Internal medicine thoracoscopic lung bulla treatment operation training model and manufacturing methodTechnical Field
The application relates to the technical field of medical equipment, in particular to a training model for operation of treating pneumobullae by using a thoracoscope in internal medicine and a manufacturing method.
Background
Lung bullae are generally caused by pulmonary tissue rupture, congenital factors and the like, and have both congenital and acquired properties. Congenital bronchia dysplasia is common in children, and the mucosa fold is valve-shaped, and the cartilage dysplasia causes the valve action. Acquired is commonly seen in adults and elderly patients, and is often accompanied by chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The vast majority of patients with bullae can be treated by thoracoscopic bullae treatment surgery. In order to provide medical personnel with the surgical skills of treating a lung bulla under a thoracoscope, the medical personnel are required to be trained and practiced through a thoracoscope training model.
In the related art, the thoracoscopic training model comprises a surgical thoracoscopic training model and a medical thoracoscopic training model, wherein the surgical thoracoscopic training model is mainly used for training operation of lobectomy under thoracoscopy, the medical thoracoscopic training model mainly aims at simple thoracoscopic operation and comprises medical thoracoscopic biopsy operation, and no thoracoscopic training model special for treatment training of lung bullous operation is available at present.
Thus, the need for a solution to the problem of achieving full-procedure training of medical thoracoscopy from percutaneous puncture to thoracoscopic lung bullous treatment is a great need for those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to realize the full-process training from percutaneous puncture to thoracoscopic bullous treatment of the internal medicine thoracoscopic, the application provides a training model for the thoracoscopic bullous treatment operation of the internal medicine thoracoscopic bullous and a manufacturing method.
The application provides a training model for operation of treating pneumobulla with thoracoscope in internal medicine and a manufacturing method thereof, which adopts the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, a medical thoracoscope lung bulla treatment operation training model, includes the thorax shell, the puncture mouth has been seted up on the thorax shell, can dismantle on the thorax shell and be connected with the cover and locate the outside skin piece of puncture mouth, the inside skeleton inner shell that is provided with of thorax shell, the inside pleura piece that is provided with of skeleton inner shell, the inside lung lobe model that is provided with of pleura piece, lung lobe model surface is provided with lung bulla model, lung bulla model with lung lobe model can dismantle and be connected.
By adopting the technical scheme, the external shape characteristics of the human chest can be simulated by using the chest shell, the skin block, the skeleton inner shell, the pleura block, the lung lobe model and the lung bulla model, and the internal tissue structure of the human chest can be simulated. When the pneumothorax puncture simulation device is used, the puncture practice can be simulated by using the surgical instrument to penetrate through the skin block, and meanwhile, the pneumothorax model arranged on the surface of the pneumothorax model is utilized, so that the whole-flow training from percutaneous puncture to pneumothorax treatment under the pneumothorax can be realized.
Optionally, the thorax shell with the skeleton inner shell is the setting of lateral position, the bottom of skeleton inner shell can be dismantled and is connected with the model base, fixedly connected with lung lobe base on the model base, lung lobe model fixed mounting is in on the lung lobe base.
By adopting the technical scheme, the model base and the lung lobe base are used as installation bases, so that the model can be stably placed when in use, and the stability of a pneumobullous treatment operation under a thoracoscope is ensured.
Optionally, the lung lobe model includes lung lobe main part and trachea, the inside cavity setting of lung lobe main part, lung lobe main part tip with trachea fixed seal communicates, the trachea is kept away from the one end sealing connection of lung lobe main part has breathing simulation air pump.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, with the lung lobe main part with breathe the simulation air pump links to each other, utilizes breathe the simulation air pump and can simulate the state that exhales the shrinkage expansion of lung lobe that breathes in arouses, can help the learner practice like this and carry out the operation process of puncture treatment to the bulla under breathing fluctuation state, has improved the authenticity of operation.
