技术领域Technical field
本发明涉一种牙科教学领域，特别是指一种可扩展解剖结构功能的口腔实训模型组件及其生产工艺。The invention relates to the field of dental teaching, in particular to an oral training model component that can expand the anatomical structure function and its production process.
背景技术Background technique
在口腔医学院校实训课程中和口腔医疗器械公司举办的培训班上，需要用到实体的口腔实训模型，因为对实训模型的模拟手术操作都是破坏性的，所以这些模型都是一次性使用的，因此出现了模型插件，形式上就是以完整的全口模型作为底座，在其上安装小的模型插件，实训操作只针对模型插件，这样可以降低实训的成本。In the practical training courses of dental medical schools and training classes held by dental medical device companies, physical oral training models need to be used. Because the simulated surgical operations on the training models are destructive, these models are It is a one-time use, so the model plug-in appears. In the form, a complete full-mouth model is used as the base, and a small model plug-in is installed on it. The practical training operation is only for the model plug-in, which can reduce the cost of practical training.
但是，因为口腔临床操作种类太多，用户需求各种各样，造成模型插件种类也繁多，每种插件往往只能应对一种临床操作，导致模型插件多是采用小批量，手工制作等低效率、低精度的生产工艺，导致即使是小的模型插件，制造成本也很高，交货周期也比较长。However, because there are too many types of dental clinical operations and user needs are diverse, there are also many types of model plug-ins. Each plug-in can often only cope with one clinical operation, resulting in low efficiency such as small batches and manual production of model plug-ins. , Low-precision production technology results in high manufacturing costs and long delivery times for even small model plug-ins.
比如，切开缝合是任何医学生必须掌握的技术，在口腔医学教学领域中，切开缝合范围主要是针对口腔内软组织(牙龈或者粘膜)的切开缝合，目前市场上用于切开缝合实训的切开缝合模型实训模型插件中由热塑性材料注塑成型硬质结构模拟口腔骨骼，在模拟口腔骨骼表面通过多层，软胶和海绵叠加在一起模拟皮肤，该种实训模型插件只能进行单一的切开缝合实训操作，无法进行其它的口腔实训操作，且热塑性材料制备而成的口腔骨骼结构的切削屑会拉丝很长，甚至熔化粘附在切削钻头上，使得实训中断，与实际操作差异较大，影响学生实训效果。For example, incision and suturing is a technique that any medical student must master. In the field of oral medicine teaching, the scope of incision and suturing is mainly for incision and suturing of soft tissues (gingiva or mucosa) in the oral cavity. Currently, incision and suturing is used in the practice of incision and suturing on the market. The incision and suture model training model plug-in is made of thermoplastic material injection-molded hard structure to simulate oral bones. Multiple layers of soft glue and sponge are superimposed on the simulated oral bone surface to simulate skin. This kind of training model plug-in can only A single incision and suturing training operation cannot be carried out for other oral training operations, and the cutting chips of the oral bone structure made of thermoplastic materials will be drawn for a long time, or even melt and adhere to the cutting drill bit, causing the training to be interrupted. , which is quite different from actual operation, affecting the effectiveness of students' practical training.
而实际的口腔治疗手术中，都不仅仅是切开缝合操作，还会伴随着其他的口腔治疗操作，如口腔种植牙、口腔修复等等，目前学生进行口腔外科手术实训操作时，受到口腔实训模型插件功能单一性的影响，只能是将口腔外科手术操作进行分解，通过多个不同的口腔实训模型插件来完成一个口腔外科手术实训操作。学生使用这种功能单一的模型插件只能针对单一技能进行训练，而不是由切开缝合开始，针对整个外科手术操作过程进行系统性的技能训练。使得学生实训操作训练与真实的口腔外科手术操作存在较大的差异，不利于提高学生实操技能。In actual oral treatment operations, it is not only incision and suturing operations, but also accompanied by other oral treatment operations, such as oral implants, oral restoration, etc. Currently, when students perform oral surgery training operations, they are affected by oral The impact of the single function of the training model plug-in can only be to decompose the oral surgery operation and complete an oral surgery training operation through multiple different oral training model plug-ins. Students can only train a single skill using this single-function model plug-in, rather than systematically training skills for the entire surgical operation process starting from incision and suturing. There is a big difference between students' practical training and real oral surgery operations, which is not conducive to improving students' practical skills.
因此，如何使口腔实训模型插件具有更多的实训功能，使其能够满足学生进行外科手术操作系统性的实训需求成为口腔实训课程中急需解决的课题。Therefore, how to make the dental training model plug-in have more practical training functions so that it can meet the practical training needs of students for surgical operation has become an urgent issue in the dental training courses.
