provided in this embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solution of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.
在本发明的描述中，当描述到特定器件位于第一器件和第二器件之间时，在该特定器件与第一器件或第二器件之间可以存在居间器件，也可以不存在居间器件。当描述到特定器件连接其它器件时，该特定器件可以与所述其它器件直接连接而不具有居间器件，也可以不与所述其它器件直接连接而具有居间器件。In the description of the present invention, when it is described that a specific device is located between a first device and a second device, there may or may not be an intermediate device between the specific device and the first device or the second device. When it is described that a specific device is connected to other devices, the specific device may be directly connected to the other devices without an intermediate device, or may not be directly connected to the other devices but have an intermediate device.
对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。Technologies, methods, and equipment known to ordinary technicians in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the technologies, methods, and equipment should be considered as part of the specification.
参照图1，第一方面，本发明实施例提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括：Referring to FIG. 1 , in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system, comprising:
地热采热系统，设有采热井3，利用采热井3内所容置的可相变介质吸取地热源；采热井3向下挖掘，挖入地下深处，且触达地热热储区2，采热井3可以稳定存储可相变介质，其中，可相变介质在输入采热井3时为液态，在采热井3中受热蒸发后，变成气态；The geothermal heat extraction system is provided with a heat extraction well 3, and the phase-changeable medium contained in the heat extraction well 3 is used to absorb the geothermal source; the heat extraction well 3 is dug downward, dug deep underground, and reaches the geothermal heat storage area 2, and the heat extraction well 3 can stably store the phase-changeable medium, wherein the phase-changeable medium is in a liquid state when input into the heat extraction well 3, and becomes a gaseous state after being heated and evaporated in the heat extraction well 3;
重力热管系统，设有至少一部分侵入至地下的半封闭结构，与所述采热井形成包络结构，构成一个在内部可实现蒸发冷凝循环的换热空间；半封闭结构与采热井形成一根热管，在本热管中形成一个大体密封、具有与外界相通的端口的换热空间，可相变介质在换热空间内完成受热、蒸发、上升、放热、冷凝、下降的完整循环过程；The gravity heat pipe system is provided with a semi-enclosed structure at least part of which is intruded into the ground, and forms an envelope structure with the heat extraction well, constituting a heat exchange space in which evaporation and condensation cycles can be realized; the semi-enclosed structure and the heat extraction well form a heat pipe, and a heat exchange space which is generally sealed and has a port communicating with the outside is formed in the heat pipe, and a phase change medium can complete a complete cycle of heating, evaporation, rising, heat release, condensation, and falling in the heat exchange space;
换热系统，包括换热器4，设置于所述换热空间的上部。The heat exchange system includes a heat exchanger 4, which is arranged at the upper part of the heat exchange space.
优选地，换热系统为发电系统，包括至少一个位于采热井3内部的换热器4，换热器4位于换热空间的上部，用于吸收可相变介质的热量并为发电系统提供驱动热源，以将可相变介质的热能并转化成电能。换热器4在采热井3内吸取可相变介质蒸汽的热量，使得其内的冷媒蒸发，为发电系统提供驱动热源，发电系统连接发电机，进行发电。Preferably, the heat exchange system is a power generation system, including at least one heat exchanger 4 located inside the heat extraction well 3, the heat exchanger 4 is located at the upper part of the heat exchange space, and is used to absorb the heat of the phase-changeable medium and provide a driving heat source for the power generation system, so as to convert the thermal energy of the phase-changeable medium into electrical energy. The heat exchanger 4 absorbs the heat of the phase-changeable medium vapor in the heat extraction well 3, so that the refrigerant therein evaporates, and provides a driving heat source for the power generation system, and the power generation system is connected to the generator to generate electricity.
需要说明的是，在整个过程中，由于地热采热系统只向外输送热量，而不输送具体的介质，可相变介质在整个过程中不会进入到换热系统中，而且也无需额外的动力装置，利用可相变介质的相变过程和重力作用，完成热管中的介质流动。It should be noted that during the entire process, since the geothermal heat extraction system only transports heat to the outside but not specific media, the phase-changeable medium will not enter the heat exchange system during the entire process, and there is no need for additional power devices. The phase change process of the phase-changeable medium and the action of gravity are used to complete the medium flow in the heat pipe.
