技术领域Technical field
本发明属于农业生物农药领域，涉及2-氨基-3-甲基己酸作为植物药害缓解剂的应用。The invention belongs to the field of agricultural biological pesticides and relates to the application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid as a plant phytotoxicity alleviating agent.
背景技术Background technique
在农业实际生长过程中，作物面临着许多病虫草害威胁。为了保证作物的产量和品质，农药的使用是必不可少的。然而，一些重要的农药对作物具有潜在的药害，这给农业安全生产带来的不可忽视的威胁。In the actual growth process of agriculture, crops face many threats from diseases, insect pests and weeds. In order to ensure the yield and quality of crops, the use of pesticides is essential. However, some important pesticides are potentially harmful to crops, which poses a non-negligible threat to agricultural production safety.
水稻恶苗病，又称徒长病，是危害性极大的真菌病害。该病害不仅可造成水稻产量下降50％以上，其病原菌(藤仓赤霉复合种，Gibberella fujikuroi species complex)产生的毒素还会引起食品安全问题，影响人类健康。由于带菌种子是水稻恶苗病主要的传播途径，对种子进行药剂浸种是一种常见的经济且高效的防治措施。目前，生产中应用广泛的氟啶·戊·杀螟、杀螟·乙蒜素对恶苗病、干尖线虫病有显著的防治效果，但是研究发现12％氟啶·戊·杀螟可分散粉剂800倍液处理对南粳5055种子萌发、幼苗生长的影响较大；17％杀螟·乙蒜素88.9倍液和66.7倍液浸种对水稻种子萌发和成苗有显著抑制作用，133.3倍液浸种显著抑制种子发芽势和成苗率。Rice bakanae disease, also known as leggy disease, is a very harmful fungal disease. This disease can not only cause rice yields to decrease by more than 50%, but the toxins produced by its pathogenic bacteria (Gibberella fujikuroi species complex) can also cause food safety issues and affect human health. Since infected seeds are the main transmission route of rice bakanae disease, soaking seeds with chemicals is a common, economical and efficient prevention and control measure. At present, the widely used fluridine·pentane·borericide and borericide·acetozolin have significant control effects on bakanae and stem nematodes. However, research has found that 12% fluridine·pentane·borericide can be dispersed Treatment with 800 times of powder solution had a greater impact on seed germination and seedling growth of Nanjing 5055; soaking seeds with 88.9 times solution and 66.7 times solution of 17% borericide·acetoallin had a significant inhibitory effect on rice seed germination and seedling growth, and 133.3 times solution of 133.3 times solution of seed soaking Seed soaking significantly inhibits seed germination potential and seedling establishment rate.
化学除草剂在田间除草、提高农作物产量上发挥着重要作用，但过度使用可能会影响农作物的生长过程。研究表明，在40mg/L及以上浓度的50％异丙隆可湿性粉剂处理下，小麦的发芽率、根长、芽长显著低于清水对照。同时也有研究者发现，施用异丙隆后会降低麦苗的抗冻能力，用量越大、危害越大。尤其遭遇低温条件下，异丙隆会对小麦造成严重药害。因此，针对当前实际生产中不同作物面临的药害状况，开发旨在缓解作物药害的产品和技术对于保障农业安全生产显得尤为迫切。Chemical herbicides play an important role in killing weeds in fields and increasing crop yields, but excessive use may affect the growth process of crops. Research shows that when treated with 50% isoproturon wettable powder at a concentration of 40 mg/L and above, the germination rate, root length, and shoot length of wheat are significantly lower than the clear water control. At the same time, some researchers have found that the application of isoproturon will reduce the frost resistance of wheat seedlings. The greater the dosage, the greater the harm. Especially under low temperature conditions, isoproturon can cause serious phytotoxicity to wheat. Therefore, in view of the current phytotoxicity conditions faced by different crops in actual production, it is particularly urgent to develop products and technologies aimed at mitigating crop phytotoxicity to ensure safe agricultural production.
目前，已发现一些植物药害缓解剂，如油菜素内酯、芸苔素内酯、氨基丁酸等。研究显示，油菜素类固醇可通过对活性氧和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶等的调控来缓解植物的农药伤害；芸苔素内酯在除草剂药害早期喷施可提高小麦的千粒重与穗粒数，进而提高小麦产量；γ-氨基丁酸不仅可通过调节气孔运动来抑制植物对农药的吸收，而且可通过活性氧信号来缓解农药药害。由于国际上对植物化学试剂残留限量标准逐渐严格，寻求绿色、高效、环保的植物药害缓解剂十分重要。At present, some plant phytotoxicity mitigants have been discovered, such as brassinosteroid, brassinolide, aminobutyric acid, etc. Research shows that brassinosteroids can alleviate pesticide damage to plants by regulating reactive oxygen species and mitogen-activated protein kinases; brassinolide spraying in the early stages of herbicide damage can increase the thousand-grain weight and grain number per ear of wheat. , thereby increasing wheat yield; γ-aminobutyric acid can not only inhibit the plant's absorption of pesticides by regulating stomatal movement, but also alleviate pesticide damage through reactive oxygen signals. As the international standards for residue limits of phytochemical reagents become increasingly strict, it is very important to seek green, efficient, and environmentally friendly plant phytotoxicity mitigants.
