技术领域Technical field
本发明属于配电网恢复领域，具体的，涉及一种计及孤岛融合与应急资源两阶段配电网故障恢复方法和系统。The invention belongs to the field of distribution network recovery, and specifically relates to a two-stage distribution network fault recovery method and system that takes into account island integration and emergency resources.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，自然灾害、网络攻击等极端事件对配电系统的威胁日益严重，迫切需要在配电网发生大面积停电事故后制定有效的恢复策略。对于主网因故障不可用的情况，可利用高比例的分布式电源(distribution generator，DG)和移动式应急资源(一般包含配电网故障修复人员和应急电源车)等本地资源协调恢复配电网关键负荷。现有的研究方法一种是将配电网隔离故障后划分为多个自给自足的孤岛，每个孤岛包含一个DG或者一辆应急电源车[1-2]，在多孤岛模式下，各孤岛内部电源受限于有限空间范围，仅能支撑本孤岛内负荷恢复，无法有效发挥在空间和时间维度的协调供电能力；一种是将整个系统划分为一个大孤岛[3]，这种恢复方法下系统网损较高且恢复策略不够灵活。且配电网中存在因故障而无法利用本地DG供电的故障区域，需要考虑引入应急电源车(mobile power source，MPS)来快速支援故障区域重要负荷[4]，以及调度配电网故障修复人员((repair crew，RC)抢修故障点并对配电网进行重构[5]。In recent years, extreme events such as natural disasters and cyber attacks have posed increasingly serious threats to power distribution systems. There is an urgent need to develop effective recovery strategies after large-scale power outages in distribution networks. When the main network is unavailable due to faults, local resources such as a high proportion of distributed power sources (DG) and mobile emergency resources (generally including distribution network fault repair personnel and emergency power vehicles) can be used to coordinate the restoration of power distribution. Network critical load. One of the existing research methods is to divide the distribution network into multiple self-sufficient islands after isolation faults. Each island contains a DG or an emergency power supply vehicle[1-2] . In the multi-island mode, each island The internal power supply is limited to a limited space and can only support the load recovery within the island, and cannot effectively exert the coordinated power supply capability in the space and time dimensions. One is to divide the entire system into a large island[3] . This recovery method The network loss of the lower system is high and the recovery strategy is not flexible enough. Moreover, there are faulty areas in the distribution network that cannot utilize local DG power supply due to faults. It is necessary to consider introducing emergency power sources (MPS) to quickly support important loads in the faulty areas[4] and dispatch distribution network fault repair personnel. ((repair crew, RC) repairs fault points and reconstructs the distribution network[5] .
总体来说，综合协同分布式电源和移动式应急资源等本地资源的配电网故障恢复方法仍缺乏深入的讨论。Generally speaking, distribution network fault recovery methods that integrate and coordinate local resources such as distributed power sources and mobile emergency resources still lack in-depth discussions.
引用文献：Citation:
[1]张磐,唐萍,丁一,姜惠兰,陈娟.考虑分布式发电波动性的有源配电网故障恢复策略[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2018,30(01):115-120；[1] Zhang Pan, Tang Ping, Ding Yi, Jiang Huilan, Chen Juan. Active distribution network fault recovery strategy considering the volatility of distributed generation [J]. Journal of Electric Power Systems and Automation, 2018, 30(01): 115-120;
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[3]许寅,王颖,和敬涵,李晨.多源协同的配电网多时段负荷恢复优化决策方法[J].电力系统自动化,2020,44(02):123-133；[3] Xu Yin, Wang Ying, He Jinghan, Li Chen. Multi-source coordinated multi-time load recovery optimization decision-making method for distribution network [J]. Power System Automation, 2020, 44(02): 123-133;
[4]杨丽君,赵宇,赵优等.考虑交通路网应急电源车调度的有源配电网故障均衡恢复[J].电力系统自动化,2021,45(21):170-180；[4] Yang Lijun, Zhao Yu, Zhao You, et al. Fault balanced recovery of active distribution network considering emergency power supply vehicle dispatching in traffic network [J]. Power System Automation, 2021, 45(21): 170-180;
[5]T.Ding,Z.Wang and W.Jia,et al.,"Multiperiod Distribution SystemRestoration With Routing Repair Crews,Mobile Electric Vehicles,and Soft-Open-Point Networked Microgrids,"IEEE Trans.Smart Grid,vol.11,no.6,pp.4795-4808,Nov.2020。[5] T.Ding, Z.Wang and W.Jia, et al., "Multiperiod Distribution SystemRestoration With Routing Repair Crews, Mobile Electric Vehicles, and Soft-Open-Point Networked Microgrids," IEEE Trans.Smart Grid, vol. 11, no.6, pp.4795-4808, Nov.2020.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是提供一种计及孤岛融合与应急资源两阶段配电网故障恢复方法和系统。In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a two-stage distribution network fault recovery method and system that takes into account island fusion and emergency resources.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种计及孤岛融合与应急资源两阶段配电网故障恢复方法，包括：A two-stage distribution network fault recovery method that takes into account island integration and emergency resources, including:
步骤1：获取配电网及分布式电源数据，并基于故障信息将配电网划分成多个孤岛；Step 1: Obtain distribution network and distributed power supply data, and divide the distribution network into multiple islands based on fault information;
步骤2：利用两阶段恢复方式进行故障恢复，所述两阶段恢复包括孤岛融合阶段和移动式应急资源调度阶段，其中，Step 2: Use a two-stage recovery method to perform fault recovery. The two-stage recovery includes an island fusion stage and a mobile emergency resource scheduling stage, where,
在孤岛融合阶段，利用源-荷孤岛融合指标以及孤岛融合约束条件确定最优孤岛融合方案，并利用孤岛融合区域内的分布式电源对孤岛融合区域内的负荷恢复供电，得到孤岛融合恢复区域；In the island fusion stage, the source-load island fusion index and island fusion constraints are used to determine the optimal island fusion plan, and the distributed power supply in the island fusion area is used to restore power to the loads in the island fusion area to obtain the island fusion recovery area;
在移动式应急资源调度阶段，发送信号紧急调度应急电源车以支援故障区域重要负荷并且发送信号以分派修复人员修复故障点；In the mobile emergency resource dispatching stage, signals are sent to urgently dispatch emergency power vehicles to support important loads in the fault area and signals are sent to dispatch repair personnel to repair the fault point;
步骤3：在故障点得到修复之后，将故障区域重构接入孤岛融合恢复区域以恢复对故障区域的供电。Step 3: After the fault point is repaired, reconstruct the fault area and connect it to the island fusion recovery area to restore power to the fault area.
