技术领域Technical field
本申请属于新能源汽车技术领域，进一步涉及车载电池管理技术，具体提供一种电池充放电综合管理系统及方法。This application belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicles, further relates to vehicle battery management technology, and specifically provides a comprehensive battery charge and discharge management system and method.
背景技术Background technique
对于电动汽车的电池模组进行充、放电综合管理是新能源汽车控制技术的重要组成部分，合理地进行电池模组的充电、放电控制，不仅是保证新能源汽车安全运行的需要，也能够有效地延长电池模组的健康状态及使用寿命。Comprehensive management of charging and discharging of battery modules of electric vehicles is an important part of new energy vehicle control technology. Proper charging and discharging control of battery modules is not only necessary to ensure the safe operation of new energy vehicles, but also can effectively Maximize the health and service life of the battery module.
现有的电池管理方案一般通过电池管理芯片持续地对电池模组进行监控，将采集到的数据反馈至整车的主控单元(VCU)，然后通过通信线路接收VCU的控制指令，然而，由于作为整车控制核心的VCU需要承担大量的通信及计算任务，包括与车辆各类传感器进行通信，接收各种传感器数据，进行车辆路径规划、导航、姿态感知、环境建模、突发事件监测等，如果对电池模组的监控占用了不必要的通信及计算资源，势必对整车控制的精确性及安全性产生影响。Existing battery management solutions generally continuously monitor the battery module through the battery management chip, feedback the collected data to the vehicle's main control unit (VCU), and then receive the VCU's control instructions through the communication line. However, due to As the core of vehicle control, VCU needs to undertake a large number of communication and computing tasks, including communicating with various sensors of the vehicle, receiving various sensor data, and performing vehicle path planning, navigation, attitude perception, environment modeling, emergency monitoring, etc. , if the monitoring of the battery module takes up unnecessary communication and computing resources, it will inevitably have an impact on the accuracy and safety of the vehicle control.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本申请的目的在于提供一种电池充放电综合管理系统及方法，能够在不占用主控单元计算资源及通信资源的基础上，自主地实现充放电控制功能的启动，并根据实际应用场景独立地控制充电端口与放电端口的带电情况。The purpose of this application is to provide a comprehensive battery charge and discharge management system and method that can independently realize the startup of the charge and discharge control function without occupying the computing resources and communication resources of the main control unit, and independently realize the activation of the charge and discharge control function according to the actual application scenario. Control the charging status of the charging port and discharging port.
本申请的第一方面提供一种电池充放电综合管理系统，包括主控单元、电池管理单元、电池模组及至少一个启动模块；The first aspect of this application provides a comprehensive battery charge and discharge management system, including a main control unit, a battery management unit, a battery module and at least one startup module;
所述电池管理单元基于半分口模式控制所述电池模组通过放电端口为用电设备进行供电，以及通过接入充电端口的充电设备进行充电；The battery management unit controls the battery module to supply power to the electrical equipment through the discharge port based on the semi-split mode, and to charge the charging equipment connected to the charging port;
所述至少一个启动模块通过以下动作中的至少一个启动所述电池管理单元：接收到所述主控单元的高电平或低电平信号、手动启动、接入充电设备；The at least one startup module starts the battery management unit through at least one of the following actions: receiving a high-level or low-level signal from the main control unit, manually starting, and accessing a charging device;
所述主控单元与所述电池管理单元之间无任何通信连接。There is no communication connection between the main control unit and the battery management unit.
进一步地，所述半分口模式具体为：所述充电端口和所述放电端口具有同口的充放电正极，以及分口的充电负极和放电负极；所述充放电正极与所述电池模组的正极连接，所述充电负极和放电负极在所述电池管理单元的控制下切换与所述电池模组的负极的通断。Further, the half-split port mode is specifically: the charging port and the discharging port have a charging and discharging positive electrode in the same port, and a charging negative electrode and a discharging negative electrode in separate ports; the charging and discharging positive electrode is connected to the battery module. The positive electrode is connected, and the charging negative electrode and the discharging negative electrode are switched on and off with the negative electrode of the battery module under the control of the battery management unit.
进一步地，所述电池管理单元包括电池管理芯片、充电控制电路及放电控制电路；Further, the battery management unit includes a battery management chip, a charging control circuit and a discharging control circuit;
所述电池管理芯片包括电源输入端、模式切换端，充电控制端及放电控制端，所述电源输入端与电池正极连接，所述模式切换端用于接收所述至少一个启动模块发送的启动信号，所述充电控制端用于输出充电控制信号，所述放电控制端用于输出放电控制信号；The battery management chip includes a power input terminal, a mode switching terminal, a charging control terminal and a discharge control terminal. The power input terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the battery. The mode switching terminal is used to receive a startup signal sent by the at least one startup module. , the charging control terminal is used to output a charging control signal, and the discharge control terminal is used to output a discharging control signal;
所述充电控制电路基于所述充电控制信号以及所述充电设备的接入情况控制所述充电负极与所述电池模组的负极的通断；The charging control circuit controls the connection between the charging negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module based on the charging control signal and the access status of the charging equipment;
所述放电控制电路基于所述放电控制信号控制所述放电负极与所述电池模组的负极的通断。The discharge control circuit controls the connection between the discharge negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module based on the discharge control signal.
优选地，所述启动信号为与所述电池模组的正极具有相同电压的高电平信号。Preferably, the start signal is a high-level signal with the same voltage as the positive electrode of the battery module.
