Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the application is to provide a low-power-consumption ultrasonic deicing method and device for flight equipment, and the method and device have the characteristic of lower energy consumption on the basis of reducing ice residues.
In a first aspect, an embodiment provides a low-power consumption ultrasonic deicing method for flight equipment, which is applied to an ultrasonic deicing device, and is characterized in that the deicing device comprises an ultrasonic signal generator, a power amplifier, an actuator and a frequency adjustment module; the power amplifier is used for receiving the ultrasonic sweep frequency signal and performing power amplification to output a current driving signal; the actuator is used for generating vibration under the excitation of the current driving signal so as to drive the skin of the flying equipment to vibrate to realize deicing; the frequency adjusting module comprises a measuring circuit and a control circuit, wherein the measuring circuit is used for measuring the transmitting power and the reflecting power of the power amplifier and transmitting a measuring signal to the control circuit, and the control circuit is used for controlling the sweep frequency and the sweep power of an ultrasonic sweep signal generated by the ultrasonic signal generator based on the obtained transmitting power and the reflecting power; the method for preventing and removing ice comprises at least one round of ice preventing and removing process, and for any round of ice preventing and removing method, the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring first net power, controlling the ultrasonic signal generator to generate an ultrasonic sweep signal in a preset sweep frequency range and a first sweep power, so that the power amplifier outputs first preset transmitting power, periodically acquiring reflected power, and acquiring real-time net power as the first net power; where net power = transmit power-reflected power;
acquiring deicing starting time and reference frequency sweep, calculating the deviation of the first net power and preset ice-free net power as a first deviation, judging whether the first deviation reaches a preset first deviation threshold value, if so, recording the current time as the deicing starting time, and taking the frequency sweep frequency corresponding to the first net power under the condition that the first deviation reaches the preset first deviation threshold value as the reference frequency sweep frequency;
the deicing is started, third net power and reference net power are obtained, at the moment of starting the deicing, the ultrasonic signal generator is controlled to generate an ultrasonic frequency sweep signal with preset second frequency sweep power and reference frequency sweep, so that the power amplifier outputs second preset transmitting power, and the second frequency sweep power is larger than the first frequency sweep power; under the second preset transmitting power, acquiring reflected power at any moment after and at the moment when deicing starts, and calculating corresponding net power as third net power, wherein the third net power acquired at the moment when deicing starts is used as reference net power;
calculating the deviation between the third net power and the reference net power as a second deviation, and judging whether the second deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value or not;
if the second deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value, repeating the process of acquiring the first net power, the process of acquiring the deicing starting time and the reference frequency sweep frequency, and the process of starting deicing and acquiring the third net power and the reference net power to acquire a new reference frequency sweep frequency and a new reference net power; wherein the repeatedly performing the process of obtaining the first net power includes: for any one repeatedly executed process, executing based on a new sweep frequency range, wherein the upper limit of the new sweep frequency range is obtained based on the current reference sweep frequency;
calculating the deviation of the third net power and the preset ice-free net power as a third deviation, and calculating the deviation of the new reference frequency sweep frequency and the preset ice-free frequency sweep frequency as a fourth deviation; judging whether the third deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value or not, and judging whether the fourth deviation reaches the preset third deviation threshold value or not; if so, ending the process of preventing and removing ice, entering the next process of preventing and removing ice, if not, updating the obtained new reference frequency sweep frequency to the reference frequency sweep frequency, updating the obtained new reference net power to the reference net power, acquiring the third net power in real time, and executing the process of calculating the deviation between the third net power and the reference net power as a second deviation, and judging whether the second deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value or not and the subsequent processes.