In a second aspect, a method for making a training model for operation of treating a chest cavity-endoscopic bulla, comprising the following steps:
s1, three-dimensional modeling, namely selecting CT image data of a human body with a lung bulla case and normal body shape, and reconstructing a three-dimensional model of each tissue of the chest of the human body;
S2, structural design, namely designing each tissue structure of the chest of a human body into a chest shell, a skin block, a skeleton inner shell, a pleura block, a lung lobe model and a mounting structure according to a three-dimensional model;
S3, designing a mold, namely respectively designing and manufacturing the mold according to the structures of the skin block, the pleura block and the lung lobe model;
s4, manufacturing a part, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps of:
S41, directly printing out the chest shell and the skeleton inner shell by adopting a 3D printing technology;
S42, adopting a pouring molding mode to manufacture skin blocks, pleura blocks and lung lobe models one by utilizing a mold;
s43, manufacturing a lung bulla model by adopting an internal electric heating gel material and utilizing a water evaporation foaming mode;
s5, assembling, namely adhering the lung bulla model to the surface of the lung lobe model, and sequentially assembling and mounting the lung lobe model, the pleura block, the framework inner shell, the thoracic outer shell and the skin block.
By adopting the technical scheme, the three-dimensional modeling mode by utilizing the human CT image data can simulate human tissue structures more truly, each tissue structure of the human chest is designed to be a chest shell, a skin block, a skeleton inner shell, a pleura block, a lung lobe model and a mounting structure, the model can be assembled and mounted more conveniently and rapidly, and the purpose of repeated use can be realized by replacing the skin block.
Optionally, the step S43 includes the following steps:
S431, preparing an electric heating needle and a gel block;
S432, inserting an electric heating needle into the gel block, wherein the distance between the inner end of the electric heating needle and the surface of the gel block is d, and d is more than or equal to 4 and less than or equal to 6mm;
s433, electrifying and heating the electric heating needle to gasify the water in the gel block;
s434, continuously heating the electric heating needle until bubbles are generated on the surface of the gel block, and stopping the electric heating needle to be electrified and heated;
s435, cutting and separating the bubbles from the gel block along the position of the bottom of the bubbles, which is close to the surface of the gel block;
s436, performing surface treatment on the bubbles after cutting and separating;
S437, sealing, refrigerating and storing the air bubbles subjected to the surface treatment for standby.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, can make its inside moisture gasification at the inside mode of carrying out electric heating of gel piece to expand the gel piece outside, and then obtain the irregular bubble that is close the big bubble of lung, only need cut along the bubble border, can obtain the big bubble model of lung that has inside hollow shape and the big bubble of lung in the true case and be close, can guarantee the authenticity of the big bubble of lung treatment whole procedure training under the thoracoscope like this, thereby be favorable to improving the effect of operation training.
Optionally, the surface treatment of the separated bubbles in S436 includes spraying a leather finishing paint on the surface of the bubbles, where the leather finishing paint is an organosilicon polymer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the leather finishing paint of the silicone polymer is sprayed on the surface of the bubble, the phenomenon that the bubble is broken due to the fact that the elasticity of the material is reduced due to the volatilization of the moisture on the surface of the gel can be avoided, and the storage life of the bubble is prolonged.
Optionally, the step S3 includes:
S31, respectively designing and manufacturing a skin mold and a muscle mold according to the skin block;
S32, designing and manufacturing a pleura mold according to the pleura block;
S33, respectively designing and manufacturing a lung lobe mould and an air pipe mould according to the lung lobe model.
By adopting the technical scheme, the mold for independently designing the skin block, the pleura block and the lung lobe model can be used for manufacturing the skin block, the pleura block and the lung lobe model more conveniently and independently, and is favorable for ensuring that the skin block, the pleura block and the lung lobe model are more similar to the structural characteristics of the real human tissue after being manufactured and molded.
Optionally, pouring silica gel with the Shore hardness of 5 degrees into a skin mold to form a skin block, forming polyurethane foam sponge with the hardness of 10 degrees into a muscle mold to form a muscle block, bonding the skin block and the muscle block into a skin block, wherein the hardness and the thickness of the skin block are close to those of a real human body, pouring silica gel with the Shore hardness of 5 degrees into a pleura mold to form a pleura block, and manually painting vascular textures on the inner layer of the pleura block after the preparation.