优选地，所述启动模块包括以下电路中的至少一种：Preferably, the startup module includes at least one of the following circuits:
主控单元启动电路、手动启动电路、充电设备接入启动电路；Main control unit starting circuit, manual starting circuit, charging equipment access starting circuit;
所述主控单元启动电路在接收到所述主控单元的高电平或低电平信号时接通所述电池模组的正极与所述模式切换端，否则断开所述电池模组的正极与所述模式切换端；The main control unit startup circuit connects the positive electrode of the battery module and the mode switching terminal when receiving a high-level or low-level signal from the main control unit; otherwise, it disconnects the positive electrode of the battery module. The positive electrode and the mode switching terminal;
所述手动启动电路用于手动接通或断开所述电池模组的正极与所述模式切换端的连接；The manual start circuit is used to manually connect or disconnect the positive electrode of the battery module and the mode switching terminal;
所述充电设备接入启动电路在所述充电设备接入时接通所述电池模组的正极与所述模式切换端，以及在所述充电设备移除时断开所述电池模组的正极与所述模式切换端。The charging equipment access start circuit connects the positive electrode of the battery module and the mode switching terminal when the charging equipment is connected, and disconnects the positive electrode of the battery module when the charging equipment is removed. with the mode switch terminal.
进一步地，所述充电控制电路包括第一开关管、第一继电器；Further, the charging control circuit includes a first switch tube and a first relay;
所述第一开关管的G极用于输入所述充电控制端的充电控制信号，S极连接第一继电器的开关的一端，D极连接第一继电器的线圈的一端，第一继电器的开关的另一端连接电池模组的负极，第一继电器的线圈的另一端连接充放电正极。The G pole of the first switch tube is used to input the charging control signal of the charging control terminal, the S pole is connected to one end of the switch of the first relay, the D pole is connected to one end of the coil of the first relay, and the other end of the switch of the first relay is connected. One end is connected to the negative electrode of the battery module, and the other end of the coil of the first relay is connected to the positive electrode of charging and discharging.
优选地，所述充电控制电路还包括充电保护电路；Preferably, the charging control circuit further includes a charging protection circuit;
所述充电保护电路包括充电自保护光耦和限流电阻，所述充电自保护光耦的第一输入端通过限流电阻与充电设备的正极连接，第二输入端与充电设备的负极连接，第一输出端与所述充电控制端连接，第二输出端与所述第一开关管的使能端连接。The charging protection circuit includes a charging self-protecting optocoupler and a current-limiting resistor. The first input end of the charging self-protecting optocoupler is connected to the positive pole of the charging device through the current-limiting resistor, and the second input end is connected to the negative pole of the charging device. The first output terminal is connected to the charging control terminal, and the second output terminal is connected to the enable terminal of the first switch tube.
进一步地，所述放电控制电路包括第二开关管、第二继电器；Further, the discharge control circuit includes a second switch tube and a second relay;
所述第二开关管G极与所述放电控制端连接，S极与电池负极连接，D极与所述第二继电器的线圈的一端连接，所述第二继电器的线圈的另一端与所述充放电正极连接，所述第二继电器的开关的两端分别与所述电池负极和所述放电负极连接。优选地，所述主控单元通过所述电池模组供电。The G pole of the second switch tube is connected to the discharge control terminal, the S pole is connected to the negative pole of the battery, the D pole is connected to one end of the coil of the second relay, and the other end of the coil of the second relay is connected to the The positive electrode of charge and discharge is connected, and both ends of the switch of the second relay are connected to the negative electrode of the battery and the negative electrode of discharge respectively. Preferably, the main control unit is powered by the battery module.
本申请的第二方面提供一种电池充放电综合管理方法，通过前述的电池充放电综合管理系统对电池模组的充电及放电过程进行管理，包括以下操作：The second aspect of this application provides a comprehensive battery charge and discharge management method, which manages the charging and discharging process of the battery module through the aforementioned comprehensive battery charge and discharge management system, including the following operations:
操作一，当电池管理单元处于休眠状态时，断开电池模组的负极与充电负极的连接，以及断开电池模组的负极与放电负极的连接；Operation 1: When the battery management unit is in the sleep state, disconnect the negative electrode of the battery module from the charging negative electrode, and disconnect the negative electrode of the battery module from the discharging negative electrode;
操作二，基于以下动作中的至少一种启动电池管理单元：接收到所述主控单元的高电平或低电平信号、手动启动、接入充电设备；Operation two: start the battery management unit based on at least one of the following actions: receiving a high-level or low-level signal from the main control unit, manually starting, or accessing the charging device;
操作三，当电池管理单元处于启动状态时，通过所述电池管理单元控制所述充电负极与所述电池模组的负极的通断，以及所述放电负极与所述电池模组的负极的通断，其中，当充电设备未接入时，断开所述充电负极与所述电池模组的负极。Operation 3: When the battery management unit is in the activated state, the battery management unit controls the connection between the charging negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module, and the connection between the discharge negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module. disconnect, wherein when the charging device is not connected, the charging negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module are disconnected.
本申请的实施例提供的电池充放电综合管理系统及方法，能够在主控单元与电池管理单元之间无任何通信连接的情况下，根据各种应用场景自动地启动，并选择相应的充电、放电模式对电池模组的充放电进行独立地控制，有效地节约主控单元的通信与计算资源，有利于提升整车控制的精确性及安全性。The comprehensive battery charging and discharging management system and method provided by the embodiments of the present application can automatically start according to various application scenarios and select corresponding charging, The discharge mode independently controls the charge and discharge of the battery module, effectively saving the communication and computing resources of the main control unit, and helping to improve the accuracy and safety of vehicle control.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为根据本申请实施例提供的电池充放电综合管理系统的架构图，Figure 1 is an architecture diagram of a comprehensive battery charge and discharge management system provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
图2为根据本申请实施例的电池管理单元处于休眠状态时的充放电端口通断示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the charging and discharging ports on and off when the battery management unit is in a sleep state according to an embodiment of the present application;
图3为根据本申请实施例的电池管理单元处于放电状态时的充放电端口通断示意图；Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the charging and discharging ports on and off when the battery management unit is in a discharging state according to an embodiment of the present application;
图4为根据本申请实施例的电池管理单元处于充放电状态时的充放电端口通断示意图；Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the charging and discharging ports on and off when the battery management unit is in a charging and discharging state according to an embodiment of the present application;
图5为根据本申请实施例提供的电池充放电综合管理系统的控制状态转换流程图；Figure 5 is a control state transition flow chart of the battery charge and discharge comprehensive management system provided according to an embodiment of the present application;
图6为根据本申请实施例提供的充电设备接入启动电路的电路原理图；Figure 6 is a circuit schematic diagram of a charging device access start circuit provided according to an embodiment of the present application;
图7为根据本申请实施例提供的主控单元启动电路的电路原理图；Figure 7 is a circuit schematic diagram of a main control unit startup circuit provided according to an embodiment of the present application;
图8为根据本申请实施例提供的充电控制电路的电路原理图；Figure 8 is a circuit schematic diagram of a charging control circuit provided according to an embodiment of the present application;
图9为根据本申请实施例提供的放电控制电路的电路原理图；Figure 9 is a circuit schematic diagram of a discharge control circuit provided according to an embodiment of the present application;
图10为根据本申请实施例提供的电池充放电综合管理方法的示意图。Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of a comprehensive battery charge and discharge management method provided according to an embodiment of the present application.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下，基于优选的实施方式并参照附图对本申请进行进一步说明。Hereinafter, the present application will be further described based on preferred embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
此外，为了方便理解，放大或者缩小了图纸上的各种构件，但这种做法不是为了限制本申请的保护范围。In addition, various components in the drawings are enlarged or reduced to facilitate understanding, but this is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.