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸(简称AMHA)，化学式为C7H15NO2，分子量145克/摩尔，属于新型氨基酸类化合物，为无色透明晶体。最近，我们从真菌中成功分离、纯化得到2-氨基-3-甲基己酸，并首次证实其是一种天然氨基酸。我们对其植物免疫、诱抗活性进行了系统的研究，发现在抵抗生物胁迫方面，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能有效抑制病毒、真菌和细菌在植物叶片上的发生与扩散；在诱导植物抗非生物胁迫方面，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能有效缓解高温、低温、干旱和盐渍对植物的造成的伤害；在提高品质方面，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能提高茶叶的茶氨酸等氨基酸的含量；不仅如此，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸还可促进植物生长，增加产量。以上已申请专利ZL202011549486.6、ZL202110795699.5与ZL202110975196.6。截至目前，没有2-氨基-3-甲基己酸缓解植物药害方面的相关研究、报道和专利，这正是本专利的创新性所在。2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid (AMHA for short) has a chemical formula of C7 H15 NO2 and a molecular weight of 145 g/mol. It is a new type of amino acid compound and is a colorless and transparent crystal. Recently, we successfully isolated and purified 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid from fungi, and confirmed for the first time that it is a natural amino acid. We conducted a systematic study on its plant immunity and induction activities and found that in terms of resisting biotic stress, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can effectively inhibit the occurrence and spread of viruses, fungi and bacteria on plant leaves; in In terms of inducing plant resistance to abiotic stress, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can effectively alleviate the damage caused to plants by high temperature, low temperature, drought and salinity; in terms of improving quality, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid Acid can increase the content of amino acids such as theanine in tea; not only that, 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid can also promote plant growth and increase yield. The above patents have been applied for ZL202011549486.6, ZL202110795699.5 and ZL202110975196.6. Up to now, there are no relevant studies, reports or patents on 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid in alleviating plant phytotoxicity. This is where the innovation of this patent lies.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的上述不足，提供2-氨基-3-甲基己酸作为药害缓解剂的应用。The object of the present invention is to provide the application of 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid as a phytotoxicity alleviating agent in view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
本发明的目的可通过以下技术方案实现：The object of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在制备植物药害缓解剂中的应用，制剂中所述的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度为0.1～10μM。The application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in preparing a plant phytotoxicity alleviating agent. The concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in the preparation is 0.1 to 10 μM.
作为本发明的一种优选，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在制备缓解氟啶·戊·杀螟对禾本科作物种子萌发和幼苗的伤害的药害缓解剂中的应用，制剂中2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度优选0.1～1μM。As a preferred option of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in the preparation of a phytotoxicity alleviating agent that alleviates the damage of fluridine, amyl, and borer to seed germination and seedlings of gramineous crops, 2 in the preparation -The concentration of amino-3-methylcaproic acid is preferably 0.1 to 1 μM.
作为本发明的一种优选，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在制备缓解杀螟·乙蒜素对禾本科作物种子萌发和幼苗的伤害的药害缓解剂中的应用，制剂中2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度优选0.1～1μM。As a preferred option of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in the preparation of a phytotoxicity alleviation agent that alleviates the damage of stem borer and ethosalicin to the seed germination and seedlings of gramineous crops. In the preparation, 2- The concentration of amino-3-methylcaproic acid is preferably 0.1 to 1 μM.
作为本发明的一种优选，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在制备缓解异丙隆对禾本科作物种子萌发和幼苗的伤害的药害缓解剂中的应用，制剂中所述的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度优选1～10μM。As a preferred option of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in preparing a phytotoxicity alleviating agent that alleviates the damage of isopropuron to seed germination and seedlings of gramineous crops, the 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid described in the preparation The concentration of amino-3-methylcaproic acid is preferably 1 to 10 μM.
本发明所述的禾本科作物包括但不限于小麦、水稻。Gramineae crops described in the present invention include but are not limited to wheat and rice.
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在缓解植物药害中的应用，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度为0.1～10μM。The application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in alleviating plant phytotoxicity, the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is 0.1~10μM.
作为本发明的一种优选，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在缓解氟啶·戊·杀螟对禾本科作物种子萌发和幼苗的伤害中的应用，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度优选0.1～1μM。As a preferred method of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in alleviating the damage caused by fluridine, pentane and borer to seed germination and seedlings of gramineous crops, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid The acid concentration is preferably 0.1 to 1 μM.
作为本发明的一种优选，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在缓解杀螟·乙蒜素对禾本科作物种子萌发和幼苗的伤害中的应用，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度优选0.1～1μM。As a preferred option of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid in mitigating the damage caused by stem borer and ethosalin to the seed germination and seedlings of gramineous crops, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid The concentration is preferably 0.1 to 1 μM.
作为本发明的一种优选，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在缓解异丙隆对禾本科作物种子萌发和幼苗的伤害中的应用，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度优选1～10μM。As a preferred option of the present invention, the application of 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid in alleviating the damage of isoproturon to the seed germination and seedlings of gramineous crops, the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid is preferably 1 ~10μM.
本发明所述的禾本科作物包括但不限于小麦、水稻。Gramineae crops described in the present invention include but are not limited to wheat and rice.