In one embodiment, if the second deviation does not reach the preset second deviation threshold, determining whether the deicing time based on the current reference frequency sweep reaches the preset deicing time threshold;
if the preset deicing time threshold is reached, calculating the deviation of the third net power and the preset ice-free net power as a third deviation, and calculating the deviation of the reference frequency sweep and the preset ice-free frequency sweep as a fourth deviation; judging whether the third deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value or not, and judging whether the fourth deviation reaches the preset third deviation threshold value or not; if so, entering the next round of ice prevention and removal process; if not, indicating that residual ice which is difficult to remove exists, and entering the next round of ice removal process.
In one embodiment, the calculating the deviation of the third net power from the preset ice-free net power is used as a third deviation, and the calculating the deviation of the reference frequency sweep and the preset ice-free frequency sweep is used as a fourth deviation; judging whether the third deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value or not and whether the fourth deviation reaches the preset third deviation threshold value or not, wherein the judging comprises the following steps:
judging whether or not to meet，
Wherein,for the third net power, +.>For no ice net power, +.>For the reference sweep frequency>For the iceless sweep frequency->For a second deviation threshold, +.>And the ice-free net power is the net power of the wing when the wing is free of ice, and the ice-free net power is a preset third deviation threshold value.
In one embodiment, the calculating the deviation between the first net power and the preset ice-free net power as the first deviation, and determining whether the first deviation reaches a preset first deviation threshold value includes:
，
wherein,P1 a first net power is indicated and a second net power is indicated,Pclean indicating a net power without ice,Pc1 representing a first deviation threshold; the net power without ice is the net power of the wing without ice.
In one embodiment, the clean ice-free power is deicing clean power under the condition of no ice obtained based on a test, and the sweep frequency corresponding to the clean ice-free power is an ice-free sweep frequency.
In one embodiment, the lower range limit of the preset sweep frequency range is obtained based on the ice-free sweep frequency.
In one embodiment, the new swept frequency range includes the range of [ [fclean+∆fscan1 ，f0+∆fscan2 ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein,fclean for the frequency of the ice-free sweep,f0for the reference frequency sweep frequency,∆fscan1 and∆fscan2 all being the set error range threshold.
In a second aspect, an embodiment provides a low power consumption ultrasonic deicing device for use in a flying apparatus, comprising an ultrasonic signal generator, a power amplifier, an actuator, and a frequency adjustment module; the power amplifier is used for receiving the ultrasonic sweep frequency signal and performing power amplification to output a current driving signal; the actuator is used for generating vibration under the excitation of the current driving signal so as to drive the skin of the flying equipment to vibrate to realize deicing; the frequency adjusting module comprises a measuring circuit and a control circuit, wherein the measuring circuit is used for measuring the transmitting power and the reflecting power of the power amplifier and transmitting the measuring signal to the control circuit, and the control circuit is used for controlling the sweep frequency and the sweep power of the ultrasonic sweep signal generated by the ultrasonic signal generator based on the obtained transmitting power and the reflecting power.
In one embodiment, the measurement circuit includes a bi-directional coupling circuit including a first transformer, a second transformer, an input port, a transmission port, a coupling port, and an isolation port; the input port is connected with the current driving signal output end of the power amplifier and is connected to the primary line of the first transformer; the transmission port is connected with a driving signal input end of the actuator and is connected to a primary line of the second transformer; the coupling port is connected to a secondary line of the first transformer and is used for measuring the transmitting power of the power amplifier; the isolation port is connected to a secondary line of the second transformer and is used for measuring the reflected power of the power amplifier; the coupled port and the isolated port are both connected to a control circuit.
In a third aspect, an embodiment provides a computer readable storage medium having stored therein a program capable of being loaded by a processor and executing the low power consumption ultrasonic ice control method for a flying apparatus of any one of the embodiments described above.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the third net power and the reference net power obtained in real time are used for judging the sweep frequency and the sweep power of the ice prevention and removal device, wherein the sweep frequency and the sweep power are automatically tuned along with the change of the ice coating state, so that the working energy consumption of the ultrasonic ice prevention and removal device is reduced on the basis of effectively reducing the ice residue by taking the minimum impedance as a guide.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings by means of specific embodiments. Wherein like elements in different embodiments are numbered alike in association. In the following embodiments, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, one skilled in the art will readily recognize that some of the features may be omitted, or replaced by other elements, materials, or methods in different situations. In some instances, some operations associated with the present application have not been shown or described in the specification to avoid obscuring the core portions of the present application, and may not be necessary for a person skilled in the art to describe in detail the relevant operations based on the description herein and the general knowledge of one skilled in the art.