在本申请实施例中的描述中，需要说明的是，为了区分不同的单元，本说明书上用了第一、第二等词汇，但这些不会受到制造的顺序限制，也不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性，其在本申请的详细说明与权利要求书上，其名称可能会不同。In the description of the embodiments of the present application, it should be noted that in order to distinguish different units, terms such as first and second are used in this specification, but these will not be limited by the order of manufacture, nor can they be understood as instructions or To imply relative importance, their names may differ in the detailed description and claims of this application.
本说明书中词汇是为了说明本申请的实施例而使用的，但不是试图要限制本申请。还需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，若出现术语“设置”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接连接，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的技术人员而言，可以具体理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。The vocabulary in this specification is used to describe the embodiments of the present application, but is not intended to limit the present application. It should also be noted that unless otherwise clearly stated and limited, the terms "set", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection. Ground connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediary, or an internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can specifically understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application.
本申请提供一种电池充放电综合管理系统，图1示出了在一些实施例中，该电池充放电综合管理系统的架构，如图1所示，该电池充放电综合管理系统包括主控单元、电池管理单元、电池模组及至少一个启动模块(图1中分别以启动模块1、启动模块2及启动模块3表示)，同时，特别需要指出的是，如图1所示，主控单元与电池管理单元之间无任何通信连接，即主控单元与电池管理单元之间并不设置常见的如CAN、LIN、SENT等通信连接，而是由电池管理单元根据具体的充放电场景自主地进行休眠、启动及对充放电过程的控制。The present application provides a battery charge and discharge integrated management system. Figure 1 shows the architecture of the battery charge and discharge integrated management system in some embodiments. As shown in Figure 1, the battery charge and discharge integrated management system includes a main control unit. , battery management unit, battery module and at least one startup module (represented by startup module 1, startup module 2 and startup module 3 respectively in Figure 1). At the same time, it is particularly important to point out that, as shown in Figure 1, the main control unit There is no communication connection with the battery management unit, that is, there is no common communication connection such as CAN, LIN, SENT, etc. between the main control unit and the battery management unit. Instead, the battery management unit autonomously performs the tasks according to the specific charging and discharging scenarios. Carry out sleep, startup and control of the charging and discharging process.
在一些具体的实施例中，本申请所提供的电池充放电综合管理系统可以应用于对新能源汽车的车载电池的充放电管理，此时，主控单元一般为新能源汽车的整车控制器(VCU)，用电设备可以是驱动新能源汽车行驶的电机。In some specific embodiments, the comprehensive battery charge and discharge management system provided by this application can be applied to the charge and discharge management of on-board batteries of new energy vehicles. In this case, the main control unit is generally the vehicle controller of the new energy vehicle. (VCU), the electrical equipment can be the motor that drives the new energy vehicle.
进一步地，在本申请的实施例中，电池管理单元基于半分口模式控制电池模组通过放电端口为用电设备进行供电，以及通过接入充电端口的充电设备进行充电。Further, in the embodiment of the present application, the battery management unit controls the battery module to supply power to the electrical equipment through the discharge port based on the semi-split mode, and to charge through the charging equipment connected to the charging port.
在现有的对新能源汽车的车载电池进行充放电管理的方案中，半分口模式是较为常见的一种，其既能够实现充电、放电操作各自独立进行，又无需构造完全分离的充电、放电架构。在一些具体的实施例中，半分口模式可以如图1所示进行设置：充电端口和放电端口具有同口的充放电正极B+，且该充放电正极B+直接连接至电池模组的正极；充电负极C-和放电负极P-各自分离，且各自在电池管理单元的控制下切换与电池模组的负极(图中以接地的B-表示)的通断，从而实现电池充放电综合管理。Among the existing solutions for charge and discharge management of on-board batteries of new energy vehicles, the semi-split mode is a relatively common one, which can realize independent charging and discharging operations without the need to construct completely separated charging and discharging operations. architecture. In some specific embodiments, the half-split port mode can be set as shown in Figure 1: the charging port and the discharging port have a charging and discharging positive electrode B+ in the same port, and the charging and discharging positive electrode B+ is directly connected to the positive electrode of the battery module; charging The negative electrode C- and the discharge negative electrode P- are separated, and each is switched on and off with the negative electrode of the battery module (represented by grounded B- in the figure) under the control of the battery management unit, thereby achieving comprehensive management of battery charge and discharge.
此外，如图1所示，在一些优选的实施例中，主控单元通过电池模组进行供电(一般地，当主控单元的供电电压与电池模组的输出电压不一致时，还需要进行电压转换)。In addition, as shown in Figure 1, in some preferred embodiments, the main control unit is powered by the battery module (generally, when the power supply voltage of the main control unit is inconsistent with the output voltage of the battery module, a voltage test is also required. conversion).