本实施例中，还包括：真空调节系统，与所述重力热管系统耦合，并通过抽取气体的方式调节所述换热空间中的不凝气体含量。In this embodiment, it also includes: a vacuum adjustment system, which is coupled to the gravity heat pipe system and adjusts the non-condensable gas content in the heat exchange space by extracting gas.
相变介质调控系统，用于向所述地热采热系统中输送可相变介质，以调节所述换热空间内的可相变介质含量。The phase-change medium control system is used to transport the phase-change medium to the geothermal heat recovery system to adjust the content of the phase-change medium in the heat exchange space.
重力热管系统的顶部开设有抽气端，用于与真空调节系统连接。An exhaust port is provided on the top of the gravity heat pipe system for connection with a vacuum regulating system.
真空调节系统和相变介质调控系统可以对可相变介质以及空气进行控制，可向采热井3内灌注可相变介质，也可以抽取出位于采热井3上方的不凝气体，由于本系统只取热不取水，维持采热井3内换热空间的稳定性很重要，首先通过通过抽取气体的方式调节换热空间中的不凝气体含量，使得换热空间中的饱和蒸汽压力与蒸汽温度相适配，进入一个恒温稳定状态，此时根据蓄水量及温度的变化状态，可适当输送可相变介质，补充容量；The vacuum regulating system and the phase-change medium regulating system can control the phase-change medium and air, and can inject the phase-change medium into the heat production well 3, and can also extract the non-condensable gas located above the heat production well 3. Since this system only extracts heat but not water, it is very important to maintain the stability of the heat exchange space in the heat production well 3. First, the non-condensable gas content in the heat exchange space is adjusted by extracting gas, so that the saturated steam pressure in the heat exchange space is adapted to the steam temperature, and enters a constant temperature stable state. At this time, according to the change of water storage and temperature, the phase-change medium can be appropriately transported to supplement the capacity;
优选地，可相变介质为水，水在采热井3中受热蒸发变成水蒸气。Preferably, the phase-changeable medium is water, which is heated and evaporated in the thermal well 3 to become water vapor.
作为一种实施方式，重力热管系统包括密封构件1，密封构件1密封连接于采热井3的开口处，密封构件1与采热井3构成一换热空间；As an implementation mode, the gravity heat pipe system includes a sealing component 1, the sealing component 1 is sealed and connected to the opening of the heat production well 3, and the sealing component 1 and the heat production well 3 form a heat exchange space;
换热器4设于密封构件1内侧，换热器4设有冷媒输入口和冷媒输出口，冷媒输入口和冷媒输出口位于密封构件1外侧。The heat exchanger 4 is arranged inside the sealing component 1 . The heat exchanger 4 is provided with a refrigerant input port and a refrigerant output port. The refrigerant input port and the refrigerant output port are located outside the sealing component 1 .
需要说明的是，换热器4可以是多个，换热器4分布在密封构件1内侧，且位于采热井3内部的上部，也即位于采热井3的气相区；密封构件1为帽状结构，其具有下沿，套设在采热井3中，其最下端位于采热井3的中部，采热井3中的注水量高于密封构件1的最下端，使得水蒸气所处的气相区都位于密封构件1所围成的空间内，避免水蒸气流失；It should be noted that there can be multiple heat exchangers 4, which are distributed inside the sealing component 1 and located in the upper part of the heat production well 3, that is, located in the gas phase zone of the heat production well 3; the sealing component 1 is a cap-shaped structure, which has a lower edge and is sleeved in the heat production well 3, and its lowermost end is located in the middle of the heat production well 3. The water injection volume in the heat production well 3 is higher than the lowermost end of the sealing component 1, so that the gas phase zone where the water vapor is located is located in the space surrounded by the sealing component 1 to prevent the loss of water vapor;
优选地，换热器4与密封构件1可拆卸连接，通过固定构件形成一个结构整体，直接固定在采热井3的开口处，且向外设有冷媒输入口和冷媒输出口，用于与换热器4传输冷媒，换热系统通过管道和阀门与冷媒输入口和冷媒输出口连接。Preferably, the heat exchanger 4 is detachably connected to the sealing component 1 to form a structural entity through a fixing component, which is directly fixed at the opening of the heat production well 3, and is provided with a refrigerant inlet and a refrigerant outlet to the outside for transmitting the refrigerant with the heat exchanger 4. The heat exchange system is connected to the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet through pipes and valves.