式(I)所示的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸的已有的相关研究并未涉及植物药害缓解剂领域的报道。受大陆性季风气候的影响，我国农业病虫草害种类多，发生面积大、程度重，而化学农药是当前主要手段。然而，过量施用农药不仅影响农产品质量安全，还会威胁农业生态环境和人体健康，并已逐步成为制约我国农业可持续发展的主要影响因素之一。因此，寻找天然、绿色、高效的植物药害缓解剂，并推动其产业化，对于保障农业生产安全、提高农产品竞争力具有重要的意义。2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在相关植物药害缓解实验中表现良好，能够帮助植物缓解农药药害问题。Existing relevant research on 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid represented by formula (I) has not been reported in the field of plant phytotoxicity alleviating agents. Affected by the continental monsoon climate, there are many types of agricultural pests, diseases, and weeds in my country, which occur over a large area and with severe severity, and chemical pesticides are currently the main means. However, excessive application of pesticides not only affects the quality and safety of agricultural products, but also threatens the agricultural ecological environment and human health, and has gradually become one of the main factors restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in my country. Therefore, finding natural, green, and efficient plant phytotoxicity mitigants and promoting their industrialization are of great significance for ensuring the safety of agricultural production and improving the competitiveness of agricultural products. 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid has performed well in related plant damage mitigation experiments and can help plants alleviate pesticide damage problems.
天然代谢产物2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用于缓解植物药害的方法，其详细内容和实施方案如下：在0.1-10μM浓度范围，可有效缓解植物药害问题。The method of using the natural metabolite 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid to alleviate plant phytotoxicity is as follows: in the concentration range of 0.1-10 μM, the problem of plant phytotoxicity can be effectively alleviated.
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用于缓解氟啶·戊·杀螟与杀螟·乙蒜素对水稻药害的方法，其在浓度0.1-10μM范围，采用同时加入农药与2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种的方式进行试验。结果表明，与未加入2-氨基-3-甲基己酸对照组相比，实验组水稻种子的萌发率、芽长与根长显著提高。这一结果表明，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能有效缓解这2种农药对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的伤害。2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is used to alleviate the phytotoxicity of fluridine, amyl, borer and ethoconid on rice. The method is to add pesticides and 2-aminocaproic acid at the same time in the concentration range of 0.1-10 μM. -3-Methylhexanoic acid seed soaking method was used to test. The results showed that compared with the control group without adding 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, the germination rate, shoot length and root length of the rice seeds in the experimental group were significantly increased. This result shows that 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid can effectively alleviate the damage of these two pesticides to rice seed germination and seedling growth.
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸用于缓解异丙隆对小麦药害的方法，其在浓度0.1-10μM范围，采用同时加入异丙隆与2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种的方式进行试验。结果表明，与未加入2-氨基-3-甲基己酸对照组相比，实验组小麦种子的萌发率、芽长与根长显著提高。这一结果表明，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能有效缓解异丙隆对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的伤害。2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is used to alleviate the phytotoxicity of isoproturon on wheat. The method is to soak seeds with isoproturon and 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid at the same time in the concentration range of 0.1-10 μM. way to test. The results showed that compared with the control group without adding 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, the germination rate, shoot length and root length of wheat seeds in the experimental group were significantly increased. This result shows that 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid can effectively alleviate the damage of isoproturon to wheat seed germination and seedling growth.
技术先进性和有益效果Technological advancement and beneficial effects
本发明的主要优点和积极效果如下：The main advantages and positive effects of the present invention are as follows:
2-氨基-3-甲基己酸是一种天然产物，结构简单，易于工业化生产。由于本发明确认了2-氨基-3-甲基己酸能缓解植物药害，具有开发成天然植物药害缓解剂的潜力。2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is a natural product with a simple structure and easy for industrial production. Since the present invention confirms that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can alleviate plant phytotoxicity, it has the potential to be developed into a natural plant phytotoxicity alleviating agent.
本发明发现了2-氨基-3-甲基己酸通过浸种处理能够有效缓解植物药害，提高植物的产量，在1μM的浓度下通过浸种的方式缓解氟啶·戊·杀螟与杀螟·乙蒜素对水稻种子的伤害，达到壮苗的目的；在浓度为1μM时，能够缓解异丙隆对小麦种子的药害，显著提高小麦种子的萌发率、芽长与根长。2-氨基-3-甲基己酸为天然产物，用量低，对环境友好，可有效缓解植物药害，因而是绿色高效的生物源植物药害缓解剂，这指明了这类物质在农业生产上的利用价值和应用前景。The present invention has found that 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid can effectively alleviate plant phytotoxicity through seed soaking treatment and increase plant yield, and can alleviate the effects of fluridine·pentane·borericide and borer·killer by soaking seeds at a concentration of 1 μM. Acetoallin damages rice seeds to achieve the purpose of strengthening seedlings; at a concentration of 1 μM, it can alleviate the damage of isoproturon to wheat seeds and significantly improve the germination rate, bud length and root length of wheat seeds. 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is a natural product with low dosage, environmentally friendly, and can effectively alleviate plant phytotoxicity. Therefore, it is a green and efficient biogenic plant phytotoxicity alleviator, which indicates the application of this kind of substance in agricultural production. utilization value and application prospects.