以下结合附图，对该电池充放电综合管理系统的各部分进行详细介绍。The following is a detailed introduction to each part of the battery charge and discharge integrated management system in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
[自主启动机制][Autonomous startup mechanism]
由于本申请所提供的充放电综合管理系统无需使电池管理芯片一直处于工作状态，而仅需在产生实际的充电或放电需求时将其启动，因此，需要在考虑各种充放电应用场景的基础上进行启动机制的设计，为此，在本申请的实施例中，启动模块包括图1所示的启动模块1、启动模块2和启动模块3中的1个或2个或3个，其中，启动模块1在接收到主控单元的高电平或低电平信号后向电池管理单元输出启动信号；启动模块2在按键被手动按下后向电池管理单元发出启动信号；启动模块3在监测到充电设备接入时向电池管理单元发出启动信号。Since the comprehensive charge and discharge management system provided by this application does not require the battery management chip to be in working state all the time, but only needs to start it when actual charging or discharging needs are generated, it is necessary to consider various charging and discharging application scenarios. The startup mechanism is designed. To this end, in the embodiment of the present application, the startup module includes one, two, or three of startup module 1, startup module 2, and startup module 3 shown in Figure 1, where, The startup module 1 outputs a startup signal to the battery management unit after receiving a high-level or low-level signal from the main control unit; the startup module 2 sends a startup signal to the battery management unit after the button is manually pressed; the startup module 3 is monitoring When the charging device is connected, a start signal is sent to the battery management unit.
上述启动模块能够在主控单元与电池管理单元之间无任何通信连接的情况下，根据各种应用场景自动地启动对电池模组充放电的管理，并在无需进行充放电时通过断开电池模组的负极与充电负极C-，放电负极P-的连接，保证充、放电端口不带电，这种对充放电过程的控制方式其特别适用对新能源汽车的车载电池的综合管理，因为对于受电机驱动的新能源汽车，其主控单元(VCU)需要承担大量的通信及计算任务，如与车辆各类传感器进行通信，接收各种传感器数据，进行车辆路径规划、导航、姿态感知、环境建模、突发事件监测等，因此，自主地启动并接管对电池的管理，将有效地节约主控单元的通信与计算资源，有利于提升整车控制的精确性及安全性。The above startup module can automatically start the management of charge and discharge of the battery module according to various application scenarios without any communication connection between the main control unit and the battery management unit, and can disconnect the battery when charging and discharging are not required. The negative electrode of the module is connected to the charging negative electrode C- and the discharging negative electrode P- to ensure that the charging and discharging ports are not charged. This method of controlling the charging and discharging process is especially suitable for the comprehensive management of on-board batteries of new energy vehicles, because for The main control unit (VCU) of a new energy vehicle driven by a motor needs to undertake a large number of communication and computing tasks, such as communicating with various sensors of the vehicle, receiving various sensor data, and performing vehicle path planning, navigation, attitude perception, and environment Modeling, emergency monitoring, etc. Therefore, autonomously starting and taking over the management of the battery will effectively save the communication and computing resources of the main control unit and help improve the accuracy and safety of vehicle control.
具体地，对于新能源汽车车载电池的充放电管理，上述三个启动模块分别对应于三种需要启动充放电的场景：场景一，整车VCU启动后，通过向启动模块1发送高电平或低电平信号启动电池管理单元，并由电池管理单元接管控制充放电；场景二，整车VCU处于休眠或待机时，此时需要对充放电功能等进行检测、信息采集，或需要由车载电池作为电源为其他用电设备供电时，手动启动电池管理单元；场景三，整车VCU处于休眠或待机时充电接口插入充电接头，此时电池管理单元被充电设备接入动作启动并进行充放电管理。Specifically, for the charge and discharge management of new energy vehicle on-board batteries, the above three startup modules respectively correspond to three scenarios that need to start charging and discharging: Scenario 1, after the vehicle VCU is started, by sending a high level or The low-level signal starts the battery management unit, and the battery management unit takes over the control of charging and discharging; Scenario 2: When the vehicle VCU is in sleep or standby, the charging and discharging functions need to be detected and information collected, or the vehicle battery needs to be When used as a power source to supply power to other electrical equipment, the battery management unit is manually started. Scenario 3: When the vehicle VCU is in sleep or standby, the charging interface is inserted into the charging connector. At this time, the battery management unit is activated by the charging device and performs charge and discharge management. .
电池管理单元在接收到上述至少一个启动模块发出的启动信号后被启动，并接管对电池模组的充放电管理(即切换充电负极C-、放电负极P-与电池模组的负极之间的通断状态)，如果未接收到任何启动信号，则进入休眠状态，并确保充电负极C-，放电负极P-与电池模组的负极均处于断开的状态。The battery management unit is started after receiving the start signal from at least one of the above start-up modules, and takes over the charge and discharge management of the battery module (that is, switching the charging negative electrode C-, the discharge negative electrode P- and the negative electrode of the battery module). On-off state), if no start signal is received, it will enter the sleep state and ensure that the charging negative electrode C-, the discharging negative electrode P- and the negative electrode of the battery module are all disconnected.
在一些优选的实施例中，上述各个启动模块各自包括以下电路：启动模块1包括主控单元启动电路，启动模块2包括手动启动电路，启动模块3包括充电设备接入启动电路，其中，主控单元启动电路在接收到主控单元的高电平或低电平信号时接通电池模组的正极与模式切换端，否则断开电池模组的正极与模式切换端；手动启动电路用于手动接通或断开电池模组的正极与模式切换端的连接；充电设备接入启动电路在充电设备接入时接通电池模组的正极与所述模式切换端，以及在充电设备移除时断开电池模组的正极与模式切换端。In some preferred embodiments, each of the above startup modules includes the following circuits: startup module 1 includes a main control unit startup circuit, startup module 2 includes a manual startup circuit, and startup module 3 includes a charging device access startup circuit, where the main control unit The unit start circuit connects the positive pole and mode switching terminal of the battery module when receiving a high-level or low-level signal from the main control unit, otherwise it disconnects the positive pole and mode switching terminal of the battery module; the manual start circuit is used for manual Connect or disconnect the positive electrode of the battery module and the mode switching terminal; the charging equipment access startup circuit connects the positive electrode of the battery module and the mode switching terminal when the charging equipment is connected, and disconnects when the charging equipment is removed. Open the positive terminal and mode switching terminal of the battery module.