需要说明的是，密封构件1不是一个完整的管状结构，而是一个下方开口的帽状结构，呈半封闭结构，将其扣在采热井3上部即可。It should be noted that the sealing component 1 is not a complete tubular structure, but a cap-like structure with an opening at the bottom, presenting a semi-closed structure, which can be buckled on the upper part of the heat production well 3.
作为一种实施方式，密封构件1设有进液端11与抽气端12；As an embodiment, the sealing member 1 is provided with a liquid inlet end 11 and an air extraction end 12;
相变介质调控系统水流量可调地通过进液端11向换热空间内提供水源；The water flow rate of the phase change medium control system is adjustable to provide water source to the heat exchange space through the liquid inlet end 11;
真空调节系统抽气量可调地通过抽气端12与换热空间内的空间气道相连。The vacuum regulating system is connected to the air passage in the heat exchange space through the vacuum end 12 in an adjustable manner.
可选地，相变介质调控系统包括水箱8、流量计10和流量调节阀9，流量调节阀9用于调节换热空间内的蓄水量，通过调节流量调节阀9的开度，结合流量计10，可以调整从水箱8流至采热井3的水流量。Optionally, the phase change medium control system includes a water tank 8, a flow meter 10 and a flow regulating valve 9. The flow regulating valve 9 is used to adjust the water storage capacity in the heat exchange space. By adjusting the opening of the flow regulating valve 9 and combining with the flow meter 10, the water flow from the water tank 8 to the heat production well 3 can be adjusted.
可选地，真空调节系统包括抽气泵7或者罗茨泵，和真空阀。Optionally, the vacuum regulating system includes a vacuum pump 7 or a Roots pump, and a vacuum valve.
可选地，密封构件1还设有压力传感器5和/或温度传感器6；Optionally, the sealing member 1 is further provided with a pressure sensor 5 and/or a temperature sensor 6;
压力传感器5用于检测换热空间内的压力；The pressure sensor 5 is used to detect the pressure in the heat exchange space;
温度传感器6用于检测换热空间内的温度。The temperature sensor 6 is used to detect the temperature in the heat exchange space.
还可设置地热源感温器，用于检测采热井3底部，最接近地热源的温度。A geothermal source temperature sensor may also be provided to detect the temperature at the bottom of the heat extraction well 3, which is closest to the geothermal source.
可选地，密封构件1外侧还包设有绝热材料，绝热材料用于降低换热空间向外界的散热量，避免热量通过密封构件1传递至外界。Optionally, the outer side of the sealing component 1 is also covered with a heat-insulating material, and the heat-insulating material is used to reduce the heat dissipation from the heat exchange space to the outside, and prevent the heat from being transferred to the outside through the sealing component 1.
可选地，温度传感器6的数量至少包括两个；其一设于所述重力热管系统的上部，其二设于重力热管系统内部另外一个温度传感器以下大于1m的位置，即两个温度传感器之间的距离大于1m。Optionally, the number of temperature sensors 6 includes at least two; one is arranged at the upper part of the gravity heat pipe system, and the other is arranged at a position more than 1m below another temperature sensor inside the gravity heat pipe system, that is, the distance between the two temperature sensors is more than 1m.
通过在预设的温度测点位置设置温度传感器6，用来检测对应位置的实际温度，从而提供系统运行的数据依据。A temperature sensor 6 is provided at a preset temperature measuring point to detect the actual temperature at the corresponding position, thereby providing data basis for system operation.