进一步地，所述方法还包括：Further, the method also includes:
步骤4：判断是否存在分布式电源因容量不足发生宕机，如果存在，执行步骤5，如果不存在，执行步骤9；Step 4: Determine whether there is a distributed power source that is down due to insufficient capacity. If it exists, go to step 5. If it does not exist, go to step 9;
步骤5：判断所述分布式电源是否属于孤岛融合区域，如果属于，则执行步骤8，如果不属于，执行步骤6；Step 5: Determine whether the distributed power supply belongs to the island fusion area. If it does, go to step 8. If it does not, go to step 6;
步骤6：对供电区域进行网架重构，并执行步骤7；Step 6: Reconstruct the grid in the power supply area and perform step 7;
步骤7：进行可控负荷消减，并执行步骤8；Step 7: Carry out controllable load reduction and perform step 8;
步骤8：判断剩余电源是否满足已恢复负荷的需求，如果不满足，返回步骤7；如果满足，执行步骤9；Step 8: Determine whether the remaining power supply meets the requirements of the restored load. If not, return to step 7; if so, proceed to step 9;
步骤9：应急电源车辅助多源协同恢复负荷并维持长时间运行。Step 9: The emergency power supply vehicle assists multiple sources to coordinately restore the load and maintain long-term operation.
进一步地，两阶段恢复方式进行故障恢复的目标函数为：Furthermore, the objective function of fault recovery using the two-stage recovery method is:
其中，w表示第一部分目标函数的权重；γi,k表示在孤岛k内节点i上负荷的权重系数；Pi,k表示表示在孤岛k内节点i上负荷的有功功率；t表示负荷恢复时段；T为所有恢复阶段的集合；Δt表示恢复过程中各阶段所用时长；表示在t时段，在孤岛k内电源j出力变化的绝对值；/>为0-1整数变量，表示负荷i在t时段的供电状态，/>代表节点i的负荷正常供电，/>代表节点i的负荷尚未恢复；/>表示t时段整个系统的网络损耗；L为节点集合；G,C和B分别为分布式同步发电机、储能装置和应急电源车的集合。Among them, w represents the weight of the first part of the objective function; γi,k represents the weight coefficient of the load on node i in island k; Pi,k represents the active power of the load on node i in island k; t represents load recovery Period; T is the set of all recovery stages; Δt represents the duration of each stage in the recovery process; Indicates the absolute value of the output change of power source j in island k during period t;/> It is an integer variable of 0-1, indicating the power supply status of load i in period t,/> Represents the normal power supply to the load of node i,/> Indicates that the load of node i has not yet been restored;/> Represents the network loss of the entire system in period t; L is the node set; G, C and B are the sets of distributed synchronous generators, energy storage devices and emergency power vehicles respectively.
进一步地，源-荷孤岛融合指标用以解决各孤岛之间电源容量不均衡问题，用公式表示为：Furthermore, the source-load island fusion index is used to solve the problem of power capacity imbalance between islands, which is expressed by the formula:
其中，Pi,k表示在融合区域的孤岛k内节点i的负荷的有功功率；Ej,k表示在融合区域的孤岛k内电源j的容量；L为节点集合；G和C分别表示分布式同步发电机和储能装置集合，源-荷孤岛融合指标s越小，说明孤岛融合效果越好。Among them, Pi,k represents the active power of the load of node i in island k in the fusion area; Ej,k represents the capacity of power supply j in island k in the fusion area; L is the node set; G and C represent distribution respectively. The smaller the source-load island fusion index s is, the better the island fusion effect is.
进一步地，孤岛融合约束条件包括孤岛间联络线两端节点电压约束以及参与融合的孤岛内部运行频率约束，用公式表示为：Further, the island fusion constraints include the node voltage constraints at both ends of the tie line between islands and the internal operating frequency constraints of the islands participating in the fusion, which are expressed by the formula:
其中，与/>为联络线(i,i')两端节点电压的在t时段的电压幅值的平方；α为电压系数；fk为孤岛k的运行频率；fn为孤岛n的运行频率；ΔU和Δf分别表示符合孤岛融合条件的最大电压偏差与最大频率偏差，E1为联络线集合，K为孤岛集合。in, with/> is the square of the voltage amplitude of the node voltage at both ends of the tie line (i, i') in period t; α is the voltage coefficient; fk is the operating frequency of island k; fn is the operating frequency of island n; ΔU and Δf Respectively represent the maximum voltage deviation and maximum frequency deviation that meet the island fusion conditions, E1 is the tie line set, and K is the island set.
进一步地，在移动式应急资源调度阶段，当某个故障区域与多个孤岛存在故障点时，则按照故障点优先修复的决策指标进行故障点修复，其中，故障点优先修复的决策指标为：Furthermore, in the mobile emergency resource dispatching stage, when there are fault points in a certain fault area and multiple islands, the fault points will be repaired according to the decision-making index of priority repair of the fault point. Among them, the decision-making index of priority repair of the fault point is:
其中，θk,z表示故障区域z与孤岛k连接的决策指标，该指标越小则重构效果越好；xz,k和xz,o分别表示修复故障区域z与孤岛k或孤岛o之间的故障点；xt+1表示在t+1时段优先选择修复的故障点；Pi,k表示孤岛k内节点i的负荷的有功功率；为0-1整数变量，表示负荷i在t时段的供电状态，/>代表节点i的负荷正常供电，/>代表节点i的负荷尚未恢复；/>表示通过故障点m与孤岛k相连的故障区域z内部的待恢复负荷的有功功率；/>表示在t时刻，孤岛k分布式电源或应急电源车的剩余发电容量；X表示故障点的集合；K表示孤岛的集合；Lk为孤岛k内的负荷集合；G,C和B分别为分布式同步发电机、储能装置和应急电源车的集合。Among them, θk,z represents the decision-making index for connecting the fault area z and the island k. The smaller the index, the better the reconstruction effect; xz,k and xz,o respectively represent the repair of the fault area z and the island k or island o. The fault pointsbetween them; It is an integer variable of 0-1, indicating the power supply status of load i in period t,/> Represents the normal power supply to the load of node i,/> Indicates that the load of node i has not yet been restored;/> Represents the active power of the load to be restored in the fault area z connected to the island k through the fault point m;/> Indicates the remaining power generation capacity of the distributed power supply or emergency power supply vehicle on the island k at time t; A collection of synchronous generators, energy storage devices and emergency power vehicles.
