技术领域Technical field
本发明属于工程测绘技术领域，尤其涉及基于机载激光雷达和倾斜摄影测量的水电站测绘系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering surveying and mapping, and in particular relates to a hydropower station surveying and mapping system based on airborne laser radar and oblique photogrammetry.
背景技术Background technique
水电站是我国基础设施建设中的重要内容，其不仅对工农业及城乡居民生活用电市场的满足有重要的意义，对于区域水旱灾害的调节也有重要的意义。从目前的水电站具体建设来看，为了提升工程的质量，使其在实践中具有更加显著的价值发挥，需要利用先进的技术完成工程测绘。Hydropower stations are an important part of my country's infrastructure construction. They are not only of great significance to satisfy the electricity market for industry, agriculture and urban and rural residents, but are also of great significance to the regulation of regional flood and drought disasters. Judging from the current specific construction of hydropower stations, in order to improve the quality of the project and make it more significant in practice, it is necessary to use advanced technology to complete engineering surveying and mapping.
随着我国在计算机科学、电子科技等领域的不断研发与创新，近年来取得了令人瞩目的成就，水电站测绘中传统的测量方法已经逐渐被新的测绘技术所代替，测量中不再使用三角测量、几何测量等传统的测量方法，水电站测绘已经逐步扩展到地理信息领域。通过GNSS、摄影测量技术、遥感测绘技术等新的测量技术来对水电站工程地理信息进行获取，获取到的信息和数据将作为工程分析决策的依据。With my country's continuous R&D and innovation in computer science, electronic technology and other fields, remarkable achievements have been made in recent years. Traditional measurement methods in hydropower station surveying and mapping have gradually been replaced by new surveying and mapping technology. Triangulation is no longer used in surveying. Traditional measurement methods such as surveying and geometric surveying, and hydropower station surveying and mapping have gradually expanded to the field of geographic information. Geographic information of hydropower station projects is obtained through new measurement technologies such as GNSS, photogrammetry technology, and remote sensing mapping technology. The information and data obtained will be used as the basis for engineering analysis and decision-making.
社会不断的发展进步，对水电站测绘的要求越来越高，尤其是水电站地形测量的精度和效率。由于受各种条件的影响，水电站工程的测量具有复杂性，因此，增加了测量的难度。With the continuous development and progress of society, the requirements for hydropower station surveying and mapping are getting higher and higher, especially the accuracy and efficiency of hydropower station topographic survey. Due to the influence of various conditions, the measurement of hydropower station projects is complex, thus increasing the difficulty of measurement.
目前水电站测绘多采用三维激光扫描技术结合GNSS，或者结合摄影测量的形式，获取水电站地理地面二维或三维模型，但水电站测绘所考虑的面积庞大，并且地貌形状各异，无论是三维点云数据或者是摄影测量数据在构建环境测绘模型时都会产生偏差，影响测绘结果的准确性。At present, hydropower station surveying and mapping mostly use 3D laser scanning technology combined with GNSS, or combined with photogrammetry to obtain a two-dimensional or three-dimensional model of the geographical ground of the hydropower station. However, the area considered for hydropower station surveying and mapping is huge, and the landforms have different shapes. Whether it is three-dimensional point cloud data Or photogrammetry data will produce deviations when constructing environmental surveying and mapping models, affecting the accuracy of surveying and mapping results.
