技术领域Technical field
本发明属于电力系统技术领域，涉及一种微网调度方法，尤其是一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of power systems and relates to a microgrid dispatching method, in particular to a microgrid dispatching method based on double-layer planning theory.
背景技术Background technique
在双碳目标的引导下，我国的能源转型不断深入，新能源装机容量大幅增加，然而，随机性和波动性较强的新能源发电占比升高在并网和消纳等方面也带来了一些困难。在传统的电力系统中，若负荷发生急剧变化，则会导致电源侧出力不足或威胁配网侧运行安全，并且随着双碳目标的建设背景下电力系统中的新能源比重正在逐步提升。因此，在新型电力系统的建设中有必要优化源网荷储多元主体的协同运行方式，平抑新能源发电因波动性、不确定性和间歇性而产生的偏差，从而保证电力系统安全稳定地运行。Under the guidance of the dual carbon goals, my country's energy transformation continues to deepen, and the installed capacity of new energy has increased significantly. However, the increase in the proportion of new energy power generation with strong randomness and volatility has also brought about problems in terms of grid connection and consumption. encountered some difficulties. In the traditional power system, if the load changes drastically, it will lead to insufficient output on the power supply side or threaten the operation safety of the distribution network side. With the construction of dual carbon goals, the proportion of new energy in the power system is gradually increasing. Therefore, in the construction of new power systems, it is necessary to optimize the coordinated operation mode of multiple entities of source, grid, load and storage, and to stabilize the deviations caused by the volatility, uncertainty and intermittency of new energy power generation, so as to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system. .
源网荷储多元主体协同运营主要指电源、电网、负荷和储能这四种资源通过共享信息等交互手段，高效且安全地相互调整从而确保电力系统的功率平衡情况，以此实现电源资源充分利用和电网安全运行的目的。其具体来说可表现为在电源侧将可再生能源和火电等可控发电机组组合发电；在电网侧通过对储能等各种设施的灵活应用提高电网韧性；在负荷侧通过电价机制以及需求响应等手段实现调控；在储能侧充分利用储能的源荷双重属性实现电能和功率的转移，平抑出力和负荷的随机性和不确定性。目前，在源网荷储多主体协同运营方面存在多个研究方向，如常规电源与新能源发电的电源协同研究、发电与负荷间的功率平衡调度研究以及考虑电压稳定等安全问题的源网协调调度研究等。The collaborative operation of multiple entities of source, grid, load and storage mainly refers to the efficient and safe mutual adjustment of the four resources of power supply, grid, load and energy storage through shared information and other interactive means to ensure the power balance of the power system, thereby achieving sufficient power resources. utilization and safe operation of the power grid. Specifically, it can be represented by combining renewable energy and thermal power and other controllable generating units to generate electricity on the power supply side; improving grid resilience through the flexible application of various facilities such as energy storage on the grid side; and using the electricity price mechanism and demand on the load side. Response and other means are used to achieve regulation; on the energy storage side, the source-charge dual attributes of energy storage are fully utilized to realize the transfer of electric energy and power, and to stabilize the randomness and uncertainty of output and load. At present, there are many research directions in the collaborative operation of multi-agent sources, grids, loads and storages, such as research on power supply collaboration between conventional power sources and new energy power generation, research on power balance dispatching between power generation and loads, and source-grid coordination considering safety issues such as voltage stability. Scheduling research, etc.
微网可以有效解决分散复杂的新能源发电并网问题，通过微网内自足、微网间互补的方法充分考虑源网荷储多元主体协调互动建立调度模型充分利用多种资源。微网作为促进可再生能源消纳的有效方法之一，可改善弃风弃光情况并缓解能源危机。Microgrids can effectively solve the problem of decentralized and complex new energy power generation and grid connection. Through the method of self-sufficiency within microgrids and complementarity between microgrids, it fully considers the coordination and interaction of multiple entities of source, grid, load and storage to establish a dispatch model to fully utilize multiple resources. As one of the effective methods to promote the consumption of renewable energy, microgrid can improve wind and light abandonment and alleviate the energy crisis.
然而，在源网荷储一体化的过程中仍存在着一定的问题。However, there are still certain problems in the integration of source, network, load and storage.
首先，目前的源网荷储一体化试点项目主要以小型园区为主，没有明确的地理边界和电网分界点，通过采用需求侧管理的方式推进源荷互动调节的难度较大；此外，由于分布式电源及配置储能的规模小、稳定性差，因此其无法独立参与电力市场，电力资源的利用率仍有待提高。First of all, the current source-grid-load-storage integration pilot projects are mainly small-scale parks with no clear geographical boundaries and grid demarcation points. It is difficult to promote source-load interactive adjustment through demand-side management. In addition, due to the distribution Due to the small scale and poor stability of conventional power supplies and energy storage, they cannot independently participate in the power market, and the utilization rate of power resources still needs to be improved.
其次，传统粒子群算法在求解时易陷入局部最优解中，不利于解决多目标的全局优化问题；然后，现阶段的微网主要采用“自发自用；余量上网”的模式，不仅会对电网运行安全造成冲击，还会增加电力交易的复杂性；Secondly, the traditional particle swarm algorithm is easy to fall into the local optimal solution when solving, which is not conducive to solving multi-objective global optimization problems; then, the microgrid at the current stage mainly adopts the mode of "spontaneous self-use; margin for online use", which not only affects the The impact on power grid operation security will also increase the complexity of power transactions;
最后，各微网参与主体时互为竞争对手，其与配电网交换电量成本较高，并且微电网并网对电网安全稳定运行亦会产生影响。Finally, each microgrid participant is a competitor to each other, and the cost of exchanging power with the distribution network is relatively high, and the integration of microgrids into the grid will also have an impact on the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
经检索，未发现与本发明相同或相似的现有技术的文献。After searching, no prior art documents that were identical or similar to the present invention were found.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足，提出一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法，能够提高源网荷储各主体的资源利用率，且在促进区域内的新能源消纳水平的同时保障供需平衡。The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology and propose a microgrid dispatching method based on the dual-layer planning theory, which can improve the resource utilization rate of each main body of the source, grid, load and storage, and promote the level of new energy consumption in the region. while ensuring a balance between supply and demand.
本发明解决其现实问题是采取以下技术方案实现的：The present invention solves its practical problems by adopting the following technical solutions:
一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法，包括以下步骤：A microgrid scheduling method based on double-layer planning theory, including the following steps:
步骤1、基于微网系统的各组成单元，对分布式电源、储能系统和可调负荷的特性进行分析并建模量化，采集各微网系统运行中的数据信息并确定微网内源网荷储各主体之间的调度策略；Step 1. Based on each component unit of the microgrid system, analyze, model and quantify the characteristics of distributed power sources, energy storage systems and adjustable loads, collect data information during the operation of each microgrid system and determine the internal source network of the microgrid. Scheduling strategies among various load storage entities;
步骤2、根据步骤1中子微网内源网荷储的各主体之间的调度策略，再以区域功率平衡为目标，建立子微网内源网荷储协同调度模型。Step 2: Based on the scheduling strategy between the various subjects of the internal source network load storage in the sub-microgrid in step 1, and then aiming at regional power balance, establish a collaborative scheduling model for the internal source network load storage in the sub-microgrid.
