技术领域Technical field
本发明属于光纤传感技术领域，尤其涉及保偏光纤内偏振串扰点的制备。The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to the preparation of polarization crosstalk points in polarization-maintaining optical fibers.
背景技术Background technique
保偏光纤由于其偏振特性，可以传输线偏振光，而被广泛应用于光纤通信领域。以光纤相干检测为背景的光纤传感器设计中，通常利用保偏光纤的偏振保持特性提高传感器的信号强度，以实现超高精度的传感测量。在拉制保偏光纤的过程中，难以避免的会在光纤内部产生一些随机结构缺陷，这些缺陷的产生使得沿某一特征轴稳定传输的偏振光耦合到与其垂直的另一个特征轴上，降低了保偏光纤的偏振保持能力。这种现象就是保偏光纤中的偏振串扰。偏振串扰的存在一方面降低了保偏光纤的消光比水平，另一方面也可以利用保偏光纤中的偏振串扰进行光纤传感，对其所处环境的温度以及应变进行测量。Due to its polarization characteristics, polarization-maintaining optical fiber can transmit linearly polarized light and is widely used in the field of optical fiber communications. In the design of optical fiber sensors based on optical fiber coherent detection, the polarization-maintaining characteristics of polarization-maintaining optical fibers are usually used to improve the signal strength of the sensor to achieve ultra-high-precision sensing measurements. In the process of drawing polarization-maintaining optical fiber, some random structural defects will inevitably be generated inside the optical fiber. The generation of these defects causes the polarized light transmitted stably along a certain characteristic axis to be coupled to another characteristic axis perpendicular to it, reducing the It improves the polarization maintaining ability of polarization-maintaining fiber. This phenomenon is polarization crosstalk in polarization-maintaining fibers. On the one hand, the existence of polarization crosstalk reduces the extinction ratio level of the polarization-maintaining fiber. On the other hand, the polarization crosstalk in the polarization-maintaining fiber can also be used for fiber sensing to measure the temperature and strain of the environment in which it is located.
申请号为201610877457.X的专利文件中提出了一种电极放电在保偏光纤内产生强度可控弱偏振耦合点的装置，该发明通过改变放电电极的强度、放电时间、放电电极的形状和放电中部保偏光纤扭转的角度来实现保偏光纤的非对称折射率调制，从而产生强度可控弱偏振耦合点。申请号为201710298689.4的专利文件中提供了一种紫外曝光在保偏光纤内产生强度可控弱偏振耦合点的方法及装置，该发明通过调整紫外光曝光角度、曝光强度和曝光光纤长度三个量，产生不同强度的弱偏振耦合点，实现弱偏耦合点强度可控。这两份专利文件中涉及的技术方案只是针对弱偏耦合点强度可控的方法提出创新，没有实现保偏光纤内偏振串扰点位置的可控，没有涉及提高偏振串扰点位置的控制精度，难以实现高密度的偏振串扰阵列，限制了其构建分布式光纤传感网络的能力。The patent document with application number 201610877457. The middle part of the polarization-maintaining fiber is twisted at an angle to achieve asymmetric refractive index modulation of the polarization-maintaining fiber, thereby producing a weak polarization coupling point with controllable intensity. The patent document with application number 201710298689.4 provides a method and device for generating intensity-controllable weak polarization coupling points in polarization-maintaining optical fiber through ultraviolet exposure. The invention adjusts the three quantities of ultraviolet exposure angle, exposure intensity and exposure fiber length. , generate weak polarization coupling points of different strengths, and achieve controllable intensity of weak polarization coupling points. The technical solutions involved in these two patent documents only propose innovations for the method of controlling the intensity of weakly biased coupling points. They do not realize the controllability of the position of the polarization crosstalk point in the polarization-maintaining fiber. They do not involve improving the control accuracy of the position of the polarization crosstalk point, which is difficult to achieve. Achieving high-density polarization crosstalk arrays limits its ability to build distributed optical fiber sensing networks.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明是为了解决现有对光纤的处理装置及方法，偏振串扰点位置不可控，难以实现高密度的偏振串扰阵列的问题，现提供基于飞秒激光器的保偏光纤内偏振串扰点制备装置及方法。The present invention is to solve the problem of existing optical fiber processing devices and methods, in which the position of polarization crosstalk points is uncontrollable and it is difficult to realize a high-density polarization crosstalk array. A device and device for preparing polarization crosstalk points in polarization-maintaining optical fibers based on femtosecond lasers are now provided. method.