By adopting the technical scheme, the skin block made of the silica gel with the Shore hardness of 5 degrees and the polyurethane foaming sponge muscle block with the hardness of 10 degrees are bonded into the skin block, so that the hardness of the skin and the muscle of a human body can be simulated more truly, and meanwhile, the vascular textures are painted on the pleura block made of the silica gel with the hardness of 10 degrees by hand, so that a user can experience a surgery process more truly in touch sense and vision at the same time, and the surgery effect is further improved.
Optionally, the muscle mold is made of metal material through machining, the skin mold and the pleura mold are made of resin through 3D printing, and the lung lobe mold and the air pipe mold are made of nylon powder through 3D printing.
By adopting the technical scheme, corresponding manufacturing dies made of different materials can be used, so that the dies can meet the structural strength requirement in the use process, and the manufacturing cost can be saved on manufacturing process and consumable materials.
Optionally, after the chest shell and the skeleton inner shell are printed in S41, surface polishing and paint spraying are sequentially performed on the chest shell and the skeleton inner shell respectively.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, to the surface of thorax shell, skeleton inner shell polish and spray paint the processing can improve the appearance quality of thorax shell, skeleton inner shell, and then improve user experience in the use.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. The application can simulate the appearance characteristics of human chest, internal tissue structure of human chest by using the chest shell, skin block, skeleton inner shell, pleural block, lung lobe model and lung bulla model, and can simulate puncture practice by using surgical instruments to pass through the skin block, and simultaneously realize full-flow training of medical thoracoscope from percutaneous puncture to thoracoscope lung bulla treatment by using the lung bulla model arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model;
2. the skin block is replaced after being conveniently used by puncturing, so that the skin block can be used repeatedly, is made of soft materials, has hardness and thickness similar to those of a real human body, can be used for conveniently practicing touching to position the rib clearance, and then can be used for accurately puncturing;
3. According to the application, the lung lobe main body is connected with the respiration simulation air pump, and the respiration simulation air pump can simulate the state of lung lobe contraction and expansion caused by expiration and inspiration, so that a learner can be helped to practice the operation process of puncture treatment on the lung bullae under the respiration fluctuation state, and the authenticity of the operation is improved;
4. According to the application, the lung bulla model is manufactured by adopting the gel block, and the operations such as puncture, electrocoagulation and the like of the lung bulla can be simulated and trained more truly by utilizing the characteristic that the texture of gel materials is close to that of a real lung bulla;
5. According to the application, the skeleton inner shell is manufactured by adopting nylon 3D printing, so that the skeleton inner shell has certain elasticity while keeping hardness, and the rib expanding process of inserting the thoracoscope into a rib gap can be simulated more truly in the training process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the assembly state structure of a training model for medical thoracoscopic lung bullous treatment surgery according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an exploded state structure of a training model for medical thoracoscopic lung bullous treatment surgery according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the adhesion state of the lung bulla model and the lung lobe model according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for modeling a bulla lung in accordance with an embodiment of the present application.
The reference numerals indicate 100, an outer shell, 101, a puncture, 102, a skin block, 103, a base, 104, a lung lobe base, 200, a framework inner shell, 201, a rib groove, 202, a flange, 300, a pleural block, 400, a lung lobe model, 401, a lung lobe main body, 402, an air pipe, 403, a respiration simulation air pump, 500, a lung bulla model, 600, an electric heating needle, 700, a gel block, 800 and bubbles.
Detailed Description
The application is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-4.