步骤3、以微网稳定运行及多微网优化调度为目标，以微网系统综合功率平衡条件为约束，建立多微网优化调度模型，并对其进行求解，进而对多微网进行优化调度。Step 3. With the goal of stable microgrid operation and optimal scheduling of multiple microgrids, and taking the comprehensive power balance conditions of the microgrid system as constraints, establish a multi-microgrid optimal scheduling model and solve it, and then optimize the scheduling of multiple microgrids. .
而且，所述步骤1的微网系统的组成单元包括：Moreover, the constituent units of the microgrid system in step 1 include:
①燃气机组单元①Gas unit
火力发电能够根据需求进行向上或向下功率调节：Thermal power generation can be adjusted up or down based on demand:
Pi+＝min(Pimax-Pit) (1)Pi+ =min(Pimax -Pit ) (1)
Pi-＝min(Pit-Pimin) (2)Pi- =min(Pit -Pimin ) (2)
其中，Pi+和Pi-分别表示燃气机组i在某时刻t可实现的最大和最小功率调节能力；Pit代表t时刻燃气机组的输出功率；Pimax和Pimin分别代表燃气机组最大和最小的输出功率。Among them, Pi+ and Pi- respectively represent the maximum and minimum power adjustment capabilities of the gas unit i at a certain time t; Pit represents the output power of the gas unit at time t; Pimax and Pimin respectively represent the gas The maximum and minimum output power of the unit.
②光伏发电单元②Photovoltaic power generation unit
期望值如式所示：The expected value is as follows:
式中，Γ表示Gamma函数，Ps为光伏发电功率，Ps max为光伏发电功率最大值，α和β为函数分布参数，可采用光照函数的均值，f(Ps)表示光伏发电功率的概率密度，E(Ps)表示光伏发电的功率期望值。In the formula, Γ represents the Gamma function, Ps is the photovoltaic power generation power, Ps max is the maximum value of the photovoltaic power generation power, α and β are function distribution parameters, the mean value of the illumination function can be used, and f (Ps ) represents the photovoltaic power generation power. The probability density, E(Ps ), represents the expected power value of photovoltaic power generation.
③风力发电单元③Wind power generation unit
风力发电功率期望值如下式所示：The expected value of wind power power is as follows:
式中,v为风速,ωw为分布参数,vt为t时刻的风速,vr为切入风速,ve为额定风速,vo为切出风速,Pe为额定功率，Pw为风力发电输出功率；In the formula, v is the wind speed, ωw is the distribution parameter, vt is the wind speed at time t, vr is the cut-in wind speed, ve is the rated wind speed, v o is the cut- out wind speed, Pe is the rated power, and Pw is the wind force. Generating output power;
④储能单元④Energy storage unit
荷电状态表明储能设备的运行状态：The state of charge indicates the operating status of the energy storage device:
式中，SOC(t)和SOC(t-1)分别为储能单元t时刻和t-1时刻的荷电状态，δ为损耗率，E(t)为ES的充(放)电电量，Pch(t)和Pdis(t)为ES的充、放电功率，ηch和ηdis为ES的充、放电效率；In the formula, SOC(t) and SOC(t-1) are the state of charge of the energy storage unit at time t and time t-1 respectively, δ is the loss rate, E(t) is the charge (discharge) capacity of the ES, Pch (t) and Pdis (t) are the charge and discharge power of ES, ηch and etadis are the charge and discharge efficiency of ES;
⑤负荷单元⑤Load unit
其中，Pi-表示t时刻可转移的负荷功率，η为负荷转移系数，和/>分别代表t时刻时微网中刚性负荷和柔性负荷的功率；Among them,Pi- represents the load power that can be transferred at time t, eta is the load transfer coefficient, and/> Represent the power of rigid load and flexible load in the microgrid at time t respectively;
而且，所述步骤1的采集各微网系统运行中的数据信息并确定微网内源网荷储各主体之间的调度策略的具体步骤包括：Moreover, the specific steps of step 1 to collect the data information in the operation of each microgrid system and determine the scheduling strategy between the main sources of the microgrid load storage include:
①首先，采集微网系统内各单元运行的基本参数；① First, collect the basic parameters of the operation of each unit in the microgrid system;
②其次，优先调用“源”侧资源，即优先调用新能源发电满足负荷曲线，在新能源充分消纳后再调用可控电源；②Secondly, give priority to the "source" side resources, that is, give priority to new energy generation to meet the load curve, and then call controllable power after the new energy is fully consumed;
③然后，再调用“储”侧资源，微网中的储能系统在新能源多发时消纳多余电量，并在负荷高峰期时放电以平衡微网内的功率；③ Then, the "storage" side resources are called. The energy storage system in the microgrid consumes excess power when new energy is generated, and discharges it during peak load periods to balance the power in the microgrid;
④最后，调用“网”侧资源，当微网内部整体缺电时，从余量微网中购入电能，反之则向缺电电网售出电能。④Finally, the "grid" side resources are called. When the entire microgrid is short of power, electric energy is purchased from the remaining microgrid, and vice versa, electric energy is sold to the power-deficient power grid.
而且，所述步骤2的具体步骤包括：Moreover, the specific steps of step 2 include:
(1)确定目标函数(1) Determine the objective function
微网作为运营主体在参与市场时将以运营成本最低及区域功率平衡为目标：As an operating entity, microgrids will target the lowest operating costs and regional power balance when participating in the market:
其中，C为微网的运营成本，R为微网的交易收益，Cl表示微网内单元的单位发电成本，L包括风电、光伏、燃气机组以及储能等，Pl为微网内单元的输出功率，P微网的交易电价，Ll表示微网内的负荷需求功率。Among them, C is the operating cost of the microgrid, R is the transaction income of the microgrid, Cl represents the unit power generation cost of the unit in the microgrid, L includes wind power, photovoltaic, gas unit and energy storage, etc., Pl is the unit in the microgrid The output power of P, the transaction price of microgrid, Ll represents the load demand power in the microgrid.