因此，亟需一种新的水电站测绘方式，来实现对水电站的全面、准确、快速测绘。Therefore, a new hydropower station surveying and mapping method is urgently needed to achieve comprehensive, accurate, and rapid surveying and mapping of hydropower stations.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提出基于机载激光雷达和倾斜摄影测量的水电站测绘系统，能提升数据有效性，更适应复杂地形环境下的水电站的地形测绘作业，快速完成对水电站的测绘。In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a hydropower station surveying and mapping system based on airborne lidar and oblique photogrammetry, which can improve data validity, be more suitable for terrain surveying and mapping operations of hydropower stations in complex terrain environments, and quickly complete the surveying and mapping of hydropower stations.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了基于机载激光雷达和倾斜摄影测量的水电站测绘系统，包括：规划模块、采集模块、构建模块和测绘输出模块；In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a hydropower station surveying and mapping system based on airborne lidar and oblique photogrammetry, including: a planning module, an acquisition module, a construction module and a surveying and mapping output module;
所述规划模块，用于对水电站所处的地理环境进行划分；The planning module is used to divide the geographical environment where the hydropower station is located;
所述采集模块，用于根据划分结果，采集水电站的地形地貌数据；The collection module is used to collect the topography data of the hydropower station according to the division results;
所述构建模块，用于对所述地形地貌数据进行处理，构建融合三维点云数据后的三维数字模型；The building module is used to process the terrain and landform data and construct a three-dimensional digital model that integrates three-dimensional point cloud data;
所述测绘输出模块，用于根据所述三维数字模型，输出水电站测绘结果。The surveying and mapping output module is used to output hydropower station surveying and mapping results according to the three-dimensional digital model.
可选地，所述采集模块包括：点云采集单元和倾斜影像采集单元；Optionally, the acquisition module includes: a point cloud acquisition unit and an oblique image acquisition unit;
所述点云采集单元，用于对水电站的地理空间几何特征进行扫描收集，获取三维点云数据；The point cloud collection unit is used to scan and collect the geospatial geometric features of the hydropower station to obtain three-dimensional point cloud data;
所述倾斜影像采集单元，用于对水电站的地形地貌进行影像采集，获得倾斜影像数据。The oblique image acquisition unit is used to collect images of the topography of the hydropower station and obtain oblique image data.
可选地，所述构建模块包括：预处理单元和构建单元；Optionally, the building module includes: a preprocessing unit and a building unit;
所述预处理单元，用于分别对所述三维点云数据和倾斜影像数据进行预处理；The preprocessing unit is used to preprocess the three-dimensional point cloud data and oblique image data respectively;
所述构建单元，用于对预处理后的数据进行配准，构建所述三维数字模型。The construction unit is used to register the preprocessed data and construct the three-dimensional digital model.
可选地，所述预处理单元包括：第一处理子单元和第二处理子单元；Optionally, the pre-processing unit includes: a first processing sub-unit and a second processing sub-unit;
所述第一处理子单元，用于对所述三维点云数据进行聚类滤波去噪处理；The first processing subunit is used to perform clustering, filtering and denoising processing on the three-dimensional point cloud data;
所述第二处理子单元，用于对所述倾斜影像数据进行小波变换去噪处理，并在成像区域的边缘和区域内设置的特制地物，所述特制地物为多处典型地物或标记点，并在多处典型地物或标记点设置控制点和检查点，通过外业RTK测量，获取控制点与检查点的位置参数，通过控制点来对所述倾斜影像数据几何纠正，纠正所述倾斜影像数据的几何误差以及地理位置信息。The second processing subunit is used to perform wavelet transform denoising processing on the oblique image data, and set special features at the edges and areas of the imaging area. The special features are multiple typical features or Mark points, and set control points and check points at multiple typical features or mark points. Through field RTK measurement, obtain the position parameters of the control points and check points, and use the control points to geometrically correct and correct the tilted image data. Geometric errors and geographical location information of the oblique image data.
可选地，所述构建单元，构建所述三维数字模型包括：提取所述倾斜影像数据中的标志物，选取若干所述标志物的特征点，获取所述标志物的特征点的像素坐标，并获取所述特征点的点云坐标，利用灰度加权方法对所述像素坐标和所述点云坐标进行融合，得到全部所述特征点的标记信息，利用全部所述标记信息构建所述三维数字模型。Optionally, the construction unit, constructing the three-dimensional digital model includes: extracting markers in the oblique image data, selecting several feature points of the markers, and obtaining pixel coordinates of the feature points of the markers, And obtain the point cloud coordinates of the feature points, use a gray scale weighting method to fuse the pixel coordinates and the point cloud coordinates, obtain the mark information of all the feature points, and use all the mark information to construct the three-dimensional Digital model.
