技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及电子电路技术领域，尤其涉及一种自动识别晶体类型的方法、时钟模块及装置。The present invention relates to the field of electronic circuit technology, and in particular, to a method, clock module and device for automatically identifying crystal types.
背景技术Background technique
移动通信终端系统时钟方案一般分为DCXO和TCXO，DCXO为无源晶振，需要外加振荡电路才能振出标称的频率，其精度大概在+/-10ppm，TCXO为有源晶振，内部自带振荡电路，只需外加电源就可以振出标称的频率，精度大概在+/-0.5～2ppm。Mobile communication terminal system clock solutions are generally divided into DCXO and TCXO. DCXO is a passive crystal oscillator, which requires an external oscillation circuit to achieve the nominal frequency. Its accuracy is approximately +/-10ppm. TCXO is an active crystal oscillator with an internal oscillation circuit. , you only need to add an external power supply to vibrate the nominal frequency, and the accuracy is about +/-0.5~2ppm.
对于不同的产品形态硬件上面可能采用不同的时钟方案，设计者为减少软件复杂性，多采用一套软件来兼容不同的硬件时钟方案，目前市面上多采用模式选择引脚(Bonding Option)、功能绑定引脚(Strap pin)、通用输入输出接口(GPIO)或者模数转换器(ADC)来实现不同晶体类型的识别，但不管如何都需要单独出一个识别功能的引脚，在印刷电路板上对此引脚贴不同的上、下拉电阻，软件通过识别该引脚上面的电平状态，比如上拉为1，下拉为0，来判别是DCXO还是TCXO，然后告知各个子系统并采取不同的时钟策略。For different product forms, different clock solutions may be used on the hardware. In order to reduce software complexity, designers often use a set of software to be compatible with different hardware clock solutions. Currently, mode selection pins (Bonding Option) and functions are mostly used on the market. Binding pins (Strap pin), general-purpose input and output interface (GPIO) or analog-to-digital converter (ADC) are used to realize the identification of different crystal types, but in any case, a separate identification function pin is required on the printed circuit board. Different pull-up and pull-down resistors are attached to this pin. The software identifies the level status of the pin, such as the pull-up is 1 and the pull-down is 0, to determine whether it is a DCXO or TCXO, and then informs each subsystem and takes different actions. clock strategy.
前述的识别方式会增加芯片裸片的面积，需要为此多增加一个识别晶体类型方案的引脚，而且印刷电路板上面还需要增加上下拉电阻，同时一般此引脚的功能一旦作为晶体类型识别，就不能作为他用，有点浪费。The aforementioned identification method will increase the area of the chip die, and it is necessary to add an additional pin for the crystal type identification scheme, and a pull-up and pull-down resistor needs to be added to the printed circuit board. At the same time, generally this pin functions as a crystal type identification , it cannot be used for other purposes, which is a bit wasteful.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供的自动识别晶体类型的方法、时钟模块及装置，能够有效节省芯片引脚，减少晶体类型识别功能所需的面积。The method, clock module and device for automatically identifying crystal types provided by the present invention can effectively save chip pins and reduce the area required for the crystal type identification function.
第一方面，本发明提供一种自动识别晶体类型的时钟模块，包括：In a first aspect, the present invention provides a clock module that automatically identifies crystal types, including:
振荡电路，所述振荡电路具有第一晶振引脚、第二晶振引脚和输出引线，所述第一晶振引脚和所述第二晶振引脚用于与目标晶振连接；An oscillation circuit, the oscillation circuit has a first crystal oscillator pin, a second crystal oscillator pin and an output lead, the first crystal oscillator pin and the second crystal oscillator pin are used to connect to a target crystal oscillator;
RC滤波电路，所述RC滤波电路的输入端通过第一开关与所述输出引线电连接；RC filter circuit, the input end of the RC filter circuit is electrically connected to the output lead through the first switch;
比较器，所述比较器的第一输入端与所述RC滤波电路的输出端电连接，所述比较器的第二输入端与参考电压源电连接。A comparator, the first input terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the output terminal of the RC filter circuit, and the second input terminal of the comparator is electrically connected to the reference voltage source.