这种综合性的口腔实训模型插件按传统思路，必然会采用小批量、手工制作这些低效生产工艺来生产，这又会导致这种综合性的口腔实训模型插件制作成本极高，制作周期更长，由于其结构更为复杂，手工制作后模型质量也难以得到保证，因此，这对模型的设计和制造者来说始终是个挑战。According to traditional thinking, this kind of comprehensive oral training model plug-in will inevitably be produced using inefficient production processes such as small batches and manual production. This will in turn lead to extremely high production costs for this comprehensive oral training model plug-in. The cycle is longer, and due to its more complex structure, it is difficult to guarantee the quality of the model after hand-making. Therefore, this is always a challenge for model designers and manufacturers.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了克服上述缺陷，本发明提供一种可扩展解剖结构功能的口腔实训模型组件及其生产工艺，该种可扩展解剖结构功能的口腔实训模型组件能够满足学生对口腔种植学以及口腔修复学的系统性的实训需求，且该种口腔实训模型组件制备成本低，制备周期短，模型质量高，仿真程度高。In order to overcome the above shortcomings, the present invention provides an oral training model assembly with expandable anatomical structure functions and a production process thereof. This oral training model assembly with expandable anatomical structure functions can satisfy students' requirements for oral implantology and oral prosthodontics. Systematic training needs, and the preparation cost of this kind of oral training model components is low, the preparation cycle is short, the model quality is high, and the degree of simulation is high.
本发明为了解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案：一种可扩展解剖结构功能的口腔实训模型组件，包括全口下颌模型和多功能插件，所述全口下颌模型上设有插件定位插槽，所述多功能插件能够固定插设于所述插件定位插槽内，所述多功能插件包括模拟骨皮质的仿真骨皮质和仿真牙龈，所述仿真骨皮质底面上设有能够与全口下颌模型上的插件定位插槽底面固定连接的连接结构，软胶材质的仿真牙龈包覆于仿真骨皮质顶面表面，且仿真牙龈的边缘与仿真骨皮质的凸缘对齐。The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: an oral training model assembly with expandable anatomical structure functions, including a full-mouth mandibular model and a multi-functional plug-in. The full-mouth mandibular model is provided with a plug-in positioning slot. , the multi-function plug-in can be fixedly inserted into the plug-in positioning slot, the multi-function plug-in includes simulated bone cortex and simulated gums that simulate bone cortex, and the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex is equipped with a mandibular structure that can be connected to the whole mouth. The bottom surface of the plug-in positioning slot on the model is a fixed connection structure. The simulated gums made of soft rubber cover the top surface of the simulated bone cortex, and the edge of the simulated gums is aligned with the flange of the simulated bone cortex.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述仿真骨皮质顶面表面涂覆有粘结前处理剂。As a further improvement of the present invention, the top surface of the simulated bone cortex is coated with a bonding pretreatment agent.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述仿真牙龈朝向仿真骨皮质一侧固定复合有仿真骨膜，所述仿真骨膜为硬度和韧性均大于仿真牙龈的软胶制作而成，所述仿真骨膜厚度小于仿真牙龈厚度。As a further improvement of the present invention, the simulated gums are fixed and compounded with simulated periosteum on the side facing the simulated bone cortex. The simulated periosteum is made of soft rubber with greater hardness and toughness than the simulated gums. The thickness of the simulated periosteum is smaller than that of the simulated gums. thickness.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述仿真骨皮质内侧形成有填充空腔，所述填充空腔内填充有松软材料制备而成的仿真骨松质。As a further improvement of the present invention, a filling cavity is formed on the inside of the artificial bone cortex, and the filling cavity is filled with artificial cancellous bone made of soft material.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述仿真骨皮质的底面上形成有与填充空腔连通的填充开口，所述仿真骨皮质底面上间隔的设有至少两个螺纹孔，所述各个螺纹孔均匀分布于填充开口外围，所述全口下颌模型上的插件定位插槽底面上设有至少两个过孔，所述过孔与仿真骨皮质底面上的螺纹孔一一正对设置，所述过孔内穿设有螺丝，所述螺丝能够与仿真骨皮质底面上的螺纹孔螺纹连接。As a further improvement of the present invention, a filling opening connected to the filling cavity is formed on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex, and at least two threaded holes are spaced on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex, and each of the threaded holes is evenly distributed. At the periphery of the filling opening, at least two through holes are provided on the bottom surface of the plug-in positioning slot on the full-mouth mandibular model. The through holes are arranged facing the threaded holes on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex one by one. The through holes Screws are provided in the inner passage, and the screws can be threadedly connected to the threaded holes on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex.
作为本发明的进一步改进，还设有中空的仿真下颌管，所述仿真下颌管内填充有仿真血液或者红色硅胶，仿真下颌管两端开口封闭，且仿真下颌管两端与仿真骨皮质的填充空腔内侧壁固定连接，仿真下颌管埋设于仿真骨松质内。As a further improvement of the present invention, a hollow simulated mandibular canal is also provided. The simulated mandibular canal is filled with simulated blood or red silica gel. The openings at both ends of the simulated mandibular canal are closed, and the filling spaces between the two ends of the simulated mandibular canal and the simulated bone cortex are The inner walls of the cavity are fixedly connected, and the simulated mandibular canal is embedded in the simulated cancellous bone.