(2)建立约束条件(2) Establish constraints
对于单微网运营时，在源网荷储各主体运行的条件约束下满足子微网内的功率平衡及安全约束；For the operation of a single microgrid, the power balance and safety constraints within the sub-microgrid are satisfied under the constraints of the operation conditions of each main body of the source network load storage;
1)负荷约束1)Load constraints
Pl≥Ll (11)Pl ≥Ll (11)
2)各发电单元的功率上下限约束：2) The upper and lower power limits of each power generation unit are:
Pl,min≤Pl≤Pl,max (12)Pl,min ≤Pl ≤Pl,max (12)
式中，Pl为微网内发电的总输出功率，Ll为微网内负荷的总功率，Pl,min和Pl,max分别为微网内各发电设备的最小输出功率和最大输出功率，设备l包括风电机组、光伏机组和燃气机组；In the formula, Pl is the total output power of power generation in the microgrid, Ll is the total power of the load in the microgrid, Pl,min and Pl,max are the minimum output power and maximum output of each power generation equipment in the microgrid, respectively. Power, equipment l includes wind turbine units, photovoltaic units and gas units;
3)储能设备的充放电约束3) Charge and discharge constraints of energy storage equipment
式中，SOC0和SOCt分别代表储能设备在调度周期初始阶段和最后阶段的荷电状态，SOCi表示微网内储能设备i的荷电状态，SOCmin和SOCmax分别代表储能设备i的最小电荷量和最大电荷量，P(t)为储能设施运行时的功率，E为储能设备i的额定容量，α为单位时间内充放电容量限额百分比。In the formula, SOC0 and SOCt represent the state of charge of the energy storage device in the initial and final stages of the dispatch cycle respectively, SOCi represents the state of charge of the energy storage device i in the microgrid, and SOCmin and SOCmax represent the energy storage device respectively. The minimum charge amount and maximum charge amount of device i, P(t) is the power of the energy storage facility when it is running, E is the rated capacity of the energy storage device i, and α is the percentage of the charge and discharge capacity limit per unit time.
4)燃气机组的爬坡约束4) Climbing constraints of gas unit
Pd≤Pa,t-Pa,t-1≤Pu (14)Pd ≤Pa,t -Pa,t-1 ≤Pu (14)
式中，Pd和Pu分别为燃气机组的爬坡上下限，Pa,t和Pa,t-1分别为燃气机组在t时刻和t-1时刻的输出功率。In the formula, Pd and Pu are the upper and lower climbing limits of the gas unit respectively, and Pa,t and Pa,t-1 are the output power of the gas unit at time t and time t-1 respectively.
而且，所述步骤3的具体步骤包括：Moreover, the specific steps of step 3 include:
(1)确定目标函数(1) Determine the objective function
以多微网的综合成本最低和收益最大化为目标：Aiming at minimizing overall costs and maximizing benefits of multiple microgrids:
式中，Cm为多微网一天的运行成本，t为一天内的不同时间段，j为子微网编号，n为子微网的数量，Cg为微网与电网之间的协调成本，C为子微网内各主体的运行成本。In the formula, Cm is the operating cost of multiple microgrids for one day, t is the different time periods within a day, j is the sub-microgrid number, n is the number of sub-microgrids, and Cg is the coordination cost between the microgrid and the power grid. , C is the operating cost of each entity in the sub-microgrid.
(2)明确约束条件(2)Clear constraints
多微网间的约束条件以功率传输的限制为主：The constraints between multiple microgrids are mainly power transmission limitations:
1)多微网与电网之间输送功率约束：1) Transmission power constraints between multiple microgrids and the power grid:
Pm,min＜Pm＜Pm,max (16)Pm,min ＜Pm ＜Pm,max (16)
式中，Pm为电网联络线的实际功率，Pm,min和Pm,max分别为微网与电网之间传输功率的最小值和最大值。In the formula, Pm is the actual power of the grid tie line, Pm,min and Pm,max are the minimum and maximum values of the transmission power between the microgrid and the grid respectively.
2)微网间功率传输约束2) Power transmission constraints between microgrids
式中，Pij为微网i与微网j之间的交互功率，Pij,min和Pij,max分别为最小交互功率和最大交互功率，Pij,t和Pij,t-1分别为t时刻和t-1时刻的交互爬坡功率，ΔPij,min和ΔPij,max分别为微网间交互爬坡功率的最小值和最大值。In the formula, Pij is the interactive power between microgrid i and microgrid j, Pij,min and Pij,max are the minimum interactive power and maximum interactive power respectively, Pij,t and Pij,t-1 respectively are the interactive ramping power at time t and t-1, ΔPij,min and ΔPij,max are the minimum and maximum values of the interactive ramping power between microgrids respectively.
3)多微网功率平衡约束3) Multi-microgrid power balance constraints
式中，Pie、Pic和Pin分别表示缺量微网i的缺额功率、输出功率和负荷需求，Pjc、Pjp和Pjn为余量微网j的输出功率、余量功率和负荷需求。In the formula, Pie ,Pic andPin respectively represent the deficit power, output power and load demand of the deficit microgrid i, and Pjc , Pjp and Pjn are the output power, margin power and sum of the margin microgrid j. load demand.
(3)对多微网进行优化调度(3) Optimize scheduling of multiple microgrids
①对双层规划条件进行求解，得到子微网内部的源荷储主体的供需情况及微网交互功率，同时明确微网内源网荷储各主体的运行情况，当微网内缺量时，首先调节燃气机组的出力功率，其次利用储能储存的余量满足负荷需求，最终通过微网内的交互进一步缓解供需关系，实现减小配电网的功率波动；① Solve the double-layer planning conditions to obtain the supply and demand situation of the source load storage entities within the sub-microgrid and the microgrid interactive power. At the same time, the operation status of each source network load storage entity within the microgrid is clarified. When there is a shortage of power in the microgrid , first adjust the output power of the gas unit, secondly use the surplus of energy storage to meet the load demand, and finally further ease the supply and demand relationship through interaction within the microgrid to reduce the power fluctuation of the distribution network;
②根据求解结果中的微网交互功率数据，多微网调度决策中心将多微网群分为3种类型：②According to the microgrid interactive power data in the solution results, the multi-microgrid scheduling decision center divides multi-microgrid groups into 3 types:
第一种为各微网均有余量，此时，微网群的出力功率大于负荷需求，因此余量首先将微网内储能设施充电至容量上限，若仍有余量则选择售给其他微网的储能设施，最终仍存有余量则选择按市场电价售给配电网侧；The first is that each microgrid has a margin. At this time, the output power of the microgrid group is greater than the load demand. Therefore, the margin first charges the energy storage facilities in the microgrid to the upper capacity limit. If there is still margin, it is sold to If the energy storage facilities of other microgrids still have surplus in the end, they will be sold to the distribution network side at the market price;
第二种为部分微网缺量，此时，未满足负荷需求的子微网先在微网间购电，由余量微网向缺量微网传输电力，若满足负荷则多余余量按市场电价售给配电网侧，反之则向配电网按市场电价购电；The second type is a partial microgrid shortage. At this time, the sub-microgrid that does not meet the load demand first purchases electricity between microgrids, and the surplus microgrid transmits power to the deficit microgrid. If the load is met, the excess surplus is The market price of electricity is sold to the distribution network side, and vice versa, electricity is purchased from the distribution network at market price;
第三种为各微网均缺量，此时，微网群先利用可调电源及储能等资源互动保证部分微网功率平衡，其次再向配网侧购电，费用按照需求分摊。The third type is that all microgrids are short of power. At this time, the microgrid group first uses resources such as adjustable power supply and energy storage to interact to ensure the power balance of some microgrids, and then purchases power from the distribution network side, and the cost is shared according to demand.
