技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及骨感染技术领域，具体涉及一种骨水泥髓内钉的制备方法。The present invention relates to the technical field of bone infection, and specifically relates to a method for preparing a bone cement intramedullary nail.
背景技术Background technique
长骨感染性骨不连，是一种病理复杂的慢性疾病。常见的病因有开放性骨折，软组织或骨质缺失，骨折内固定术后感染，慢性骨髓炎伴病理性骨折，骨感染清创等。其中，骨折内固定术后感染性骨不连，处理起来更加困难，因为内固定物上可能已经存在细菌粘附，并形成生物膜，此时内固定成为了感染的潜在媒介。生物膜是由多糖和蛋白组成的水合基质，一旦形成，可使病原菌免于抗生素、调理素杀伤以及白细胞的吞噬。针对这种生物膜相关性的感染，经典的治疗感染性骨不连方法是，首先彻底清除，包括髓腔内应用抗生素骨水泥链珠和全身应用抗生素，将感染性骨不连转化为无菌性骨不连，然后通过外固定或内固定方式提供足够的骨稳定性。与传统的方法不同，抗生素骨水泥涂层髓内钉可同时提供断端稳定和发挥抗感染作用，并且可以早期活动，避免针道感染。Infectious nonunion of long bones is a chronic disease with complex pathology. Common causes include open fractures, soft tissue or bone loss, infection after internal fracture fixation, chronic osteomyelitis with pathological fractures, bone infection debridement, etc. Among them, infected nonunion after fracture internal fixation is more difficult to deal with, because bacteria may already adhere to the internal fixation and form a biofilm. At this time, the internal fixation becomes a potential vector of infection. Biofilm is a hydrated matrix composed of polysaccharides and proteins. Once formed, it can protect pathogenic bacteria from killing by antibiotics, opsonins and phagocytosis by white blood cells. For this biofilm-related infection, the classic method of treating infected nonunions is to first completely remove them, including intramedullary application of antibiotic bone cement beads and systemic application of antibiotics to convert the infected nonunion into sterility. nonunion, and then external or internal fixation is used to provide adequate bone stability. Unlike traditional methods, antibiotic bone cement-coated intramedullary nails can simultaneously provide stability of the broken end and play an anti-infection role, and can be mobilized early to avoid pin tract infection.
申请日为2020.01.15，公布号为CN 111150475 A的专利公开了一种骨水泥髓内钉及其制备方法，该方法是先使用薄层CT扫描感染性骨不连骨干的髓腔长度、宽度和曲度，根据薄层CT的扫描结果，通过3D打印机打印髓内钉和髓内钉模具，然后将制作的骨水泥涂于模具内壁上，最终得到表面覆盖有骨水泥的髓内钉。该专利中公开的制备方法需要使用薄层CT进行扫描，根据扫描结果，通过3D打印机打印髓内钉和髓内钉模具，这种方式一方面过程繁琐，成本高，The patent application date is January 15, 2020 and the publication number is CN 111150475 A. The patent discloses a bone cement intramedullary nail and its preparation method. The method first uses thin-section CT to scan the length and width of the medullary cavity of the infected nonunion diaphysis. and curvature. Based on the scan results of thin-layer CT, the intramedullary nail and the intramedullary nail mold are printed with a 3D printer, and then the produced bone cement is applied to the inner wall of the mold, and finally an intramedullary nail covered with bone cement is obtained. The preparation method disclosed in this patent requires the use of thin-layer CT scans. Based on the scan results, intramedullary nails and intramedullary nail molds are printed with a 3D printer. On the one hand, this method is cumbersome and costly.
