技术领域Technical field
本发明属于气体流量计量领域，具体涉及一种超声波气体流量计及气体流量监测方法。The invention belongs to the field of gas flow measurement, and specifically relates to an ultrasonic gas flow meter and a gas flow monitoring method.
背景技术Background technique
用超声波测量气体流量是目前被广泛使用的一种流量计量方式，大多数都是基于飞行时间（TOF）用TDC法实现的，例如ACAM公司的GP2方案、睿感公司（荷兰）的AS6040方案、Maxim公司的MAX35104方案；也有做相关性分析的，例如TI公司提供的ADC方案，在本质上也是时差法。Measuring gas flow using ultrasonic waves is currently a widely used flow measurement method. Most of them are implemented using the TDC method based on time of flight (TOF), such as the GP2 solution of ACAM Company, the AS6040 solution of Ruigan Company (Netherlands), Maxim's MAX35104 solution; some also do correlation analysis, such as the ADC solution provided by TI, which is essentially a time difference method.
众所周知，随着时间推移，超声换能器的性能会有所下降，中心频率会产生漂移，进而影响到流量计的测量精度与长期稳定性；另外，因为时差太小，目前的超声流量计还普遍存在单次测量数据无效问题，导致输出“零流量”，影响流量的安全判断；而时差法测量方案硬件成本高且换能器与模组受制于少数硬件供应商。As we all know, as time goes by, the performance of the ultrasonic transducer will decline, and the center frequency will drift, which will affect the measurement accuracy and long-term stability of the flow meter. In addition, because the time difference is too small, the current ultrasonic flow meter still has There is a common problem of invalid single measurement data, resulting in "zero flow" output, which affects the safety judgment of flow; the time-difference method measurement solution has high hardware costs and the transducers and modules are restricted by a few hardware suppliers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明针对以上技术问题，提出一种通过监测接收单元的周期性信号，获得连续周期信号的周期数与积分时差，进而获得周期信号的精确频率，再与发射信号的频率做比较，根据多普勒效应计算出介质流速，进而实现气体流量计量的超声波气体流量计及气体流量监测方法。In view of the above technical problems, the present invention proposes a method to obtain the period number and integral time difference of the continuous periodic signal by monitoring the periodic signal of the receiving unit, and then obtain the precise frequency of the periodic signal, and then compare it with the frequency of the transmitted signal. According to the Doppler The ultrasonic gas flow meter and gas flow monitoring method can be used to calculate the medium flow rate based on the Le effect, thereby realizing gas flow measurement.
一种超声波气体流量计，设有控制单元、发射单元、接收单元、供电单元，所述控制单元与所述发射单元之间设有信号处理单元，所述控制单元与所述接收单元之间设有信号放大单元，所述控制单元上连接有计数单元，所述供电单元与所述控制单元连接；An ultrasonic gas flow meter is provided with a control unit, a transmitting unit, a receiving unit, and a power supply unit. A signal processing unit is provided between the control unit and the transmitting unit, and a signal processing unit is provided between the control unit and the receiving unit. There is a signal amplification unit, a counting unit is connected to the control unit, and the power supply unit is connected to the control unit;
所述信号处理单元用于激发所述发射单元产生与其频率相同的超声波振动信号；所述信号放大单元用于将接收单元产生的信号放大至满足所述计数单元识别出周期数的程度，或者足以引发所述控制单元发生中断响应的级别；所述计数单元用于获取所述信号放大单元接收信号的周期数与时差。The signal processing unit is used to stimulate the transmitting unit to generate an ultrasonic vibration signal with the same frequency as the ultrasonic vibration signal; the signal amplifying unit is used to amplify the signal generated by the receiving unit to a degree that meets the counting unit to identify the number of cycles, or is sufficient The level that causes the control unit to generate an interrupt response; the counting unit is used to obtain the number of cycles and the time difference of the signal received by the signal amplification unit.
优选的，还设有两个气腔，分别为第一气腔和第二气腔，所述第一气腔上连接进气管道，所述第二气腔上连接出气管道，所述第一气腔和第二气腔之间设有隔板，所述隔板上设有气体通道，所述气体通道用于连通所述第一气腔和第二气腔，所述第一气腔和第二气腔的等效半径均大于所述进气管道、出气管道、气体通道的等效半径，以实现气体在所述第一气腔和第二气腔内的动静压转变；所述发射单元和所述接收单元分别置于所述第一气腔和第二气腔内，二者对应关系可互换。Preferably, there are two air chambers, namely a first air chamber and a second air chamber. The first air chamber is connected to an air inlet pipe, the second air chamber is connected to an air outlet pipe, and the first air chamber is connected to an air outlet pipe. A partition is provided between the air chamber and the second air chamber, and a gas channel is provided on the partition. The gas channel is used to connect the first air chamber and the second air chamber. The first air chamber and The equivalent radius of the second air chamber is larger than the equivalent radius of the air inlet pipe, the air outlet pipe, and the gas channel, so as to realize the dynamic and static pressure transformation of the gas in the first air chamber and the second air chamber; the launcher The unit and the receiving unit are respectively placed in the first air chamber and the second air chamber, and their corresponding relationships are interchangeable.
优选的，所述控制单元采用MCU控制器，所述发射单元采用超声波发射器，所述接收单元采用超声波接收器，所述信号放大单元设有II号信号放大器。Preferably, the control unit adopts an MCU controller, the transmitting unit adopts an ultrasonic transmitter, the receiving unit adopts an ultrasonic receiver, and the signal amplifying unit is provided with a No. II signal amplifier.
优选的，还设有压力采集器与温度采集器，所述压力采集器与温度采集器与MCU控制器连接，用于测量介质的压力与温度，以对工况流量进行温度与压力补偿。Preferably, a pressure collector and a temperature collector are also provided. The pressure collector and temperature collector are connected to the MCU controller and are used to measure the pressure and temperature of the medium to perform temperature and pressure compensation on the working flow rate.
优选的，所述计数单元采用计数器。Preferably, the counting unit uses a counter.
优选的，所述计数单元采用计数器和计时器配合使用。Preferably, the counting unit is used in conjunction with a counter and a timer.
优选的，所述信号处理单元设有I号信号放大器，MCU控制器产生脉冲信号，所述I号信号放大器用于将所述MCU控制器产生的脉冲信号放大成固定频率的周期信号，以激发超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号。Preferably, the signal processing unit is provided with a No. 1 signal amplifier, the MCU controller generates a pulse signal, and the No. 1 signal amplifier is used to amplify the pulse signal generated by the MCU controller into a fixed-frequency periodic signal to excite Ultrasonic transmitters produce vibration signals of the same frequency.