进一步地，步骤6包括：利用联络线将未融合孤岛与孤岛融合区域重构，其约束条件为：Further, step 6 includes: using tie lines to reconstruct the unfused island and the island fused area, the constraints are:
其中，sii'表示未融合孤岛与孤岛融合区域之间联络线(i,i')的开关状态，sii'＝0代表断开联络线，sii'＝1代表闭合联络线；和/>分别表示未融合孤岛/>内节点g处的分布式电源的待支撑负荷和最小电源出力；K表示孤岛的集合；E1为联络线集合；G和C分别为分布式同步发电机和储能装置的集合。Among them, sii' represents the switching state of the tie line (i, i') between the unfused island and the island fusion area, sii' = 0 represents the disconnected tie line, and sii' = 1 represents the closed tie line; and/> Respectively represent unintegrated islands/> The load to be supported and the minimum power output of the distributed power supply at the inner node g; K represents the collection of islands; E1 is the collection of tie lines; G and C are the collections of distributed synchronous generators and energy storage devices respectively.
进一步地，步骤7中可控负荷消减约束为：Furthermore, the controllable load reduction constraints in step 7 are:
其中，和/>分别表示可控负荷a在t时段的有功功率和无功功率；LC为可控负荷节点集合；/>和/>分别表示可控负荷a的有功功率和无功功率。in, and/> represent the active power and reactive power of controllable load a in period t respectively; LC is the set of controllable load nodes;/> and/> Represent the active power and reactive power of controllable load a respectively.
本发明还提供一种计及孤岛融合与应急资源两阶段配电网故障恢复系统，包括：The invention also provides a two-stage distribution network fault recovery system that takes into account island integration and emergency resources, including:
孤岛划分模块，用于获取配电网及分布式电源数据，并基于故障信息将配电网划分成多个孤岛；The island division module is used to obtain distribution network and distributed power supply data, and divide the distribution network into multiple islands based on fault information;
故障恢复模块，用于利用两阶段恢复方式进行故障恢复，所述两阶段恢复包括孤岛融合阶段和移动式应急资源调度阶段，其中，故障恢复模块执行如下操作：A fault recovery module is used to perform fault recovery using a two-stage recovery method. The two-stage recovery includes an island fusion stage and a mobile emergency resource scheduling stage. The fault recovery module performs the following operations:
在孤岛融合阶段，利用源-荷孤岛融合指标以及孤岛融合约束条件确定最优孤岛融合方案，并利用孤岛融合区域内的分布式电源对孤岛融合区域内的负荷恢复供电，得到孤岛融合恢复区域；In the island fusion stage, the source-load island fusion index and island fusion constraints are used to determine the optimal island fusion plan, and the distributed power supply in the island fusion area is used to restore power to the loads in the island fusion area to obtain the island fusion recovery area;
在移动式应急资源调度阶段，发送信号紧急调度应急电源车以支援故障区域重要负荷并且发送信号以分派修复人员修复故障点；In the mobile emergency resource dispatching stage, signals are sent to urgently dispatch emergency power vehicles to support important loads in the fault area and signals are sent to dispatch repair personnel to repair the fault point;
在故障点得到修复之后，将故障区域重构接入孤岛融合恢复区域以恢复对故障区域的供电。After the fault point is repaired, the fault area is reconstructed and connected to the island fusion recovery area to restore power to the fault area.
进一步地，所述故障恢复模块还执行如下步骤：Further, the fault recovery module also performs the following steps:
步骤4：判断是否存在分布式电源因容量不足发生宕机，如果存在，执行步骤5，如果不存在，执行步骤9；Step 4: Determine whether there is a distributed power source that is down due to insufficient capacity. If it exists, go to step 5. If it does not exist, go to step 9;
步骤5：判断所述分布式电源是否属于孤岛融合区域，如果属于，则执行步骤8，如果不属于，执行步骤6；Step 5: Determine whether the distributed power supply belongs to the island fusion area. If it does, go to step 8. If it does not, go to step 6;
步骤6：对供电区域进行网架重构，并执行步骤7；Step 6: Reconstruct the grid in the power supply area and perform step 7;
步骤7：进行可控负荷消减，并执行步骤8；Step 7: Carry out controllable load reduction and perform step 8;
步骤8：判断剩余电源是否满足已恢复负荷的需求，如果不满足，返回步骤7；如果满足，执行步骤9；Step 8: Determine whether the remaining power supply meets the requirements of the restored load. If not, return to step 7; if so, proceed to step 9;
步骤9：应急电源车辅助多源协同恢复负荷并维持长时间运行。Step 9: The emergency power supply vehicle assists multiple sources to coordinately restore the load and maintain long-term operation.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
本发明提出的计及孤岛融合与移动应急资源的两阶段配电网故障恢复方法，该方法以孤岛融合为基础，移动式应急资源调度为辅助，提出了一个两阶段框架来实现配电网在大面积停电后的故障恢复。在第一阶段，基于现有研究下的多孤岛恢复模式，考虑利用孤岛之间的联络线，构建不同孤岛之间分布式电源的沟通桥梁，实现孤岛融合。通过孤岛融合协同不同类型分布式电源，优化发电资源配置，延长已恢复负荷的供电时长；在第二阶段，针对故障区域难以利用本地分布式电源恢复供电的问题，调度MPS紧急支援故障区域的关键负载，并分派RC修复故障点。在故障部位修复后，将故障区域重构接入孤岛融合区域利用多源协同的优势长期支撑负荷用电，提高重要负荷恢复率；而且，当未参与融合的孤岛自身DG发电资源不足时，可重构接入孤岛融合区域，为保证故障重构后的功率平衡，考虑了削减可控负荷，从而进一步提高了重要负荷的恢复率。The present invention proposes a two-stage distribution network fault recovery method that takes into account island fusion and mobile emergency resources. This method is based on island fusion and assisted by mobile emergency resource dispatch. It proposes a two-stage framework to realize the distribution network in Fault recovery after widespread power outage. In the first stage, based on the multi-island recovery model under existing research, consideration is given to using contact lines between islands to build a communication bridge for distributed power supplies between different islands to achieve island integration. Through island fusion and coordination of different types of distributed power sources, the allocation of power generation resources is optimized and the power supply duration of restored loads is extended; in the second stage, in view of the difficulty of using local distributed power sources to restore power supply in the fault area, the key to dispatching MPS emergency support to the fault area is load, and dispatch RC to repair the fault point. After the fault location is repaired, the fault area is reconstructed and connected to the island fusion area to take advantage of multi-source collaboration to support the load power consumption for a long time and improve the recovery rate of important loads. Moreover, when the island that does not participate in the integration has insufficient DG power generation resources, it can Reconstructing the access island fusion area, in order to ensure the power balance after fault reconstruction, considers reducing the controllable load, thus further improving the recovery rate of important loads.