可选地，所述点云采集单元包括：多线激光扫描仪、惯导测量装置和计算机控制装置，所述多线激光扫描仪、惯导测量装置分别与计算机控制装置连接；Optionally, the point cloud collection unit includes: a multi-line laser scanner, an inertial navigation measurement device and a computer control device, and the multi-line laser scanner and inertial navigation measurement device are respectively connected to the computer control device;
所述倾斜影像采集单元包括：若干相机；其中，1个相机按照正射角度固定在相机架端头，其余相机按照预设倾斜角度安装固定在支架上，所有相机同时曝光；The oblique image acquisition unit includes: several cameras; among them, one camera is fixed on the end of the camera frame according to the orthographic angle, and the other cameras are installed and fixed on the bracket according to the preset tilt angle, and all cameras are exposed simultaneously;
所述点云采集单元和所述倾斜影像采集单元均与无人机固定隔震安装。The point cloud acquisition unit and the oblique image acquisition unit are both fixedly installed with the UAV in isolation.
可选地，所述规划模块，包括：识别单元和划分单元；Optionally, the planning module includes: an identification unit and a division unit;
所述识别单元，用于根据水电站的航拍地貌图，识别所述地貌图的地面附着物信息；The identification unit is used to identify the ground attachment information of the geomorphological map based on the aerial geomorphological map of the hydropower station;
所述划分单元，用于根据所述地面附着物信息，将水电站的测绘环境划分为若干绘测网格。The dividing unit is used to divide the surveying and mapping environment of the hydropower station into several mapping grids based on the ground attachment information.
可选地，所述地貌图的地面附着物信息包括：附着物类型和附着物形状；所述附着物类型包括：平地、山地和水域。Optionally, the ground attachment information of the landform map includes: attachment type and attachment shape; the attachment type includes: flat land, mountainous land, and water area.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下优点和技术效果：Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
本发明利用激光雷达和倾斜摄影技术、对水电站测绘所需的地理空间几何特征数据进行采集，将激光点云与影像数据融合，利用后处理等技术手段，实现场景自动化三维模型构建，获得可实景展示、可量测的三维互动场景，倾斜摄影能从不同的角度采集影像数据，获取同一地物多视角的影像及详尽的侧面信息；本发明显著提高了水电站测绘的准确性和有效性，更适应复杂地形环境下的水电站的地形测绘作业，以及能够快速完成对水电站的测绘。This invention uses laser radar and oblique photography technology to collect geographical spatial geometric feature data required for hydropower station surveying and mapping, fuses laser point clouds with image data, and uses post-processing and other technical means to realize automatic three-dimensional model construction of scenes and obtain real-life scenes. Display and measurable three-dimensional interactive scenes, oblique photography can collect image data from different angles, and obtain multi-view images and detailed side information of the same feature; this invention significantly improves the accuracy and effectiveness of hydropower station surveying and mapping, and more It is suitable for terrain surveying and mapping operations of hydropower stations in complex terrain environments, and can quickly complete the surveying and mapping of hydropower stations.
附图说明Description of drawings
构成本申请的一部分的附图用来提供对本申请的进一步理解，本申请的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本申请，并不构成对本申请的不当限定。在附图中：The drawings that form a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of this application. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this application are used to explain this application and do not constitute an improper limitation of this application. In the attached picture:
图1为本发明实施例的系统结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
需要说明的是，在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。下面将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本申请。It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
需要说明的是，在附图的流程图示出的步骤可以在诸如一组计算机可执行指令的计算机系统中执行，并且，虽然在流程图中示出了逻辑顺序，但是在某些情况下，可以以不同于此处的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤。It should be noted that the steps shown in the flowchart of the accompanying drawings can be executed in a computer system such as a set of computer-executable instructions, and, although a logical sequence is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, The steps shown or described may be performed in a different order than here.