基于飞秒激光器的保偏光纤内偏振串扰点制备装置，包括飞秒激光光源1、分色镜2和物镜3，所述飞秒激光光源1发射的激光101经分色镜2反射至物镜3，所述物镜3将激光101聚焦至保偏光纤4的纤芯。A device for preparing polarization crosstalk points in polarization-maintaining optical fibers based on femtosecond lasers, including a femtosecond laser light source 1, a dichroic mirror 2 and an objective lens 3. The laser 101 emitted by the femtosecond laser light source 1 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 2 to the objective lens 3 , the objective lens 3 focuses the laser 101 onto the core of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 .
进一步的，上述基于飞秒激光器的保偏光纤内偏振串扰点制备装置还包括摄像头5，所述摄像头5用于监控激光101作用于保偏光纤4时保偏光纤4的状态。Furthermore, the above femtosecond laser-based device for preparing polarization crosstalk points in polarization-maintaining fibers also includes a camera 5 , which is used to monitor the state of the polarization-maintaining fiber 4 when the laser 101 acts on the polarization-maintaining fiber 4 .
进一步的，上述基于飞秒激光器的保偏光纤内偏振串扰点制备装置还包括：三维纳米位移台6和光纤夹具7，所述光纤夹具7用于将保偏光纤4绷直并固定在三维纳米位移台6上，所述三维纳米位移台6用于带动保偏光纤4沿其轴向移动。Furthermore, the above-mentioned femtosecond laser-based polarization-maintaining optical fiber intra-polarization crosstalk point preparation device also includes: a three-dimensional nanometer displacement stage 6 and an optical fiber clamp 7. The optical fiber clamp 7 is used to straighten and fix the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 in the three-dimensional nanometer. On the displacement stage 6, the three-dimensional nanodisplacement stage 6 is used to drive the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 to move along its axial direction.
进一步的，上述保偏光纤4为熊猫型保偏光纤、领结型保偏光纤或椭圆型保偏光纤。Furthermore, the above-mentioned polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 is a panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber, a bow-tie-type polarization-maintaining fiber, or an elliptical-type polarization-maintaining fiber.
进一步的，上述飞秒激光光源1输出的激光101参数为：波长800nm，频率1KHz，脉宽100fs，单脉冲强度100nJ-500nJ。Further, the parameters of the laser 101 output by the above-mentioned femtosecond laser light source 1 are: wavelength 800nm, frequency 1KHz, pulse width 100fs, and single pulse intensity 100nJ-500nJ.
基于飞秒激光器的保偏光纤内偏振串扰点制备方法，具体为：Method for preparing polarization crosstalk points in polarization-maintaining optical fiber based on femtosecond laser, specifically:
利用飞秒激光光源1输出激光101，利用分色镜2将激光101反射至物镜3，利用物镜3将激光101聚焦至保偏光纤4的纤芯并在保偏光纤4的纤芯烧蚀出偏振串扰点。The femtosecond laser light source 1 is used to output the laser 101, the dichroic mirror 2 is used to reflect the laser 101 to the objective lens 3, and the objective lens 3 is used to focus the laser 101 to the core of the polarization-maintaining fiber 4 and ablate it at the core of the polarization-maintaining fiber 4. Polarization crosstalk point.
进一步的，利用摄像头5拍摄激光101烧蚀保偏光纤4过程中保偏光纤4的状态。Further, the camera 5 is used to capture the state of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 during the process of ablation of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 by the laser 101 .
进一步的，利用光纤夹具7将保偏光纤4绷直并固定在三维纳米位移台6上，调整三维纳米位移台6带动保偏光纤4沿其轴向移动，使得保偏光纤4形成沿其轴向排布的偏振串扰点。Further, the optical fiber clamp 7 is used to straighten the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 and fix it on the three-dimensional nano-displacement stage 6. The three-dimensional nano-displacement stage 6 is adjusted to drive the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 to move along its axial direction, so that the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 is formed along its axis. Polarization crosstalk points arranged in the direction.
进一步的，上述保偏光纤4为熊猫型保偏光纤、领结型保偏光纤或椭圆型保偏光纤。Furthermore, the above-mentioned polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 is a panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber, a bow-tie-type polarization-maintaining fiber, or an elliptical-type polarization-maintaining fiber.
进一步的，上述飞秒激光光源1输出的激光101参数为：波长800nm，频率1KHz，脉宽100fs，单脉冲强度100nJ-500nJ。Further, the parameters of the laser 101 output by the above-mentioned femtosecond laser light source 1 are: wavelength 800nm, frequency 1KHz, pulse width 100fs, and single pulse intensity 100nJ-500nJ.