[带充电保护的充放电管理机制][Charge and discharge management mechanism with charging protection]
图2至图4分别示出了在一些优选的实施例中，电池管理单元的状态示意图，其中，图2所示的电池管理单元处于休眠状态，图3所示的电池管理单元处于放电状态，图4所示的电池管理单元处于充放电状态，如图2至图4所示，电池管理单元包括电池管理芯片、充电控制电路及放电控制电路。Figures 2 to 4 respectively show schematic diagrams of the status of the battery management unit in some preferred embodiments, wherein the battery management unit shown in Figure 2 is in a sleep state, and the battery management unit shown in Figure 3 is in a discharge state. The battery management unit shown in Figure 4 is in a charging and discharging state. As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the battery management unit includes a battery management chip, a charge control circuit and a discharge control circuit.
其中，电池管理芯片包括电源输入端(VBAT)、模式切换端(SHIP)、充电控制端(CHG)及放电控制端(DSG)，电源输入端与电池正极连接，模式切换端用于接收至少一个启动模块发送的启动信号，充电控制端用于输出充电控制信号，放电控制端用于输出放电控制信号；充电控制电路基于充电控制信号以及充电设备的接入情况控制充电负极与电池模组的负极的通断；放电控制电路基于放电控制信号控制放电负极与电池模组的负极的通断。Among them, the battery management chip includes a power input terminal (VBAT), a mode switching terminal (SHIP), a charging control terminal (CHG) and a discharge control terminal (DSG). The power input terminal is connected to the positive electrode of the battery, and the mode switching terminal is used to receive at least one The start signal sent by the start module, the charging control terminal is used to output the charging control signal, and the discharge control terminal is used to output the discharge control signal; the charging control circuit controls the charging negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module based on the charging control signal and the access status of the charging equipment. On and off; the discharge control circuit controls the on and off of the discharge negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module based on the discharge control signal.
在一些优选的实施例中，启动信号为与电池模组的正极具有相同电压的高电平信号，即，当模式切换端与电源输入端处于断路状态时，电池管理芯片处于休眠状态，其充电控制端与放电控制端处于浮空状态，此时电池模组的负极与充电负极C-、放电负极P-的连接均被断开(如图2所示)，充电、放电端口均不带电，从而保证了休眠状态下的安全。In some preferred embodiments, the startup signal is a high-level signal with the same voltage as the positive electrode of the battery module, that is, when the mode switching terminal and the power input terminal are in an open circuit state, the battery management chip is in a sleep state and its charging The control terminal and the discharge control terminal are in a floating state. At this time, the negative electrode of the battery module is disconnected from the charging negative electrode C- and the discharge negative electrode P- (as shown in Figure 2). The charging and discharging ports are not charged. This ensures safety in the dormant state.
当模式切换端与电源输入端处于短接状态时，电池管理芯片被启动，并由其接管对充放电的控制。其中，如果在电池管理芯片被启动后，并无充电设备接入，或者充电设备被移除(如图3所示)，则此时只有放电负极P-与电池模组的负极接通，电池模组对用电设备进行供电，充电端口并不带电，以避免在充电端口空闲状态时发生触电等问题，实现充电端口“只充不放”的安全保护。When the mode switching terminal and the power input terminal are in a short-circuit state, the battery management chip is activated and takes over the control of charging and discharging. Among them, if no charging equipment is connected after the battery management chip is activated, or the charging equipment is removed (as shown in Figure 3), then only the discharge negative electrode P- is connected to the negative electrode of the battery module, and the battery The module supplies power to electrical equipment, and the charging port is not powered to avoid problems such as electric shock when the charging port is idle, and to achieve the safety protection of "only charging but not discharging" of the charging port.
如果电池管理芯片被启动时，充电设备处于接入情况，或者在电池模组对用电设备的供电过程中有充电设备被接入(如图4所示)，则此时充电负极C-、放电负极P-与电池模组的负极均被导通，从而实现充、放电的同时进行。If the charging equipment is connected when the battery management chip is activated, or a charging equipment is connected while the battery module is supplying power to the electrical equipment (as shown in Figure 4), then the charging negative electrode C-, The discharge negative electrode P- and the negative electrode of the battery module are both connected, thereby enabling simultaneous charging and discharging.