优选的，所述信号处理单元设有信号发生器，MCU控制器用于控制所述信号发生器产生固定频率的周期信号，以驱动超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号。Preferably, the signal processing unit is provided with a signal generator, and the MCU controller is used to control the signal generator to generate a periodic signal of a fixed frequency to drive the ultrasonic transmitter to generate a vibration signal of the same frequency.
一种气体流量监测方法，具体步骤为：A gas flow monitoring method, the specific steps are:
S1.1：MCU控制器每间隔一定的时间以固定频率f0发射一组电信号，MCU控制器发出的电信号经过I号信号放大器放大成固定频率的周期信号，以激发超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号，超声波信号的发射方向与介质的流动方向相反，即逆流监测，每次发射时间固定为a毫秒，超声波发射器被激发产生频率为f0的超声波信号；S1.1: The MCU controller transmits a set of electrical signals at a fixed frequency f0 at certain intervals. The electrical signals sent by the MCU controller are amplified by the No. I signal amplifier into a fixed-frequency periodic signal to stimulate the ultrasonic transmitter to generate the same Frequency vibration signal, the emission direction of the ultrasonic signal is opposite to the flow direction of the medium, that is, counterflow monitoring, each emission time is fixed to a millisecond, and the ultrasonic transmitter is excited to generate an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of f0 ;
S1.2：超声波信号抵达超声波接收器，引发谐振，产生周期性电信号，电信号经过II号信号放大器放大以满足计数器的计量需求；S1.2: The ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver, triggers resonance, and generates a periodic electrical signal. The electrical signal is amplified by the No. II signal amplifier to meet the measurement needs of the counter;
S1.3：计数器记录信号周期数与时差，设计数器的计数上限为（N+1)，当周期数达到（N+1)时，记录到的时差为t秒，则超声波接收器接收到的信号频率f=N／t；S1.3: The counter records the signal cycle number and time difference. The upper limit of the design counter is (N+1). When the cycle number reaches (N+1), the recorded time difference is t seconds, then the ultrasonic receiver receives Signal frequency f=N/t;
S1.4：设f＝f0-（N/t ）-b，则：S1.4: Assume f＝f0 -(N/t)-b, then:
工况流量qg=（f/f0）*/>，单位为m³/s；Working condition flow rate qg = ( f/f0 )*/> , unit is m³/s;
其中：=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在T0温度与P0压力下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；T0为基准条件下的温度，标况下为273.15K；P0为基准条件下的压力，标况下为101325pa；r为气体通道半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统初始参数，需要进行标定，标定方法为：在气体流速等于0的情况下进行标定，该工况下b＝（N/t）-f0。in: =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium under the T0 temperature and P0 pressure, in m/s; T0 is the temperature under the base conditions, which is 273.15K under the standard conditions; P0 is the pressure under the base conditions, which is 101325pa under the standard conditions; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the angle between the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the receiver resonator and the axis of the air channel; b is the initial parameter of the system, which needs to be calibrated. The calibration method is: : Calibration is performed when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. Under this working condition, b = (N/t)-f0.
一种气体流量监测方法，具体步骤为：A gas flow monitoring method, the specific steps are:
S2.1：MCU控制器每间隔一定的时间以固定频率f0发射一组电信号，MCU控制器发出的电信号经过I号信号放大器放大成固定频率的周期信号，以激发超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号，超声波信号的发射方向与介质的流动方向相同，即顺流监测，每次发射时间固定为a毫秒，超声波发射器被激发产生频率为f0的超声波信号；S2.1: The MCU controller transmits a set of electrical signals at a fixed frequency f0 at certain intervals. The electrical signals sent by the MCU controller are amplified by the No. I signal amplifier into a periodic signal of a fixed frequency to stimulate the ultrasonic transmitter to generate the same Frequency vibration signal, the emission direction of the ultrasonic signal is the same as the flow direction of the medium, that is, downstream monitoring, each emission time is fixed to a millisecond, and the ultrasonic transmitter is excited to generate an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of f0 ;
S2.2：超声波信号抵达超声波接收器，引发谐振，产生周期性电信号，电信号经过II号信号放大器放大以满足计数器的计量需求；S2.2: The ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver, triggers resonance, and generates periodic electrical signals. The electrical signals are amplified by the No. II signal amplifier to meet the measurement requirements of the counter;
S2.3：计数器记录信号周期数与时差，设计数器的计数上限为（N+1)，当周期数达到（N+1)时，记录到的时差为t秒，则超声波接收器接收到的信号频率f=N／t；S2.3: The counter records the signal cycle number and time difference. The upper limit of the design counter is (N+1). When the cycle number reaches (N+1), the recorded time difference is t seconds, then the ultrasonic receiver receives Signal frequency f=N/t;
S2.4：设f＝（N/t）-f0-b，则：S2.4: Assume f＝(N/t)-f0 -b, then:
工况流量qg=（f/f0）*/>，单位为m³/s；Working condition flow rate qg = ( f/f0 )*/> , unit is m³/s;
其中：=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在T0温度与P0压力下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；T0为基准条件下的温度，标况下为273.15K；P0为基准条件下的压力，标况下为101325pa；r为气体通道半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统初始参数，需要进行标定，标定方法为：在气体流速等于0的情况下进行标定，该工况下b＝（N/t）-f0。in: =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium under the T0 temperature and P0 pressure, in m/s; T0 is the temperature under the base conditions, which is 273.15K under the standard conditions; P0 is the pressure under the base conditions, which is 101325pa under the standard conditions; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the angle between the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the receiver resonator and the axis of the air channel; b is the initial parameter of the system, which needs to be calibrated. The calibration method is: : Calibration is performed when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. Under this working condition, b = (N/t)-f0.