如图1所示，本实施例提供了基于机载激光雷达和倾斜摄影测量的水电站测绘系统；包括：规划模块、采集模块、构建模块和测绘输出模块；As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides a hydropower station surveying and mapping system based on airborne lidar and oblique photogrammetry; including: a planning module, an acquisition module, a construction module and a surveying and mapping output module;
规划模块，用于对水电站所处的地理环境进行划分；The planning module is used to divide the geographical environment where the hydropower station is located;
采集模块，用于根据划分结果，采集水电站的地形地貌数据；The collection module is used to collect topographic and geomorphological data of hydropower stations based on the division results;
构建模块，用于对地形地貌数据进行处理，构建三维数字模型；The building module is used to process terrain data and construct a three-dimensional digital model;
测绘输出模块，用于根据三维数字模型，输出水电站测绘结果。The surveying and mapping output module is used to output hydropower station surveying and mapping results based on the three-dimensional digital model.
进一步地，规划模块，包括：识别单元和划分单元；Further, the planning module includes: identification unit and division unit;
识别单元，用于根据水电站的航拍地貌图，识别地貌图的地面附着物信息；The identification unit is used to identify the ground attachment information of the landform map based on the aerial landform map of the hydropower station;
划分单元，用于根据地面附着物信息，将水电站的测绘环境划分为若干绘测网格。The division unit is used to divide the surveying and mapping environment of the hydropower station into several mapping grids based on the ground attachment information.
进一步地，地貌图的地面附着物信息包括：附着物类型和附着物形状；附着物类型包括：平地、山地和水域。Further, the ground attachment information of the geomorphological map includes: attachment type and attachment shape; attachment types include: flat land, mountains and waters.
在规划模块中首先设置水电站的测绘范围，由于水电站的地形地貌面积较大并且地面附着物种类存在明显不同并且交叉存在的情况，在测绘时造成难度较大。并且由于本实施例中采用无人机在空中进行信息采集，由于无人机带电量的限制，无法进行大面积长时间的信息采集活动，因此，在本实施例中，以水电站地形地貌地表附着物类型为基础，并结合航拍无人机性能对水电站的测绘范围进行划分，形成多个测绘网格，以测绘网格为对象，依次或者多架无人机同时进行地表信息采集。在测绘范围内可能包括多种地面附着物，如建筑物、草地、山地、河流、湖泊等，对进行信息采集时，不同的地面附着物对于信息采集装置的影响程度不同，因此，在进行网格划分时，在满足网格划分规则的同时将以该区域内主要同类地面附着物为基准。In the planning module, the surveying and mapping range of the hydropower station is first set. Since the topography of the hydropower station is large and the types of ground attachments are obviously different and intersecting, it is difficult to survey and map. Moreover, in this embodiment, UAVs are used to collect information in the air. Due to the limitation of the charging capacity of UAVs, large-scale and long-term information collection activities cannot be carried out. Therefore, in this embodiment, the topography and landforms of the hydropower station are used to collect information. Based on the type of objects and combined with the performance of aerial drones, the surveying and mapping range of the hydropower station is divided to form multiple surveying and mapping grids. Using the surveying and mapping grids as objects, surface information is collected sequentially or by multiple drones at the same time. The scope of surveying and mapping may include a variety of ground attachments, such as buildings, grassland, mountains, rivers, lakes, etc. When collecting information, different ground attachments have different effects on the information collection device. Therefore, when conducting network When dividing the grid, the main similar ground attachments in the area will be used as the benchmark while meeting the grid division rules.
进一步地，采集模块包括：点云采集单元和倾斜影像采集单元；Further, the acquisition module includes: a point cloud acquisition unit and an oblique image acquisition unit;
点云采集单元，用于对水电站的地理空间几何特征进行扫描收集，获取三维点云数据；The point cloud acquisition unit is used to scan and collect the geospatial geometric features of the hydropower station and obtain three-dimensional point cloud data;
倾斜影像采集单元，用于对水电站的地形地貌进行影像采集，获得倾斜影像数据；The oblique image acquisition unit is used to collect images of the topography of the hydropower station and obtain oblique image data;
其中，构建模块包括：预处理单元和构建单元；Among them, the building blocks include: preprocessing unit and building unit;
预处理单元，用于分别对三维点云数据和倾斜影像数据进行预处理；Preprocessing unit, used to preprocess 3D point cloud data and oblique image data respectively;
构建单元，用于对预处理后的数据进行配准，构建三维数字模型。The construction unit is used to register the preprocessed data and construct a three-dimensional digital model.