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:
本发明制备的偏振串扰点能够通过调整飞秒激光的作用位置与强度，控制保偏光纤内偏振串扰点的位置以及强度。飞秒激光器写入位置精度极高，可达亚微米量级，可以实现保偏光纤内偏振串扰点的高精度写入，并利用其变化实现对温度、轴向应变实时监测，具有体积小、耐高温、可实现分布式测量等优点。本发明适用于实现高密度的偏振串扰阵列，并利用其构建分布式光纤传感网络。The polarization crosstalk points prepared by the present invention can control the position and intensity of the polarization crosstalk points in the polarization-maintaining optical fiber by adjusting the action position and intensity of the femtosecond laser. The writing position accuracy of the femtosecond laser is extremely high, reaching the sub-micron level. It can achieve high-precision writing of polarization crosstalk points in the polarization-maintaining fiber, and use its changes to realize real-time monitoring of temperature and axial strain. It has the advantages of small size, It has the advantages of high temperature resistance and distributed measurement. The invention is suitable for realizing a high-density polarization crosstalk array and using it to construct a distributed optical fiber sensing network.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是利用基于飞秒激光器的保偏光纤内偏振串扰点制备装置制备偏振串扰点的原理示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle of preparing polarization crosstalk points using a femtosecond laser-based polarization-maintaining fiber intra-polarization crosstalk point preparation device;
图2是飞秒激光聚焦在保偏光纤的纤芯位置制备偏振串扰点的原理示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of focusing a femtosecond laser at the core position of a polarization-maintaining fiber to prepare polarization crosstalk points;
图3是通过调整飞秒激光的写入角度实现保偏光纤内偏振串扰点的偏振串扰强度控制的原理示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the principle of controlling the polarization crosstalk intensity of the polarization crosstalk point in the polarization-maintaining fiber by adjusting the writing angle of the femtosecond laser;
图4是通过调整飞秒激光的写入深度实现保偏光纤内偏振串扰点位置控制的原理示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the principle of controlling the position of the polarization crosstalk point in the polarization-maintaining fiber by adjusting the writing depth of the femtosecond laser;
图5是飞秒激光聚焦在领结型保偏光纤的纤芯位置制备偏振串扰点的原理示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the principle of focusing a femtosecond laser at the core position of a bowtie-type polarization-maintaining fiber to prepare polarization crosstalk points;
图6是飞秒激光聚焦在椭圆型保偏光纤的纤芯位置制备偏振串扰点的原理示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the principle of focusing a femtosecond laser at the core position of an elliptical polarization-maintaining fiber to prepare polarization crosstalk points.
图中，401表示偏振快轴，402表示偏振慢轴。In the figure, 401 represents the fast axis of polarization, and 402 represents the slow axis of polarization.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本发明中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without any creative work fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.
具体实施方式一：参照图1至图6具体说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述的基于飞秒激光器的保偏光纤内偏振串扰点制备装置，包括：飞秒激光光源1、分色镜2、物镜3、括摄像头5、三维纳米位移台6和光纤夹具7。Specific Embodiment 1: This embodiment will be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 6. The femtosecond laser-based polarization-maintaining fiber intra-polarization crosstalk point preparation device described in this embodiment includes: femtosecond laser light source 1, dichroic mirror 2 , objective lens 3, including camera 5, three-dimensional nanodisplacement stage 6 and fiber optic clamp 7.
所述飞秒激光光源1输出的激光101参数为：波长800nm，频率1KHz，脉宽100fs，单脉冲强度100nJ-500nJ。所述飞秒激光光源1发射的激光101经分色镜2反射至物镜3，所述物镜3将激光101聚焦至保偏光纤4的纤芯。所述摄像头5用于监控激光101作用于保偏光纤4时保偏光纤4的状态。所述光纤夹具7用于将保偏光纤4绷直并固定在三维纳米位移台6上。所述三维纳米位移台6用于带动保偏光纤4沿其轴向移动。所述保偏光纤4为熊猫型保偏光纤、领结型保偏光纤或椭圆型保偏光纤。The parameters of the laser 101 output by the femtosecond laser light source 1 are: wavelength 800nm, frequency 1KHz, pulse width 100fs, and single pulse intensity 100nJ-500nJ. The laser 101 emitted by the femtosecond laser light source 1 is reflected by the dichroic mirror 2 to the objective lens 3 , and the objective lens 3 focuses the laser 101 to the core of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 . The camera 5 is used to monitor the state of the polarization-maintaining fiber 4 when the laser 101 acts on the polarization-maintaining fiber 4. The optical fiber clamp 7 is used to straighten and fix the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 on the three-dimensional nanodisplacement stage 6 . The three-dimensional nanodisplacement stage 6 is used to drive the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 to move along its axial direction. The polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 is a panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber, a bowtie-type polarization-maintaining fiber, or an elliptical-type polarization-maintaining fiber.