本发明发现了2-氨基-3-甲基己酸做浸种处理可以缓解农药对植物的伤害。2-氨基-3-甲基己酸使用方便，解决了传统农艺无法解决的生产问题，节约生产成本。此外，由于2-氨基-3-甲基己酸是天然存在的一种结构简单的代谢产物，属于α-氨基酸，具有很高的环境和生物安全性，属于绿色、高效的生物化学农药范畴。The present invention has discovered that seed soaking treatment with 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid can alleviate the damage caused by pesticides to plants. 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is easy to use, solves production problems that traditional agronomy cannot solve, and saves production costs. In addition, because 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid is a naturally occurring metabolite with a simple structure and is an α-amino acid, it has high environmental and biological safety and belongs to the category of green and efficient biochemical pesticides.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸、氨基寡糖素与氟啶·戊·杀螟混合浸种对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响Figure 1 Effects of mixed seed soaking with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, aminooligosaccharin and fluridine·pentane·borane on rice seed germination and seedling growth
图2赤霉素与氟啶·戊·杀螟混合浸种对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响Figure 2 Effects of mixed seed soaking with gibberellin and fluridine·pentane·borane on rice seed germination and seedling growth
图3不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸、氨基寡糖素与杀螟·乙蒜素混合浸种对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响Figure 3 Effects of mixed seed soaking with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, aminooligosaccharin and fenitrothide·acetoallin on rice seed germination and seedling growth
图4赤霉素与杀螟·乙蒜素混合浸种对水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响Figure 4 Effects of mixed seed soaking with gibberellins, borericide and ethosalin on rice seed germination and seedling growth
图5不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸、氨基寡糖素、赤霉素与异丙隆混合浸种对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响Figure 5 Effects of mixed seed soaking with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, aminooligosaccharides, gibberellin and isoproturon on wheat seed germination and seedling growth
具体实施方式Detailed ways
发明人对2-氨基-3-甲基己酸进行了生物活性、适用范围及作物安全性研究，发现该物质在缓解植物药害方面也有非常独特的作用，并且具有环境友好、适用性广、使用安全等优点，为天然植物药害缓解剂，具备开发为生物农药的潜力。本发明的实质性特点可以从下述的实施方案和实施例中得以体现，但这些不应视为是对发明的任何限制。The inventor conducted research on the biological activity, scope of application and crop safety of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, and found that this substance also has a very unique effect in alleviating plant phytotoxicity, and is environmentally friendly, widely applicable, and It has the advantages of safety and other advantages. It is a natural plant phytotoxicity mitigating agent and has the potential to be developed into a biopesticide. The substantive features of the present invention can be reflected from the following embodiments and examples, but these should not be regarded as any limitations to the invention.
实施例1：2-氨基-3-甲基己酸缓解氟啶·戊·杀螟对水稻种子萌发和幼苗的伤害Example 1: 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid alleviates the damage of fluridine·pentane·borerine to rice seed germination and seedlings
将水稻种子(品种为“登两优2108”)用蒸馏水冲洗干净，用75％酒精消毒3分钟，蒸馏水清洗3次，再用NaClO(5％)对水稻种子进行消毒约10分钟，取出后用蒸馏水冲洗干净，然后用干净清洁的滤纸吸取种子表面残留的水分，直至表面干爽。挑选健康饱满均一的种子4g(克)，放置于50mL(毫升)离心管中。每管先分别加入清水、浓度0.1、1、10μM(微摩尔/升)的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸和0.1％氨基寡糖素水溶液8mL，然后每管中加入0.02g氟啶·戊·杀螟(400倍稀释，F400)。搅拌使种子完全浸没在药液内，室温浸种48h后，不冲洗，直接催芽。每组试验三个重复，每个重复用镊子随机挑选30粒稻种放入预先铺好湿润滤纸的培养皿内，放置28℃培养室中进行催芽培养。等待3天，测定并记录种子萌发率、芽长与根长。Rinse the rice seeds (variety "Dengliangyou 2108") with distilled water, disinfect with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, wash with distilled water 3 times, then use NaClO (5%) to sterilize the rice seeds for about 10 minutes, take them out and use Rinse with distilled water, and then use clean filter paper to absorb the remaining moisture on the surface of the seeds until the surface is dry. Select 4g (grams) of healthy, plump and uniform seeds and place them in a 50mL (ml) centrifuge tube. Each tube was first added with clean water, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid with concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM (micromol/L) and 8 mL of 0.1% aminooligosaccharide aqueous solution, and then 0.02g fluoridine· was added to each tube. E. Kill borer (400 times dilution, F400 ). Stir so that the seeds are completely immersed in the liquid. After soaking at room temperature for 48 hours, do not rinse and germinate directly. Each group of experiments was repeated three times. For each repetition, 30 rice seeds were randomly selected with tweezers and placed into a petri dish pre-paved with moist filter paper, and placed in a 28°C culture room for germination culture. Wait for 3 days, measure and record the seed germination rate, shoot length and root length.