本发明的其他优点、目标和特征在某种程度上将在随后的说明书中进行阐述，并且在某种程度上，基于对下文的考察研究对本领域技术人员而言将是显而易见的，或者可以从本发明的实践中得到教导。本发明的目标和其他优点可以通过下面的说明书来实现和获得。Other advantages, objects, and features of the present invention will, to the extent that they are set forth in the description that follows, and to the extent that they will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon examination of the following, or may be derived from This invention is taught by practicing it. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by the following description.
附图说明Description of the drawings
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细描述，其中：In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
图1是计及孤岛融合与应急资源两阶段配电网故障恢复方法的示意性流程图；Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a two-stage distribution network fault recovery method that takes into account island integration and emergency resources;
图2是配电网恢复方法实施过程示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the implementation process of the distribution network restoration method;
图3是改进PG&E69节点配电网孤岛划分图；Figure 3 is an island division diagram of the improved PG&E69 node distribution network;
图4是不同方案下负荷恢复情况对比图；Figure 4 is a comparison chart of load recovery under different schemes;
图5是不同方案下重要负荷恢复情况对比图。Figure 5 is a comparison chart of important load recovery under different schemes.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下将参照附图，对本发明的优选实施例进行详细的描述。应当理解，优选实施例仅为了说明本发明，而不是为了限制本发明的保护范围。Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
本发明根据配电网闭环设计、开环运行的实际结构，综合考虑符合配电网运行特征的辐射形拓扑约束、适用于辐射状网络的DistFlow潮流约束，以及常规的电源容量约束、系统频率约束、安全约束等，将整个恢复过程分为两个阶段，分别为孤岛融合阶段和移动应急资源调度阶段，主要包含:大停电后，主网不可用，基于多孤岛的恢复模式，判断不同孤岛是否满足孤岛融合条件，并选取最优孤岛融合方案利用联络线建立多个孤岛的沟通桥梁；同时，紧急调度MPS支援故障区域重要负荷，分派RC修复故障点，并在故障点修复后将故障区域重构接入孤岛融合恢复区域。当未参与融合的孤岛自身DG发电资源不足时，可重构接入孤岛融合区域，为保证故障重构后的功率平衡，考虑削减可控负荷。Based on the actual structure of the closed-loop design and open-loop operation of the distribution network, this invention comprehensively considers the radial topology constraints that conform to the operating characteristics of the distribution network, the DistFlow power flow constraints suitable for radial networks, as well as conventional power supply capacity constraints and system frequency constraints. , security constraints, etc., the entire recovery process is divided into two stages, namely the island integration stage and the mobile emergency resource scheduling stage, which mainly include: after a major power outage, the main network is unavailable, based on the multi-island recovery model, determine whether different islands Meet the conditions for island fusion, and select the optimal island fusion solution to use contact lines to establish communication bridges between multiple islands; at the same time, the emergency dispatch MPS supports important loads in the fault area, dispatches RC to repair the fault point, and restores the fault area after the fault point is repaired. The structure accesses the island fusion recovery area. When the island that does not participate in the integration has insufficient DG power generation resources, it can be reconfigured to access the island fusion area. In order to ensure the power balance after fault reconstruction, consider reducing the controllable load.
图1是根据本发明的一个实施例所示的计及孤岛融合与应急资源两阶段配电网故障恢复方法。如图1所示，该方法包括：Figure 1 is a two-stage distribution network fault recovery method that takes into account island integration and emergency resources according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the method includes:
步骤1：获取配电网及分布式电源数据，并基于故障信息将配电网划分成多个孤岛；Step 1: Obtain distribution network and distributed power supply data, and divide the distribution network into multiple islands based on fault information;
步骤2：利用两阶段恢复方式进行故障恢复，所述两阶段恢复包括孤岛融合阶段和移动式应急资源调度阶段，其中，Step 2: Use a two-stage recovery method to perform fault recovery. The two-stage recovery includes an island fusion stage and a mobile emergency resource scheduling stage, where,
在孤岛融合阶段，利用源-荷孤岛融合指标以及孤岛融合约束条件确定最优孤岛融合方案，并利用孤岛融合区域内的分布式电源对孤岛融合区域内的负荷恢复供电，得到孤岛融合恢复区域；In the island fusion stage, the source-load island fusion index and island fusion constraints are used to determine the optimal island fusion plan, and the distributed power supply in the island fusion area is used to restore power to the loads in the island fusion area to obtain the island fusion recovery area;
在移动式应急资源调度阶段，发送信号紧急调度应急电源车以支援故障区域重要负荷并且发送信号以分派修复人员修复故障点；In the mobile emergency resource dispatching stage, signals are sent to urgently dispatch emergency power vehicles to support important loads in the fault area and signals are sent to dispatch repair personnel to repair the fault point;
步骤3：在故障点得到修复之后，将故障区域重构接入孤岛融合恢复区域以恢复对故障区域的供电。Step 3: After the fault point is repaired, reconstruct the fault area and connect it to the island fusion recovery area to restore power to the fault area.