Furthermore, the described features, operations, or characteristics of the description may be combined in any suitable manner in various embodiments. Also, various steps or acts in the method descriptions may be interchanged or modified in a manner apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various orders in the description and drawings are for clarity of description of only certain embodiments, and are not meant to be required orders unless otherwise indicated.
The numbering of the components itself, e.g. "first", "second", etc., is used herein merely to distinguish between the described objects and does not have any sequential or technical meaning. The terms "coupled" and "connected," as used herein, are intended to encompass both direct and indirect coupling (coupling), unless otherwise indicated.
For convenience of explanation of the inventive concept of the present application, an ultrasonic deicing technique for flight equipment will be briefly described below.
The ultrasonic deicing technology is based on the speed difference of ultrasonic wave propagation in the ice-skin, and excites the shearing stress of an interface, so that the ice is separated from the surface of the skin under the action of the shearing force. At present, the ultrasonic deicing technology generally adopts piezoelectric ceramics as an actuator, and in order to improve efficiency and reduce energy consumption, the excitation frequency is selected according to the minimum impedance principle of the actuator-icing skin, and the frequency is generally kept unchanged in the deicing process.
However, the inventors found in the study that the thickness and distribution of the ice accumulation generated on the aircraft wing by different icing conditions are different, and the ice is continuously dropped in the deicing process, and the frequency value corresponding to the minimum impedance of the actuator-icing skin system is in a change, so that the minimum impedance requirement is often difficult to be met by a single frequency, the ice cannot be removed with the lowest energy consumption, and the residual ice is easy to exist. What is needed is a low energy ultrasonic deicing device with excitation frequency that is automatically tuned as the icing condition changes.
In view of the above problems, the application provides a low-power consumption ultrasonic deicing method and device for flight equipment, which enable excitation frequency to be automatically tuned along with the change of icing state, and have the characteristic of lower energy consumption on the basis of reducing ice residues. In order to more clearly explain the present embodiment, the ice control device will be described first.
In one embodiment of the present application, a low power ultrasonic anti-icing and deicing apparatus for use with a flying device is provided, please refer to fig. 1, comprising an ultrasonic signal generator, a power amplifier, an actuator, and a frequency adjustment module. The power amplifier is used for receiving the ultrasonic sweep frequency signal and amplifying the power to output a current driving signal. For the ultrasonic signal generator, an ultrasonic sweep signal with a certain sweep frequency range and a certain sweep power can be generated, and an ultrasonic sweep signal with a certain sweep frequency and a certain sweep power can also be generated.
The actuator is used for generating vibration under the excitation of the current driving signal so as to drive the skin of the flying equipment to vibrate to realize deicing. In one embodiment, the vibration of a wing skin of a flying device is illustrated. In one embodiment, the ultrasonic signal generator, the power amplifier and the frequency adjusting module are integrated in the aircraft, and are fixed by the aircraft bracket, the actuator is made of piezoelectric ceramic material, is adhered to a specific position on the inner side of the front edge of the wing through high-adhesion and high-strength glue, and generates high-frequency vibration of more than 10kHz under the excitation of a current signal of the power amplifier, so that the wing skin is driven to vibrate.
The frequency adjusting module comprises a measuring circuit and a control circuit, wherein the measuring circuit is used for measuring the transmitting power and the reflecting power of the power amplifier and transmitting the measuring signal to the control circuit, and the control circuit is used for controlling the sweep frequency and the sweep power of the ultrasonic sweep signal generated by the ultrasonic signal generator based on the obtained transmitting power and the reflecting power, so that the adjustment of the optimal working frequency and the working power is realized, and the characteristic of lower energy consumption is realized on the basis of reducing ice residues.