另一方面得到的髓内钉模具与感染处的股骨髓腔是一样的，这样导致髓内钉的直径与覆盖在髓内钉表面的骨水泥厚度是随机的，由于髓腔及髓内钉模具的内腔尺寸是一定的，若骨水泥厚度较厚，则髓内钉直径较小，导致抑菌效果较好但髓内钉强度不足，若骨水泥厚度较薄，则髓内钉直径较大，导致髓内钉强度较好但抑菌效果较差。On the other hand, the obtained intramedullary nail mold is the same as the femoral medullary cavity at the infected site. This causes the diameter of the intramedullary nail and the thickness of the bone cement covering the surface of the intramedullary nail to be random. Due to the medullary cavity and the intramedullary nail mold The size of the inner cavity is certain. If the thickness of the bone cement is thicker, the diameter of the intramedullary nail will be smaller, resulting in better antibacterial effect but insufficient strength of the intramedullary nail. If the thickness of the bone cement is thin, the diameter of the intramedullary nail will be larger. , resulting in better intramedullary nail strength but poor antibacterial effect.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对目前存在的技术问题，本发明提供一种骨水泥髓内钉的制备方法，以解决现有技术中的问题。In view of the current technical problems, the present invention provides a preparation method of a bone cement intramedullary nail to solve the problems in the existing technology.
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种骨水泥髓内钉的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a bone cement intramedullary nail, including the following steps:
S1，设定标准S1, setting standards
髓内钉直径需要满足力学强度、同时要考虑骨水泥涂层厚度，经过力学分析在受力不大于700N承重范围内直径为5mm的髓内钉既能满足强度要求，又能满足骨水泥涂层的厚度要求，对于受力不大于1400N的承重，直径为6mm的髓内钉的承受强度及抗形变能力更好；The diameter of the intramedullary nail needs to meet the mechanical strength and the thickness of the bone cement coating must be considered. After mechanical analysis, an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 5 mm within a load-bearing range of no more than 700N can meet both the strength requirements and the bone cement coating. According to the thickness requirement, for a load-bearing force of no more than 1400N, an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 6mm has better bearing strength and deformation resistance;
S2，髓内钉直径的选择S2, selection of intramedullary nail diameter
根据S1设定的标准，当患者体重大于70kg时，选择直径为6mm的髓内钉，当患者体重小于70kg时，选择直径为5mm的髓内钉；According to the standards set by S1, when the patient weighs more than 70kg, choose an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 6mm, and when the patient weighs less than 70kg, choose an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 5mm;
S3，骨水泥涂层的厚度S3, thickness of bone cement coating
骨水泥涂层的厚度依据患者髓腔直径而确定，满足患者髓腔直径等于骨水泥涂层厚度的两倍与髓内钉直径之和；The thickness of the bone cement coating is determined based on the diameter of the patient's medullary cavity, which is equal to the sum of twice the thickness of the bone cement coating and the diameter of the intramedullary nail;
S4，髓内钉模具的选择S4, Selection of intramedullary nail mold
依托髓内钉尺寸选择髓内钉模具，髓内钉模具的设计长度为选定的髓内钉长度加上8-12mm，髓内钉模具的直径为髓内钉直径与骨水泥涂层厚度之和。The intramedullary nail mold is selected based on the size of the intramedullary nail. The design length of the intramedullary nail mold is the selected intramedullary nail length plus 8-12mm. The diameter of the intramedullary nail mold is the sum of the diameter of the intramedullary nail and the thickness of the bone cement coating. and.
优选的，所述骨水泥涂层中的抗生素浓度为5%~10%。Preferably, the antibiotic concentration in the bone cement coating is 5% to 10%.
优选的，所述髓内钉的材料为钛合金。Preferably, the intramedullary nail is made of titanium alloy.
优选的，所述髓内钉模具的材料为PEEK。Preferably, the material of the intramedullary nail mold is PEEK.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果：Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明通过设定髓内钉直径标准，使用时根据患者体重选定相应标准的髓内钉直径，然后根据髓腔大小确定骨水泥厚度和髓内钉模具，兼顾了髓内钉的强度与抑菌效果，且制造使用方便，制造成本较低。By setting the intramedullary nail diameter standard, the invention selects the corresponding standard intramedullary nail diameter according to the patient's weight during use, and then determines the bone cement thickness and intramedullary nail mold according to the size of the medullary cavity, taking into account the strength and suppression of the intramedullary nail. It has antibacterial effect, is easy to manufacture and use, and has low manufacturing cost.