其中，预处理单元包括：第一处理子单元和第二处理子单元；Wherein, the pre-processing unit includes: a first processing sub-unit and a second processing sub-unit;
第一处理子单元，用于对三维点云数据进行聚类滤波去噪处理；The first processing subunit is used for clustering, filtering and denoising processing of three-dimensional point cloud data;
第二处理子单元，用于对倾斜影像数据进行小波变换去噪处理，并在成像区域的边缘和区域内设置的特制地物，特制地物为多处典型地物或标记点，并在多处典型地物或标记点设置控制点和检查点，通过外业RTK测量，获取控制点与检查点的位置参数，通过控制点来对倾斜影像数据几何纠正，纠正倾斜影像数据的几何误差以及地理位置信息，通过检查点对其进行精度评定与质量控制；相机影像几何纠正后，通过提取处理后的多角度图像的特征点，根据特征点，将不同图像上的特征点进行匹配，匹配后生成地物立体成像数据。The second processing subunit is used to perform wavelet transform denoising processing on the oblique image data, and set special features at the edge and within the imaging area. The special features are multiple typical features or marker points, and are placed at multiple locations. Set control points and check points at typical features or marked points. Through field RTK measurement, obtain the position parameters of the control points and check points. Use the control points to geometrically correct the oblique image data and correct the geometric errors and geographical errors of the oblique image data. For position information, accuracy assessment and quality control are carried out through check points; after geometric correction of the camera image, feature points of the processed multi-angle images are extracted, and feature points on different images are matched according to the feature points, and generated after matching Stereo imaging data of ground objects.
进一步地，构建单元，构建三维数字模型包括：提取倾斜影像数据中的标志物，选取若干标志物的特征点，获取标志物的特征点的像素坐标，并获取特征点的点云坐标，利用灰度加权方法对像素坐标和点云坐标进行融合，得到全部特征点的标记信息，利用全部标记信息构建三维数字模型。Further, building a unit and building a three-dimensional digital model includes: extracting markers in the oblique image data, selecting feature points of several markers, obtaining pixel coordinates of the feature points of the markers, and obtaining point cloud coordinates of the feature points, using gray The degree-weighted method fuses pixel coordinates and point cloud coordinates to obtain label information of all feature points, and uses all label information to construct a three-dimensional digital model.
在本实施例中，对利用激光雷达和倾斜摄影采集的两幅源图像的像素灰度值进行加权平均融合的过程表示为：In this embodiment, the process of weighted average fusion of pixel grayscale values of two source images collected using lidar and oblique photography is expressed as:
J(m,n)＝I1P(m,n)+I2Q(m,n)J(m,n)＝I1 P(m,n)+I2 Q(m,n)
其中，m、n分别表示图像的行列号和列号，I1，I2为图像A、B的加权系数，A、B为激光雷达和倾斜摄影采集的两幅源图像，通常I1+I2＝1，P(m，n)、Q(m，n)、J(m，n)为图像的灰度值，对于本次融合，P为激光雷达点云数据，Q为倾斜航空影像数据，则，对于光谱信息来说，I1＝0，I2＝1；对于空间信息来说，I1＝1，I2＝0。由于点云数据的密度远小于像素密度，因此不会出现多个像素的值赋给同一个点的情况。也就是说通过对上面点云数据与影像数据的配准，一个点云数据与一个像素数据项对应，得到全部所述特征点的标记信息，利用全部标志信息构建三维数字模型。三维数字模型的每一个对象中的标志信息均为多维矩阵，包括机载点云数据的属性，包括空间三维坐标x，y，z和光强度值i以及由倾斜航空影像数据的光谱属性(R，G，B)，因此，在本实施例中，将图像的光谱特性和激光点云数据的位置属性进行融合，在得到直观的水电站测绘模型的同时还能够得到地表附着物中每一观测点的高程坐标值。