In one embodiment, the system further comprises a power supply module, wherein the power supply module is used for supplying power to the ultrasonic signal generator, the power amplifier, the actuator and the frequency adjusting module, and the capacity of the power supply module is designed based on the duration of icing environment encountered in the flight process of the flying equipment and the statistical result of power required for deicing.
In one embodiment, the measurement circuit may further include a power amplification adjustment module for adjusting a power amplification factor of the power amplifier to the ultrasonic frequency sweep signal to be small without requiring a higher power amplification factor, thereby reducing power consumption.
In one embodiment, the measurement circuit includes a bi-directional coupling circuit, please refer to fig. 2, including a first transformer, a second transformer, an input port, a transmission port, a coupling port, and an isolation port. The input port is connected with the current driving signal output end of the power amplifier and is connected to the primary line of the first transformer. The transmission port is connected to the drive signal input of the actuator and to the primary line of the second transformer. The coupling port is connected to a secondary line of the first transformer for measuring the transmit power of the power amplifier. The isolation port is connected to the secondary line of the second transformer for measuring the reflected power of the power amplifier. The coupling port and the isolation port are both connected to the control circuit.
In one embodiment, a bi-directional coupling circuit may be integrated into the power amplifier to sample the transmit power, which is the power generated by the amplifier and output out through the output port, and the reflected power, which is the power reflected back to the output port of the power amplifier by the load (i.e., the actuator). Based on the transmit power and the reflected power, the net power delivered to the load = transmit power-reflected power can be determined in real time, based on which the optimal operating frequency and operating power can be determined.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides a low-power consumption ultrasonic deicing method for flight equipment, so as to be applied to the ultrasonic deicing device of any one of the above embodiments, where the deicing method includes at least one deicing process, and the deicing method of any one of the following is described, including:
step S10, obtaining a first net power. The ultrasonic wave signal generator is controlled to generate an ultrasonic wave sweep frequency signal in a preset sweep frequency range and at a first sweep power, so that the power amplifier outputs a first preset transmitting power. And periodically acquiring reflected power, and acquiring real-time net power as first net power.
In one embodiment, the predetermined sweep frequency range includes a experimentally derived deicing sweep frequency range that covers all icing conditions. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that all icing conditions herein are ideal conditions and are practically limited to all icing conditions known or tested by researchers.
In one embodiment, the first preset transmitting power may be a small detecting power, where the detecting power is set according to actual requirements, and only needs to find the moment of starting deicing and the reference frequency sweep frequency, so that the smaller the better the smaller the first preset transmitting power is, the more energy consumption can be reduced.
And S20, acquiring deicing starting time and reference sweep frequency. Calculating the deviation between the first net power and the preset ice-free net power as a first deviation, judging whether the first deviation reaches a preset first deviation threshold value, if so, recording the current moment as the moment for starting deicingt0 And taking the sweep frequency corresponding to the first net power under the condition that the first deviation reaches a preset first deviation threshold value as a reference sweep frequency.
In one embodiment, calculating a deviation of the first net power from the ice-free net power as the first deviation, and determining whether the first deviation reaches a preset first deviation threshold value includes:
，
wherein,P1 a first net power is indicated and a second net power is indicated,Pclean indicating a net power without ice,Pc1 representing a first deviation threshold; the net ice free power may be the net power obtained experimentally when the wing is free of ice.
In one embodiment, the first deviation threshold may be set to 5% or 3%, specifically based on the actual requirements. And when the first deviation threshold is reached, the wing starts to freeze, and deicing is needed.