In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present application, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, mechanically connected, electrically connected, directly connected, indirectly connected via an intervening medium, or in communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment of the application discloses a training model for operation of treating a chest cavity mirror lung bulla and a manufacturing method thereof.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2 together, in an embodiment of the application, a training model for treating a pneumobullous bullous with thoracoscope in an internal medicine comprises a chest shell 100 arranged in a lateral position, wherein the chest shell 100 extends to the neck of a human body and extends down to the waist of the human body, a puncture opening 101 is formed in a position from the armpit to the chest of the human body, and a skin block 102 is arranged on the chest shell 100 at the position of the puncture opening 101. The skin block 102 is formed by bonding and combining a muscle block and a skin block, wherein the muscle block and the skin block are made of different soft materials in India, the muscle block has hardness and thickness close to those of human body muscles, and the skin block has thickness and hardness of human body skin. The skin piece 102 covers the outside of the puncture 101 and is fixedly arranged on the surface of the thoracic housing 100 in a detachable connection mode, the connection mode between the skin piece 102 and the thoracic housing 100 can be connected by adopting a screw locking mode, so that the skin piece 102 can be detached and installed conveniently by using screws, the repeated use model can be realized by replacing the skin piece 102, and the cost of the lung bullous operation training can be reduced.
It will be appreciated that in other embodiments of the present application, the connection manner between the skin block 102 and the thoracic housing 100 may be bonded by glue, for example, by using a hot melt adhesive, and when the skin block 102 needs to be detached, the skin block 102 can be conveniently detached by heating the bonding portion to melt the hot melt adhesive, so that convenient detachment of the skin block 102 is achieved. Of course, in other embodiments of the present application, the connection between the skin piece 102 and the chest shell 100 may be made by using a hook and loop connection, a snap connection, or other connection methods that are convenient for assembly and disassembly.
Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present application, a rib cage 200 is disposed in the chest shell 100 in a lateral position, a rib groove 201 is disposed on the surface of the rib cage 200 with reference to a gap between ribs of a human body, a flange 202 is disposed at the bottom of the rib cage 200, and the rib cage 200 is clamped in the chest shell 100 by the flange 202 to form a detachable connection.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3 together, in an embodiment of the present application, a pleural block 300 is disposed inside the skeleton inner shell 200, a lung lobe model 400 is disposed inside the pleural block 300, a lung bulla model 500 is disposed on the surface of the lung lobe model 400, and the lung bulla model 500 is detachably connected to the lung lobe model 400. The use of the chest shell 100, skin piece 102, skeleton inner shell 200, pleural piece 300, lung lobe model 400, lung bulla model 500 not only simulates the appearance of a human chest, but also simulates the internal tissue structure of a human chest.
Referring to fig. 2, in an embodiment of the present application, a mold base 103 is detachably connected to the bottom of the inner shell 200, a lung lobe base 104 is fixedly connected to the mold base 103, and a lung lobe mold 400 is fixedly mounted on the lung lobe base 104. The model base 103 and the lung lobe base 104 are used as installation bases, so that the model can be stably placed when in use, and the stability of a thoracoscopic bulla treatment operation is ensured.
Referring to fig. 2 and 3 together, in one embodiment of the present application, a lung lobe model 400 includes a lung lobe body 401 and an air tube 402, the lung lobe body 401 is hollow, the end of the lung lobe body 401 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the air tube 402, a lung bulla model 500 is fixedly connected to the surface of the lung lobe model 400 by using glue, and a respiration simulation air pump 403 is hermetically connected to the end of the air tube 402, which is far from the lung lobe body 401. The lung lobe main body 401 is connected with the respiration simulation air pump 403, and the respiration simulation air pump 403 can simulate the state of lung lobe contraction expansion caused by expiration and inspiration, so that the trainee can be helped to practice the operation process of puncture treatment on the lung bullae under the respiration fluctuation state, and the authenticity of the operation is improved.
The embodiment of the application relates to an implementation principle of a training model for operation of treating a chest cavity mirror bulla, which comprises the following steps:
The application can simulate the appearance characteristics of human chest and also simulate the internal tissue structure of human chest by using the chest shell 100, the skin block 102, the skeleton inner shell 200, the pleural block 300, the lung lobe model 400 and the lung bulla model 500, can simulate puncture practice by using surgical instruments to pass through the skin block, and can realize full-process training from percutaneous puncture of a medical thoracoscope to treatment of lung bulla under thoracoscope by using the lung bulla model arranged on the surface of the lung lobe model.
The skin block 102 is replaced after convenient puncture use, so that repeated use is realized, the skin block 102 is made of soft materials, and the hardness and the thickness are close to those of a real human body, so that touching can be conveniently practiced to position the rib clearance, and then accurate puncture practice is performed.