表1不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸、氨基寡糖素与氟啶·戊·杀螟浸种对水稻种子萌发率、芽长和根长的影响Table 1 Effects of seed soaking with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, aminooligosaccharin and fluridine·pentane·borenidicide on rice seed germination rate, bud length and root length
结果表明，氟啶·戊·杀螟400倍稀释液浸种严重降低水稻种子萌发率，与清水对照相比降低了16％，幼苗芽长和根长分别降低了67％和64％。随着浸种液中加入2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度的上升，氟啶·戊·杀螟对水稻种子萌发率、芽长与根长的伤害逐渐减轻(表1，附图1)。与氟啶·戊·杀螟处理相比，存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，水稻种子萌发率显著提高了26％、26％和24％，存在氨基寡糖素时种子萌发率提高了17％，但没有显著差异；存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，芽长分别增加了200％、250％和150％，存在氨基寡糖素时芽长增加了50％，但没有显著差异；存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，根长分别增加了140％、140％和120％，存在氨基寡糖素时根长增加了60％，但没有显著差异。显然，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸各处理浓度能明显缓解氟啶·戊·杀螟对水稻产生的药害，但商业植物免疫激活剂氨基寡糖素并不能显著缓解水稻的药害。当2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度大于1μM时，对水稻种子的药害缓解作用不再显著增加。因此，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在1μM浓度时处理效果最佳，萌发率、芽长和根长分别达到空白对照的105％、117％和86％。The results showed that soaking seeds with a 400-fold dilution of fluridin·pentane·borerin seriously reduced the rice seed germination rate, which was reduced by 16% compared with the clear water control. The seedling bud length and root length were reduced by 67% and 64% respectively. As the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid added to the seed soaking solution increases, the damage caused by fluridine, pentane, and borer to rice seed germination rate, bud length, and root length gradually decreases (Table 1, Supplementary Figure 1) . Compared with fluridin·pentane·borericide treatment, in the presence of 0.1 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, the rice seed germination rate was significantly increased by 26%, 26% and 24%, and in the presence of aminooligo The seed germination rate increased by 17% in the presence of glycosin, but there was no significant difference; in the presence of 0.1μM, 1μM and 10μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, the shoot length increased by 200%, 250% and 150% respectively. The shoot length increased by 50% in the presence of aminooligosaccharide, but there was no significant difference; in the presence of 0.1μM, 1μM and 10μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, the root length increased by 140%, 140% and 120% respectively. Root length increased by 60% when treated with aminooligosaccharides, but there was no significant difference. Obviously, each treatment concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can significantly alleviate the phytotoxicity of fluridine, amyl, and borer to rice, but the commercial plant immune activator aminooligosaccharide cannot significantly alleviate the phytotoxicity of rice. . When the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid is greater than 1 μM, the phytotoxicity mitigation effect on rice seeds no longer increases significantly. Therefore, 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid had the best treatment effect at a concentration of 1 μM, with the germination rate, shoot length, and root length reaching 105%, 117%, and 86% of the blank control, respectively.
表2 0.1g/L赤霉素与氟啶·戊·杀螟浸种对水稻种子萌发率、芽长和根长的影响Table 2 Effects of seed soaking with 0.1g/L gibberellin and fluridin·pentane·nitrocyan on rice seed germination rate, shoot length and root length
为确定2-氨基-3-甲基己酸是否因具有促生长活性而缓解水稻浸种剂氟啶·戊·杀螟的药害，选取具有促生长功能的赤霉素(0.1g/L)作为阳性对照进行实验，方法同上。结果表明，赤霉素浸种提高了水稻种子萌发率，与清水对照相比提高了8％，幼苗芽长和根长分别提高了63％和5％。氟啶·戊·杀螟400倍稀释液浸种严重降低水稻种子萌发率，与清水对照相比降低了7％，幼苗芽长和根长分别降低了13％和45％。在浸种液中加入赤霉素后，氟啶·戊·杀螟对水稻种子萌发率、芽长与根长的伤害无显著缓解(表2，附图2)。存在0.1g/L赤霉素时，与氟啶·戊·杀螟相比水稻种子萌发率降低了9％，芽长增加了29％，根长增加了8％，但无显著差异；而加入1μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸水稻种子萌发率提高了6％，芽长增加了14％，根长增加了42％。显然，赤霉素的使用没有显著缓解氟啶·戊·杀螟对水稻种子的伤害。以上结果说明，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种处理能够有效缓解水稻浸种剂氟啶·戊·杀螟的药害问题，但不是由于其具有免疫和促生长的活性。In order to determine whether 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can alleviate the damage caused by the rice seed soaking agent fluridin·pentan·borericide due to its growth-promoting activity, gibberellin (0.1g/L) with growth-promoting function was selected as Positive control was used for the experiment, and the method was the same as above. The results showed that gibberellin seed soaking improved the germination rate of rice seeds by 8% compared with the clear water control, and the seedling bud length and root length increased by 63% and 5% respectively. Soaking seeds in a 400-fold dilution of fluridine, ammonium, and borericide seriously reduced the rice seed germination rate, which was reduced by 7% compared with the clear water control. The seedling bud length and root length were reduced by 13% and 45% respectively. After adding gibberellin to the seed soaking solution, the damage caused by fluridin·pentane·borerine to rice seed germination rate, bud length and root length was not significantly alleviated (Table 2, Appendix Figure 2). In the presence of 0.1g/L gibberellin, the rice seed germination rate was reduced by 9%, the bud length was increased by 29%, and the root length was increased by 8% compared with fluridine·pentane·borericide, but there was no significant difference; while adding 1 μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid increased rice seed germination rate by 6%, shoot length by 14%, and root length by 42%. Obviously, the use of gibberellins did not significantly alleviate the damage caused by fluridin·pentane·borerine to rice seeds. The above results show that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid seed soaking treatment can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity problem of rice seed soaking agent fluridin·pentane·borericide, but not because of its immune and growth-promoting activities.