[电池管理单元在不同状态之间的转换][Transition of the battery management unit between different states]
图5示出了根据本申请提供的电池充放电综合管理系统进行电池的充放电管理时，电池管理单元在不同状态之间转换的过程。如图5所示：Figure 5 shows the process of the battery management unit switching between different states when the battery charge and discharge management is performed according to the comprehensive battery charge and discharge management system provided by this application. As shown in Figure 5:
1)当电池控制芯片处于休眠状态时，充电负极C-与电池模组的负极，放电负极P-与电池模组的负极均被电池控制芯片断开，此时电池模组既不可放电也不可充电；1) When the battery control chip is in sleep state, the charging negative electrode C- and the negative electrode of the battery module, and the discharging negative electrode P- and the negative electrode of the battery module are disconnected by the battery control chip. At this time, the battery module can neither be discharged nor Charge;
2)当电池控制芯片在休眠状态下有充电设备接入充电端口时，电池控制芯片被启动，此时由于充电设备处于接入状态，电池控制芯片控制充电负极C-与电池模组的负极接通，充电设备能够正常对电池模组充电，同时放电负极P-与电池模组的负极也被接通，电池模组能够正常对用电设备放电，此时电池模组既可充电也可放电；2) When the battery control chip is in the dormant state and a charging device is connected to the charging port, the battery control chip is activated. At this time, since the charging device is in the connected state, the battery control chip controls the charging negative electrode C- to connect with the negative electrode of the battery module. The charging equipment can charge the battery module normally. At the same time, the discharge negative electrode P- and the negative electrode of the battery module are also connected. The battery module can discharge the electrical equipment normally. At this time, the battery module can both charge and discharge. ;
3)当电池控制芯片在休眠状态下有自主控单元发送的高电平或低电平触发信号，或者通过手动按键触发时，电池控制芯片被启动，此时由于没有充电设备接入，因此只有放电负极P-和电池模组的负极接通，使得电池模组能够正常对用电设备供电，充电负极C-仍保持与电池模组的负极的断开状态，从而保证充电端口不带电，避免空闲的充电端口被误触电，此时电池模组仅可放电不可充电；3) When the battery control chip has a high-level or low-level trigger signal sent by the main control unit in the sleep state, or is triggered by a manual button, the battery control chip is started. At this time, since there is no charging equipment connected, there is only The discharge negative electrode P- is connected to the negative electrode of the battery module, so that the battery module can normally supply power to the electrical equipment. The charging negative electrode C- remains disconnected from the negative electrode of the battery module, thereby ensuring that the charging port is not charged and avoids If the idle charging port is accidentally electrocuted, the battery module can only be discharged but not recharged;
4)当电池控制芯片在启动状态下其充电设备被移除时，电池管理单元根据充电设备情况的变化断开充电负极C-与电池模组的负极，但仍保持放电负极P-与电池模组的负极的连接，使得电池模组进入仅可放电不可充电的状态；4) When the charging device of the battery control chip is removed in the startup state, the battery management unit disconnects the charging negative electrode C- from the negative electrode of the battery module according to changes in the charging equipment conditions, but still maintains the discharge negative electrode P- from the battery module. The connection of the negative pole of the battery pack puts the battery module into a state where it can only be discharged but not recharged;
5)当电池控制芯片在启动状态下接入充电设备时，电池管理单元根据充电设备情况的变化接通充电负极C-与电池模组的负极，同时仍保持放电负极P-与电池模组的负极的连接，使得电池模组进入既可放电也可充电的状态；5) When the battery control chip is connected to the charging equipment in the startup state, the battery management unit connects the charging negative electrode C- to the negative electrode of the battery module according to changes in the charging equipment conditions, while still maintaining the connection between the discharge negative electrode P- and the battery module. The connection of the negative pole puts the battery module into a state where it can be both discharged and charged;
6)当任意一个启动模块均不被触发时，电池控制芯片重新进入休眠状态，并再次断开充电负极C-、放电负极P-与电池模组的负极的连接。6) When any startup module is not triggered, the battery control chip re-enters the sleep state and disconnects the charging negative electrode C-, the discharging negative electrode P- and the negative electrode of the battery module again.
[具体实施例][Specific embodiments]
图6至图9分别示出了一个具体的实施例中，充电设备接入启动电路、主控单元启动电路、充电控制电路和放电控制电路的电路原理图。Figures 6 to 9 respectively show circuit schematic diagrams of the charging device access start circuit, the main control unit start circuit, the charging control circuit and the discharge control circuit in a specific embodiment.
如图6所示，充电设备接入启动电路包括第一光耦J1、第一电阻R16以及一个低电平使能的开关管Q1，其中第一光耦J1的第一输入端通过第一电阻R16连接充放电正极，第二端连接充电负极，第一输出端接地，第二输出端连接开关管Q1的使能端，开关管Q1的两端分别连接电池管理芯片的电源输入端VBAT和模式切换端SHIP，当充电设备接入时，第一光耦J1的发光二极管发光并触发其第二输出端接地，从而将低电平信号发送至开关管Q1的使能端，开关管Q1被接通后，使电池管理芯片的电源输入端与模式切换端接通，从而从休眠状态启动。As shown in Figure 6, the charging equipment access startup circuit includes a first optocoupler J1, a first resistor R16 and a low-level enabled switch Q1, in which the first input end of the first optocoupler J1 passes through the first resistor. R16 is connected to the positive electrode of charge and discharge, the second end is connected to the negative electrode of charging, the first output end is connected to ground, the second output end is connected to the enable end of switch tube Q1, and both ends of switch tube Q1 are connected to the power input terminal VBAT and mode of the battery management chip respectively. Switch terminal SHIP, when the charging device is connected, the light-emitting diode of the first optocoupler J1 emits light and triggers its second output terminal to ground, thereby sending a low-level signal to the enable terminal of the switch tube Q1, and the switch tube Q1 is connected After it is connected, the power input terminal of the battery management chip and the mode switching terminal are connected to start from the sleep state.
如图7所示，主控单元启动电路包括第二光耦J3、第二电阻R19及一个低电平使能的开关管Q1(即主控单元启动电路可以与充电设备接入启动电路共用同一个开关管)，其中第二光耦J3的第一输入端用于接入电池正极，第二端作为充电负极P-与第二电阻R19的第一端连接，第一输出端接地，第二输出端连接开关管Q1的使能端，开关管Q1的两端分别连接电池管理芯片的电源输入端VBAT和模式切换端SHIP，第二光耦J3的第一端与第二电阻R19的第二端通过主控单元发送的高电平或低电平信号控制通断，例如，使用一个低电平导通的MOS管，当主控单元发送低电平时被导通(反之亦然)，此时第二光耦J3的发光二极管发光并触发其第二输出端接地，从而将低电平信号发送至开关管Q1的使能端，开关管Q1被接通后，使电池管理芯片的电源输入端与模式切换端接通，从而从休眠状态启动。As shown in Figure 7, the main control unit startup circuit includes a second optocoupler J3, a second resistor R19 and a low-level enabled switch tube Q1 (that is, the main control unit startup circuit can share the same source as the charging equipment access startup circuit). a switching tube), in which the first input end of the second optocoupler J3 is used to connect to the positive electrode of the battery, the second end is used as the charging negative electrode P- and is connected to the first end of the second resistor R19, the first output end is grounded, and the second The output terminal is connected to the enable terminal of the switch tube Q1. The two ends of the switch tube Q1 are respectively connected to the power input terminal VBAT and the mode switching terminal SHIP of the battery management chip. The first terminal of the second optocoupler J3 is connected to the second terminal of the second resistor R19. The terminal is controlled by the high-level or low-level signal sent by the main control unit. For example, a MOS tube with a low-level conduction is used. When the main control unit sends a low-level, it is turned on (and vice versa). This When the light-emitting diode of the second optocoupler J3 emits light and triggers its second output terminal to be grounded, a low-level signal is sent to the enable terminal of the switch tube Q1. After the switch tube Q1 is turned on, the power input of the battery management chip is The terminal is connected to the mode switching terminal to start from the sleep state.