可选地，所述振荡电路包括：Optionally, the oscillation circuit includes:
反相器，所述反相器的输出端与所述输出引线电连接，所述反相器的输入端与所述第一晶振引脚电连接；An inverter, the output end of the inverter is electrically connected to the output lead, and the input end of the inverter is electrically connected to the first crystal oscillator pin;
第一电阻，所述第一电阻的第一端与所述输出引线电连接，所述第一电阻的第二端与所述第一晶振引脚电连接；A first resistor, a first end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the output lead, and a second end of the first resistor is electrically connected to the first crystal oscillator pin;
第一电容，所述第一电容的第一端与所述第一晶振引脚电连接，所述第一电容的第二端接地；A first capacitor, the first end of the first capacitor is electrically connected to the first crystal oscillator pin, and the second end of the first capacitor is grounded;
第二电容，所述第二电容的第一端与所述第一电阻的第一端电连接，所述第二电容的第二端接地，所述第二电容的第一端还与所述第二晶振引脚电连接。a second capacitor, the first end of the second capacitor is electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor, the second end of the second capacitor is grounded, and the first end of the second capacitor is also connected to the first end of the first resistor. The second crystal oscillator pin is electrically connected.
可选地，所述RC滤波电路包括：Optionally, the RC filter circuit includes:
第二电阻，所述第二电阻的第一端通过第一开关与所述输出引线电连接，所述第二电阻的第二端与所述比较器的第一输入端电连接；a second resistor, the first end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the output lead through the first switch, and the second end of the second resistor is electrically connected to the first input end of the comparator;
第三电容，所述第三电容的第一端与所述第一电阻的第二端电连接，所述第三电容的第二端接地。A third capacitor, a first end of the third capacitor is electrically connected to the second end of the first resistor, and a second end of the third capacitor is grounded.
可选地，还包括：Optionally, also includes:
第一缓冲器，所述第一缓冲器的输入端与所述输出引线电连接；a first buffer, the input end of the first buffer is electrically connected to the output lead;
第二缓冲器，所述第二缓冲器的输入端与所述第一缓冲器的输出端电连接，所述第二缓冲器的输出端与输出引脚电连接。A second buffer, the input terminal of the second buffer is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first buffer, and the output terminal of the second buffer is electrically connected to the output pin.
可选地，还包括：Optionally, also includes:
第四电容，所述第四电容的第一端与所述输出引脚电连接，所述第四电容的第二端接地。A fourth capacitor, a first end of the fourth capacitor is electrically connected to the output pin, and a second end of the fourth capacitor is connected to ground.
第二方面，本发明提供一种自动识别晶体类型的方法，所述方法包括：In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for automatically identifying crystal types, which method includes:
将前述任意一项所述的自动识别晶体类型的时钟模块上电；Power on the clock module that automatically identifies the crystal type as described in any of the preceding items;
将振荡电路设置为使能状态；Set the oscillation circuit to the enabled state;
将所述第一开关闭合，获取所述比较器的输出电平，并依据所述输出电平确定晶体类型。The first switch is closed, the output level of the comparator is obtained, and the crystal type is determined based on the output level.
可选地，所述依据所述输出电平确定晶体类型，包括：Optionally, the determining the crystal type according to the output level includes:
当所述输出电平为高电平时，确定所述晶体类型为无源晶振；When the output level is high level, the crystal type is determined to be a passive crystal oscillator;
当所述输出电平为低电平时，确定所述晶体类型为有源晶振。When the output level is low level, the crystal type is determined to be an active crystal oscillator.
可选地，所述确定所述晶体类型为无源晶振之后，包括：断开第一开关，并保持所述振荡电路的使能状态。Optionally, after determining that the crystal type is a passive crystal oscillator, the method includes: turning off the first switch and maintaining the enabled state of the oscillation circuit.
可选地，所述确定所述晶体类型为有源晶振之后，包括：断开第一开关，并将所述振荡电路设置为非使能状态。Optionally, after determining that the crystal type is an active crystal oscillator, the step includes: turning off the first switch and setting the oscillation circuit to a non-enabled state.
第三方面，本发明提供一种时钟装置，包括：In a third aspect, the present invention provides a clock device, including:
如前述任意一项所述的自动识别晶体类型的时钟模块；A clock module that automatically identifies the crystal type as described in any of the preceding items;
目标晶振，所述目标晶振的第一端与所述第一晶振引脚电连接，所述目标晶振的第二端与所述第二晶振引脚电连接。Target crystal oscillator, the first end of the target crystal oscillator is electrically connected to the first crystal oscillator pin, and the second end of the target crystal oscillator is electrically connected to the second crystal oscillator pin.