一种气体流量监测方法，具体步骤为：A gas flow monitoring method, the specific steps are:
S3.1：MCU控制器控制所述信号发生器每间隔一定的时间以固定频率f0向超声波发射器发射一组电信号，驱动所述超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号，超声波信号的发射方向与介质的流动方向相反，即逆流监测，每次发射时间固定为a毫秒，超声波发射器被激发产生频率为f0的超声波信号；S3.1: The MCU controller controls the signal generator to transmit a set of electrical signals to the ultrasonic transmitter at a fixed frequency f0 at certain intervals, driving the ultrasonic transmitter to generate vibration signals of the same frequency. The transmission of ultrasonic signals The direction is opposite to the flow direction of the medium, that is, countercurrent monitoring. Each emission time is fixed at a millisecond. The ultrasonic transmitter is excited to generate an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of f0 ;
S3.2：超声波信号抵达超声波接收器，引发谐振，产生周期性电信号，电信号经过II号信号放大器放大以满足计数器的计量需求；S3.2: The ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver, triggers resonance, and generates periodic electrical signals. The electrical signals are amplified by the No. II signal amplifier to meet the measurement requirements of the counter;
S3.3：计数器记录信号周期数与时差，设计数器的计数上限为（N+1)，当周期数达到（N+1)时，记录到的时差为t秒，则超声波接收器接收到的信号频率f=N／t；S3.3: The counter records the signal cycle number and time difference. The upper limit of the design counter is (N+1). When the cycle number reaches (N+1), the recorded time difference is t seconds, then the ultrasonic receiver receives Signal frequency f=N/t;
S3.4：设f＝f0-（N/t ）-b，则：S3.4: Assume f＝f0 -(N/t)-b, then:
工况流量qg=（f/f0）*/>，单位为m³/s；Working condition flow rate qg = ( f/f0 )*/> , unit is m³/s;
其中：=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在T0温度与P0压力下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；T0为基准条件下的温度，标况下为273.15K；P0为基准条件下的压力，标况下为101325pa；r为气体通道半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统初始参数，需要进行标定，标定方法为：在气体流速等于0的情况下进行标定，该工况下b＝（N/t）-f0。in: =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium under the T0 temperature and P0 pressure, in m/s; T0 is the temperature under the base conditions, which is 273.15K under the standard conditions; P0 is the pressure under the base conditions, which is 101325pa under the standard conditions; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the angle between the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the receiver resonator and the axis of the air channel; b is the initial parameter of the system, which needs to be calibrated. The calibration method is: : Calibration is performed when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. Under this working condition, b = (N/t)-f0.
一种气体流量监测方法，具体步骤为：A gas flow monitoring method, the specific steps are:
S4.1：MCU控制器控制所述信号发生器每间隔一定的时间以固定频率f0向超声波发射器发射一组电信号，驱动所述超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号，超声波信号的发射方向与介质的流动方向相同，即顺流监测，每次发射时间固定为a毫秒，超声波发射器被激发产生频率为f0的超声波信号；S4.1: The MCU controller controls the signal generator to transmit a set of electrical signals to the ultrasonic transmitter at a fixed frequency f0 at certain intervals, driving the ultrasonic transmitter to generate vibration signals of the same frequency. The transmission of ultrasonic signals The direction is the same as the flow direction of the medium, that is, downstream monitoring. Each emission time is fixed at a millisecond. The ultrasonic transmitter is excited to generate an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of f0 ;
S4.2：超声波信号抵达超声波接收器，引发谐振，产生周期性电信号，电信号经过II号信号放大器放大以满足计数器的计量需求；S4.2: The ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver, triggers resonance, and generates periodic electrical signals. The electrical signals are amplified by the No. II signal amplifier to meet the measurement requirements of the counter;
S4.3：计数器记录信号周期数与时差，设计数器的计数上限为（N+1)，当周期数达到（N+1)时，记录到的时差为t秒，则超声波接收器接收到的信号频率f=N／t；S4.3: The counter records the signal cycle number and time difference. The upper limit of the design counter is (N+1). When the cycle number reaches (N+1), the recorded time difference is t seconds, then the ultrasonic receiver receives Signal frequency f=N/t;
S4.4：设f＝（N/t）-f0-b，则：S4.4: Assume f＝(N/t)-f0 -b, then:
工况流量qg=（f/f0）*/>，单位为m³/s ；Working condition flow rate qg = ( f/f0 )*/> , unit is m³/s;
其中：=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在T0温度与P0压力下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；T0为基准条件下的温度，标况下为273.15K；P0为基准条件下的压力，标况下为101325pa；r为气体通道半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统初始参数，需要进行标定，标定方法为：在气体流速等于0的情况下进行标定，该工况下b＝（N/t）-f0。in: =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium under the T0 temperature and P0 pressure, in m/s; T0 is the temperature under the base conditions, which is 273.15K under the standard conditions; P0 is the pressure under the base conditions, which is 101325pa under the standard conditions; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the angle between the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the receiver resonator and the axis of the air channel; b is the initial parameter of the system, which needs to be calibrated. The calibration method is: : Calibration is performed when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. Under this working condition, b = (N/t)-f0.
一种气体流量监测方法，具体步骤为：A gas flow monitoring method, the specific steps are:
S5.1：MCU控制器每间隔一定的时间以固定频率f0发射一组电信号，所述MCU控制器发出的电信号经过所述I号信号放大器放大成固定频率的周期信号，以激发所述超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号，超声波信号的发射方向与介质的流动方向相反，即逆流监测，每次发射时间固定为a毫秒，所述超声波发射器被激发产生频率为f0的超声波信号；S5.1: The MCU controller transmits a set of electrical signals at a fixed frequency f0 at certain intervals. The electrical signals sent by the MCU controller are amplified by the No. 1 signal amplifier into a periodic signal of a fixed frequency to stimulate all the signals. The ultrasonic transmitter generates vibration signals of the same frequency. The transmission direction of the ultrasonic signal is opposite to the flow direction of the medium, that is, countercurrent monitoring. The time of each transmission is fixed to a millisecond. The ultrasonic transmitter is excited to generate ultrasonic waves with a frequency of f0 Signal;
S5.2：超声波信号抵达超声波接收器，引发谐振，产生周期性电信号，电信号经过II号信号放大器放大以满足计数器的计量需求或MCU控制器的中断响应需求；S5.2: The ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver, triggers resonance, and generates periodic electrical signals. The electrical signals are amplified by the No. II signal amplifier to meet the measurement requirements of the counter or the interrupt response requirements of the MCU controller;
S5.3：计数器记录信号的周期数或MCU控制器的中断响应次数，计时器记录第M个周期或中断响应的时间点与第（M+N）个周期或中断响应的时间点，设两个时间点的时差为t秒，则：S5.3: The counter records the number of cycles of the signal or the number of interrupt responses of the MCU controller. The timer records the Mth cycle or the time point of the interrupt response and the (M+N)th cycle or the time point of the interrupt response. Assume two The time difference between time points is t seconds, then:
超声波接收器接收到的信号频率f=N／t；The frequency of the signal received by the ultrasonic receiver is f=N/t;
S5.4：设f＝f0-（N/t ）-b，则：S5.4: Assume f＝f0 -(N/t)-b, then:
工况流量qg=（f/f0）*/>，单位为m³/s；Working condition flow rate qg = ( f/f0 )*/> , unit is m³/s;
其中：=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在T0温度与P0压力下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；T0为基准条件下的温度，标况下为273.15K；P0为基准条件下的压力，标况下为101325pa；r为气体通道半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统初始参数，需要进行标定，标定方法为：在气体流速等于0的情况下进行标定，该工况下b＝（N/t）-f0。in: =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium under the T0 temperature and P0 pressure, in m/s; T0 is the temperature under the base conditions, which is 273.15K under the standard conditions; P0 is the pressure under the base conditions, which is 101325pa under the standard conditions; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the angle between the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the receiver resonator and the axis of the air channel; b is the initial parameter of the system, which needs to be calibrated. The calibration method is: : Calibration is performed when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. Under this working condition, b = (N/t)-f0.