The lung lobe main body 401 is connected with the respiration simulation air pump 403, and the respiration simulation air pump 403 can simulate the state of lung lobe contraction expansion caused by expiration and inspiration, so that a learner can be helped to practice the operation process of puncture treatment on the lung bullae under the respiration fluctuation state, and the authenticity of the operation is improved.
According to the application, the lung bulla model 500 is manufactured by adopting the gel block, and the characteristics that the texture of the gel material is close to that of a real lung bulla are utilized, so that the lung bulla model 500 can be subjected to puncturing, electrocoagulation and other operations in a more real simulation training.
According to the application, the skeleton inner shell is manufactured by adopting nylon 3D printing, so that the skeleton inner shell 200 has certain elasticity while keeping hardness, and the rib expanding process of inserting the thoracoscope into the rib gap can be simulated more truly in the training process.
The application can simulate puncture practice by using surgical instruments to pass through the skin block 102, and simultaneously can realize full-flow training of the thoracoscope from percutaneous puncture to the inside of the chest by using the lung bulla model 500 arranged on the surface of the lung bulla model 400, and then the lung bulla treatment is carried out under the thoracoscope.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2 and 4, in one embodiment of the present application, a method for manufacturing a training model for medical thoracoscopic lung bullous treatment surgery includes the following steps:
S1, three-dimensional modeling, namely selecting human CT image data with a lung bulla case and normal body shape, reconstructing a three-dimensional model of neck and chest skin layers, fat layers, muscle layers, bones, lung lobes, surface lung bulla, trachea and bronchus tissues, and simulating a human tissue structure more truly by utilizing a three-dimensional modeling mode of the human CT image data.
S2, structural design, namely designing each tissue structure of the chest of the human body into a chest shell 100, a skin block 102, a skeleton inner shell 200, a pleura block 300, a lung lobe model 400 and an installation structure in the embodiment 1 according to the three-dimensional model. Each tissue structure of the chest of the human body is designed to be a chest shell 100, a skin block 102, a skeleton inner shell 200, a pleura block 300, a lung lobe model 400 and an installation structure, and the purpose of repeated use can be realized by replacing the skin block 102. The pleural block 300 is designed separately according to the rib contour of the skeleton inner shell 200 and the position of the lung lobe model 400, and then a replaceable skin block 102 is designed at the puncture area of the endoscopic thoracoscopic operation, namely, the position from the armpit to the chest of the human body, and the mounting structure comprises a model base 103, a flange and other connecting structures.
S3, designing and manufacturing the molds according to the structures of the skin block 102, the pleura block 300 and the lung lobe model 400, wherein the molds of the skin block 102, the pleura block 300 and the lung lobe model 400 are independently designed, so that the skin block 102, the pleura block 300 and the lung lobe model 400 can be manufactured more conveniently and independently, the manufacturing characteristics of the skin block 102, the pleura block 300 and the lung lobe model 400 and the structure characteristics of a real human body tissue are more similar after the skin block 102, the pleura block 300 and the lung lobe model 400 are manufactured, and the molds are manufactured by using different materials, so that the molds can meet the structural strength requirement in the use process, and the manufacturing cost can be saved on the manufacturing process and the consumable materials. The method comprises the following specific steps:
S31, respectively designing a skin mold and a muscle mold according to the skin block 102, wherein the skin mold is manufactured by resin 3D printing, and the muscle mold is manufactured by machining metal materials.
S32, a pleura mould designed according to the pleura block 300 is manufactured by adopting resin 3D printing.
S33, respectively designing a lung lobe mould and an air pipe mould according to the lung lobe model 400, wherein the lung lobe mould and the air pipe mould are manufactured by adopting nylon powder 3D printing.
S4, manufacturing parts, wherein the manufacturing of the parts comprises the following steps:
S41, directly printing the chest shell 100 and the skeleton inner shell 200 by adopting a 3D printing technology, sequentially polishing the surfaces of the chest shell 100 and the skeleton inner shell 200, and carrying out paint repainting treatment on the surfaces of the chest shell 100 and the skeleton inner shell 200. Polishing and paint spraying treatment on the surfaces of the chest shell 100 and the framework inner shell 200 can improve the appearance quality of the chest shell 100 and the framework inner shell 200, and further improve the user experience of a user in the using process.