在本发明提供的技术方案中，在振荡电路与放大器输出的波形相同之后，通过RC滤波器将波形中的高频分量去除，只保留直流分量，再采用比较器将直流分量与参考电压进行比较，即可得到晶振的类型。通过本发明提供的技术方案，无需额外的引脚和印刷电路板上的额外电阻，因此，能够有效的节省芯片和印刷电路板的面积。In the technical solution provided by the present invention, after the waveforms output by the oscillation circuit and the amplifier are the same, the high-frequency components in the waveform are removed through the RC filter, leaving only the DC component, and then a comparator is used to compare the DC component with the reference voltage. , you can get the type of crystal oscillator. Through the technical solution provided by the present invention, there is no need for extra pins and extra resistors on the printed circuit board. Therefore, the area of the chip and the printed circuit board can be effectively saved.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明一实施例自动识别晶体类型的时钟模块的示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a clock module that automatically identifies crystal types according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明另一实施例自动识别晶体类型的方法的流程图。Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for automatically identifying crystal types according to another embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
本发明实施例提供一种自动识别晶体类型的时钟模块，如图1所示，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a clock module that automatically identifies crystal types, as shown in Figure 1, including:
振荡电路，所述振荡电路具有第一晶振引脚XTAL1、第二晶振引脚XTAL2和输出引线，所述第一晶振引脚和所述第二晶振引脚用于与目标晶振连接；An oscillation circuit, the oscillation circuit has a first crystal oscillator pin XTAL1, a second crystal oscillator pin XTAL2 and an output lead, the first crystal oscillator pin and the second crystal oscillator pin are used to connect with the target crystal oscillator;
RC滤波电路，所述RC滤波电路的输入端通过第一开关与所述输出引线电连接；RC filter circuit, the input end of the RC filter circuit is electrically connected to the output lead through the first switch;
比较器COMP，所述比较器COMP的第一输入端与所述RC滤波电路的输出端电连接，所述比较器COMP的第二输入端与参考电压源Vref电连接。Comparator COMP, the first input terminal of the comparator COMP is electrically connected to the output terminal of the RC filter circuit, and the second input terminal of the comparator COMP is electrically connected to the reference voltage source Vref .
在一些实施例中，当目标晶振为无源晶振DCXO时，需要搭配外部的振荡电路才能振出标称的频率，目前振荡电路都是集成在芯片内部，无源晶振DCXO通过第一晶振引脚XTAL1和第二晶振引脚XTAL2与芯片内部振荡电路作用形成LC振荡电路，以振出系统需要的标称频率。当目标晶振为有源晶振TCXO或者外灌的时钟信号时，其输出的标称频率直接从第一晶振引脚XTAL1输入来供系统时钟，第二晶振引脚XTAL2一般悬空或者接地，可以通过检测第二晶振引脚XTAL2上面的直流电压分量的值来判断硬件上面贴的是无源晶振DCXO还是有源晶振TCXO，基于此在第二晶振引脚XTAL2内部增加RC滤波和比较器来判断晶体类型。In some embodiments, when the target crystal oscillator is a passive crystal oscillator DCXO, an external oscillation circuit is required to oscillate the nominal frequency. Currently, the oscillation circuits are integrated inside the chip, and the passive crystal oscillator DCXO passes through the first crystal oscillator pin XTAL1 The second crystal oscillator pin XTAL2 interacts with the chip's internal oscillation circuit to form an LC oscillation circuit to oscillate the nominal frequency required by the system. When the target crystal oscillator is an active crystal oscillator TCXO or an external clock signal, its output nominal frequency is directly input from the first crystal oscillator pin XTAL1 to provide the system clock. The second crystal oscillator pin XTAL2 is generally floating or grounded, and can be detected by The value of the DC voltage component on the second crystal oscillator pin XTAL2 can be used to determine whether the hardware is a passive crystal oscillator DCXO or an active crystal oscillator TCXO. Based on this, an RC filter and a comparator are added inside the second crystal oscillator pin XTAL2 to determine the crystal type. .
在本发明实施例提供的技术方案中，在振荡电路与放大器输出的波形相同之后，通过RC滤波器将波形中的高频分量去除，只保留直流分量，再采用比较器将直流分量与参考电压进行比较，即可得到晶振的类型。通过本发明实施例提供的技术方案，无需额外的引脚和印刷电路板上的额外电阻，因此，能够有效的节省芯片和印刷电路板的面积。In the technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present invention, after the waveforms output by the oscillation circuit and the amplifier are the same, the high-frequency components in the waveform are removed through the RC filter, leaving only the DC component, and then a comparator is used to compare the DC component with the reference voltage. By comparison, you can get the type of crystal oscillator. Through the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention, there is no need for extra pins and extra resistors on the printed circuit board. Therefore, the area of the chip and the printed circuit board can be effectively saved.