本发明的优点和有益效果：Advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention:
1.本发明提出一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法，通过划分微网系统调度区域明确源网荷储一体化的地理概念，有助于明确各主体的调度策略和交易策略；同时，微网群调度系统可充分利用区域内各主体的资源实现功率平衡，减少了微网与上级配电网的功率交互频率，有助于保障电网安全稳定运行。1. The present invention proposes a microgrid dispatching method based on dual-layer planning theory. By dividing the microgrid system scheduling area, the geographical concept of source, grid, load and storage integration is clarified, which helps to clarify the dispatching strategy and transaction strategy of each subject; at the same time , the microgrid group dispatching system can make full use of the resources of each subject in the region to achieve power balance, reduce the frequency of power interaction between the microgrid and the upper-level distribution network, and help ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid.
2、本发明提出一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法，考虑源网荷储各主体的运行约束建立微网调度模型进行优化调度，碾平负荷曲线，保证各主体安全运行，同时实现微网的孤岛运行，能够提高电网的稳定性。2. The present invention proposes a microgrid scheduling method based on dual-layer planning theory. Taking into account the operating constraints of each main body of the source network load and storage, a microgrid scheduling model is established to optimize scheduling, flatten the load curve, ensure the safe operation of each main body, and simultaneously achieve The island operation of microgrid can improve the stability of the power grid.
3、本发明提出一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法，采用双层规划理论对微网划分管理层级，下层微网通过区域内调度实现供需平衡，并将调度数据及结果反馈给上层调度中心，引导调度中心对微电网群再进行优化调度，通过促进多微网间的合作避免竞争降低成本，并减小微网并网后对电网安全运行产生的影响。3. The present invention proposes a microgrid scheduling method based on the dual-layer planning theory. The dual-layer planning theory is used to divide the microgrid into management levels. The lower microgrid achieves supply and demand balance through intra-regional scheduling and feeds back the scheduling data and results to the upper layer. The dispatch center guides the dispatch center to optimize the dispatch of the microgrid group, avoid competition and reduce costs by promoting cooperation among multiple microgrids, and reduce the impact on the safe operation of the power grid after the microgrid is connected to the grid.
4、本发明提出一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法，通过建立微网双层协调调度模型，促进微网内的优化调度以及微网之间的协调调度，从而减少微网与电网的交换，促进电能就近交易，可促进源网荷储多主体的友好互动，在保证电网安全稳定的同时提高能源的梯次利用效率。4. The present invention proposes a microgrid dispatching method based on dual-layer planning theory. By establishing a microgrid dual-layer coordinated dispatching model, it promotes optimal dispatching within the microgrid and coordinated dispatching between microgrids, thereby reducing the number of problems between the microgrid and the power grid. The exchange promotes nearby transactions of electric energy, which can promote the friendly interaction between multiple entities of source, grid, load and storage, and improve the efficiency of energy utilization while ensuring the security and stability of the power grid.
5、本发明提出一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法，采用多目标粒子群算法对双层微网调度目标函数进行求解，改善了传统粒子群算法在解决多目标问题中的不足，有助于优化算法在求解问题时确定最优目标解。同时多目标粒子群算法根据帕累托最优找出粒子集合，最终再进行精确检验，可简化求解过程。5. The present invention proposes a microgrid scheduling method based on dual-layer planning theory, using multi-objective particle swarm algorithm to solve the dual-layer microgrid scheduling objective function, which improves the shortcomings of traditional particle swarm algorithm in solving multi-objective problems. Helps optimization algorithms determine the optimal target solution when solving problems. At the same time, the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm finds the particle set based on Pareto optimality, and finally conducts accurate testing, which can simplify the solution process.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的微网调度系统中源网荷储互动示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of source network load storage interaction in the microgrid dispatching system of the present invention;
图2为本发明的双层微网协同调度方法示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the double-layer microgrid collaborative scheduling method of the present invention;
图3为本发明的具体实施方式中某天微网1内各单元预测信息图；Figure 3 is a diagram showing the prediction information of each unit in the microgrid 1 on a certain day in the specific implementation of the present invention;
图4为本发明的具体实施方式中某天微网2内各单元预测信息图；Figure 4 is a diagram of prediction information of each unit in the microgrid 2 on a certain day in the specific implementation of the present invention;
图5为本发明的具体实施方式中某天微网3内各单元预测信息图；Figure 5 is a diagram showing the prediction information of each unit in the micronet 3 on a certain day in the specific implementation of the present invention;
图6为本发明的具体实施方式中微网1双层调度优化结果图；Figure 6 is a diagram showing the dual-layer scheduling optimization results of microgrid 1 in the specific implementation of the present invention;
图7为本发明的具体实施方式中微网2双层调度优化结果图；Figure 7 is a diagram showing the dual-layer scheduling optimization results of microgrid 2 in the specific implementation of the present invention;
图8为本发明的具体实施方式中微网3双层调度优化结果图。Figure 8 is a diagram showing the results of the dual-layer scheduling optimization of microgrid 3 in the specific implementation of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下对本发明实施例作进一步详述：The embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below:
一种基于双层规划理论的微网调度方法，包括以下步骤：A microgrid scheduling method based on double-layer planning theory, including the following steps:
步骤1、基于微网系统的各组成单元，对分布式电源、储能系统和可调负荷的特性进行分析并建模量化，采集各微网系统运行中的数据信息并确定子微网内源网荷储各主体之间的调度策略；Step 1. Based on each component unit of the microgrid system, analyze and model and quantify the characteristics of distributed power sources, energy storage systems and adjustable loads, collect data information during the operation of each microgrid system and determine the internal sources of the sub-microgrid. Scheduling strategies among various entities of network load storage;
所述步骤1的微网系统的组成单元包括：The components of the microgrid system in step 1 include:
①燃气机组单元①Gas unit
现阶段，火力发电仍为我国电力系统中重要的发电资源，其可根据需求进行向上或向下功率调节：At this stage, thermal power generation is still an important power generation resource in my country's power system, and its power can be adjusted upward or downward according to demand:
Pi+＝min(Pimax-Pit) (1)Pi+ =min(Pimax -Pit ) (1)
Pi-＝min(Pit-Pimin) (2)Pi- =min(Pit -Pimin ) (2)
其中，Pi+和Pi-分别表示燃气机组i在某时刻t可实现的最大和最小功率调节能力；Pit代表t时刻燃气机组的输出功率；Pimax和Pimin分别代表燃气机组最大和最小的输出功率。Among them, Pi+andPi -respectively represent the maximum and minimum power adjustment capabilities of the gas unit i at a certain time t; Pitrepresents the output power of the gas unit at time t;Pimax andPimin represent the gas respectively. The maximum and minimum output power of the unit.