Among them, m and n respectively represent the row number and column number of the image. I1 and I2 are the weighting coefficients of images A and B. A and B are the two source images collected by lidar and oblique photography. Usually I1 +I2 =1, P(m,n), Q(m,n), J(m,n) are the grayscale values of the image. For this fusion, P is the lidar point cloud data and Q is the oblique aerial image data. , then, for spectral information, I1 =0, I2 =1; for spatial information, I1 =1, I2 =0. Since the density of point cloud data is much smaller than the pixel density, there will be no situation where multiple pixel values are assigned to the same point. That is to say, by registering the above point cloud data and image data, one point cloud data corresponds to one pixel data item, and the label information of all the feature points is obtained, and all the label information is used to construct a three-dimensional digital model. The landmark information in each object of the three-dimensional digital model is a multi-dimensional matrix, including the attributes of the airborne point cloud data, including the spatial three-dimensional coordinates x, y, z and the light intensity value i, as well as the spectral attributes (R, G, B), therefore, in this embodiment, the spectral characteristics of the image and the position attributes of the laser point cloud data are fused to obtain an intuitive hydropower station surveying and mapping model, and at the same time, the data of each observation point in the surface attachments can be obtained. Elevation coordinate value.
进一步地，点云采集单元包括：多线激光扫描仪、惯导测量装置和计算机控制装置，多线激光扫描仪、惯导测量装置分别与计算机控制装置连接；Further, the point cloud collection unit includes: a multi-line laser scanner, an inertial navigation measurement device and a computer control device. The multi-line laser scanner and the inertial navigation measurement device are respectively connected to the computer control device;
倾斜影像采集单元包括：若干相机；其中，1个相机按照正射角度固定在相机架端头，其余相机按照预设倾斜角度安装固定在支架上，所有相机同时曝光；The oblique image acquisition unit includes: several cameras; among them, one camera is fixed on the end of the camera frame according to the orthographic angle, and the other cameras are installed and fixed on the bracket according to the preset tilt angle, and all cameras are exposed at the same time;
本实施例可选用五拼相机的4个相机按照一定的倾斜角度安装固定在支架上，倾斜角度为30°～45°之间，1个相机按照正射角度固定在相机架端头，五台相机同时曝光，用于不同角度获取地物照片，用于生成地物的三维图像。In this embodiment, four cameras of the five-piece camera can be installed and fixed on the bracket according to a certain tilt angle, and the tilt angle is between 30° and 45°. One camera is fixed on the end of the camera frame according to the orthogonal angle. Five cameras The cameras are exposed simultaneously to obtain photos of ground objects from different angles and to generate three-dimensional images of ground objects.
点云采集单元和倾斜影像采集单元均与无人机固定隔震安装。The point cloud acquisition unit and the oblique image acquisition unit are both fixed and isolated from the UAV.