实施方式Implementation
下面结合试验例及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细描述。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例，凡基于本发明内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific implementations. However, this should not be understood to mean that the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. All technologies implemented based on the contents of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
在本发明的描述中，除非另有规定和限定，需要说明的是，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是机械连接或电连接，也可以是两个元件内部的连通，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语的具体含义。In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it should be noted that the terms "installation", "connection" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or both. The internal connection between components may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms can be understood according to the specific situation.
一种骨水泥髓内钉的制备方法，包括以下步骤：A method for preparing a bone cement intramedullary nail, including the following steps:
S1，设定标准S1, setting standards
髓内钉直径选择遵循不留死腔间隙的原则，带有抗生素骨水泥涂层的髓内钉要充分填充髓腔，髓内钉直径需要满足力学强度、同时要考虑骨水泥涂层厚度，经过力学分析在受力不大于700N承重范围内直径为5mm的髓内钉既能满足强度要求，又能满足骨水泥涂层的厚度要求，对于受力不大于1400N的承重，直径为6mm的髓内钉的承受强度及抗形变能力更好；The selection of intramedullary nail diameter follows the principle of leaving no dead space. An intramedullary nail with an antibiotic bone cement coating must fully fill the medullary cavity. The diameter of the intramedullary nail must meet the mechanical strength and the thickness of the bone cement coating must be considered. After Mechanical analysis shows that an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 5 mm can meet both the strength requirements and the thickness requirements of the bone cement coating within a load-bearing range of no more than 700N. For a load-bearing force of no more than 1400N, an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 6 mm can The nail has better bearing strength and deformation resistance;
S2，髓内钉直径的选择S2, selection of intramedullary nail diameter
根据S1设定的标准，当患者体重大于70kg时，选择直径为6mm的髓内钉，当患者体重小于70kg时，选择直径为5mm的髓内钉；According to the standards set by S1, when the patient weighs more than 70kg, choose an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 6mm, and when the patient weighs less than 70kg, choose an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 5mm;
髓内钉的长度取决于患者原有内固定长度及患者股骨髓腔长度，基本原则是充分填充髓内，避免留有死腔，市面上现有商品化髓内钉的长度为320mm-460mm，以20mm进制；本实施例中所述髓内钉的材料为钛合金。The length of the intramedullary nail depends on the patient's original internal fixation length and the length of the patient's femoral medullary cavity. The basic principle is to fully fill the intramedullary cavity and avoid leaving dead space. The length of the existing commercial intramedullary nails on the market is 320mm-460mm. The system is made in 20 mm; the material of the intramedullary nail in this embodiment is titanium alloy.
S3，骨水泥涂层的厚度S3, thickness of bone cement coating
骨水泥涂层的厚度依据患者髓腔直径而确定，满足患者髓腔直径等于骨水泥涂层厚度的两倍与髓内钉直径之和；假设患者髓腔直径为10mm，髓内钉直径为6mm，那么涂层厚度为2mm；若髓腔直径为12mm，髓内钉直径为6mm，那么涂层厚度为3mm；The thickness of the bone cement coating is determined based on the diameter of the patient's medullary cavity. The patient's medullary cavity diameter is equal to twice the thickness of the bone cement coating and the sum of the diameter of the intramedullary nail. Assume that the diameter of the patient's medullary cavity is 10mm and the diameter of the intramedullary nail is 6mm. , then the coating thickness is 2mm; if the medullary cavity diameter is 12mm and the intramedullary nail diameter is 6mm, then the coating thickness is 3mm;
所述骨水泥涂层中的抗生素浓度为5%~10%。The antibiotic concentration in the bone cement coating is 5% to 10%.