本实施方式的原理如下：The principle of this implementation is as follows:
如图1和2所示，飞秒激光101从飞秒激光光源1发出，通过高数值孔径的物镜3聚焦于保偏光纤4的纤芯，在纤芯中形成等离子体，等离子体的组合和能量耗散过程导致了纤芯永久的折射率调制。在不同能量作用下，能够在纤芯中产生不同类型的折射率调制，当飞秒激光101能量较小时，纤芯内各向同性折射率增加，随着能量增加，纤芯中产生各向异性的折射率变化，调整飞秒激光101输出能量可产生不同强度的偏振串扰点，实现保偏光纤中偏振串扰点强度可控。当能量继续增强时将直接在纤芯中产生空隙，形成微孔或微通道。还能够通过调整飞秒激光写入保偏光纤4的角度等来实现对保偏光纤的各向异性折射率调制，从而产生位置、强度可控的偏振串扰点。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the femtosecond laser 101 is emitted from the femtosecond laser light source 1 and is focused on the core of the polarization-maintaining fiber 4 through the high numerical aperture objective lens 3, forming plasma in the core. The combination of plasma and The energy dissipation process results in a permanent refractive index modulation of the fiber core. Under the action of different energies, different types of refractive index modulation can be produced in the fiber core. When the femtosecond laser 101 energy is small, the isotropic refractive index in the fiber core increases. As the energy increases, anisotropy occurs in the fiber core. The refractive index changes, and adjusting the output energy of the femtosecond laser 101 can produce polarization crosstalk points of different strengths, achieving controllable intensity of polarization crosstalk points in polarization-maintaining optical fibers. When the energy continues to increase, gaps will be created directly in the fiber core to form micropores or microchannels. Anisotropic refractive index modulation of the polarization-maintaining fiber can also be achieved by adjusting the angle at which the femtosecond laser is written into the polarization-maintaining fiber 4, thereby generating polarization crosstalk points with controllable position and intensity.
本实施方式能够提高偏振串扰点位置的控制精度，精度可达到亚微米量级，实现高密度的偏振串扰阵列，并利用其构建分布式光纤传感网络，实现对温度、轴向应变的实时监测，具有体积小、耐高温、可实现分布式测量等优点。This implementation method can improve the control accuracy of the polarization crosstalk point position, and the accuracy can reach sub-micron level, realize a high-density polarization crosstalk array, and use it to construct a distributed optical fiber sensing network to achieve real-time monitoring of temperature and axial strain. , has the advantages of small size, high temperature resistance, and can realize distributed measurement.
具体实施方式二：参照图1至图6具体说明本实施方式，本实施方式所述的基于飞秒激光器的保偏光纤内偏振串扰点制备方法，具体为：Specific Embodiment 2: This embodiment will be described in detail with reference to Figures 1 to 6. The method for preparing polarization crosstalk points in polarization-maintaining optical fibers based on femtosecond lasers described in this embodiment is specifically:
利用光纤夹具7将保偏光纤4绷直并固定在三维纳米位移台6上。利用飞秒激光光源1输出激光101，利用分色镜2将激光101反射至物镜3，利用物镜3将激光101聚焦至保偏光纤4并在保偏光纤4的纤芯烧蚀出偏振串扰点。调整三维纳米位移台6带动保偏光纤4沿其轴向移动，使得保偏光纤4形成沿其轴向排布的偏振串扰点。同时，利用摄像头5拍摄激光101烧蚀保偏光纤4过程中保偏光纤4的状态。The polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 is straightened and fixed on the three-dimensional nanodisplacement stage 6 using the optical fiber clamp 7 . Use femtosecond laser source 1 to output laser 101, use dichroic mirror 2 to reflect laser 101 to objective lens 3, use objective lens 3 to focus laser 101 onto polarization-maintaining fiber 4, and ablate polarization crosstalk points in the core of polarization-maintaining fiber 4. . The three-dimensional nanodisplacement stage 6 is adjusted to drive the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 to move along its axial direction, so that the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 forms polarization crosstalk points arranged along its axial direction. At the same time, the camera 5 is used to capture the state of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 during the ablation process of the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 by the laser 101.