Step S30, deicing is started and a third net power and a reference net power are obtained. And at the moment of deicing start, controlling the ultrasonic signal generator to generate an ultrasonic sweep signal with a preset second sweep power and a reference sweep frequency so that the power amplifier outputs a second preset transmitting power. The second sweep power is greater than the first sweep power, and the second preset transmitting power is greater than the first preset transmitting power. And under the second preset transmitting power, acquiring the reflected power at any moment after and at the moment when deicing starts, and calculating the corresponding net power as third net power, wherein the third net power acquired at the moment when deicing starts is used as the reference net power.
And entering a deicing stage, and deicing by using a second preset transmitting power which is a deicing power and is larger than the detection power in the step S10 by the power amplifier so as to realize effective deicing.
In one embodiment, to reduce power consumption, the amplification of the first swept power to the first preset transmit power is less than the amplification of the second swept power to the second preset transmit power. Since the first preset transmit power may be a small probe power, a lower amplification factor is also required to meet the requirement, and for the deicing phase, a larger amplification factor is required because a larger transmit power process is required to deicing.
Step S40, calculating the deviation between the third net power and the reference net power as a second deviation, and judging whether the second deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold. In one embodiment, the method comprises the steps of:，
wherein,for the third net power, +.>For reference net power, +.>As a result of the second deviation threshold value,f0for the reference frequency sweep frequency,tand 0 is the moment of starting deicing.
In one embodiment, the second deviation threshold may be set to 5% or 3%, specifically based on actual requirements.
If the preset second deviation threshold is reached, it is indicated that the deicing device does not operate with better deicing efficiency at this time, because the mode characteristics of deicing are changed after the deicing of the wing surface, and the resonant frequency is changed, so that the sweep frequency needs to be adjusted, the impedance is reduced, and a larger reference net power is obtained, and the process proceeds to step S50.
Step S50, performing the process of step S10 to obtain a first net power based on the new sweep frequency range, and performing the process of step S20 to obtain a new reference sweep frequencyThe process of step S30 is performed to obtain the third net power and the new reference net power +.>。
To improve sweep frequency adjustmentMeanwhile, the algorithm is simplified, and the resonant frequency is found by adopting a linear sweep frequency mode. The applicant found in the research that the surface icing can increase the resonance frequency of the thin-wall wing, and the ice gradually falls off, so that the resonance frequency gradually falls off, and the upper limit of the new frequency sweeping range is based on the current reference frequency sweepingf0.
In one embodiment, the range of the new swept frequency range includesfclean ，f0]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein,fclean is an iceless sweep frequency.
In one embodiment, the net ice free power is a net ice free power obtained based on an experiment under the condition of no ice, and the frequency of the sweep frequency corresponding to the net ice free power is an ice free frequency of the sweep.
In an embodiment, the preset sweep frequency range in step S10 and/or the lower range limit of the new sweep frequency range is obtained based on the ice-free sweep frequency.
In one embodiment, to ensure that the swept frequency interval completely includes the resonance frequency without ice during the first net power acquisition, please refer to fig. 4, in [ [fclean ，f0]Expanding an error range threshold to both sides on the basis of (1) thus obtaining a new frequency range of the sweep frequency range comprisingfclean+∆fscan1 ，f0+∆fscan2 ]The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Wherein,∆fscan1 and∆fscan2 all being the set error range threshold.∆fscan1 And∆fscan2 may be equal or unequal. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device,∆fscan1 is based onfclean To the left extendfclean An error range threshold of 3% to 5%,∆fscan1 is based onf0Expands to the right sidef0An error range threshold of 3% to 5%.
The sweep interval can be obtained by icing and deicing experiments of specific airfoil structures, so that the sweep time in the range is not more than a few seconds each time, and the deicing efficiency is ensured.
Step S60, calculating the deviation of the third net power and the preset ice-free net power as a third deviation, and calculating the deviation of the new reference frequency sweep frequency and the preset ice-free frequency sweep frequency as a fourth deviation; and judging whether the third deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value or not, and judging whether the fourth deviation reaches the preset third deviation threshold value or not. In one embodiment, includes determining whether it is full，
Wherein,for no ice net power, +.>For a new reference frequency sweep frequency, +.>Is a preset third deviation threshold.