S4，髓内钉模具的选择S4, intramedullary nail mold selection
依托髓内钉尺寸选择髓内钉模具，髓内钉模具的设计长度为选定的髓内钉长度加上8-12mm，髓内钉模具的直径为髓内钉直径与骨水泥涂层厚度之和。例如患者髓腔直径为11mm，长度为330mm，我们就选择髓内钉直径为6mm，长度为310mm的髓内钉，使用11mm直径，320mm长度的髓内钉模具制作，制作后骨水泥涂层厚度为2.5mm，近端内径为13mm，远端内径为9mm、10mm、11mm、12mm，髓内钉模具厚度2mm，长度分别为320mm、340mm、360mm、380mm、400mm、420mm、440mm。在本案中，所述髓内钉模具的材料为PEEK。The intramedullary nail mold is selected based on the size of the intramedullary nail. The design length of the intramedullary nail mold is the selected intramedullary nail length plus 8-12mm. The diameter of the intramedullary nail mold is the sum of the diameter of the intramedullary nail and the thickness of the bone cement coating. and. For example, if the diameter of the patient's medullary cavity is 11mm and the length is 330mm, we will choose an intramedullary nail with a diameter of 6mm and a length of 310mm, and use an intramedullary nail mold with a diameter of 11mm and a length of 320mm to make it. The thickness of the bone cement coating after production 2.5mm, the proximal inner diameter is 13mm, the distal inner diameter is 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, the intramedullary nail mold thickness is 2mm, and the lengths are 320mm, 340mm, 360mm, 380mm, 400mm, 420mm, 440mm respectively. In this case, the material of the intramedullary nail mold is PEEK.
S5，制备骨水泥髓内钉S5, Preparation of cemented intramedullary nail
在步骤S4选择好合适尺寸的髓内钉模具之后，对接组合好髓内钉模具，并在髓内钉模具内放入并固定好髓内钉，髓内钉的尺寸参数需符合步骤S2选择的髓内钉直径，然后向髓内钉模具内浇筑骨水泥，骨水泥涂层的厚度和抗生素浓度参数需符合步骤S3所选择的参数；待骨水泥凝固后拆开髓内钉模具，取出制备成型的骨水泥髓内钉。步骤S5中具体对接组合髓内钉模具、放入固定髓内钉、浇筑骨水泥、拆髓内钉模具等实施方式，与现有技术相同，因为不是本案主要发明点故在此不做更多赘述。After selecting an intramedullary nail mold of appropriate size in step S4, assemble the intramedullary nail mold, place and fix the intramedullary nail in the intramedullary nail mold. The size parameters of the intramedullary nail must comply with those selected in step S2. The diameter of the intramedullary nail, and then pour bone cement into the intramedullary nail mold. The thickness of the bone cement coating and the antibiotic concentration parameters must comply with the parameters selected in step S3; after the bone cement solidifies, the intramedullary nail mold is disassembled and taken out to prepare the mold. cemented intramedullary nail. In step S5, the specific implementation methods of docking the combined intramedullary nail mold, inserting the fixed intramedullary nail, pouring bone cement, and removing the intramedullary nail mold are the same as those of the existing technology. Since they are not the main invention of this case, we will not go into more detail here. Repeat.
需要特别说明的是，在具体运用过程中，针对每个病人的体重等情况不同，对应完成步骤S1至4的尺寸参数选择，最后完成步骤S5，针对每个病人制备出合适的骨水泥髓内钉，且骨水泥髓内钉兼顾强度和抑菌效果。It should be noted that during the specific application process, according to the different weight and other conditions of each patient, the size parameter selection of steps S1 to 4 should be completed accordingly, and finally step S5 should be completed to prepare a suitable bone cement intramedullary for each patient. Nails, and bone cement intramedullary nails have both strength and antibacterial effect.
以上只是说明了本实施例的主要步骤，其他未具体说明的可参考现有技术，在此不做详细说明。The above only describes the main steps of this embodiment. For other details that are not specifically described, please refer to the existing technology and will not be described in detail here.
以上描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes based on the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, any technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the concept of the present invention and on the basis of the prior art should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410052971.4ACN117731379B (en) | 2024-01-15 | 2024-01-15 | Preparation method of bone cement intramedullary nail |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410052971.4ACN117731379B (en) | 2024-01-15 | 2024-01-15 | Preparation method of bone cement intramedullary nail |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN117731379Atrue CN117731379A (en) | 2024-03-22 |
| CN117731379B CN117731379B (en) | 2024-09-10 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202410052971.4AActiveCN117731379B (en) | 2024-01-15 | 2024-01-15 | Preparation method of bone cement intramedullary nail |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117731379B (en) |
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