作为一种可选的实施方式，继续如图1所示，所述振荡电路包括：As an optional implementation, continuing as shown in Figure 1, the oscillation circuit includes:
反相器U1，所述反相器U1的输出端与所述输出引线电连接，所述反相器U1的输入端与所述第一晶振引脚XTAL1电连接；Inverter U1, the output end of the inverter U1 is electrically connected to the output lead, and the input end of the inverter U1 is electrically connected to the first crystal oscillator pin XTAL1;
第一电阻R1，所述第一电阻R1的第一端与所述输出引线电连接，所述第一电阻R1的第二端与所述第一晶振引脚XTAL1电连接；A first resistor R1, a first end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the output lead, and a second end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to the first crystal oscillator pin XTAL1;
第一电容Cbank1，所述第一电容Cbank1的第一端与所述第一晶振引脚XTAL1电连接，所述第一电容Cbank1的第二端接地；First capacitorCbank1 , the first end of the first capacitor Cbank1 is electrically connected to the first crystal oscillator pin XTAL1, and the second end of the first capacitor Cbank1 is connected to ground;
第二电容Cbank2，所述第二电容Cbank2的第一端与所述第一电阻R1的第一端电连接，所述第二电容Cbank2的第二端接地，所述第二电容Cbank2的第一端还与所述第二晶振引脚XTAL2电连接。The second capacitor Cbank2 has a firstend electrically connected to the first end of the first resistor R1 and a secondend connected to ground. The second capacitor C The first end ofbank2 is also electrically connected to the second crystal oscillator pin XTAL2.
作为一种可选的实施方式，所述RC滤波电路包括：As an optional implementation, the RC filter circuit includes:
第二电阻Rb，所述第二电阻Rb的第一端通过第一开关Switch1与所述输出引线电连接，所述第二电阻Rb的第二端与所述比较器的第一输入端电连接；The second resistor Rb has a first end electrically connected to the output lead through a first switch Switch1, and a second end ofthe second resistor Rb is connected to the first input of the comparator. terminal electrical connection;
第三电容Cb，所述第三电容Cb的第一端与所述第一电阻Rb的第二端电连接，所述第三电容Cb的第二端接地。The third capacitor Cb has a first end electrically connected to the second end of the first resistorR banda second end connected to ground.
作为一种可选的实施方式，还包括：As an optional implementation, it also includes:
第一缓冲器Buffer1，所述第一缓冲器Buffer1的输入端与所述输出引线电连接；A first buffer Buffer1, the input end of the first buffer Buffer1 is electrically connected to the output lead;
第二缓冲器Buffer2，所述第二缓冲器Buffer2的输入端与所述第一缓冲器Buffer1的输出端电连接，所述第二缓冲器Buffer2的输出端与输出引脚Refout电连接。The input terminal of the second buffer Buffer2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the first buffer Buffer1, and the output terminal of the second buffer Buffer2 is electrically connected to the output pin Refout.
作为一种可选的实施方式，还包括：As an optional implementation, it also includes:
第四电容Cp，所述第四电容Cp的第一端与所述输出引脚Refout电连接，所述第四电容Cp的第二端接地。The fourth capacitor Cp has a first end electrically connected tothe output pin Refout, anda second end connected to the ground.
本发明实施例提供一种自动识别晶体类型的方法，所述方法包括：Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for automatically identifying crystal types. The method includes:
步骤100，将前述任意一项所述的自动识别晶体类型的时钟模块上电；Step 100, power on the clock module that automatically identifies the crystal type as described in any of the aforementioned items;
步骤200，将振荡电路设置为使能状态；Step 200, set the oscillation circuit to the enabled state;
步骤300，将所述第一开关闭合，获取所述比较器的输出电平，并依据所述输出电平确定晶体类型。Step 300: Close the first switch, obtain the output level of the comparator, and determine the crystal type based on the output level.
作为一种可选的实施方式，在步骤300中，所述依据所述输出电平确定晶体类型，包括：As an optional implementation, in step 300, determining the crystal type according to the output level includes:
当所述输出电平为高电平时，确定所述晶体类型为无源晶振；When the output level is high level, the crystal type is determined to be a passive crystal oscillator;
当所述输出电平为低电平时，确定所述晶体类型为有源晶振。When the output level is low level, the crystal type is determined to be an active crystal oscillator.