S42, manufacturing a skin block 102, a pleura block 300 and a lung lobe model 400 one by using a die in a pouring molding mode, wherein the concrete steps comprise:
s421, pouring silica gel with the Shore hardness of 5 degrees into a skin mold to form a skin block;
S422, manufacturing a muscle block by pouring polyurethane foaming sponge with hardness of 10 degrees through a muscle mold
S423, bonding the skin block and the muscle block into the skin block 102, and bonding the skin block made of silica gel with the Shore hardness of 5 degrees and the polyurethane foam sponge muscle block with the hardness of 10 degrees into the skin block 102 can simulate the hardness of the skin and the muscle of a human body more truly.
S424, pouring silica gel with the hardness of 10 degrees into a pleura mould to manufacture the pleura block 300, and manually painting vascular textures on the inner layer of the pleura block 300 after manufacture, wherein the vascular width is smaller than 0.5mm. The vascular texture is manually painted on the pleural block 300 made of the silica gel with the hardness of 10 degrees, so that a user can more truly experience the operation process in touch sense and vision at the same time, and the operation effect is further improved.
S424, manufacturing a lung lobe model 400 by adopting a lung lobe mould and an air pipe mould, and after the lung lobe model 400 is manufactured, bonding the lung lobe and the air pipe by using glue, so as to keep a hollow structure inside the lung lobe and realize ventilation.
S43, an internal electric heating gel material is adopted to manufacture a lung bulla model 500 by utilizing a water evaporation foaming mode, as shown in fig. 4, the internal water can be gasified by adopting an electric heating mode in the gel block 700, so that the outside of the gel block 700 is expanded, further, an irregular bubble 800 which is close to a lung bulla is obtained, the lung bulla model 500 which has an internal hollow shape and is close to the lung bulla in a real case can be obtained only by cutting along the edge of the bubble 800, and the authenticity of the whole flow training of lung bulla treatment under thoracoscopy can be ensured, thereby being beneficial to improving the effect of operation training. Specific ways of making the bulla model 500 include:
S431, preparing the electric heating needle 600 and the gel block 700;
S432, inserting the electric heating needle 600 into the gel block 700, wherein the distance d between the inner end part of the electric heating needle 600 and the surface of the gel block 700 is equal to or more than 4 and equal to or less than 6mm, and the distance d between the inner end part of the electric heating needle 600 and the surface of the gel block 700 is preferably equal to or less than 5mm.
S433, electrifying and heating the electric heating needle 600 to gasify the water in the gel block 700;
S434, continuously heating the electric heating needle 600 until bubbles 800 are generated on the surface of the gel block 700, and stopping the electric heating needle 600 to be electrified and heated until the diameter of the bubbles 800 is close to 30 mm;
s435, cutting and separating the air bubbles 800 from the gel block 700 along the bottom of the air bubbles 800 at a position close to the surface of the gel block 700;
S436, carrying out surface treatment on the separated bubbles 800, namely spraying leather finishing paint on the surface of the bubbles 800, wherein the leather finishing paint is an organosilicon polymer. The leather finishing paint of the silicone polymer is sprayed on the surface of the bubble 800, so that the phenomenon of bubble breakage caused by the reduction of elasticity of the material due to the volatilization of water on the surface of gel can be avoided, and the storage life of the bubble 800 is prolonged.
And S437, sealing, refrigerating and storing the air bubbles 800 subjected to the surface treatment for standby.
S5, assembling, namely adhering the lung bulla model 500 to the surface of the lung lobe model 400, and sequentially assembling and installing the lung lobe model 400, the pleura block 300, the framework inner shell 200, the thoracic outer shell 100 and the skin block 102 to finish the preparation of the training model for treating the chest bulla of the medical thoracoscope.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the application, so that the equivalent changes of the structure, shape and principle of the application are covered by the scope of the application.