一种气体流量监测方法，具体步骤为：A gas flow monitoring method, the specific steps are:
S6.1：MCU控制器每间隔一定的时间以固定频率f0发射一组电信号，所述MCU控制器发出的超声波信号经过所述I号信号放大器放大成固定频率的周期信号，以激发所述超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号，超声波信号的发射方向与介质的流动方向相同，即顺流监测，每次发射时间固定为a毫秒，所述超声波发射器被激发产生频率为f0的超声波信号；S6.1: The MCU controller emits a set of electrical signals at a fixed frequency f0 at certain intervals. The ultrasonic signal emitted by the MCU controller is amplified by the No. 1 signal amplifier into a periodic signal of a fixed frequency to excite all The ultrasonic transmitter generates a vibration signal of the same frequency. The emission direction of the ultrasonic signal is the same as the flow direction of the medium, that is, downstream monitoring. Each emission time is fixed to a millisecond. The ultrasonic transmitter is excited to generate a frequency of f0 Ultrasonic signal;
S6.2：超声波信号抵达超声波接收器，引发谐振，产生周期性电信号，电信号经过II号信号放大器放大以满足计数器的计量需求或MCU控制器的中断响应需求；S6.2: The ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver, triggers resonance, and generates periodic electrical signals. The electrical signals are amplified by the No. II signal amplifier to meet the measurement requirements of the counter or the interrupt response requirements of the MCU controller;
S6.3：计数器记录信号的周期数或MCU控制器的中断响应次数，计时器记录第M个周期或中断响应的时间点与第（M+N）个周期或中断响应的时间点，设两个时间点的时差为t秒，则：S6.3: The counter records the number of cycles of the signal or the number of interrupt responses of the MCU controller. The timer records the Mth cycle or the time point of the interrupt response and the (M+N)th cycle or the time point of the interrupt response. Assume two The time difference between time points is t seconds, then:
超声波接收器接收到的信号频率f=N／t；The frequency of the signal received by the ultrasonic receiver is f=N/t;
S6.4：设f＝（N/t ）-f0-b，则：S6.4: Assume f＝（N/t）-f0 -b, then:
工况流量qg=（f/f0）* />，单位为m³/s；Working condition flow rate qg = ( f/f0 )* /> , unit is m³/s;
其中：=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在T0温度与P0压力下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；T0为基准条件下的温度，标况下为273.15K；P0为基准条件下的压力，标况下为101325pa；r为气体通道半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统初始参数，需要进行标定，标定方法为：在气体流速等于0的情况下进行标定，该工况下b＝（N/t）-f0。in: =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium under the T0 temperature and P0 pressure, in m/s; T0 is the temperature under the base conditions, which is 273.15K under the standard conditions; P0 is the pressure under the base conditions, which is 101325pa under the standard conditions; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the angle between the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the receiver resonator and the axis of the air channel; b is the initial parameter of the system, which needs to be calibrated. The calibration method is: : Calibration is performed when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. Under this working condition, b = (N/t)-f0.
一种气体流量监测方法，具体步骤为：A gas flow monitoring method, the specific steps are:
S7.1：MCU控制器控制所述信号发生器每间隔一定的时间以固定频率f0向超声波发射器发射一组电信号，驱动所述超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号，超声波信号的发射方向与介质的流动方向相反，即逆流监测，每次发射时间固定为a毫秒，超声波发射器被激发产生频率为f0的超声波信号；S7.1: The MCU controller controls the signal generator to transmit a set of electrical signals to the ultrasonic transmitter at a fixed frequency f0 at certain intervals, driving the ultrasonic transmitter to generate vibration signals of the same frequency. The transmission of ultrasonic signals The direction is opposite to the flow direction of the medium, that is, countercurrent monitoring. Each emission time is fixed at a millisecond. The ultrasonic transmitter is excited to generate an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of f0 ;
S7.2：超声波信号抵达超声波接收器，引发谐振，产生周期性电信号，电信号经过II号信号放大器放大以满足计数器的计量需求或MCU控制器的中断响应需求；S7.2: The ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver, triggers resonance, and generates periodic electrical signals. The electrical signals are amplified by the No. II signal amplifier to meet the measurement requirements of the counter or the interrupt response requirements of the MCU controller;
S7.3：计数器记录信号的周期数或MCU控制器的中断响应次数，计时器记录第M个周期或中断响应的时间点与第（M+N）个周期或中断响应的时间点，设两个时间点的时差为t秒，则：S7.3: The counter records the number of cycles of the signal or the number of interrupt responses of the MCU controller. The timer records the Mth cycle or the time point of the interrupt response and the (M+N)th cycle or the time point of the interrupt response. Assume two The time difference between time points is t seconds, then:
超声波接收器接收到的信号频率f=N／t；The frequency of the signal received by the ultrasonic receiver is f=N/t;
S7.4：设f＝f0-（N/t ）-b，则：S7.4: Let f＝f0 -(N/t)-b, then:
工况流量qg=（f/f0）*/>，单位为m³/s；Working condition flow rate qg = ( f/f0 )*/> , unit is m³/s;
其中：=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在T0温度与P0压力下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；T0为基准条件下的温度，标况下为273.15K；P0为基准条件下的压力，标况下为101325pa；r为气体通道半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统初始参数，需要进行标定，标定方法为：在气体流速等于0的情况下进行标定，该工况下b＝（N/t）-f0。in: =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium under the T0 temperature and P0 pressure, in m/s; T0 is the temperature under the base conditions, which is 273.15K under the standard conditions; P0 is the pressure under the base conditions, which is 101325pa under the standard conditions; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the angle between the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the receiver resonator and the axis of the air channel; b is the initial parameter of the system, which needs to be calibrated. The calibration method is: : Calibration is performed when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. Under this working condition, b = (N/t)-f0.