②光伏发电单元②Photovoltaic power generation unit
光伏发电功率由光照强度决定，且光照强度服从Beta分布，充分消纳光伏发电可保证电力系统的供应能力，其期望值如式所示。Photovoltaic power generation is determined by light intensity, and light intensity obeys Beta distribution. Fully absorbing photovoltaic power generation can ensure the supply capacity of the power system, and its expected value is as shown in the formula.
式中，Γ表示Gamma函数，Ps为光伏发电功率，Ps max为光伏发电功率最大值，α和β为函数分布参数，可采用光照函数的均值，f(Ps)表示光伏发电功率的概率密度，E(Ps)表示光伏发电的功率期望值。In the formula, Γ represents the Gamma function, Ps is the photovoltaic power generation power, Ps max is the maximum value of the photovoltaic power generation power, α and β are function distribution parameters, the mean value of the illumination function can be used, and f (Ps ) represents the photovoltaic power generation power. The probability density, E(Ps ), represents the expected power value of photovoltaic power generation.
③风力发电单元③Wind power generation unit
风速直接影响风力发电功率，而风速服从Rayleigh分布，充分利用风力发电可保证电力系统的灵活性。风力发电功率期望值如下式所示。Wind speed directly affects wind power, and wind speed obeys Rayleigh distribution. Making full use of wind power can ensure the flexibility of the power system. The expected value of wind power generation is shown in the following formula.
式中,v为风速,ωw为分布参数,vt为t时刻的风速,vr为切入风速,ve为额定风速,vo为切出风速,Pe为额定功率，Pw为风力发电输出功率。In the formula, v is the wind speed, ωw is the distribution parameter, vt is the wind speed at time t, vr is the cut-in wind speed, ve is the rated wind speed, v o is the cut- out wind speed, Pe is the rated power, and Pw is the wind force. Generating output power.
④储能单元④Energy storage unit
储能单元是微网中的关键部分，其电源和负荷双重属性能够平抑新能源出力的不确定性，提高能源利用率，其荷电状态可表明储能设备的运行状态。The energy storage unit is a key part of the microgrid. Its dual attributes of power supply and load can smooth the uncertainty of new energy output and improve energy utilization. Its state of charge can indicate the operating status of the energy storage equipment.
式中，SOC(t)和SOC(t-1)分别为储能单元t时刻和t-1时刻的荷电状态，δ为损耗率，E(t)为ES的充(放)电电量，Pch(t)和Pdis(t)为ES的充、放电功率，ηch和ηdis为ES的充、放电效率。In the formula, SOC(t) and SOC(t-1) are the state of charge of the energy storage unit at time t and time t-1 respectively, δ is the loss rate, E(t) is the charge (discharge) capacity of the ES, Pch (t) and Pdis (t) are the charging and discharging power of the ES, and etach and etadis are the charging and discharging efficiency of the ES.
⑤负荷单元⑤Load unit
在微网系统中，负荷可分为柔性负荷和刚性负荷，其中部分能够因补贴、分时电价等政策引导而在时间上发生转移的负荷称为柔性负荷，其有助于改善峰谷曲线，提高电网运行的稳定性。In the microgrid system, loads can be divided into flexible loads and rigid loads. Some of the loads that can be transferred in time due to policies such as subsidies and time-of-use electricity prices are called flexible loads, which help to improve the peak-valley curve. Improve the stability of power grid operation.
其中，Pt-表示t时刻可转移的负荷功率，η为负荷转移系数，和/>分别代表t时刻时微网中刚性负荷和柔性负荷的功率Among them, Pt- represents the load power that can be transferred at time t, eta is the load transfer coefficient, and/> Represent the power of rigid load and flexible load in the microgrid at time t respectively.
所述步骤1的采集各微网系统运行中的数据信息并确定微网内源网荷储各主体之间的调度策略的具体步骤包括：The specific steps of step 1 to collect the data information in the operation of each microgrid system and determine the scheduling strategy between the main sources of the microgrid load storage include:
①首先，采集微网系统内各单元运行的基本参数，如风力发电和光伏发电的预测发电量、负荷预测数据、分时电价、储能设备的基本参数等。① First, collect the basic parameters of the operation of each unit in the microgrid system, such as the predicted power generation of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, load forecast data, time-of-use electricity prices, basic parameters of energy storage equipment, etc.
②其次，优先调用“源”侧资源，即优先调用新能源发电满足负荷曲线，在新能源充分消纳后再调用可控电源，如调用燃气机组单元满足剩余负荷需求。②Secondly, give priority to the "source" side resources, that is, give priority to new energy power generation to meet the load curve, and then call controllable power sources after the new energy is fully consumed, such as using gas-fired units to meet the remaining load demand.
③然后，再调用“储”侧资源，微网中的储能系统可在新能源多发时消纳多余电量，并在负荷高峰期时放电以平衡微网内的功率。③ Then, the "storage" side resources are called. The energy storage system in the microgrid can absorb excess power when new energy sources are abundant, and discharge during peak load periods to balance the power in the microgrid.
④最后，调用“网”侧资源，当微网内部整体缺电时，从余量微网中购入电能，反之则向缺电电网售出电能。④Finally, the "grid" side resources are called. When the entire microgrid is short of power, electric energy is purchased from the remaining microgrid, and vice versa, electric energy is sold to the power-deficient power grid.
步骤2、根据步骤1中子微网内源网荷储的各主体之间的调度策略，再以区域功率平衡为目标，建立子微网内源网荷储协同调度模型；Step 2. Based on the scheduling strategy between the various subjects of the internal source network load storage in the sub-microgrid in step 1, and then targeting regional power balance, establish a collaborative scheduling model for the internal source network load storage in the sub-microgrid;
所述步骤2的具体步骤包括：The specific steps of step 2 include:
以运行成本最低及区域功率平衡为目标，以微网内结构单元运行条件为约束，建立下层子微网内源网荷储协同调度模型。Taking the lowest operating cost and regional power balance as the goals, and taking the operating conditions of the structural units in the microgrid as constraints, a collaborative scheduling model of source network load and storage in the lower sub-microgrid is established.
将一定区域内的发电系统、储能系统以及用户负荷等单元结合起来，独立于配电网系统形成微网系统。The power generation system, energy storage system, user load and other units in a certain area are combined to form a microgrid system independent of the distribution network system.
对子微网内的运行方式进行协同优化，需根据子微网系统内各单元的功率余量或者缺额进行微网内源网荷储各主体协调互动调整，如图1所示，微网系统中源网荷储各主体间的信息通过微网系统进行交换，其能量流则根据微网系统中的信息确定调度方法从而进行传输。To collaboratively optimize the operation mode within the sub-microgrid, it is necessary to coordinate and interactively adjust the internal source network load and storage entities of the microgrid based on the power margin or deficit of each unit in the sub-microgrid system. As shown in Figure 1, the microgrid system Information between the entities of Zhongyuan Network Load Storage is exchanged through the microgrid system, and the energy flow is transmitted based on the information in the microgrid system to determine the scheduling method.