可选地，相变介质调控系统设有浆液抽取系统；所述浆液抽取系统通过设置于采热井底部的浆液泵，用于清除采热井底部的泥石浆液，和调控采热井内所容置的可相变介质液位。Optionally, the phase change medium control system is provided with a slurry extraction system; the slurry extraction system is used to remove the mud and rock slurry at the bottom of the heat production well and to control the liquid level of the phase changeable medium contained in the heat production well through a slurry pump arranged at the bottom of the heat production well.
其中，液浆泵的高度可调，一方面可以下降至泥浆层，清除采热井底部的泥石浆液；另一方面可以上升至可相变介质层，对可相变介质液位进行调控。Among them, the height of the slurry pump is adjustable. On the one hand, it can descend to the mud layer to remove the mud and rock slurry at the bottom of the thermal well; on the other hand, it can rise to the phase-changeable medium layer to regulate the liquid level of the phase-changeable medium.
第二方面，本发明实施例提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热运行方法，应用于如上述的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括以下步骤：In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction operation method, which is applied to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system as described above, and includes the following steps:
向地热采热系统中输送可相变介质，可相变介质注入到采热井3中，使可相变介质吸取地热源后，在采热井3中汽化；The phase-changeable medium is transported to the geothermal heat extraction system, and the phase-changeable medium is injected into the heat extraction well 3, so that the phase-changeable medium absorbs the geothermal source and then vaporizes in the heat extraction well 3;
当地热采热系统中可相变介质不足时，向其中输送可相变介质，使所述可相变介质吸取地热源后，在采热井中汽化；When the phase-changeable medium is insufficient in the geothermal heat recovery system, the phase-changeable medium is transported therein, so that the phase-changeable medium absorbs the geothermal source and then vaporizes in the heat recovery well;
控制真空调节系统执行抽气动作，以降低不凝气体含量；Control the vacuum regulating system to perform the pumping action to reduce the non-condensable gas content;
通过控制所述换热器内冷媒的流量，实现通过所述组合型重力热管地热采热系统采取地热能。By controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant in the heat exchanger, geothermal energy can be collected through the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat collection system.
第三方面，本发明提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统不凝气体控制方法，应用于如上述的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括以下步骤：In a third aspect, the present invention provides a method for controlling non-condensable gas in a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system, which is applied to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system as described above, and comprises the following steps:
检测采热井中的蒸汽温度与蒸汽压力，并判断蒸汽温度低于蒸汽压力所对应饱和蒸汽温度的差值Δt，设定不凝气体含量控制值对应的温差上限C1，当Δt>C1时，提高真空调节系统出力，以降低Δt；Detect the steam temperature and steam pressure in the heat production well, and determine the difference Δt between the steam temperature and the saturated steam temperature corresponding to the steam pressure, and set the upper limit of the temperature difference C1 corresponding to the non-condensable gas content control value. When Δt>C1, increase the output of the vacuum regulation system to reduce Δt;
设定不凝气体含量控制值对应的温差下限C2，当Δt<C2时，降低真空调节系统出力。Set the lower limit of temperature difference C2 corresponding to the control value of non-condensable gas content. When Δt<C2, reduce the output of vacuum regulation system.
需要说明的是，在换热空间中，受限于真空调节系统的出力，其真空度的调节范围是有限的，所以通过预先设定，确定出受不凝气体含量控制值对应的温差上限C1和温差下限C2，然后将Δt与其做对比，从而得到控制真空调节系统出力的调节指令。It should be noted that in the heat exchange space, the vacuum degree adjustment range is limited by the output of the vacuum control system. Therefore, the upper limit C1 and lower limit C2 of the temperature difference corresponding to the control value of the non-condensable gas content are determined by pre-setting, and then Δt is compared with them to obtain the adjustment instructions for controlling the output of the vacuum control system.