一种气体流量监测方法，具体步骤为：A gas flow monitoring method, the specific steps are:
S8.1：MCU控制器控制所述信号发生器每间隔一定的时间以固定频率f0向超声波发射器发射一组电信号，驱动所述超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号，超声波信号的发射方向与介质的流动方向相同，即顺流监测，每次发射时间固定为a毫秒，超声波发射器被激发产生频率为f0的超声波信号；S8.1: The MCU controller controls the signal generator to transmit a set of electrical signals to the ultrasonic transmitter at a fixed frequency f0 at certain intervals, driving the ultrasonic transmitter to generate vibration signals of the same frequency. The transmission of ultrasonic signals The direction is the same as the flow direction of the medium, that is, downstream monitoring. Each emission time is fixed at a millisecond. The ultrasonic transmitter is excited to generate an ultrasonic signal with a frequency of f0 ;
S8.2：超声波信号抵达超声波接收器，引发谐振，产生周期性电信号，电信号经过II号信号放大器放大以满足计数器的计量需求或MCU控制器的中断响应需求；S8.2: The ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver, triggers resonance, and generates periodic electrical signals. The electrical signals are amplified by the No. II signal amplifier to meet the measurement requirements of the counter or the interrupt response requirements of the MCU controller;
S8.3：计数器记录信号的周期数或MCU控制器的中断响应次数，计时器记录第M个周期或中断响应的时间点与第（M+N）个周期或中断响应的时间点，设两个时间点的时差为t秒，则：S8.3: The counter records the number of cycles of the signal or the number of interrupt responses of the MCU controller. The timer records the Mth cycle or the time point of the interrupt response and the (M+N)th cycle or the time point of the interrupt response. Assume two The time difference between time points is t seconds, then:
超声波接收器接收到的信号频率f=N／t；The frequency of the signal received by the ultrasonic receiver is f=N/t;
S8.4：设f＝（N/t ）-f0-b，则：S8.4: Assume f＝（N/t）-f0 -b, then:
工况流量qg=（f/f0）*/>，单位为m³/s；Working condition flow rate qg = ( f/f0 )*/> , unit is m³/s;
其中：=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在T0温度与P0压力下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；T0为基准条件下的温度，标况下为273.15K；P0为基准条件下的压力，标况下为101325pa；r为气体通道半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统初始参数，需要进行标定，标定方法为：在气体流速等于0的情况下进行标定，该工况下b＝（N/t）-f0。in: =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium under the T0 temperature and P0 pressure, in m/s; T0 is the temperature under the base conditions, which is 273.15K under the standard conditions; P0 is the pressure under the base conditions, which is 101325pa under the standard conditions; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the angle between the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the receiver resonator and the axis of the air channel; b is the initial parameter of the system, which needs to be calibrated. The calibration method is: : Calibration is performed when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. Under this working condition, b = (N/t)-f0.
优选的，对工况的压力温度补偿步骤如下：Preferably, the pressure and temperature compensation steps for working conditions are as follows:
（1）压力采集器与温度采集器每间隔一段时间采集一次当前的绝对压力与绝对温度，设温度为T，T的单位为k，用于流量的温度补偿计算；压力为P，P的单位为Pa，用于流量的压力补偿计算；(1) The pressure collector and temperature collector collect the current absolute pressure and absolute temperature at intervals. Let the temperature be T, and the unit of T is k, which is used for temperature compensation calculation of flow; the pressure is P, and the unit of P is is Pa, used for pressure compensation calculation of flow rate;
（2）设基准气体温度条件下的流量为qb.t，则：qb.t=qg*T0/T；(2) Suppose the flow rate under the reference gas temperature condition is qbt , then: qbt =qg *T0 /T;
设基准条件下的流量为qb，则qb= qg*P*T0/（P0*T）。Suppose the flow rate under the reference condition is qb , then qb = qg *P*T0 / (P0 *T).
优选的，流量监测采用双向流监测方式，所述双向流监测方式具体为：设顺流监测的流量为q顺，逆流监测的流量为q逆，则工况流量为qg=（q顺+q逆）/2。Preferably, the flow monitoring adopts a two-way flow monitoring method. The two-way flow monitoring method is specifically: assuming that the flow rate monitored in the downstream flow is qforward , and the flow rate monitored in the counter flow is qreverse , then the working flow rate is qg = (qforward + qinverse )/2.
本发明有益效果是，The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
（1）本发明通过监测超声波接收器的周期性电信号，获得连续周期信号的周期数与积分时差，进而获得周期信号的精确频率，再与发射信号的频率做比较，根据多普勒效应计算出介质流速，进而实现气体流量计量，计量精确度和可靠度均较高，并且硬件成本低，不必受硬件供应商限制；(1) By monitoring the periodic electrical signal of the ultrasonic receiver, the present invention obtains the period number and integral time difference of the continuous periodic signal, and then obtains the precise frequency of the periodic signal, and then compares it with the frequency of the transmitted signal, and calculates it based on the Doppler effect Output medium flow rate, thereby achieving gas flow measurement, with high measurement accuracy and reliability, low hardware cost, and no need to be restricted by hardware suppliers;
（2）第一气腔和第二气腔的等效半径均大于进气管道、出气管道以及气体通道的等效半径，有利于气体在气腔内部完成动压转静压、静压转动压的连续转变过程，保障了测量精度。(2) The equivalent radii of the first air chamber and the second air chamber are larger than the equivalent radii of the air inlet duct, the air outlet duct and the gas channel, which is conducive to the completion of dynamic pressure to static pressure and static pressure rotation of the gas inside the air chamber. The continuous transformation process ensures the measurement accuracy.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例1-2的模块结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the module structure of Embodiment 1-2 of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例1-6的一种结构示意图；Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiments 1-6 of the present invention;
图3是本发明实施例1-6的另一种结构示意图；Figure 3 is another structural schematic diagram of Embodiments 1-6 of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例1-6的又一种结构示意图；Figure 4 is another structural schematic diagram of Embodiments 1-6 of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例3-4的模块结构示意图；Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the module structure of Embodiment 3-4 of the present invention;
图6是本发明实施例1超声波发射方向与气流方向示意图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the ultrasonic emission direction and air flow direction in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
图中符号说明：1、进气管道；2、第一气腔；3、超声波发射器；4、隔板；5、出气管道；6、第二气腔；7、气体通道；8、超声波接收器。Description of symbols in the figure: 1. Air inlet duct; 2. First air chamber; 3. Ultrasonic transmitter; 4. Partition plate; 5. Air outlet duct; 6. Second air chamber; 7. Gas channel; 8. Ultrasonic wave receiver device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with examples.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示，一种超声波气体流量计，设有MCU控制器、超声波发射器、超声波接收器、压力与温度采集器、供电单元，MCU控制器与超声波发射器之间设有信号处理单元，MCU控制器与超声波接收器之间设有II号信号放大器，MCU控制器上连接有计数器。As shown in Figure 1, an ultrasonic gas flow meter is equipped with an MCU controller, an ultrasonic transmitter, an ultrasonic receiver, a pressure and temperature collector, a power supply unit, and a signal processing unit between the MCU controller and the ultrasonic transmitter. , there is a No. II signal amplifier between the MCU controller and the ultrasonic receiver, and a counter is connected to the MCU controller.