进一步地，如图2所示，该方法还包括：Further, as shown in Figure 2, the method also includes:
步骤4：判断是否存在分布式电源因容量不足发生宕机，如果存在，执行步骤5，如果不存在，执行步骤9；Step 4: Determine whether there is a distributed power source that is down due to insufficient capacity. If it exists, go to step 5. If it does not exist, go to step 9;
步骤5：判断所述分布式电源是否属于孤岛融合区域，如果属于，则执行步骤8，如果不属于，执行步骤6；Step 5: Determine whether the distributed power supply belongs to the island fusion area. If it does, go to step 8. If it does not, go to step 6;
步骤6：对供电区域进行网架重构，并执行步骤7；Step 6: Reconstruct the grid in the power supply area and perform step 7;
步骤7：进行可控负荷消减，并执行步骤8；Step 7: Carry out controllable load reduction and perform step 8;
步骤8：判断剩余电源是否满足已恢复负荷的需求，如果不满足，返回步骤7；如果满足，执行步骤9；Step 8: Determine whether the remaining power supply meets the requirements of the restored load. If not, return to step 7; if so, proceed to step 9;
步骤9：应急电源车辅助多源协同恢复负荷并维持长时间运行。Step 9: The emergency power supply vehicle assists multiple sources to coordinately restore the load and maintain long-term operation.
本发明中的故障恢复模型的优化目标可以分为3个部分，其中第1部分为最小化加权失电负荷量，也是目标函数中最重要的部分。其次，在网络重构和孤岛融合时，配电网拓扑结构发生变化，为保证恢复过程中能量的不必要损耗和电源出力平稳，第2部分和第3部分分别为最小化网络损耗和最小化电源出力变化。The optimization objectives of the fault recovery model in the present invention can be divided into three parts, of which the first part is to minimize the weighted power loss load, which is also the most important part of the objective function. Secondly, during network reconstruction and island integration, the distribution network topology changes. In order to ensure unnecessary loss of energy and stable power output during the recovery process, Part 2 and Part 3 are to minimize network loss and minimize Power output changes.
在一些实施例中，两阶段恢复方式进行故障恢复的目标函数为：In some embodiments, the objective function of fault recovery using the two-stage recovery method is:
其中，w表示第一部分目标函数的权重；γi,k表示在孤岛k内节点i上负荷的权重系数；Pi,k表示表示在孤岛k内节点i上负荷的有功功率；t表示负荷恢复时段；T为所有恢复阶段的集合；Δt表示恢复过程中各阶段所用时长；表示在t时段，在孤岛k内电源j出力变化的绝对值；/>为0-1整数变量，表示负荷i在t时段的供电状态，/>代表节点i的负荷正常供电，/>代表节点i的负荷尚未恢复；/>表示t时段整个系统的网络损耗；L为节点集合；G,C和B分别为分布式同步发电机、储能装置和应急电源车的集合。Among them, w represents the weight of the first part of the objective function; γi,k represents the weight coefficient of the load on node i in island k; Pi,k represents the active power of the load on node i in island k; t represents load recovery Period; T is the set of all recovery stages; Δt represents the duration of each stage in the recovery process; Indicates the absolute value of the output change of power source j in island k during period t;/> It is an integer variable of 0-1, indicating the power supply status of load i in period t,/> Represents the normal power supply to the load of node i,/> Indicates that the load of node i has not yet been restored;/> Represents the network loss of the entire system in period t; L is the node set; G, C and B are the sets of distributed synchronous generators, energy storage devices and emergency power vehicles respectively.
在孤岛融合阶段，源-荷孤岛融合指标可以用以解决各孤岛之间电源容量不均衡问题，用公式可以表示为：In the island fusion stage, the source-load island fusion index can be used to solve the problem of power capacity imbalance between islands, which can be expressed as:
其中，Pi,k表示在融合区域的孤岛k内节点i的负荷的有功功率；Ej,k表示在融合区域的孤岛k内电源j的容量；L为节点集合；G和C分别表示分布式同步发电机和储能装置集合，源-荷孤岛融合指标s越小，说明孤岛融合效果越好。Among them, Pi,k represents the active power of the load of node i in island k in the fusion area; Ej,k represents the capacity of power supply j in island k in the fusion area; L is the node set; G and C represent distribution respectively. The smaller the source-load island fusion index s is, the better the island fusion effect is.
在孤岛融合阶段，孤岛融合约束条件可以包括孤岛间联络线两端节点电压约束以及参与融合的孤岛内部运行频率约束，用公式表示为：In the island fusion stage, the island fusion constraints can include the node voltage constraints at both ends of the tie line between islands and the internal operating frequency constraints of the islands participating in the fusion, expressed by the formula:
其中，与/>为联络线(i,i')两端节点电压的在t时段的电压幅值的平方；α为电压系数；fk为孤岛k的运行频率；fn为孤岛n的运行频率；ΔU和Δf分别表示符合孤岛融合条件的最大电压偏差与最大频率偏差，E1为联络线集合，K为孤岛集合。in, with/> is the square of the voltage amplitude of the node voltage at both ends of the tie line (i, i') in period t; α is the voltage coefficient; fk is the operating frequency of island k; fn is the operating frequency of island n; ΔU and Δf Respectively represent the maximum voltage deviation and maximum frequency deviation that meet the island fusion conditions, E1 is the tie line set, and K is the island set.