实施例2：2-氨基-3-甲基己酸缓解杀螟·乙蒜素对水稻种子萌发和幼苗的伤害Example 2: 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid alleviates the damage caused by borericide and acetoallin to rice seed germination and seedlings
将水稻种子(品种为“登两优2108”)用蒸馏水冲洗干净，用75％酒精消毒3分钟，用蒸馏水清洗3次，再用NaClO(5％)对水稻种子进行消毒约10分钟，取出后用蒸馏水冲洗干净，然后使用干净清洁的滤纸吸取种子表面残留的水分，直至表面干爽。挑选健康饱满均一的种子4g(克)，放置于50mL(毫升)离心管中。每管分别加入清水、浓度0.1、1、10μM(微摩尔/升)的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸和0.1％氨基寡糖素水溶液8mL，然后每管中加入0.053g杀螟·乙蒜素(150倍稀释，S150)。搅拌使种子完全浸没在药液内，室温浸种48h后，不冲洗，直接催芽。每组试验三个重复，每个重复用镊子随机挑选30粒稻种放入预先铺好湿润滤纸的培养皿内，放置28℃培养室中进行催芽培养。等待2-3天，记录稻种萌发率、芽长与根长。Rinse the rice seeds (the variety is "Dengliangyou 2108") with distilled water, disinfect with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, wash with distilled water 3 times, then use NaClO (5%) to sterilize the rice seeds for about 10 minutes, and take them out. Rinse well with distilled water, then use clean filter paper to absorb any remaining moisture on the surface of the seeds until the surface is dry. Select 4g (grams) of healthy, plump and uniform seeds and place them in a 50mL (ml) centrifuge tube. Add clean water, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid with concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM (micromol/L) and 8 mL of 0.1% aminooligosaccharin aqueous solution to each tube, and then add 0.053g of Boreticide·B to each tube. Allicin (150 times dilution, S150 ). Stir so that the seeds are completely immersed in the liquid. After soaking at room temperature for 48 hours, do not rinse and germinate directly. Each group of experiments was repeated three times. For each repetition, 30 rice seeds were randomly selected with tweezers and placed into a petri dish pre-paved with moist filter paper, and placed in a 28°C culture room for germination culture. Wait for 2-3 days and record the rice seed germination rate, bud length and root length.
表3不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸、氨基寡糖素与杀螟·乙蒜素浸种对水稻种子萌发率、芽长和根长的影响Table 3 Effects of seed soaking with different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid, aminooligosaccharin and fenitrothide·acetoallin on rice seed germination rate, bud length and root length
结果表明，杀螟·乙蒜素150倍稀释液浸种严重降低水稻种子萌发率，与清水对照相比降低了16％，幼苗芽长和根长分别降低了50％和43％。随着浸种液中加入2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度的上升，杀螟·乙蒜素对水稻种子萌发率、芽长与根长的伤害逐渐减轻(表3，附图3)。与杀螟·乙蒜素处理相比，存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，水稻种子萌发率显著提高了24％、15％和11％，存在氨基寡糖素时种子萌发率提高了3％，但没有显著差异；存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，芽长分别增加了100％、133％和200％，氨基寡糖素处理无明显变化；存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，根长分别增加了75％、75％和63％，氨基寡糖素处理无明显差别。显然，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸各处理浓度明显缓解了杀螟·乙蒜素对水稻的药害，但商业植物免疫激活剂氨基寡糖素并不能显著缓解水稻药害。而且，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在10μM浓度时处理效果最佳，萌发率、芽长和根长分别达到空白对照的92％、150％和93％。The results showed that soaking seeds with a 150-fold dilution of fenithide and acetoallin seriously reduced the rice seed germination rate, which was reduced by 16% compared with the clear water control. The seedling bud length and root length were reduced by 50% and 43% respectively. As the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid added to the seed soaking solution increased, the damage caused by fenitrothide and ethosalin to rice seed germination rate, bud length, and root length gradually decreased (Table 3, Figure 3). Compared with the fenithide·acetoallin treatment, the rice seed germination rate was significantly increased by 24%, 15% and 11% in the presence of 0.1μM, 1μM and 10μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, and in the presence of amino oligosaccharides The seed germination rate increased by 3%, but there was no significant difference; in the presence of 0.1μM, 1μM and 10μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, the shoot length increased by 100%, 133% and 200% respectively. There was no significant change in glycosin treatment; in the presence of 0.1 μM, 1 μM and 10 μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, root length increased by 75%, 75% and 63% respectively, and there was no significant difference in aminooligosaccharin treatment. Obviously, each treatment concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid significantly alleviated the phytotoxicity of fenitrothid and ethosalin to rice, but the commercial plant immune activator aminooligosaccharin could not significantly alleviate the phytotoxicity of rice. Moreover, 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid had the best treatment effect at a concentration of 10 μM, with the germination rate, shoot length, and root length reaching 92%, 150%, and 93% of the blank control, respectively.