压力采集器与温度采集器用于测量介质的压力与温度，以对工况流量进行温度与压力补偿；信号处理单元可以采用I号信号放大器，I号信号放大器用于将MCU控制器产生的脉冲信号放大成固定频率的周期信号，以激发超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号；或者，信号处理单元采用信号发生器，MCU控制器用于控制信号发生器产生固定频率的周期信号，以驱动超声波发射器产生同样频率的振动信号。II号信号放大器用于将超声波接收器产生的信号放大至满足计数器识别出周期数的程度，或者足以引发MCU控制器发生中断响应的级别，计数器用于获取II号信号放大器接收信号的周期数与时差。The pressure collector and temperature collector are used to measure the pressure and temperature of the medium to perform temperature and pressure compensation on the working flow rate; the signal processing unit can use the No. I signal amplifier, which is used to convert the pulse signal generated by the MCU controller. Amplified into a periodic signal of fixed frequency to excite the ultrasonic transmitter to generate a vibration signal of the same frequency; alternatively, the signal processing unit uses a signal generator, and the MCU controller is used to control the signal generator to generate a periodic signal of fixed frequency to drive the ultrasonic transmitter Produce vibration signals of the same frequency. The No. II signal amplifier is used to amplify the signal generated by the ultrasonic receiver to a level that meets the counter's identification of the number of cycles, or a level sufficient to trigger an interrupt response from the MCU controller. The counter is used to obtain the number of cycles of the signal received by the No. II signal amplifier and jet lag.
流量计设有两个气腔，分别为第一气腔2和第二气腔6，第一气腔2上连接进气管道1，第二气腔6上连接出气管道5，第一气腔2和第二气腔6之间设有隔板4，隔板4上设有气体通道7，气体通道7用于连通第一气腔2和第二气腔6，气体通道7可以采用气道或者气孔的形式。第一气腔2和第二气腔6的等效半径均大于进气管道1、出气管道5、气体通道7的等效半径，以实现气体在第一气腔2和第二气腔6内的动静压转变；超声波发射器3和超声波接收器8分别置于第一气腔2和第二气腔6内，二者对应关系可互换。如图2-4所示分别为流量计的进气管道1、出气管道5设置在不同位置的结构示意图。The flow meter is provided with two air chambers, namely a first air chamber 2 and a second air chamber 6. The first air chamber 2 is connected to the air inlet pipe 1, and the second air chamber 6 is connected to the air outlet pipe 5. The first air chamber 2 There is a partition 4 between 2 and the second air chamber 6, and a gas channel 7 is provided on the partition 4. The gas channel 7 is used to connect the first air chamber 2 and the second air chamber 6. The gas channel 7 can be an air channel. Or the form of pores. The equivalent radii of the first air chamber 2 and the second air chamber 6 are both larger than the equivalent radii of the air inlet pipe 1, the air outlet pipe 5, and the gas channel 7, so as to realize the movement of gas in the first air chamber 2 and the second air chamber 6. The dynamic and static pressure changes; the ultrasonic transmitter 3 and the ultrasonic receiver 8 are placed in the first air chamber 2 and the second air chamber 6 respectively, and the corresponding relationship between the two is interchangeable. As shown in Figure 2-4, the air inlet pipe 1 and the air outlet pipe 5 of the flow meter are arranged in different positions.
测量原理如下：The measurement principle is as follows:
设在第一气腔2安装超声波发射器3，在第二气腔6安装超声波接收器8，超声波发射方向与气流方向相反，即逆流发射方式，如图6所示。超声波发射器3和超声波接收器8的连线与气体通道7的轴线应尽量重合，以提高超声波的信号强度，减小测量难度、提高测量精度。超声波发射器3、超声波接收器8与气体通道7两端保持一定的距离，以避免对气流形成阻滞，影响测量精度。An ultrasonic transmitter 3 is installed in the first air chamber 2, and an ultrasonic receiver 8 is installed in the second air chamber 6. The ultrasonic emission direction is opposite to the air flow direction, that is, the countercurrent emission mode, as shown in Figure 6. The connection between the ultrasonic transmitter 3 and the ultrasonic receiver 8 should coincide with the axis of the gas channel 7 as much as possible to increase the signal strength of the ultrasonic wave, reduce the difficulty of measurement, and improve the measurement accuracy. The ultrasonic transmitter 3, the ultrasonic receiver 8 and both ends of the gas channel 7 are kept at a certain distance to avoid blocking the air flow and affecting the measurement accuracy.
超声波发射器3发出来的超声波信号，在经过隔板4上的气体通道7时，会发生衍射现象，在气体通道7出口处形成n个点振信号源，n个点振信号源所产生的振动信号叠加到一起，在第二气腔形成新的超声波信号。The ultrasonic signal emitted by the ultrasonic transmitter 3 will undergo diffraction when passing through the gas channel 7 on the partition 4, forming n point vibration signal sources at the outlet of the gas channel 7. The n point vibration signal sources generate The vibration signals are superimposed together to form a new ultrasonic signal in the second air cavity.
当气体通道7内的介质有流动时，设流速为，设无流状态下的声速为c，超声波发射器3发出的声源频率为f0，根据多普勒效应，对于处在点振信号源处的观察者来说，超声波信号的频率为：When the medium in the gas channel 7 flows, let the flow rate be , assuming that the speed of sound in the no-flow state is c, and the frequency of the sound source emitted by the ultrasonic transmitter 3 is f0 , according to the Doppler effect, for an observer at the point vibration signal source, the frequency of the ultrasonic signal is:
f=f0，即相当于观察者在退行。f= f0 , which is equivalent to the observer regressing.
由点振信号源产生的携带着介质流速信息的超声波信号，在进入第二气腔后，被超声波接收器8所接收，经信号放大、运算与解析，获得信号频率f，设f=f0-f，则介质的流速为：The ultrasonic signal carrying medium flow rate information generated by the point vibration signal source is received by the ultrasonic receiver 8 after entering the second air cavity. After signal amplification, calculation and analysis, the signal frequency f is obtained. Assume f=f0 -f, then the flow rate of the medium is:
=（/>f/f0）*c。 =(/> f/f0 )*c.