第四方面，本发明提供另一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统不凝气体控制方法，应用于如上述的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括以下步骤：In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides another non-condensable gas control method for a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system, which is applied to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system as described above, and comprises the following steps:
根据检测采热井中不同预设温度测点位置，设定不凝气体含量控制值对应所述不同预设温度测点的温差上限D1；According to the different preset temperature measuring point positions in the detection heat production well, the non-condensable gas content control value is set to correspond to the upper temperature difference limit D1 of the different preset temperature measuring points;
检测采热井中所述不同预设温度测点位置的蒸汽温度，计算所述不同预设温度测点位置的蒸汽温差ΔT；Detecting the steam temperature at the different preset temperature measuring points in the heat production well, and calculating the steam temperature difference ΔT at the different preset temperature measuring points;
当ΔT>D1时，提高真空调节系统出力，以降低ΔT；When ΔT>D1 , increase the output of the vacuum regulation system to reduce ΔT;
设定不凝气体含量控制值对应的温差下限D2；Set the lower limit of temperature difference D2 corresponding to the non-condensable gas content control value;
当ΔT<D2时，降低真空调节系统出力。When ΔT<D2 , reduce the output of the vacuum regulation system.
需要说明的是，除了以蒸汽温度与蒸汽压力作为调节因素外，还可通过提前预设的温度测点位置，对特定位置进行检测，求得二者之差ΔT，因为采热井的深度较深，在可相变介质在采热井中移动过程中，可能存在上下温差，所以当温差发生变化时，与D1或D2进行比较，得出控制真空调节系统出力的调节指令。在一些可能的实施例中，检测采热井3中的蒸汽温度与蒸汽压力；It should be noted that, in addition to using steam temperature and steam pressure as adjustment factors, a specific position can be detected by pre-set temperature measurement point positions to obtain the difference ΔT between the two. Because the depth of the heat production well is deep, there may be a temperature difference between the upper and lower temperatures during the movement of the phase-changeable medium in the heat production well. Therefore, when the temperature difference changes, it is compared withD1 orD2 to obtain the adjustment instruction for controlling the output of the vacuum adjustment system. In some possible embodiments, the steam temperature and steam pressure in the heat production well 3 are detected;
若蒸汽压力大于可相变介质在对应蒸汽温度下的饱和蒸汽压力，控制真空调节系统执行抽气动作，开启抽气泵7，以降低蒸汽压力；If the steam pressure is greater than the saturated steam pressure of the phase-changeable medium at the corresponding steam temperature, the vacuum regulating system is controlled to perform a vacuuming action and the vacuum pump 7 is turned on to reduce the steam pressure;
若蒸汽压力小于可相变介质在对应蒸汽温度下的饱和蒸汽压力，控制真空调节系统进入停止抽气状态，恢复抽气泵7至关闭状态，使得采热井3中气压慢慢升高；If the steam pressure is lower than the saturated steam pressure of the phase-changeable medium at the corresponding steam temperature, the vacuum regulating system is controlled to stop pumping, and the pump 7 is restored to the closed state, so that the gas pressure in the heat production well 3 is slowly increased;
在地热采热系统及温压调节系统作用下，常温水在采热井3底部被加热成水蒸气，充满整个换热空间。Under the action of the geothermal heat extraction system and the temperature and pressure regulating system, the normal temperature water is heated into water vapor at the bottom of the heat extraction well 3, filling the entire heat exchange space.
利用换热器4吸收可相变介质的热量，水蒸气进而加热换热器4内的冷媒，向换热系统供热，水蒸气经冷凝后回落至采热井3底部被重新加热蒸发，形成循环。The heat of the phase-changeable medium is absorbed by the heat exchanger 4, and the water vapor heats the refrigerant in the heat exchanger 4 to supply heat to the heat exchange system. After condensation, the water vapor falls back to the bottom of the heat production well 3 and is reheated and evaporated, forming a cycle.