表4 0.1g/L赤霉素与杀螟·乙蒜素浸种对水稻种子萌发率、芽长和根长的影响Table 4 Effects of seed soaking with 0.1g/L gibberellin and fenitrothide·acetoallin on rice seed germination rate, bud length and root length
为确定2-氨基-3-甲基己酸是否因具有促生长活性而缓解水稻浸种剂杀螟·乙蒜素的药害，选取具有促生长功能的赤霉素(0.1g/L)作为阳性对照进行实验，方法同上。结果表明，赤霉素浸种提高了水稻种子萌发率，与清水对照相比提高了8％，幼苗芽长和根长分别提高了63％和5％。杀螟·乙蒜素150倍稀释液浸种严重降低水稻种子萌发率，与清水对照相比降低了10％，幼苗芽长降低了75％，根长降低了36％。在浸种液中加入赤霉素后，杀螟·乙蒜素对水稻种子萌发率、芽长与根长的伤害无显著缓解(表4，附图4)。存在0.1g/L赤霉素时，与杀螟·乙蒜素相比水稻种子萌发率降低了11％，芽长无显著变化，根长降低了7％，但无显著差异；而加入10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸水稻种子萌发率提高了5％，芽长增加了33％，根长增加了36％。显然，赤霉素的使用没有显著缓解杀螟·乙蒜素对水稻种子的伤害。以上结果说明，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种处理能够有效缓解水稻浸种剂杀螟·乙蒜素的药害问题。In order to determine whether 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid can alleviate the phytotoxicity of the rice seed soaking agent ethosalin due to its growth-promoting activity, gibberellin (0.1g/L) with growth-promoting function was selected as a positive Conduct experiments with controls, using the same method as above. The results showed that gibberellin seed soaking improved the germination rate of rice seeds by 8% compared with the clear water control, and the seedling bud length and root length increased by 63% and 5% respectively. Soaking seeds in a 150-fold dilution of Boremite and Acetoallin seriously reduced the germination rate of rice seeds, which was reduced by 10% compared with the clear water control. The seedling bud length was reduced by 75% and the root length was reduced by 36%. After adding gibberellin to the seed soaking solution, the damage caused by fenitrothide and ethosalin to rice seed germination rate, bud length and root length was not significantly alleviated (Table 4, Appendix Figure 4). In the presence of 0.1g/L gibberellin, the rice seed germination rate was reduced by 11% compared with fenitrothide·acetoallin, the bud length had no significant change, and the root length was reduced by 7%, but there was no significant difference; while adding 10 μM 2 -Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid increased rice seed germination rate by 5%, shoot length by 33%, and root length by 36%. Obviously, the use of gibberellins did not significantly alleviate the damage caused by fenitrothid and ethosalin to rice seeds. The above results show that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid seed soaking treatment can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity problem of the rice seed soaking agent, ethosalin.
实施例3：2-氨基-3-甲基己酸缓解异丙隆对小麦种子萌发和幼苗的伤害Example 3: 2-Amino-3-methylhexanoic acid alleviates the damage of isoproturon to wheat seed germination and seedlings
将小麦种子(品种为“扬辐麦4号”)用蒸馏水冲洗干净，用75％酒精消毒3分钟，用蒸馏水清洗3次，再用NaClO(5％)对小麦种子进行消毒约10分钟，取出后用蒸馏水冲洗干净，然后使用干净清洁的滤纸吸取种子表面残留的水分，直至表面干爽。挑选健康饱满均一的种子4g(克)，放置于50mL(毫升)离心管中。每管分别加入清水、浓度0.1、1、10μM(微摩尔/升)的2-氨基-3-甲基己酸、0.1％氨基寡糖素水溶液和0.1g/L(克/升)赤霉素8mL，然后每管中加入0.024g异丙隆(3g/L)。搅拌使种子完全浸没在药液内，浸种48h后，不冲洗，直接催芽。每组试验三个重复，每个重复用镊子随机挑选30粒稻种放入预先铺好湿润滤纸的培养皿内，放置28℃培养室中至小麦种子露白，放入4℃培养箱中暗处理2天后在28℃培养室中进行催芽处理。等待约2天，记录小麦种子萌发率、芽长与根长。Rinse the wheat seeds (the variety is "Yangfumai No. 4") with distilled water, disinfect with 75% alcohol for 3 minutes, wash with distilled water 3 times, then use NaClO (5%) to sterilize the wheat seeds for about 10 minutes, and take them out Rinse thoroughly with distilled water, and then use clean filter paper to absorb the remaining moisture on the surface of the seeds until the surface is dry. Select 4g (grams) of healthy, plump and uniform seeds and place them in a 50mL (ml) centrifuge tube. Add water, 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 μM (micromol/L), 0.1% aminooligosaccharin aqueous solution, and 0.1g/L (grams/L) gibberellin to each tube. 8mL, then add 0.024g isoproturon (3g/L) to each tube. Stir so that the seeds are completely immersed in the liquid. After soaking the seeds for 48 hours, do not rinse them and germinate directly. Each group of experiments was repeated three times. For each repetition, 30 rice seeds were randomly selected with tweezers and placed in a petri dish pre-paved with moist filter paper. They were placed in a 28°C incubation room until the wheat seeds were white and then placed in a 4°C incubator for dark treatment. After 2 days, germination treatment was carried out in a 28°C culture room. Wait for about 2 days and record the wheat seed germination rate, shoot length and root length.