具体流量监测方法为：The specific traffic monitoring methods are:
S1.1：将流量计接入被测量流体管路中，每2s用MCU控制器生成一组固定频率f0的脉冲信号，设f0=40KHz，时长为30ms，共1200个周期，该组脉冲信号经过I号信号放大器的放大后，激发超声波发射器3产生一组40KHz的超声波信号；超声波信号抵达超声波接收器8，引发超声波接收器8谐振，产生电信号，一般为mV级，将该信号通过信号放大器放大到V级，以引发MCU控制器发生中断响应；S1.1: Connect the flow meter to the fluid pipeline to be measured, and use the MCU controller to generate a set of pulse signals with a fixed frequency f0 every 2 seconds. Assume f0 =40KHz, a duration of 30ms, and a total of 1200 cycles. This set After the pulse signal is amplified by the No. 1 signal amplifier, it excites the ultrasonic transmitter 3 to generate a set of 40KHz ultrasonic signals; the ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver 8, causing the ultrasonic receiver 8 to resonate and generate an electrical signal, generally at the mV level, which is The signal is amplified to level V through the signal amplifier to trigger an interrupt response from the MCU controller;
S1.2：计数器从II号信号放大器接收到第一个触发信号开始计时，到计数器溢出时结束计时，因计数器的计数次数为特定次数，所以可以同时获得周期数与时差。本实施例设定计数器记录信号的周期数为N个周期，设N=1000，记录到的时差为t秒，则超声波接收器8接收到的信号频率f=N/t=1000／t；S1.2: The counter starts counting when it receives the first trigger signal from signal amplifier II, and ends when the counter overflows. Since the number of times the counter counts is a specific number of times, the number of cycles and the time difference can be obtained at the same time. In this embodiment, the number of cycles for the counter to record the signal is set to N cycles, assuming N=1000, and the recorded time difference is t seconds, then the frequency of the signal received by the ultrasonic receiver 8 is f=N/t=1000/t;
S1.3：使用压力与温度采集器每间隔2s采集一次当前压力与当前温度，设采集到的当前温度为280 k，当前压力为100000Pa；S1.3: Use the pressure and temperature collector to collect the current pressure and current temperature every 2 seconds. Assume that the collected current temperature is 280 K and the current pressure is 100000Pa;
S1.4：设∆f＝40000-1000/t-b，则工况流量qg=（∆f/40000）*α，单位为m³/s；S1.4: Assume Δf=40000-1000/tb, then the working flow rate qg = (Δf/40000)*α , unit is m³/s;
其中：∆f单位为Hz，=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在0°C温度下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；r为气体通道的半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统参数，需要在气体流速等于0的情况下标定，具体为：将流量计两端密闭，禁止气流扰动，根据步骤S1.1~S1.2，标定为b＝f0-（N/t）=40000-1000/t；Among them: Δf unit is Hz, =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium at a temperature of 0°C, the unit is m/s; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the center point of the receiver resonator and the gas The angle between the channel axes; b is the system parameter, which needs to be calibrated when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. The specific steps are: seal both ends of the flow meter to prohibit air flow disturbance. According to steps S1.1~S1.2, the calibration is b=f0 - (N/t)=40000-1000/t;
S1.5：设标况温度下的流量为qb.t，则qb.t=qg*273.15*/280=0.9755* qg；设标况下的流量为qb，qb= qg*100000*273.15/101325*280=0.8359* qg。S1.5: Suppose the flow rate under standard conditions is qbt , then qbt =qg *273.15*/280=0.9755* qg ; Suppose the flow rate under standard conditions is qb , qb = qg *100000* 273.15/101325*280=0.8359* qg .
实施例2Example 2
与实施例1不同的是，测量原理中，超声波发射方向与气流方向相同，即顺流发射方式，则流量监测方法S1.4中，工况流量计算公式变更为：f＝1000/t-40000-b，工况流量qg=（∆f/40000）*α*/>，单位为m³/s。其余与实施例1中相同。The difference from Embodiment 1 is that in the measurement principle, the ultrasonic wave emission direction is the same as the air flow direction, that is, the downstream emission mode. In the flow monitoring method S1.4, the working condition flow calculation formula is changed to: f＝1000/t-40000-b, working condition flow qg =（Δf/40000）*α*/> , the unit is m³/s. The rest is the same as in Example 1.
实施例3Example 3
如图5所示，本实施例与实施例1的流量计配置区别在于，MCU控制器上连接有计数器和计时器，计数器用于记录II号信号放大器的信号周期数（或者是引发MCU控制器中断响应的次数），计时器用于记录计数器接收到第M个周期（或中断响应）的时间点以及接收到的（M+N）个周期（或中断响应）的时间点，从而获得N个周期信号的时差t；而实施例1中MCU控制器上只连接有计数器。As shown in Figure 5, the difference between the flow meter configuration of this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the MCU controller is connected to a counter and a timer. The counter is used to record the number of signal cycles of the signal amplifier II (or trigger the MCU controller to The number of interrupt responses), the timer is used to record the time point when the counter receives the Mth cycle (or interrupt response) and the time point when it receives (M+N) cycles (or interrupt response), thereby obtaining N cycles The time difference of the signal is t; while in Embodiment 1, only a counter is connected to the MCU controller.