所述步骤2的具体步骤包括：The specific steps of step 2 include:
(1)确定目标函数(1) Determine the objective function
微网作为运营主体在参与市场时将以运营成本最低及区域功率平衡为目标：As an operating entity, microgrids will target the lowest operating costs and regional power balance when participating in the market:
其中，C为微网的运营成本，R为微网的交易收益，Cl表示微网内单元的单位发电成本，L包括风电、光伏、燃气机组以及储能等，Pl为微网内单元的输出功率，P微网的交易电价，Ll表示微网内的负荷需求功率。Among them, C is the operating cost of the microgrid, R is the transaction income of the microgrid, Cl represents the unit power generation cost of the unit in the microgrid, L includes wind power, photovoltaic, gas unit and energy storage, etc., Pl is the unit in the microgrid The output power of P, the transaction price of microgrid, Ll represents the load demand power in the microgrid.
(2)明确约束条件(2)Clear constraints
对于单微网运营时，在源网荷储各主体运行的条件约束下满足子微网内的功率平衡及安全约束；For the operation of a single microgrid, the power balance and safety constraints within the sub-microgrid are satisfied under the constraints of the operation conditions of each main body of the source network load storage;
1)负荷约束1)Load constraints
满足微网内的供需平衡是优化调度的基础，因此，微网应保证区域内的电力供应。Meeting the supply and demand balance within the microgrid is the basis for optimal dispatch. Therefore, the microgrid should ensure the power supply within the region.
Pl≥Ll (11)Pl ≥Ll (11)
2)各发电单元的功率上下限约束：2) The upper and lower power limits of each power generation unit are:
Pl,min≤Pl≤Pl,max (12)Pl,min ≤Pl ≤Pl,max (12)
式中，Pl为微网内发电的总输出功率，Ll为微网内负荷的总功率，Pl,min和Pl,max分别为微网内各发电设备的最小输出功率和最大输出功率，设备l包括风电机组、光伏机组和燃气机组。In the formula, Pl is the total output power of power generation in the microgrid, Ll is the total power of the load in the microgrid, Pl,min and Pl,max are the minimum output power and maximum output of each power generation equipment in the microgrid, respectively. Power, equipment l includes wind turbine units, photovoltaic units and gas units.
3)储能设备的充放电约束3) Charge and discharge constraints of energy storage equipment
在调度周期完成后，储能设备应保证两阶段的荷电状态相同，同时，为了保证储能设备的安全运行并延长设备寿命，应对单位时间内储能设备的充放电容量进行限制，其运行约束如下式所示：After the dispatch cycle is completed, the energy storage equipment should ensure that the state of charge of the two stages is the same. At the same time, in order to ensure the safe operation of the energy storage equipment and extend the life of the equipment, the charge and discharge capacity of the energy storage equipment per unit time should be limited. Its operation The constraints are as follows:
式中，SOC0和SOCt分别代表储能设备在调度周期初始阶段和最后阶段的荷电状态，SOCi表示微网内储能设备i的荷电状态，SOCmin和SOCmax分别代表储能设备i的最小电荷量和最大电荷量，P(t)为储能设施运行时的功率，E为储能设备i的额定容量，α为单位时间内充放电容量限额百分比。In the formula, SOC0 and SOCt represent the state of charge of the energy storage device in the initial and final stages of the dispatch cycle respectively, SOCi represents the state of charge of the energy storage device i in the microgrid, and SOCmin and SOCmax represent the energy storage device respectively. The minimum charge amount and maximum charge amount of device i, P(t) is the power of the energy storage facility when it is running, E is the rated capacity of the energy storage device i, and α is the percentage of the charge and discharge capacity limit per unit time.
4)燃气机组的爬坡约束4) Climbing constraints of gas unit
Pd≤Pa,t-Pa,t-1≤Pu (14)Pd ≤Pa,t -Pa,t-1 ≤Pu (14)
式中，Pd和Pu分别为燃气机组的爬坡上下限，Pa,t和Pa,t-1分别为燃气机组在t时刻和t-1时刻的输出功率。In the formula, Pd and Pu are the upper and lower climbing limits of the gas unit respectively, and Pa,t and Pa,t-1 are the output power of the gas unit at time t and time t-1 respectively.
(3)微网内优化调度(3) Optimized scheduling within the microgrid
根据子微网内出力单元的运行约束限制及功率平衡要求开展源源互动、源荷互动以及源储互动等互动调度。According to the operating constraints and power balance requirements of the output units in the sub-microgrid, interactive scheduling such as source-source interaction, source-load interaction, and source-storage interaction is carried out.
步骤3、以微网稳定运行及多微网优化调度为目标，以微网系统综合功率平衡条件为约束，建立多微网优化调度模型，并采用多目标粒子群算法对其进行求解，进而对多微网进行优化调度。Step 3. Taking the stable operation of the microgrid and optimal scheduling of multiple microgrids as the goals, and taking the comprehensive power balance conditions of the microgrid system as constraints, establish a multi-microgrid optimal scheduling model, and use the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm to solve it, and then Optimize scheduling of multiple microgrids.
所述步骤3的具体步骤包括：The specific steps of step 3 include:
当多个子微网以集群的形式通过电能交换实现互通互济时，便成为了多微网系统，多微网系统可对子微网系统调度的结果进行再决策，保证各子微网运行的高效性与可靠性。When multiple sub-microgrids achieve interconnection and mutual assistance through power exchange in the form of a cluster, they become a multi-microgrid system. The multi-microgrid system can re-decision the results of the sub-microgrid system scheduling to ensure the operation of each sub-microgrid. Efficiency and reliability.
根据子微网提供的功率平衡调度信息，多微网调度决策中心对子微网间的交易情况和调度方法进行统筹，由多微网构成的上层调度实现多微网的协调优化运行。Based on the power balance scheduling information provided by the sub-microgrids, the multi-microgrid scheduling decision center coordinates the transactions and scheduling methods between sub-microgrids. The upper-layer scheduling composed of multiple microgrids realizes the coordinated and optimized operation of multiple microgrids.
(1)确定目标函数(1) Determine the objective function
以多微网的综合成本最低和收益最大化为目标：Aiming at minimizing the overall cost and maximizing benefits of multiple microgrids:
式中，Cm为多微网一天的运行成本，t为一天内的不同时间段，j为子微网编号，n为子微网的数量，Cg为微网与电网之间的协调成本，C为子微网内各主体的运行成本。In the formula, Cm is the operating cost of multiple microgrids for one day, t is the different time periods within a day, j is the sub-microgrid number, n is the number of sub-microgrids, and Cg is the coordination cost between the microgrid and the power grid. , C is the operating cost of each entity in the sub-microgrid.