在移动式应急资源调度阶段，针对配电系统中的部分故障区域难以利用本地分布式电源恢复供电的问题，本发明考虑调度应急电源车紧急供应故障区域的重要负荷并且分派配电网故障抢修人员修复故障点。In the mobile emergency resource dispatching stage, in view of the problem that it is difficult to restore power supply to some faulty areas in the power distribution system using local distributed power sources, the present invention considers dispatching emergency power supply vehicles to urgently supply important loads in the faulty area and assigning distribution network fault repair personnel Repair failure points.
假设移动式应急资源在交通网中匀速运输，采用广度优先搜索算法求解调度点到目的地点的最短路径，选取最短路径作为调度路径，求解得到移动式应急资源在交通网中的运输时间。Assuming that mobile emergency resources are transported at a constant speed in the transportation network, a breadth-first search algorithm is used to find the shortest path from the dispatch point to the destination point, and the shortest path is selected as the dispatch path to solve for the transportation time of the mobile emergency resources in the transportation network.
配电网抢修人员抵达故障点时间为：The time for distribution network emergency repair personnel to arrive at the fault point is:
其中，Tr,m和Tr,n分别表示配电网抢修班组r到达故障点m和故障点n处的时刻；Tr,n-m表示调度配电网抢修班组r从故障点n前往故障点m所需的交通时间；表示配电网抢修班组r修复故障点n所用时间；R表示配电网抢修班组集合；X表示配电网故障点集合。Among them, Tr,m and Tr,n represent the time when the distribution network emergency repair team r arrives at the fault point m and the fault point n respectively; Tr,nm represents the time when the distribution network emergency repair team r arrives at the fault point n from the fault point m the required transportation time; Indicates the time it takes for distribution network emergency repair team r to repair fault point n; R represents the collection of distribution network emergency repair teams; X represents the collection of distribution network fault points.
移动式应急电源车接入配电网时间为：The time when the mobile emergency power supply vehicle is connected to the distribution network is:
式中：Tb,x和Tb,y分别表示应急电源车b到达可接入节点x和可接入节点y处的时刻；Tb,y-x表示调度应急电源车b从可接入节点y前往可接入节点x所需的交通时间；表示应急电源车b接入节点y的供电时间；M为可接入节点集合。In the formula: Tb,x and Tb,y respectively represent the time when emergency power supply vehicle b arrives at accessible node x and accessible node y; Tb,yx represents the time when emergency power supply vehicle b is dispatched from accessible node y The travel time required to reach accessible node x; Indicates the power supply time for emergency power supply vehicle b to access node y; M is the set of accessible nodes.
对于故障区域，其可以由应急电源车直接接入网点对负荷进行供电，也可以在故障点修复后通过控制开关与其他孤岛恢复区域相连恢复负荷。因此，故障区域负荷恢复时间可以有两种表现形式：For the fault area, the emergency power supply vehicle can be directly connected to the network point to supply power to the load, or the load can be restored by connecting to other island recovery areas through control switches after the fault point is repaired. Therefore, the load recovery time in the fault area can be expressed in two forms:
式中：Tzrec表示故障区域z负荷恢复时间；b→z表示应急电源车b接入故障区域z内的可接入节点，r→z表示配电网抢修班组r前往修复与故障区域z相关联的故障点；Z表示故障区域集合。In the formula: Tzrec represents the load recovery time of fault area z; b→z represents the access of emergency power vehicle b to the accessible node in fault area z, r→z represents the distribution network emergency repair team r going to repair and fault area z Associated fault points; Z represents the set of fault areas.
假设每个故障点仅由一个配电网抢修班组进行修复，且修复后不会再发生故障。本发明主要考虑恢复故障区域负荷与孤岛恢复区域的沟通，不以修复全部故障点为目的。则故障点状态约束如下：It is assumed that each fault point is repaired by only one distribution network emergency repair team, and the fault will not occur again after repair. This invention mainly considers the communication between restoring the load of the fault area and the island recovery area, and does not aim at repairing all fault points. Then the fault point status constraints are as follows:
式中：xm,t为0-1变量，表示故障点m在t时刻的状态，xm,t＝1，认为故障点已被修复，xi,t＝0，认为故障点尚未被修复。In the formula: xm,t are 0-1 variables, indicating the status of the fault point m at time t. xm,t =1 means that the fault point has been repaired; xi,t =0 means that the fault point has not been repaired yet. .
当某个故障区域与多个孤岛存在故障点时，需考虑故障点的优先修复顺序。按照故障点优先修复的决策指标进行故障点修复，其中，故障点优先修复的决策指标为：When there are fault points in a fault area and multiple islands, the priority of repairing the fault points needs to be considered. Repair the fault point according to the decision-making index of priority repair of the fault point. Among them, the decision-making index of priority repair of the fault point is:
其中，θk,z表示故障区域z与孤岛k连接的决策指标，该指标越小则重构效果越好；xz,k和xz,o分别表示修复故障区域z与孤岛k或孤岛o之间的故障点；xt+1表示在t+1时段优先选择修复的故障点；Pi,k表示孤岛k内节点i的负荷的有功功率；为0-1整数变量，表示负荷i在t时段的供电状态，/>代表节点i的负荷正常供电，/>代表节点i的负荷尚未恢复；/>表示通过故障点m与孤岛k相连的故障区域z内部的待恢复负荷的有功功率；/>表示在t时刻，孤岛k分布式电源或应急电源车的剩余发电容量；X表示故障点的集合；K表示孤岛的集合；Lk为孤岛k内的负荷集合；G,C和B分别为分布式同步发电机、储能装置和应急电源车的集合。Among them, θk,z represents the decision-making index for connecting the fault area z and the island k. The smaller the index, the better the reconstruction effect; xz,k and xz,o respectively represent the repair of the fault area z and the island k or island o. The fault pointsbetween them; It is an integer variable of 0-1, indicating the power supply status of load i in period t,/> Represents the normal power supply to the load of node i,/> Indicates that the load of node i has not yet been restored;/> Represents the active power of the load to be restored in the fault area z connected to the island k through the fault point m;/> Indicates the remaining power generation capacity of the distributed power supply or emergency power supplyvehicle on the island k at time t; A collection of synchronous generators, energy storage devices and emergency power vehicles.