无人机倾斜摄影测绘技术通过低空倾斜摄影，从一个垂直和四个特定角度倾斜方向获取高清立体影像数据，配合控制点或影像POS信息，影像上每个点都会有三维坐标，基于影像数据可对任意点线面进行量测，获取厘米级的测量精度并自动生成三维地理信息模型，快速获取地理信息，对建筑物等地物高度直接量算。倾斜摄影测量技术利用无人机作为传感器的搭载平台，通过在同一平台上搭载5台或3台传感器，从1个垂直、4个倾斜这5个不同角度采集影像，获取测量目标地物更为准确、全面、真实的信息。在拍摄影像时，充分体现了无人机灵活、高效的特点，同时记录航高、航速、航向和旁向重叠、坐标等参数。倾斜摄影具有以下特点：(1)多角度观察目标地物，全方位地反映目标地物的实际状况，使无人机测量具备全局观测的特点；(2)可实现影像单张量测。通过专业测绘和地理数据处理软件，可直接基于在三维模型成果上进行包括坐标、高度、长度、面积、坡度、角度等的量测；(3)数据量小。与传统的三维GIS数据相比，倾斜影像的数据量更小，为数据的传输与共享带来了极大的便利。UAV oblique photography and mapping technology uses low-altitude oblique photography to obtain high-definition stereoscopic image data from one vertical and four specific angles. With control points or image POS information, each point on the image will have three-dimensional coordinates. Based on the image data, it can Measure any point, line, or surface to obtain centimeter-level measurement accuracy and automatically generate a three-dimensional geographic information model, quickly obtain geographic information, and directly measure the height of buildings and other ground objects. Oblique photogrammetry technology uses drones as the sensor mounting platform. By mounting 5 or 3 sensors on the same platform, it collects images from 5 different angles: 1 vertical and 4 oblique, to obtain more accurate measurement target features. Accurate, comprehensive and true information. When shooting images, the flexibility and efficiency of the drone are fully demonstrated, and parameters such as altitude, speed, heading and side overlap, and coordinates are recorded at the same time. Oblique photography has the following characteristics: (1) Observing target features from multiple angles, reflecting the actual conditions of target features in an all-round way, making UAV measurement have the characteristics of global observation; (2) It can achieve single image measurement. Through professional mapping and geographical data processing software, measurements including coordinates, height, length, area, slope, angle, etc. can be directly based on the three-dimensional model results; (3) The amount of data is small. Compared with traditional three-dimensional GIS data, the data volume of oblique images is smaller, which brings great convenience to data transmission and sharing.
三维激光扫描和倾斜摄影测量技术存在各自的优缺点，将两种技术手段结合起来，互相弥补不足，可以快速，全面的获取高精度、高密度的立体成像，明显地反映出地形的表面变化。Three-dimensional laser scanning and oblique photogrammetry technologies have their own advantages and disadvantages. Combining the two technical means to make up for each other's shortcomings can quickly and comprehensively obtain high-precision, high-density three-dimensional imaging, which can clearly reflect the surface changes of the terrain.
水电站工程规划需大量地形、地貌、水文、地质及社会经济各方面信息，利用本实施例所提出的测绘系统能进行可视化的规划设计、管理、监测，如水电站工程的总体布局方案比选、论证、分析、评估，模拟水电站工程的环境、生态影响，也可进行水电站工程景观地规划、水电站工程环境及生态规划、水电站工程交通规划等。能实时为规划设计及管理部门提供海量信息，以便作出科学决策，因此集成具有实时采集、处理和更新数据的功能，属于新地理信息时代的智慧测绘手段。Hydropower station project planning requires a large amount of terrain, geomorphology, hydrology, geology and socio-economic information. The surveying and mapping system proposed in this embodiment can be used to carry out visual planning, design, management and monitoring, such as the comparison and selection of the overall layout plan of the hydropower station project. , analyze, evaluate, and simulate the environmental and ecological impacts of hydropower station projects. It can also carry out landscape planning of hydropower station projects, environmental and ecological planning of hydropower station projects, and transportation planning of hydropower station projects. It can provide planning, design and management departments with massive information in real time to make scientific decisions. Therefore, the integration has the function of real-time collection, processing and updating of data, and is a smart surveying and mapping method in the new geographical information era.
本实施例所提出的测绘系统能在水电站测绘中呈现出了全方位、数字化、网络化的服务，在测量中的应用，能提高测量的精度，并且减少了人力测量，有效的提高了水电站施工工作效率，以及为后期运行监测提供有力保障。The surveying and mapping system proposed in this embodiment can provide all-round, digital, and networked services in hydropower station surveying and mapping. Its application in measurement can improve the accuracy of measurement, reduce labor measurement, and effectively improve the efficiency of hydropower station construction. work efficiency, and provide strong guarantee for later operation monitoring.
以上，仅为本申请较佳的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。The above are only preferred specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application. All are covered by the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
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| CN202311297109.1ACN117346742A (en) | 2023-10-09 | 2023-10-09 | Hydropower station surveying and mapping system based on airborne lidar and oblique photogrammetry |
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