(2)明确约束条件(2)Clear constraints
多微网间的约束条件主要以功率传输的限制为主：The constraints between multiple microgrids are mainly power transmission limitations:
1)多微网与电网之间输送功率约束：1) Transmission power constraints between multiple microgrids and the power grid:
Pm,min＜Pm＜Pm,max (16)Pm,min ＜Pm ＜Pm,max (16)
式中，Pm为电网联络线的实际功率，Pm,min和Pm,max分别为微网与电网之间传输功率的最小值和最大值。In the formula, Pm is the actual power of the grid tie line, Pm,min and Pm,max are the minimum and maximum values of the transmission power between the microgrid and the grid respectively.
2)微网间功率传输约束2) Power transmission constraints between microgrids
式中，Pij为微网i与微网j之间的交互功率，Pij,min和Pij,max分别为最小交互功率和最大交互功率，Pij,t和Pij,t-1分别为t时刻和t-1时刻的交互爬坡功率，ΔPij,min和ΔPij,max分别为微网间交互爬坡功率的最小值和最大值。In the formula, Pij is the interactive power between microgrid i and microgrid j, Pij,min and Pij,max are the minimum interactive power and maximum interactive power respectively, Pij,t and Pij,t-1 respectively are the interactive ramping power at time t and t-1, ΔPij,min and ΔPij,max are the minimum and maximum values of the interactive ramping power between microgrids respectively.
3)多微网功率平衡约束3) Multi-microgrid power balance constraints
式中，Pie、Pic和Pin分别表示缺量微网i的缺额功率、输出功率和负荷需求，Pjc、Pjp和Pjn为余量微网j的输出功率、余量功率和负荷需求。In the formula, Pie ,Pic andPin respectively represent the deficit power, output power and load demand of the deficit microgrid i, and Pjc , Pjp and Pjn are the output power, margin power and sum of the margin microgrid j. load requirements.
(3)对多微网进行优化调度(3) Optimize scheduling of multiple microgrids
多微网调度决策中心根据各微网内的约束和微网间的约束再度建立调度方法。如图2所示，子微网根据目标函数和约束条件建立调度模型，对如发电单元和储能单元等内部单元的运行计划进行调整，然后将数据信息提供给多微网调度决策中心，而后多微网调度决策中心再根据新的目标函数和约束条件进行求解，从而建立调度计划，并将指令下发到各微网。The multi-microgrid scheduling decision center re-establishes the scheduling method based on the constraints within each microgrid and the constraints between microgrids. As shown in Figure 2, the sub-microgrid establishes a dispatch model based on the objective function and constraints, adjusts the operation plan of internal units such as power generation units and energy storage units, and then provides the data information to the multi-microgrid dispatch decision center, and then The multi-microgrid scheduling decision center then solves the problem based on the new objective function and constraints, thereby establishing a scheduling plan and issuing instructions to each microgrid.
对双层规划条件进行求解，可得到子微网内部的源荷储主体的供需情况及微网交互功率，同时明确微网内源网荷储各主体的运行情况，当微网内缺量是在，首先调节燃气机组的出力功率，如将其提高至出力上限，其次利用储能储存的余量满足负荷需求，最终通过微网内的交互进一步缓解供需关系，实现减小配电网的功率波动；By solving the double-layer planning conditions, we can obtain the supply and demand situation of the source load storage entities within the sub-microgrid and the microgrid interactive power. At the same time, we can clarify the operation status of each source network load storage entity within the microgrid. When the shortage in the microgrid is In this process, first adjust the output power of the gas unit, such as increasing it to the upper limit of output, then use the surplus of energy storage to meet the load demand, and finally further ease the supply and demand relationship through interaction within the microgrid to reduce the power of the distribution network. fluctuation;
根据求解结果中的微网交互功率数据，多微网调度决策中心可将多微网群分为3种类型。第一种为各微网均有余量，此时，微网群的出力功率大于负荷需求，因此余量首先将微网内储能设施充电至容量上限，若仍有余量则选择售给其他微网的储能设施，最终仍存有余量则选择按市场电价售给配电网侧。第二种为部分微网缺量，此时，未满足负荷需求的子微网先在微网间购电，由余量微网向缺量微网传输电力，若满足负荷则多余余量按市场电价售给配电网侧，反之则向配电网按市场电价购电。第三种为各微网均缺量，此时，微网群可先利用可调电源及储能等资源互动保证部分微网功率平衡，其次再向配网侧购电，费用按照需求分摊，其可减小微网群与电网的交互频率，减小电网功率波动的风险。According to the microgrid interactive power data in the solution results, the multi-microgrid scheduling decision center can divide multi-microgrid groups into three types. The first is that each microgrid has a margin. At this time, the output power of the microgrid group is greater than the load demand. Therefore, the margin first charges the energy storage facilities in the microgrid to the upper capacity limit. If there is still margin, it is sold to For other microgrid energy storage facilities, if there is still surplus in the end, it will be sold to the distribution network side at the market price. The second type is a partial microgrid shortage. At this time, the sub-microgrid that does not meet the load demand first purchases electricity between microgrids, and the surplus microgrid transmits power to the deficit microgrid. If the load is met, the excess surplus is The market price of electricity is sold to the distribution network side, and vice versa, electricity is purchased from the distribution network at market price. The third type is that all microgrids are short of power. At this time, the microgrid group can first use resources such as adjustable power supply and energy storage to interact to ensure the power balance of some microgrids, and then purchase power from the distribution network side, and the cost is shared according to demand. It can reduce the frequency of interaction between the microgrid group and the power grid and reduce the risk of power fluctuations in the power grid.
因此，本双层规划调度策略中上层调度减小微网与电网的交互频率，并对下层微网运行进行优化，指导各源网荷储优化互动，能够促进新能源消纳，提高电力系统应对紧急情况的能力。Therefore, in this dual-layer planning and dispatching strategy, the upper-layer dispatching reduces the frequency of interaction between the microgrid and the power grid, optimizes the operation of the lower-layer microgrid, and guides the optimized interaction of each source, grid, load and storage, which can promote the consumption of new energy and improve the response of the power system. Emergency capabilities.