第五方面，本发明提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统采热井液位调节方法，应用于如上述的一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，设定采热井所容置的可相变介质的液位为L，当前液位下组合型重力热管地热采热系统的的最大换热量为Q，包括以下步骤：In a fifth aspect, the present invention provides a method for regulating the liquid level of a heat extraction well of a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system, which is applied to a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system as described above, wherein the liquid level of a phase-changeable medium contained in the heat extraction well is set to L, and the maximum heat exchange capacity of the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system at the current liquid level is set to Q, and the method comprises the following steps:
S1、通过调节所述换热器冷媒流量，确定在液位L下组合型重力热管地热采热系统的最大换热量为Q；S1. By adjusting the refrigerant flow rate of the heat exchanger, the maximum heat exchange capacity of the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat recovery system under the liquid level L is determined to be Q;
S2、设定采热井所容置的可相变介质较低的初始液位L0，根据步骤S1确定在L0液位下组合型重力热管地热采热系统的最大换热量Q0；S2, setting a lower initial liquid level L0 of the phase-changeable medium contained in the heat production well, and determining the maximum heat exchange capacity Q0 of the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat production system at the liquid level L0 according to step S1;
S3、逐渐提高L，并逐步确定不同L下的Q值，建立L与Q的关系曲线；S3, gradually increase L, and gradually determine the Q value under different L, and establish the relationship curve between L and Q;
S4、设定最大热负荷Qmax的容置误差限x％；S4. Set the tolerance limit x% of the maximum heat load Qmax ;
S5、根据S3确定Q在[(1-x％)Qmax,Qmax]区间所对应的最佳液位区间[Lx1,Lx2]；S5. Determine the optimal liquid level interval [Lx1 , Lx2 ] corresponding to Q in the interval [(1-x%)Qmax , Qmax ] according to S3;
S6、通过相变介质调控系统调控可相变介质液位面L，使其落于最佳液位区间[Lx1,Lx2]内。S6. The phase-change medium liquid level L is regulated by the phase-change medium regulation system so as to fall within the optimal liquid level interval [Lx1 ,Lx2 ].
需要说明的是，组合型重力热管地热采热系统的最大换热量Q需要与换热器中的冷媒流量进行适配，才能保证一个稳定的换热运行状态，所以当采热系统中液位发生变化时，其对应的换热量Q值也会发生变化，所以可以建立出立L与Q的关系曲线，根据此关系曲线，可得出热负荷区间[(1-x％)Qmax,Qmax]所对应的最佳液位区间[Lx1,Lx2]，并通过相变介质调控系统进行调控。It should be noted that the maximum heat exchange Q of the combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heating system needs to be adapted to the refrigerant flow in the heat exchanger to ensure a stable heat exchange operation state. Therefore, when the liquid level in the heating system changes, the corresponding heat exchange Q value will also change. Therefore, a relationship curve between L and Q can be established. According to this relationship curve, the optimal liquid level range [Lx1 , Lx2 ] corresponding to the heat load range [(1-x%) Qmax , Qmax ] can be obtained, and it can be regulated by the phase change medium control system.
以下的实施例是对本发明的进一步说明，但本发明的范围并不限制于此。The following examples are provided to further illustrate the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
结合图1，本实施例提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统，包括地热采热系统和换热系统，地热采热系统包括采热井3，密封帽和换热器4；密封帽布置于采热井3的上部，与采热井3形成密封空间；换热器4设置于密封帽内侧，换热器4冷媒的进出口设置于密封帽的外侧；换热器4作为高温吸热装置为换热系统提供热源。In conjunction with Figure 1, this embodiment provides a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat collection system, including a geothermal heat collection system and a heat exchange system. The geothermal heat collection system includes a heat collection well 3, a sealing cap and a heat exchanger 4; the sealing cap is arranged on the upper part of the heat collection well 3 to form a sealed space with the heat collection well 3; the heat exchanger 4 is arranged on the inner side of the sealing cap, and the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant of the heat exchanger 4 are arranged on the outer side of the sealing cap; the heat exchanger 4 serves as a high-temperature heat absorption device to provide a heat source for the heat exchange system.