手动启动电路可以使用本领域技术人员所熟知的各类机械式按键开关构成，例如采用一种弹起式按键，其两个触点分别与电池管理芯片的电源输入端VBAT和模式切换端SHIP连接，在按键被按下时导通VBAT端与SHIP端，在抬起时则断开两者的连接。The manual start circuit can be composed of various mechanical key switches well known to those skilled in the art. For example, a pop-up key is used, and its two contacts are respectively connected to the power input terminal VBAT and the mode switching terminal SHIP of the battery management chip. , when the button is pressed, the VBAT terminal and SHIP terminal are turned on, and when the button is lifted, the connection between the two is disconnected.
如图8所示，充电控制电路包括第一开关管Q9、第一继电器JK1及充电保护电路，其中，第一开关管Q9的使能端(G极)用于输入充电控制端CHG的充电控制信号，其S极连接第一继电器JK1的开关的一端，D极连接第一继电器JK1的线圈的一端，第一继电器的开关的另一端连接电池模组的负极，第一继电器JK1的线圈的另一端连接充放电正极B+。其中，第一开关管Q9用于控制充电负极与第一继电器JK的线圈的一端的通断，第一继电器JK1根据其线圈两端是否具有电位差控制充电负极C-与电池模组的负极的通断。As shown in Figure 8, the charging control circuit includes a first switch Q9, a first relay JK1 and a charging protection circuit. The enable terminal (G pole) of the first switch Q9 is used to input the charging control of the charging control terminal CHG. signal, its S pole is connected to one end of the switch of the first relay JK1, its D pole is connected to one end of the coil of the first relay JK1, the other end of the switch of the first relay is connected to the negative pole of the battery module, and the other end of the coil of the first relay JK1 One end is connected to the charging and discharging positive electrode B+. Among them, the first switch Q9 is used to control the connection between the charging negative electrode and one end of the coil of the first relay JK. The first relay JK1 controls the connection between the charging negative electrode C- and the negative electrode of the battery module according to whether there is a potential difference at both ends of the coil. On and off.
具体地，电池保护芯片U1被触发后启动，并通过CHG端输出高电平的充电控制信号，此时第一开关管Q9被导通，第一继电器JK1的线圈两端分别与充放电正极B+和充电负极C-等电位，此时，如果未有充电设备接入，则充电负极C-处于浮空状态，第一继电器JK1的开关不被吸合，因此电池模组的负极与充电负极C-并不接通，充电负极C-不带电，当有充电设备接入时，第一继电器JK1的线圈的两端形成电位差，从而吸合其开关并使电池模组的负极与充电负极C-接通，进入正常充电。Specifically, the battery protection chip U1 is activated after being triggered, and outputs a high-level charging control signal through the CHG terminal. At this time, the first switch Q9 is turned on, and both ends of the coil of the first relay JK1 are connected to the charge and discharge positive electrode B+ respectively. and the charging negative electrode C- are at the same potential. At this time, if no charging equipment is connected, the charging negative electrode C- is in a floating state, and the switch of the first relay JK1 is not closed. Therefore, the negative electrode of the battery module is in contact with the charging negative electrode C. - is not connected, and the charging negative electrode C - is not charged. When a charging device is connected, a potential difference is formed between the two ends of the coil of the first relay JK1, thereby attracting its switch and causing the negative electrode of the battery module to be connected to the charging negative electrode C. -Connect it and enter normal charging.
充电保护电路由充电设备的接入情况使能，用于控制充电控制端CHG与第一开关管Q9的使能端的通断，具体地，充电保护电路包括充电自保护光耦和限流电阻R23，其中，充电自保护光耦J2的第一输入端通过限流电阻R23与充电设备的正极连接，第二输入端与充电设备的负极连接，第一输出端与充电控制端CHG连接，第二输出端与第一开关管Q9的使能端连接。The charging protection circuit is enabled by the access status of the charging equipment and is used to control the on and off of the charging control terminal CHG and the enable terminal of the first switch Q9. Specifically, the charging protection circuit includes a charging self-protection optocoupler and a current limiting resistor R23. , where the first input end of the charging self-protection optocoupler J2 is connected to the positive pole of the charging equipment through the current limiting resistor R23, the second input end is connected to the negative pole of the charging equipment, the first output end is connected to the charging control terminal CHG, and the second The output terminal is connected to the enable terminal of the first switching tube Q9.
设置充电保护电路的作用在于，如果第一开关管Q9的使能端始终接收高电平的充电控制信号时，则在第一继电器JK1的开关被其线圈吸合时，即使在充电完成移除充电设备时，JK1的线圈两端仍然保持电池正极B+与电池模组的负极(接地端)的连接，导致其开关持续吸合无法断开，从而使得在充电设备经过一次接入后，无法通过移除使充电端口自动地断电。为此，通过充电保护电路，使得充电控制信号只在充电设备被接入时才能够输出至第一开关管Q9，在没有充电设备接入状态下，充电负极C-至JK1的线圈的连接被断开，使其无法吸合开关，从而自动地断开电池模组的负极与充电负极的连接。The purpose of setting up the charging protection circuit is that if the enable end of the first switch Q9 always receives a high-level charging control signal, when the switch of the first relay JK1 is attracted by its coil, even if the charging is completed and removed When charging the device, both ends of the coil of JK1 still maintain the connection between the positive terminal B+ of the battery and the negative terminal (ground terminal) of the battery module, causing the switch to continue to be closed and unable to be disconnected, thus making it impossible to pass through the charging device after being connected once. Removal causes the charging port to automatically power down. To this end, through the charging protection circuit, the charging control signal can only be output to the first switch Q9 when the charging equipment is connected. When no charging equipment is connected, the connection between the charging negative electrode C- and the coil of JK1 is blocked. Disconnect so that it cannot close the switch, thereby automatically disconnecting the negative electrode of the battery module from the negative electrode of the charger.