下面结合具体算例对本发明作进一步说明：The present invention will be further explained below in conjunction with specific calculation examples:
在本实施例中，将模拟三个子微网情景，并以此为基础构成多微网调度系统。其中，子微网1中设有风电单元、光伏单元、燃气机组单元、储能单元以及负荷单元，子微网2设有风电单元、光伏单元、燃气机组单元以及负荷单元，子微网3中设有风电单元、光伏单元、燃气机组单元、储能单元以及负荷单元。基于美国pjm市场的历史数据获得如图3-5所示一天中微网内各单元的预测信息，主要为一天中风电单元、光伏单元的出力预测信息和负荷单元的需求信息。同时，假设各微网之间的联络线最大功率为100kW。In this embodiment, three sub-microgrid scenarios will be simulated and based on this, a multi-microgrid scheduling system will be constructed. Among them, sub-microgrid 1 is equipped with wind power units, photovoltaic units, gas generator units, energy storage units and load units; sub-microgrid 2 is equipped with wind power units, photovoltaic units, gas generator units and load units; sub-microgrid 3 It is equipped with wind power units, photovoltaic units, gas generator units, energy storage units and load units. Based on the historical data of the US pjm market, the forecast information of each unit in the microgrid for a day is obtained as shown in Figure 3-5, which is mainly the output forecast information of wind power units and photovoltaic units and the demand information of load units for a day. At the same time, it is assumed that the maximum power of the tie line between each microgrid is 100kW.
对于燃气机组单元，在本实施例中，中将微网1和微网3内的燃气机组单元最大出力功率设置为40kW，而微网2中的燃气机组单元最大出力功率为20kW，此外，各燃气机组单元的最小出力功率均为0。For the gas generator unit, in this embodiment, the maximum output power of the gas generator unit in microgrid 1 and microgrid 3 is set to 40kW, while the maximum output power of the gas generator unit in microgrid 2 is 20kW. In addition, each The minimum output power of the gas generator unit is 0.
对于储能单元，在本实施例中，中各储能单元的参数一致，具体为充放电效率为0.97，初始电荷量为0.5，电荷量最大值为0.8，电荷量最小值为0.2，额定容量为20kW。For the energy storage unit, in this embodiment, the parameters of each energy storage unit are consistent, specifically the charge and discharge efficiency is 0.97, the initial charge is 0.5, the maximum charge is 0.8, the minimum charge is 0.2, and the rated capacity is 20kW.
以运行成本最低及功率平衡为目标，以微网内结构单元运行条件为约束，建立单微网内源网荷储协同调度模型。Taking the lowest operating cost and power balance as the goals, and taking the operating conditions of the structural units in the microgrid as constraints, a collaborative dispatching model of source network load and storage within a single microgrid is established.
根据预测信息，可得微网1在1-7和20-24时、微网2在3-4和7-24时以及微网3在1-4和10-24时的发电单元输出功率小于负荷需求，此时为缺量微网，而其他时间则为余量微网。According to the prediction information, the output power of the power generation unit of microgrid 1 at 1-7 and 20-24, microgrid 2 at 3-4 and 7-24, and microgrid 3 at 1-4 and 10-24 is less than The load demand is the deficit microgrid at this time, and the surplus microgrid at other times.
微网内调度方法具体为：The specific scheduling methods within the micronet are:
①首先，优先调用“源”侧资源，即优先调用新能源发电满足负荷曲线，在新能源充分消纳后再调用可控电源，如调用燃气机组单元满足剩余负荷需求。① First, give priority to the "source" side resources, that is, give priority to new energy power generation to meet the load curve, and then call controllable power sources after the new energy is fully consumed, such as calling gas unit units to meet the remaining load demand.
②然后，再调用“储”侧资源，微网中的储能系统可在新能源多发时消纳多余电量，并在负荷高峰期时放电以平衡微网内的功率。② Then, the "storage" side resources are called. The energy storage system in the microgrid can absorb excess power when new energy sources are abundant, and discharge during peak load periods to balance the power in the microgrid.
③最后，调用“网”侧资源，当微网内部整体缺电时，从余量微网中购入电能，反之则向缺电电网售出电能。并以微网稳定经济运行为目标，以微网系统综合功率平衡条件为约束，建立多微网优化调度模型。③Finally, the "grid" side resources are called. When the entire microgrid is short of power, power is purchased from the remaining microgrid, and vice versa, power is sold to the power grid that is short of power. With the goal of stable economic operation of the microgrid and the comprehensive power balance conditions of the microgrid system as constraints, a multi-microgrid optimal dispatch model is established.
当微网中仍存在功率不平衡问题时，则进行多微网之间的调度，微网1的可再生能源相对充足，因此其可向微网2和微网3售卖电量；而微网2和微网3中负荷需求较大，因此为了节约成本，其优先向微网1购买电量，若微网1电量充足，微网2和微网3还会降低燃气机组单元出力进一步降低成本，若微网1电量不足，则微网2和微网3会增大燃气机组出力或从电网中购买电量。When there is still a power imbalance problem in the microgrid, scheduling is performed between multiple microgrids. Microgrid 1 has relatively sufficient renewable energy, so it can sell electricity to microgrid 2 and microgrid 3; while microgrid 2 The load demand in microgrid 3 and microgrid 3 is relatively large, so in order to save costs, it gives priority to purchase power from microgrid 1. If microgrid 1 has sufficient power, microgrid 2 and microgrid 3 will also reduce the output of the gas unit unit to further reduce costs. If If microgrid 1 has insufficient power, microgrid 2 and microgrid 3 will increase the output of the gas unit or purchase electricity from the grid.
基于在本实施例中，所提出的调度方法及约束条件，采用多目标粒子群算法对双层调度方法进行求解，可得图6-8所示结果。由图中结果所示，三个子微网通过微网内调度及微网间互济均实现了供需平衡，证明所提出的双层调度计划能够有效地优化多微网间的电能调度方法，充分消纳新能源出力，从而促进资源的合理配置，保证电力系统的安全稳定运行。Based on the scheduling method and constraints proposed in this embodiment, the multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is used to solve the double-layer scheduling method, and the results shown in Figure 6-8 can be obtained. As shown in the results in the figure, the three sub-microgrids have achieved supply and demand balance through intra-microgrid scheduling and inter-microgrid mutual assistance, proving that the proposed double-layer dispatching plan can effectively optimize the power dispatching method between multiple microgrids and fully Accommodate the output of new energy, thereby promoting the rational allocation of resources and ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system.
由此可见，基于双层规划理论的多微网双层调度方法可以实现多微网调度方法的优化。首先，尽量保证微网内的功率平衡，通过各单元之间的源网荷储互动调度方法实现功率互济；其次，多微网间通过互动调度方法协调微网间的功率平衡，促进各微网运行的稳定性。It can be seen that the multi-microgrid dual-layer scheduling method based on the dual-layer planning theory can achieve the optimization of the multi-microgrid scheduling method. First, try to ensure the power balance within the microgrid, and realize power mutual aid through the source-grid-load-storage interactive scheduling method between each unit; secondly, coordinate the power balance between microgrids through interactive scheduling methods among multiple microgrids, and promote each microgrid. network operation stability.
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment that combines software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each process and/or block in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of processes and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device produce a use A device for implementing the functions specified in one process or processes of the flowchart and/or one block or blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that causes a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including the instruction means, the instructions The device implements the functions specified in a process or processes of the flowchart and/or a block or blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operating steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing, thereby executing on the computer or other programmable device. Instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in a process or processes of a flowchart diagram and/or a block or blocks of a block diagram.
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