由于未参与孤岛融合的孤岛恢复区域内部发电资源有限，当自身分布式电源因容量不足而宕机时，为维持该区域重要负荷正常用电，则步骤6包括：利用联络线将未融合孤岛与孤岛融合区域重构，其约束条件为：Since the internal power generation resources of the island restoration area that does not participate in island integration are limited, when its own distributed power supply goes down due to insufficient capacity, in order to maintain the normal power consumption of important loads in the area, step 6 includes: using tie lines to connect the unintegrated islands with The constraints of island fusion area reconstruction are:
其中，sii'表示未融合孤岛与孤岛融合区域之间联络线(i,i')的开关状态，sii'＝0代表断开联络线，sii'＝1代表闭合联络线；和/>分别表示未融合孤岛/>内节点g处的分布式电源的待支撑负荷和最小电源出力；K表示孤岛的集合；E1为联络线集合；G和C分别为分布式同步发电机和储能装置的集合。Among them, sii' represents the switching state of the tie line (i, i') between the unfused island and the island fusion area, sii' = 0 represents the disconnected tie line, and sii' = 1 represents the closed tie line; and/> Respectively represent unintegrated islands/> The load to be supported and the minimum power output of the distributed power supply at the inner node g; K represents the collection of islands; E1 is the collection of tie lines; G and C are the collections of distributed synchronous generators and energy storage devices respectively.
为了保证网络重构时的功率平衡以及保障重要负荷供电，可考虑削减可控负荷。在步骤7中可控负荷消减约束为：In order to ensure power balance during network reconstruction and ensure power supply to important loads, reduction of controllable loads can be considered. In step 7, the controllable load reduction constraints are:
其中，Pacur,t和分别表示可控负荷a在t时段的有功功率和无功功率，LC为可控负荷节点集合；Pacur和/>分别表示可控负荷a的有功功率和无功功率。Among them, Pacur,t and represent the active power and reactive power of controllable load a in period t respectively, LC is the set of controllable load nodes; Pacur and/> Represent the active power and reactive power of controllable load a respectively.
需要说明的是，以上对于约束的列举只是示例性的，对于整个配电网故障恢复阶段，均需满足相应的辐射状拓扑约束、潮流约束及安全约束等条件。在约束条件的限值下，对于目标函数求解过程中，本发明通过松弛潮流中的非线性约束将本模型转换成为混合整数二阶锥规划模型并利用商业求解器求解。It should be noted that the above list of constraints is only exemplary. For the entire distribution network fault recovery stage, the corresponding radial topology constraints, power flow constraints, safety constraints and other conditions must be met. Under the limit of the constraint conditions, during the solution process of the objective function, the present invention converts this model into a mixed integer second-order cone programming model by relaxing the nonlinear constraints in the power flow and solves it using a commercial solver.
本发明通过在第一阶段(即孤岛融合阶段)构建不同类型分布式电源的沟通桥梁，可以实现多源协同恢复，从而快速恢复负荷，延长负荷供电时间。By building a communication bridge between different types of distributed power sources in the first stage (i.e., the island fusion stage), the present invention can realize multi-source coordinated recovery, thereby quickly restoring the load and extending the load power supply time.
本发明通过在第二阶段(即移动式应急资源调度阶段)，利用移动式应急资源的灵活调度特性，恢复故障点隔离的失电负荷，可以提高重要负荷的恢复率。The present invention can improve the recovery rate of important loads by utilizing the flexible scheduling characteristics of mobile emergency resources in the second stage (i.e., the mobile emergency resource dispatching stage) to restore the power-off load isolated from the fault point.
本发明还提供了提供一种计及孤岛融合与应急资源两阶段配电网故障恢复系统，包括：The invention also provides a two-stage distribution network fault recovery system that takes into account island integration and emergency resources, including:
孤岛划分模块，用于获取配电网及分布式电源数据，并基于故障信息将配电网划分成多个孤岛；The island division module is used to obtain distribution network and distributed power supply data, and divide the distribution network into multiple islands based on fault information;
故障恢复模块，用于利用两阶段恢复方式进行故障恢复，所述两阶段恢复包括孤岛融合阶段和移动式应急资源调度阶段，其中，故障恢复模块执行如下操作：A fault recovery module is used to perform fault recovery using a two-stage recovery method. The two-stage recovery includes an island fusion stage and a mobile emergency resource scheduling stage. The fault recovery module performs the following operations:
在孤岛融合阶段，利用源-荷孤岛融合指标以及孤岛融合约束条件确定最优孤岛融合方案，并利用孤岛融合区域内的分布式电源对孤岛融合区域内的负荷恢复供电，得到孤岛融合恢复区域；In the island fusion stage, the source-load island fusion index and island fusion constraints are used to determine the optimal island fusion plan, and the distributed power supply in the island fusion area is used to restore power to the loads in the island fusion area to obtain the island fusion recovery area;
在移动式应急资源调度阶段，发送信号紧急调度应急电源车以支援故障区域重要负荷并且发送信号以分派修复人员修复故障点；In the mobile emergency resource dispatching stage, signals are sent to urgently dispatch emergency power vehicles to support important loads in the fault area and signals are sent to dispatch repair personnel to repair the fault point;
在故障点得到修复之后，将故障区域重构接入孤岛融合恢复区域以恢复对故障区域的供电。After the fault point is repaired, the fault area is reconstructed and connected to the island fusion recovery area to restore power to the fault area.
进一步地，所述故障恢复模块还执行如下步骤：Further, the fault recovery module also performs the following steps:
步骤4：判断是否存在分布式电源因容量不足发生宕机，如果存在，执行步骤5，如果不存在，执行步骤9；Step 4: Determine whether there is a distributed power source that is down due to insufficient capacity. If it exists, go to step 5. If it does not exist, go to step 9;
步骤5：判断所述分布式电源是否属于孤岛融合区域，如果属于，则执行步骤8，如果不属于，执行步骤6；Step 5: Determine whether the distributed power supply belongs to the island fusion area. If it does, go to step 8. If it does not, go to step 6;
步骤6：对供电区域进行网架重构，并执行步骤7；Step 6: Reconstruct the grid in the power supply area and perform step 7;
步骤7：进行可控负荷消减，并执行步骤8；Step 7: Carry out controllable load reduction and perform step 8;
步骤8：判断剩余电源是否满足已恢复负荷的需求，如果不满足，返回步骤7；如果满足，执行步骤9；Step 8: Determine whether the remaining power supply meets the requirements of the restored load. If not, return to step 7; if so, proceed to step 9;
步骤9：应急电源车辅助多源协同恢复负荷并维持长时间运行。Step 9: The emergency power supply vehicle assists multiple sources to coordinately restore the load and maintain long-term operation.