在一些实施例中，当目标晶振为无源晶振DCXO时，无源晶振DCXO和振荡电路形成LC振荡电路开始振荡工作，通电后晶振振荡的频率经过放大器多次反馈放大后，最终放大器输出的波形和晶振振荡的波形变成相同，也就是谐振频率，此时打开第一开关Switch1，晶振振荡的频率经过RC滤波器把高频滤除掉，只剩下直流(DC)分量，经过比较器对直流分量和参考电压Vref进行比较，则直流分量大于Vref，输出1，即Crystal_Flag＝1，此时即可将目标晶振确定为无源晶振DCXO。当目标晶振为有源晶振TCXO或者外灌的时钟信号时，这时需要在印刷电路板上把第二晶振引脚XTAL2接地，由于是有源晶振TCXO或外灌的时钟信号，则整个振荡电路不会产生振荡，当闭合第一开关Switch1后，直流分量(DC)值接近为0，经过比较器对直流分量和参考电压Vref进行比较，直流分量小于Vref，输出0，即Crystal_Flag＝0，此时即可确定目标晶振为有源晶振TCXO。In some embodiments, when the target crystal oscillator is a passive crystal oscillator DCXO, the passive crystal oscillator DCXO and the oscillation circuit form an LC oscillator circuit to start oscillating. After power is turned on, the frequency of the crystal oscillator is fed back and amplified by the amplifier multiple times, and the final waveform output by the amplifier is The waveform becomes the same as that of the crystal oscillator, which is the resonant frequency. At this time, the first switch Switch1 is turned on. The frequency of the crystal oscillator is filtered out by the RC filter to filter out the high frequency, leaving only the direct current (DC) component, which is compared by the comparator. The DC component is compared with the reference voltage Vref. If the DC component is greater than Vref, 1 is output, that is, Crystal_Flag=1. At this time, the target crystal oscillator can be determined to be a passive crystal oscillator DCXO. When the target crystal oscillator is an active crystal oscillator TCXO or an external clock signal, the second crystal oscillator pin XTAL2 needs to be grounded on the printed circuit board. Since it is an active crystal oscillator TCXO or an external clock signal, the entire oscillation circuit No oscillation will occur. When the first switch Switch1 is closed, the DC component (DC) value is close to 0. The DC component is compared with the reference voltage Vref through the comparator. The DC component is less thanVref and 0 is output, that is, Crystal_Flag=0. At this point, it can be determined that the target crystal oscillator is the active crystal oscillator TCXO.
作为一种可选的实施方式，在步骤300中，所述确定所述晶体类型为无源晶振之后，包括：断开第一开关，并保持所述振荡电路的使能状态。As an optional implementation, in step 300, after determining that the crystal type is a passive crystal oscillator, the method includes: turning off the first switch and maintaining the enabled state of the oscillation circuit.
在一些实施例中，由于无源晶振需要搭配振荡电路才能振出标称的频率，因此，本实施方式中保持振荡电路的使能状态。并且，将第一开关断开后，能够阻断RC滤波电路和比较器对振荡电路的影响。In some embodiments, since the passive crystal oscillator needs to be equipped with an oscillation circuit to oscillate at a nominal frequency, the oscillation circuit is kept enabled in this embodiment. Moreover, after the first switch is turned off, the influence of the RC filter circuit and the comparator on the oscillation circuit can be blocked.
作为一种可选的实施方式，在步骤300中，所述确定所述晶体类型为有源晶振之后，包括：断开第一开关，并将所述振荡电路设置为非使能状态。As an optional implementation, in step 300, after determining that the crystal type is an active crystal oscillator, the method includes: turning off the first switch and setting the oscillation circuit to a non-enabled state.
在一些实施例中，由于有源晶振无需振荡电路的配合，因此，本实施方式中将振荡电路设置为非使能状态。并且，将第一开关断开后，能够阻断RC滤波电路和比较器对有源晶振的影响。In some embodiments, since the active crystal oscillator does not require the cooperation of the oscillation circuit, the oscillation circuit is set to a non-enabled state in this embodiment. Moreover, after the first switch is turned off, the influence of the RC filter circuit and the comparator on the active crystal oscillator can be blocked.
本发明实施例提供一种时钟装置，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a clock device, including:
如前述任意一项所述的自动识别晶体类型的时钟模块；A clock module that automatically identifies the crystal type as described in any of the preceding items;
目标晶振，所述目标晶振的第一端与所述第一晶振引脚电连接，所述目标晶振的第二端与所述第二晶振引脚电连接。Target crystal oscillator, the first end of the target crystal oscillator is electrically connected to the first crystal oscillator pin, and the second end of the target crystal oscillator is electrically connected to the second crystal oscillator pin.
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. All are covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311284938.6ACN117353662A (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Method, clock module and device for automatically identifying crystal type |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311284938.6ACN117353662A (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Method, clock module and device for automatically identifying crystal type |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117353662Atrue CN117353662A (en) | 2024-01-05 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311284938.6APendingCN117353662A (en) | 2023-09-28 | 2023-09-28 | Method, clock module and device for automatically identifying crystal type |
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