本实施方式中，所述保偏光纤4为熊猫型保偏光纤、领结型保偏光纤或椭圆型保偏光纤。所述飞秒激光光源1输出的激光101参数为：波长800nm，频率1KHz，脉宽100fs，单脉冲强度100nJ-500nJ。In this embodiment, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber 4 is a panda-type polarization-maintaining fiber, a bowtie-type polarization-maintaining fiber, or an elliptical-type polarization-maintaining fiber. The parameters of the laser 101 output by the femtosecond laser light source 1 are: wavelength 800nm, frequency 1KHz, pulse width 100fs, and single pulse intensity 100nJ-500nJ.
本实施方式的原理如下：The principle of this implementation is as follows:
如图1和2所示，飞秒激光101从飞秒激光光源1发出，通过高数值孔径的物镜3聚焦于保偏光纤4的纤芯，在纤芯中形成等离子体，等离子体的组合和能量耗散过程导致了纤芯永久的折射率调制。在不同能量作用下，能够在纤芯中产生不同类型的折射率调制，当飞秒激光101能量较小时，纤芯内各向同性折射率增加，随着能量增加，纤芯中产生各向异性的折射率变化，调整飞秒激光101输出能量可产生不同强度的偏振串扰点，实现保偏光纤中偏振串扰点强度可控。当能量继续增强时将直接在纤芯中产生空隙，形成微孔或微通道。还能够通过调整飞秒激光写入保偏光纤4的角度等来实现对保偏光纤的各向异性折射率调制，从而产生位置、强度可控的偏振串扰点。As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the femtosecond laser 101 is emitted from the femtosecond laser light source 1 and is focused on the core of the polarization-maintaining fiber 4 through the high numerical aperture objective lens 3, forming plasma in the core. The combination of plasma and The energy dissipation process results in a permanent refractive index modulation of the fiber core. Under the action of different energies, different types of refractive index modulation can be produced in the fiber core. When the femtosecond laser 101 energy is small, the isotropic refractive index in the fiber core increases. As the energy increases, anisotropy occurs in the fiber core. The refractive index changes, and adjusting the output energy of the femtosecond laser 101 can produce polarization crosstalk points of different strengths, achieving controllable intensity of polarization crosstalk points in polarization-maintaining optical fibers. When the energy continues to increase, gaps will be created directly in the fiber core to form micropores or microchannels. Anisotropic refractive index modulation of the polarization-maintaining fiber can also be achieved by adjusting the angle at which the femtosecond laser is written into the polarization-maintaining fiber 4, thereby generating polarization crosstalk points with controllable position and intensity.
本实施方式能够提高偏振串扰点位置的控制精度，精度可达到亚微米量级，实现高密度的偏振串扰阵列，并利用其构建分布式光纤传感网络，实现对温度、轴向应变的实时监测，具有体积小、耐高温、可实现分布式测量等优点。This implementation method can improve the control accuracy of the polarization crosstalk point position, and the accuracy can reach sub-micron level, realize a high-density polarization crosstalk array, and use it to construct a distributed optical fiber sensing network to achieve real-time monitoring of temperature and axial strain. , has the advantages of small size, high temperature resistance, and can realize distributed measurement.
虽然在本文中参照了特定的实施方式来描述本发明，但是应该理解的是，这些实施例仅仅是本发明的原理和应用的示例。因此应该理解的是，可以对示例性的实施例进行许多修改，并且可以设计出其他的布置，只要不偏离所附权利要求所限定的本发明的精神和范围。应该理解的是，可以通过不同于原始权利要求所描述的方式来结合不同的从属权利要求和本文中所述的特征。还可以理解的是，结合单独实施例所描述的特征可以使用在其它所述实施例中。Although the present invention is described herein with reference to specific embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely exemplary of the principles and applications of the invention. It is therefore to be understood that many modifications may be made to the exemplary embodiments and other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. It is to be understood that the features described in the different dependent claims may be combined in a different manner than that described in the original claims. It will also be understood that features described in connection with individual embodiments can be used in other described embodiments.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311455658.7ACN117516603A (en) | 2023-11-03 | 2023-11-03 | Polarization crosstalk point preparation device and method in polarization-preserving optical fiber based on femtosecond laser |
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| CN202311455658.7ACN117516603A (en) | 2023-11-03 | 2023-11-03 | Polarization crosstalk point preparation device and method in polarization-preserving optical fiber based on femtosecond laser |
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