具体的流量监测方法为：The specific traffic monitoring methods are:
S3.1：将流量计接入被测量流体管路中，每2s用MCU控制器生成一组固定频率f0的脉冲信号，设f0=40KHz，时长为30ms，共1200个周期，该组脉冲信号经过信号放大器的放大后，激发超声波发射器3产生一组40KHz的超声波信号；超声波信号抵达超声波接收器8，引发超声波接收器8谐振，产生电信号，一般为mV级，将该信号通过信号放大器放大到V级，以引发MCU控制器发生中断响应；S3.1: Connect the flow meter to the fluid pipeline to be measured, and use the MCU controller to generate a set of pulse signals with a fixed frequency f0 every 2 seconds. Assume f0 =40KHz, a duration of 30ms, and a total of 1200 cycles. This set After the pulse signal is amplified by the signal amplifier, it excites the ultrasonic transmitter 3 to generate a set of 40KHz ultrasonic signals; the ultrasonic signal reaches the ultrasonic receiver 8, causing the ultrasonic receiver 8 to resonate and generate an electrical signal, usually at the mV level. The signal is passed through The signal amplifier amplifies to level V to trigger an interrupt response from the MCU controller;
S3.2：使用计数器记录MCU控制器的中断响应次数，达到M个，通知计时器开始计时；当计数器记录MCU控制器的中断响应次数等于（M+N）个时，通知计时器停止计时并读取时间，设为t秒，设M=100，N=1000，则接收到的超声波信号频率f=N/t=1000／t；S3.2: Use a counter to record the number of interrupt responses of the MCU controller. When it reaches M, notify the timer to start timing; when the counter records the number of interrupt responses of the MCU controller equal to (M+N), notify the timer to stop timing and The reading time is set to t seconds, M=100, N=1000, then the received ultrasonic signal frequency f=N/t=1000/t;
S3.3：使用压力与温度采集器每间隔2s采集一次当前压力与当前温度，设采集到的当前温度为280 k，当前压力为100000Pa；S3.3: Use the pressure and temperature collector to collect the current pressure and current temperature every 2 seconds. Assume that the collected current temperature is 280 K and the current pressure is 100000Pa;
S3.4：设∆f＝40000-1000/t-b，则工况流量qg=（∆f/40000）*α，单位为m³/s；S3.4: Assume Δf=40000-1000/tb, then the working flow rate qg = (Δf/40000)*α , unit is m³/s;
其中：∆f单位为Hz，=（c//>）*π*r2/>，c为在0°C温度下介质中的声速，单位为m/s；r为气体通道的半径，单位为m；θ为发射器谐振子中心点和接收器谐振子中心点连线与气道轴线之间的夹角；b为系统参数，需要在气体流速等于0的情况下标定，具体为：将流量计两端密闭，禁止气流扰动，根据步骤S1.1和S1.2，标定为b＝f0-（N/t）=40000-1000/t；Among them: Δf unit is Hz, =（c//> )*π*r2 /> , c is the speed of sound in the medium at a temperature of 0°C, the unit is m/s; r is the radius of the gas channel, the unit is m; θ is the line connecting the center point of the transmitter resonator and the center point of the receiver resonator and the gas The angle between the channel axes; b is the system parameter, which needs to be calibrated when the gas flow rate is equal to 0. The specific steps are: seal both ends of the flow meter to prohibit air flow disturbance. According to steps S1.1 and S1.2, the calibration is b＝f0- (N/t)=40000-1000/t;
S3.5：设标况温度下的流量为qb.t，则qb.t=qg*273.15*/280=0.9755* qg；设标况下的流量为qb，qb= qg*100000*273.15/101325*280=0.8359* qg。S3.5: Suppose the flow rate under standard conditions is qbt , then qbt =qg *273.15*/280=0.9755* qg ; Suppose the flow rate under standard conditions is qb , qb = qg *100000* 273.15/101325*280=0.8359* qg .
实施例4Example 4
与实施例3不同的是，测量原理中，超声波发射方向与气流方向相同，即顺流发射方式，则流量监测方法S3.4中，工况流量计算公式变更为：f＝1000/t-40000-b，工况流量qg=（∆f/40000）*α/>，单位为m³/s。其余与实施例3中相同。The difference from Embodiment 3 is that in the measurement principle, the ultrasonic wave emission direction is the same as the air flow direction, that is, the downstream emission mode. In the flow monitoring method S3.4, the working condition flow calculation formula is changed to: f＝1000/t-40000-b, working condition flow rate qg =（Δf/40000）*α/> , the unit is m³/s. The rest are the same as in Example 3.
实施例5Example 5
实施例1-4中的流量监测方法均为单向流监测方式，本实施例采用双向流监测方式，即顺流发射方式和逆流发射方式，设顺流发射方式下监测到的流量为q顺，逆流发射方式下监测到的流量为q逆，则工况流量为qg=（q顺+q逆）/2。其中， q逆值的计算方法同实施例1和实施例3，q顺、的计算方法同实施例1和实施例3。The flow monitoring methods in Embodiments 1-4 are all one-way flow monitoring methods. This embodiment adopts a two-way flow monitoring method, that is, a downstream launch mode and a countercurrent launch mode. It is assumed that the flow rate monitored in the downstream launch mode isq. , the flow monitored in the counter-current emission mode is qreverse , then the working flow rate is qg = (qforward + qreverse )/2. Among them, the calculation method ofthe inverse value of q is the same as that in Example 1 and Example 3, and the calculation method of the forward value of qis the same as that in Example 1 and Example 3.
实施例6Example 6
实施例1-5中信号源均为MCU控制器发出的脉冲信号，经过I号信号放大器后激发超声波发射器3产生超声波信号，本实施例将上述实施例中的I号信号放大器换成信号发生器，信号源为MCU控制器控制信号发生器产生脉冲信号，该信号强度足以激发超声波发射器3产生超声波信号，不需要再用信号放大器将信号再次放大。The signal sources in Embodiments 1-5 are all pulse signals sent by the MCU controller. After passing through the No. 1 signal amplifier, the ultrasonic transmitter 3 is excited to generate an ultrasonic signal. In this embodiment, the No. 1 signal amplifier in the above embodiment is replaced by a signal generator. The signal source is the MCU controller controlling the signal generator to generate a pulse signal. The signal strength is sufficient to stimulate the ultrasonic transmitter 3 to generate an ultrasonic signal, and there is no need to use a signal amplifier to amplify the signal again.
本发明通过监测超声波接收器8的周期性电信号，获得连续周期信号的周期数与积分时差，进而获得周期信号的精确频率，再与发射信号的频率做比较，根据多普勒效应计算出介质流速，进而实现气体流量计量，计量精确度和可靠度均较高，并且硬件成本低，不必受国外供货限制，可以广泛应用在气体计量领域。By monitoring the periodic electrical signal of the ultrasonic receiver 8, the present invention obtains the period number and integral time difference of the continuous periodic signal, and then obtains the precise frequency of the periodic signal, and then compares it with the frequency of the transmitted signal, and calculates the medium based on the Doppler effect. flow rate, thereby achieving gas flow measurement, with high measurement accuracy and reliability, low hardware cost, and no need to be restricted by foreign supply, and can be widely used in the field of gas measurement.
惟以上所述者，仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，当不能以此限定本发明实施的范围，故其等同组件的置换，或依本发明专利保护范围所作的等同变化与修改，皆应仍属本发明权利要求书涵盖之范畴。However, the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the replacement of equivalent components, or equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the patent protection scope of the present invention, should be It still falls within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311523318.3ACN117232593A (en) | 2023-11-16 | 2023-11-16 | Ultrasonic gas flowmeter and gas flow monitoring method |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202311523318.3ACN117232593A (en) | 2023-11-16 | 2023-11-16 | Ultrasonic gas flowmeter and gas flow monitoring method |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117232593Atrue CN117232593A (en) | 2023-12-15 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202311523318.3APendingCN117232593A (en) | 2023-11-16 | 2023-11-16 | Ultrasonic gas flowmeter and gas flow monitoring method |
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN117232593A (en) |
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