为了验证本发明恢复方法的有效性，采用PG&E69节点配电网算例并进行适当修改，假设配电网发生大停电事故后，失去主网的电能供应，只能通过本地分布式电源恢复配电网内的失电负荷。根据本地分布式电源和故障点，将整个配电网划分为4个独立的孤岛恢复供电，其余失电负荷视为由故障点隔离形成的故障区域，具体划分形式如附图3所示。系统中，DG1与DG4为燃气轮机，DG2与DG3为柴油发电机，储能装置ES1、ES2与ES3为蓄电池。节点6、9、12、18、35、37、42、51、57、62为一级负荷；节点7、10、11、13、16、22、28、43、45、46、47、48、59、60、63为二级负荷；其余为三级负荷。In order to verify the effectiveness of the recovery method of the present invention, a PG&E69 node distribution network example is used and appropriately modified. It is assumed that after a major blackout occurs in the distribution network, the power supply of the main network is lost, and power distribution can only be restored through local distributed power sources. Outage load in the network. According to the local distributed power supply and fault points, the entire distribution network is divided into four independent islands to restore power supply. The remaining power loss loads are regarded as fault areas formed by the isolation of fault points. The specific division form is shown in Figure 3. In the system, DG1 and DG4 are gas turbines, DG2 and DG3 are diesel generators, and the energy storage devices ES1, ES2 and ES3 are batteries. Nodes 6, 9, 12, 18, 35, 37, 42, 51, 57, and 62 are first-level loads; nodes 7, 10, 11, 13, 16, 22, 28, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 59, 60, and 63 are second-level loads; the rest are third-level loads.
根据源-荷孤岛融合指标，选取融合孤岛1、孤岛2和孤岛3作为最优的孤岛融合方案，并在此基础上调度移动式应急资源参与故障区域恢复，提高重要负荷恢复率，并延长已恢复负荷的供电时间。为充分体现本文提出的故障恢复方法的优势，分别从移动式应急资源调度、网架重构、孤岛融合等方面增加四个对比方案。According to the source-load island integration index, the integration of island 1, island 2 and island 3 is selected as the optimal island integration solution. On this basis, mobile emergency resources are dispatched to participate in the recovery of the fault area, improve the recovery rate of important loads, and extend the length of the existing island. Time to restore power to the load. In order to fully reflect the advantages of the fault recovery method proposed in this article, four comparative schemes are added from the aspects of mobile emergency resource dispatching, grid reconstruction, and island fusion.
方案1：不考虑移动式应急资源调度，仅考虑在最优的孤岛融合范围内协同多个分布式电源恢复供电；Option 1: Do not consider mobile emergency resource dispatching, but only consider cooperating with multiple distributed power sources to restore power within the optimal island integration range;
方案2：在方案1的基础上，考虑引入RC修复配电网故障点，优化配电网故障点的修复顺序，将故障区域内负荷接入孤岛进行恢复；Option 2: Based on Option 1, consider introducing RC to repair distribution network fault points, optimize the repair sequence of distribution network fault points, and connect the loads in the fault area to the island for recovery;
方案3：在方案2的基础上，考虑引入MPS支援含有重要负荷的故障区域，优化故障点修复顺序及应急电源车调度顺序；Option 3: Based on Option 2, consider introducing MPS to support fault areas containing important loads, and optimize the fault point repair sequence and emergency power supply vehicle dispatch sequence;
方案4：不考虑孤岛融合，仅在利用分布式电源恢复各孤岛内负荷的同时，调度移动式应急资源辅助恢复故障区域负荷。Option 4: Ignoring island integration, only using distributed power to restore the load in each island, and dispatching mobile emergency resources to assist in restoring the load in the fault area.
根据实验结果可以看到，本发明的效果和优点体现为以下几点：According to the experimental results, it can be seen that the effects and advantages of the present invention are reflected in the following points:
引入移动式应急资源辅助故障区域负荷恢复可以有效提高一般负荷及重要负荷的恢复率，其具体对比结果可以参考图4和图5；Introducing mobile emergency resources to assist load recovery in fault areas can effectively improve the recovery rate of general loads and important loads. For specific comparison results, please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5;
通过在RC修复故障点后将故障区域重构接入孤岛融合恢复区域，以及对未融合孤岛DG发电资源不足宕机后重构接入孤岛融合区域，可以维持更多重要负荷长时间正常供电，整体恢复效果更优，如图4、图5所示；By reconfiguring the faulty area and connecting it to the island fusion recovery area after the RC repairs the fault point, and by reconstructing and connecting the unintegrated island DG power generation resources to the island fusion area after the DG power generation resources are insufficient and down, more important loads can be maintained to be supplied normally for a long time. The overall recovery effect is better, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5;
基于多孤岛模式，进行孤岛融合可以更好发挥多源协同供电优势，深化不同孤岛间电源互动，提高发电资源利用率，经济效益更好，如表1所示。Based on the multi-island model, island fusion can better leverage the advantages of multi-source collaborative power supply, deepen the power supply interaction between different islands, improve the utilization of power generation resources, and achieve better economic benefits, as shown in Table 1.
表1负荷恢复情况Table 1 Load recovery situation
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limiting. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention can be modified. Modifications or equivalent substitutions without departing from the purpose and scope of the technical solution shall be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
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| CN119543329A (en)* | 2024-11-29 | 2025-02-28 | 合肥工业大学 | A distribution network fault restoration method considering island fusion conditions |
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