在一些优选的实施例中，如图8所示，充电自保护光耦的第二输出端与第一开关管Q9的使能端之间还连接有电位检测电路，电位检测电路包括三极管Q2，其根据充电自保护光耦的第二输出端的电位是否高于预设的电位阈值，控制充电自保护光耦的第二输出端与第一开关管Q9的使能端的通断，以避免CHG端口的噪声电流引起第一开关管Q9误接通。In some preferred embodiments, as shown in Figure 8, a potential detection circuit is also connected between the second output end of the charging self-protection optocoupler and the enable end of the first switch tube Q9. The potential detection circuit includes a transistor Q2, According to whether the potential of the second output terminal of the charging self-protecting optocoupler is higher than the preset potential threshold, it controls the connection between the second output terminal of the charging self-protecting optocoupler and the enable terminal of the first switch tube Q9 to avoid CHG port The noise current causes the first switching transistor Q9 to be mistakenly turned on.
如图9所示，放电控制电路由放电控制端DSG输出的放电控制信号使能，用于控制放电负极P-与电池模组的负极的通断，其包括第二开关管Q11及第二继电器JK2，第二开关管Q11的使能端(G极)与放电控制端DSG连接，其S极与电池模组的负极连接，D极与第二继电器JK2的线圈的一端连接，第二继电器JK2的线圈的另一端与充放电正极B+连接，第二继电器JK2的开关的两端分别与电池模组的负极和放电负极P-连接。当放电控制端DSG输出高电平的放电控制信号时，第二开关管Q11被导通，此时第二开关管Q11的线圈两端分别与充放电正极B+和电池模组的负极连接形成电位差，从而吸合其开关以导通开关，使得电池模组的负极与放电负极P-接通，实现正常的放电；当放电控制端DSG输出低电平的放电控制信号，或者浮空时，Q11断开，此时放电负极P-与电池模组的负极断开，电池被禁止通过放电负极P-放电。As shown in Figure 9, the discharge control circuit is enabled by the discharge control signal output by the discharge control terminal DSG and is used to control the connection between the discharge negative electrode P- and the negative electrode of the battery module. It includes a second switch tube Q11 and a second relay. JK2, the enable terminal (G pole) of the second switch tube Q11 is connected to the discharge control terminal DSG, its S pole is connected to the negative pole of the battery module, and the D pole is connected to one end of the coil of the second relay JK2. The second relay JK2 The other end of the coil is connected to the charge and discharge positive electrode B+, and the two ends of the switch of the second relay JK2 are connected to the negative electrode of the battery module and the discharge negative electrode P- respectively. When the discharge control terminal DSG outputs a high-level discharge control signal, the second switch Q11 is turned on. At this time, both ends of the coil of the second switch Q11 are connected to the charge and discharge positive electrode B+ and the negative electrode of the battery module to form a potential. difference, thereby attracting its switch to turn on the switch, so that the negative electrode of the battery module is connected to the discharge negative electrode P- to achieve normal discharge; when the discharge control terminal DSG outputs a low-level discharge control signal, or is floating, Q11 is disconnected. At this time, the discharge negative electrode P- is disconnected from the negative electrode of the battery module, and the battery is prohibited from being discharged through the discharge negative electrode P-.
本申请的第二方面提供一种电池充放电综合管理方法，通过前述的电池充放电综合管理系统对电池模组的充电及放电过程进行管理，如图10所示，该管理方法包括以下操作：The second aspect of the present application provides a battery charge and discharge comprehensive management method, which manages the charging and discharging process of the battery module through the aforementioned battery charge and discharge comprehensive management system. As shown in Figure 10, the management method includes the following operations:
操作一，当电池管理单元处于休眠状态时，断开电池模组的负极与充电负极的连接，以及断开电池模组的负极与放电负极的连接；Operation 1: When the battery management unit is in the sleep state, disconnect the negative electrode of the battery module from the charging negative electrode, and disconnect the negative electrode of the battery module from the discharging negative electrode;
操作二，基于以下动作中的至少一种启动电池管理单元：手动启动、接入充电设备，接收到所述主控单元的高电平或低电平信号；Operation 2: start the battery management unit based on at least one of the following actions: manual start, access to the charging device, receiving a high level or low level signal from the main control unit;
操作三，当电池管理单元处于启动状态时，通过所述电池管理单元控制所述充电负极与所述电池模组的负极的通断，以及所述放电负极与所述电池模组的负极的通断，其中，当充电设备未接入时，断开所述充电负极与所述电池模组的负极。Operation 3: When the battery management unit is in the activated state, the battery management unit controls the connection between the charging negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module, and the connection between the discharge negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module. disconnect, wherein when the charging device is not connected, the charging negative electrode and the negative electrode of the battery module are disconnected.
上述各项操作的具体实施方式已在对电池充放电综合管理系统的说明中进行了详细阐述，在此不再赘述。The specific implementation of each of the above operations has been described in detail in the description of the battery charge and discharge integrated management system, and will not be described again here.
以上对本申请的具体实施方式作了详细介绍，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本申请原理的前提下，还可以对本申请进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也属于本申请权利要求的保护范围。The specific embodiments of the present application have been introduced in detail above. For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present application. These improvements and modifications also belong to the present application. The scope of protection of the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311405556.4ACN117465286B (en) | 2023-10-26 | 2023-10-26 | Battery charge and discharge integrated management system and method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202311405556.4ACN117465286B (en) | 2023-10-26 | 2023-10-26 | Battery charge and discharge integrated management system and method |
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| CN117465286B CN117465286B (en) | 2025-06-06 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311405556.4AActiveCN117465286B (en) | 2023-10-26 | 2023-10-26 | Battery charge and discharge integrated management system and method |
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