地热采热系统通过相变介质调控系统向采热井3提供水箱8，首先，根据流量计10指示，调节流量调节阀9，通过进液端11从水箱8往采热井3注水，根据地热热储温度的不同，低温水接触地热热储后被加热成热水或者水蒸气，如果无法加热成水蒸气，根据压力传感器5和温度传感器6指示，调节真空阀，抽气泵7通过抽气端12从采热井3抽气，将采热井3内压力调节至地热热储温度下对应饱和蒸发压力，使热蒸汽充满整个采热井3，通过换热器4加热换热系统的冷媒，冷凝后回落至采热井3底部，完成地热采热系统循环过程。The geothermal heat extraction system provides a water tank 8 to the heat extraction well 3 through a phase change medium control system. First, according to the indication of the flow meter 10, the flow regulating valve 9 is adjusted, and water is injected from the water tank 8 to the heat extraction well 3 through the liquid inlet end 11. According to the different temperatures of the geothermal heat storage, the low-temperature water is heated into hot water or water vapor after contacting the geothermal heat storage. If it cannot be heated into water vapor, the vacuum valve is adjusted according to the indications of the pressure sensor 5 and the temperature sensor 6, and the vacuum pump 7 extracts air from the heat extraction well 3 through the exhaust end 12, and adjusts the pressure in the heat extraction well 3 to the corresponding saturated evaporation pressure at the geothermal heat storage temperature, so that the hot steam fills the entire heat extraction well 3, and the refrigerant of the heat exchange system is heated by the heat exchanger 4, and falls back to the bottom of the heat extraction well 3 after condensation, completing the circulation process of the geothermal heat extraction system.
综上，相对于现有技术，上述实施例提供一种组合型重力热管地热采热系统、运行方法、不凝气体控制方法和液位调节方法，通过只取热不取水的方式，提取地热热量，使得可相变介质在换热空间内持续受热蒸发形成蒸汽，并利用真空调节系统和相变介质调控系统对换热空间内的不凝气体和蓄水量进行调节，使可相变介质处于与当前温度相适配的饱和压力下，保证向换热系统提供稳定的热源。In summary, compared with the prior art, the above embodiments provide a combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat extraction system, an operation method, a non-condensable gas control method and a liquid level adjustment method, which extract geothermal heat by taking heat only without taking water, so that the phase-changeable medium is continuously heated and evaporated in the heat exchange space to form steam, and the non-condensable gas and water storage capacity in the heat exchange space are adjusted by using a vacuum adjustment system and a phase-changeable medium control system, so that the phase-changeable medium is at a saturated pressure that matches the current temperature, thereby ensuring that a stable heat source is provided to the heat exchange system.
上述实施方式仅为本发明的优选实施方式，不能以此来限定本发明保护的范围，本领域的技术人员在本发明的基础上所做的任何非实质性的变化及替换均属于本发明所要求保护的范围。The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by technicians in this field on the basis of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection required by the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311805390.5ACN117824174A (en) | 2023-12-25 | 2023-12-25 | Combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat collection system, operation method, non-condensable gas control method and liquid level adjustment method |
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| CN202311805390.5ACN117824174A (en) | 2023-12-25 | 2023-12-25 | Combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat collection system, operation method, non-condensable gas control method and liquid level adjustment method |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311805390.5APendingCN117824174A (en) | 2023-12-25 | 2023-12-25 | Combined gravity heat pipe geothermal heat collection system, operation method, non-condensable gas control method and liquid level adjustment method |
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| CN119245226A (en)* | 2024-08-14 | 2025-01-03 | 成都理工大学 | A heat exchange casing device and method for efficiently exploiting geothermal resources |
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| CN119245226A (en)* | 2024-08-14 | 2025-01-03 | 成都理工大学 | A heat exchange casing device and method for efficiently exploiting geothermal resources |
| CN119245226B (en)* | 2024-08-14 | 2025-08-08 | 成都理工大学 | Heat exchange sleeve device and method for efficiently exploiting geothermal resources |
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