In one embodiment, the third deviation threshold may be set to 5% or 3%, specifically based on actual requirements.
In one embodiment, if the third deviation does not reach the preset second deviation threshold value and the fourth deviation does not reach the preset third deviation threshold value, the system is indicated to have almost no residual ice, the indication that the system has almost no residual ice is output, the ice preventing and removing process of the present round is finished, and the next round of ice preventing and removing process is started.
In one embodiment, when the third deviation reaches the preset second deviation threshold and the fourth deviation reaches the preset third deviation threshold, it indicates that the deicing system is not operating with better deicing efficiency, and step S70 is performed.
Step S70, updating the obtained new reference frequency sweep frequency to the reference frequency sweep frequency, updating the obtained new reference net power to the reference net power, acquiring the third net power in real time and returning to the step S40.
In one embodiment, in step S40, if the preset second deviation threshold is not reached, step S80 is entered,
step S80, judging whether the deicing time based on the current reference sweep frequency reaches a preset deicing time threshold, if so, entering step S90.
In one embodiment, since the third net power is periodically obtained, the method for determining whether the deicing time reaches a preset deicing time threshold comprises:
obtaining the number N of periodically obtaining the third net power, and judging whether the number N reaches a preset critical number threshold Nc If so, it is indicated that the deicing state of the wing surface in this state is stable, and the process proceeds to step S90.
Step S90, calculating the deviation of the third net power and the preset ice-free net power as a third deviation, and calculating the deviation of the reference frequency sweep frequency and the preset ice-free frequency sweep frequency as a fourth deviation; and judging whether the third deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value or not, and judging whether the fourth deviation reaches the preset third deviation threshold value or not. In one embodiment, includes determining whether it is full，
Wherein,for the third net power, +.>For no ice net power, +.>For the reference sweep frequency>For the iceless sweep frequency->Is a preset third deviation threshold value
In one embodiment, if the third deviation does not reach the preset second deviation threshold value and the fourth deviation does not reach the preset third deviation threshold value, the fact that the surface of the wing is almost free of residual ice is indicated, a prompt that the system is almost free of residual ice is output, the ice preventing and removing process of the wheel is finished, and the next ice preventing and removing process is carried out.
In one embodiment, when the third deviation reaches a preset second deviation threshold value and the fourth deviation reaches a preset third deviation threshold value, it is indicated that residual ice which is difficult to remove is on the surface of the wing, the continuous deicing effect is not obvious, the output system has a prompt of residual ice which is difficult to remove, and the ice ends the anti-icing process of the wheel, so that the next wheel is started.
Based on the scheme, the minimum impedance is used as a guide, the frequency sweep frequency and the frequency sweep power of the ice prevention and removal are automatically tuned along with the change of the ice coating state, and the energy consumption is lower on the basis of effectively reducing the ice residue.
An embodiment of the present application provides a computer readable storage medium having a program stored thereon, where the stored program includes a method that can be loaded by a processor and processed in any of the above embodiments.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the functions of the various methods in the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a computer program. When all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by means of a computer program, the program may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and the storage medium may include: read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, hard disk, etc., and the program is executed by a computer to realize the above-mentioned functions. For example, the program is stored in the memory of the device, and when the program in the memory is executed by the processor, all or part of the functions described above can be realized. In addition, when all or part of the functions in the above embodiments are implemented by means of a computer program, the program may be stored in a storage medium such as a server, another computer, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a flash disk, or a removable hard disk, and the program in the above embodiments may be implemented by downloading or copying the program into a memory of a local device or updating a version of a system of the local device, and when the program in the memory is executed by a processor.
The foregoing description of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be limiting. Several simple deductions, modifications or substitutions may also be made by a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, based on the idea of the invention.