表5不同浓度2-氨基-3-甲基己酸、氨基寡糖素、赤霉素与异丙隆浸种对小麦种子萌发率、芽长和根长的影响Table 5 Effects of different concentrations of 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid, aminooligosaccharides, gibberellin and isoproturon on seed germination rate, shoot length and root length of wheat
结果表明，异丙隆稀释液浸种严重降低小麦种子萌发率，与清水对照相比降低了81％，幼苗芽长和根长分别降低了65％和63％。随着浸种液中加入2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度的上升，异丙隆对小麦种子萌发率、芽长与根长的伤害逐渐减轻(表5，附图5)。与异丙隆处理相比，存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，小麦种子萌发率显著提高了308％、369％和392％，存在氨基寡糖素时种子萌发率提高了100％；存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，芽长分别增加了100％、150％和150％，存在氨基寡糖素时芽长增加了17％，但没有显著差异；存在0.1μM、1μM和10μM 2-氨基-3-甲基己酸时，根长分别增加了73％、118％和127％，存在氨基寡糖素时根长增加了18％，但没有显著差异。显然，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸各处理浓度能显著缓解异丙隆对小麦的药害，但商业植物免疫激活剂氨基寡糖素并不能明显缓解异丙隆对小麦的药害。当2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浓度大于1μM时，对小麦种子的缓解作用不再显著增加。因此，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸在1μM浓度时处理效果最佳，萌发率、芽长和根长分别达到空白对照的87％、88％和80％。以上结果说明2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种处理能够有效缓解小麦浸种剂异丙隆的药害问题。The results showed that soaking seeds in isoproturon dilute solution seriously reduced the germination rate of wheat seeds, which was reduced by 81% compared with the clear water control. The shoot length and root length of seedlings were reduced by 65% and 63% respectively. As the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid added to the seed soaking solution increased, the damage caused by isoproturon to wheat seed germination rate, shoot length, and root length gradually decreased (Table 5, Appendix Figure 5). Compared with isoproturon treatment, the germination rates of wheat seeds were significantly increased by 308%, 369% and 392% in the presence of 0.1μM, 1μM and 10μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid. Germination rate increased by 100%; bud length increased by 100%, 150% and 150% in the presence of 0.1μM, 1μM and 10μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, respectively, and bud length increased in the presence of aminooligosaccharins 17%, but no significant difference; root length increased by 73%, 118% and 127% in the presence of 0.1μM, 1μM and 10μM 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid, respectively, and root length increased in the presence of aminooligosaccharins 18%, but no significant difference. Obviously, each treatment concentration of 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid can significantly alleviate the phytotoxicity of isoproturon on wheat, but the commercial plant immune activator aminooligosaccharin cannot significantly alleviate the phytotoxicity of isoproturon on wheat. When the concentration of 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid is greater than 1 μM, the mitigating effect on wheat seeds no longer increases significantly. Therefore, 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid had the best treatment effect at a concentration of 1 μM, with the germination rate, shoot length, and root length reaching 87%, 88%, and 80% of the blank control, respectively. The above results indicate that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid seed soaking treatment can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity problem of the wheat seed soaking agent isopropuron.
为排除2-氨基-3-甲基己酸因促生长而缓解异丙隆稀释液对小麦的药害，选取具有促生长功能的赤霉素(0.1g/L)作为阳性对照进行实验。结果表明，赤霉素浸种提高了小麦种子萌发率，与清水对照相比提高了7％，幼苗芽长提高了18％,根长抑制了7％。在异丙隆浸种液中加入赤霉素后，异丙隆对小麦种子萌发率、芽长与根长的伤害无显著缓解(表5，附图5)。存在0.1g/L赤霉素时，与异丙隆相比小麦种子萌发率降低了8％，芽长增加了33％，根长增加了18％，但无显著差异。显然，赤霉素的使用没有显著缓解异丙隆对小麦种子的伤害。以上结果说明，2-氨基-3-甲基己酸浸种处理能够有效缓解水小麦浸种剂异丙隆的药害问题。In order to rule out that 2-amino-3-methylcaproic acid alleviates the phytotoxicity of isoproturon dilute solution on wheat by promoting growth, gibberellin (0.1g/L) with growth-promoting function was selected as a positive control for the experiment. The results showed that gibberellin seed soaking improved the germination rate of wheat seeds by 7% compared with the clear water control, the seedling bud length increased by 18%, and the root length was inhibited by 7%. After adding gibberellin to isoproturon seed soaking solution, the damage of isoproturon to wheat seed germination rate, shoot length and root length was not significantly alleviated (Table 5, Appendix Figure 5). In the presence of 0.1g/L gibberellin, compared with isoproturon, wheat seed germination rate decreased by 8%, shoot length increased by 33%, and root length increased by 18%, but there was no significant difference. Obviously, the use of gibberellin did not significantly alleviate the damage of isoproturon to wheat seeds. The above results show that 2-amino-3-methylhexanoic acid seed soaking treatment can effectively alleviate the phytotoxicity problem of water wheat seed soaking agent isopropuron.
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| CN118104651B (en)* | 2024-01-15 | 2025-09-12 | 南京农业大学 | Application of 3-methyl-2-methylaminovaleric acid as a plant injury mitigator |
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