一种可扩展解剖结构功能的口腔实训模型组件的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：A production process for oral training model components that can expand anatomical structure functions, including the following steps:
步骤一：制作全口下颌模型，并在下颌模型上成型出至少一个插件定位插槽，在插件定位插槽底面上加工出过孔；Step 1: Make a full-mouth mandibular model, form at least one plug-in positioning slot on the mandibular model, and process a through hole on the bottom surface of the plug-in positioning slot;
步骤二：制作多功能插件：Step 2: Make a multi-functional plug-in:
(1)通过硬质材料制作仿真骨皮质，并在仿真骨皮质底面上内嵌螺母或攻螺牙；(1) Make simulated bone cortex from hard materials, and embed nuts or tapping threads on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex;
(2)将仿真骨皮质放入包胶模具中，用注塑机向包胶模具内注入液体硅胶或者热塑性弹性体，通过包胶的方式在仿真骨皮质顶端表面形成仿真牙龈，并利用包胶模具使仿真牙龈的边缘止于骨皮质的凸缘；(2) Put the simulated bone cortex into the overmolded mold, use an injection molding machine to inject liquid silicone or thermoplastic elastomer into the overmolded mold, and form simulated gums on the top surface of the simulated bone cortex through encapsulation, and use the overmolded mold Make the edge of the simulated gum end at the flange of the bone cortex;
步骤三：将多功能插件插入全口下颌模型的插件定位插槽内并通过螺丝固定。Step 3: Insert the multi-function plug-in into the plug-in positioning slot of the full-mouth mandibular model and fix it with screws.
作为本发明的进一步改进，在步骤二中，所述仿真骨皮质选用改性热固性塑料注塑成型，仿真骨皮质成型后，先根据实训的需要选择不同结合强度的粘结前处理剂，然后将粘结前处理剂涂覆在仿真骨皮质顶面上，再将仿真骨皮质放入包胶模具中。As a further improvement of the present invention, in step two, the simulated bone cortex is injection molded with modified thermosetting plastic. After the simulated bone cortex is molded, bonding pretreatment agents with different bonding strengths are first selected according to the needs of training, and then the The bonding pretreatment agent is coated on the top surface of the simulated bone cortex, and then the simulated bone cortex is placed into the rubber-coated mold.
作为本发明的进一步改进，所述仿真骨皮质顶端表面涂覆完粘结前处理剂后，先通过注塑机向包胶模具内注入液体硅胶或者热塑性弹性体的方式或者采用液体硅胶涂覆工艺在仿真骨皮质顶端表面形成仿真骨膜，然后再通过注塑机向包胶模具内注入液体硅胶或者热塑性弹性体的方式形成仿真牙龈，其中仿真骨膜所用的液体硅胶或者热塑性弹性体的硬度和韧性都高于用于成型仿真牙龈的液体硅胶或者热塑性弹性体，且仿真骨皮质顶端表面形成的仿真骨膜厚度小于仿真牙龈厚度。As a further improvement of the present invention, after the top surface of the simulated bone cortex is coated with the bonding pre-treatment agent, liquid silicone or thermoplastic elastomer is first injected into the coating mold through an injection molding machine or a liquid silicone coating process is used. The simulated periosteum is formed on the top surface of the simulated bone cortex, and then liquid silicone or thermoplastic elastomer is injected into the overmolding mold through an injection molding machine to form simulated gums. The liquid silicone or thermoplastic elastomer used in the simulated periosteum has a higher hardness and toughness than Liquid silicone or thermoplastic elastomer is used to form simulated gums, and the thickness of the simulated periosteum formed on the top surface of the simulated bone cortex is smaller than the thickness of the simulated gums.
作为本发明的进一步改进，仿真骨皮质在成型时，在其底面上形成具有开口的填充空腔，在填充空腔内填充模拟骨松质材料的仿真骨松质，当多功能插件位于后牙区时，在填充空腔内填充仿真骨松质前，先制作模拟下颌管的仿真下颌管，在仿真下颌管内填充仿真血液或者红色硅胶，然后将仿真下颌管两端用蜡封口后固定安装在仿真骨皮质的填充腔体内侧，然后再向仿真骨皮质的填充空腔内填充仿真骨松质。As a further improvement of the present invention, when the simulated bone cortex is formed, a filling cavity with an opening is formed on its bottom surface, and the simulated bone cancellous material of the simulated bone cancellous material is filled in the filling cavity. When the multi-functional insert is located on the posterior teeth When filling the cavity, first make a simulated mandibular canal to simulate the mandibular canal before filling the cavity with simulated bone cancellous. Fill the simulated mandibular canal with simulated blood or red silicone, then seal both ends of the simulated mandibular canal with wax and fix it on the The inside of the cavity is filled with the simulated bone cortex, and then the simulated bone cancellous is filled into the filled cavity of the simulated bone cortex.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过在全口下颌模型的插件定位插槽内安装多功能插件，多功能插件可以根据需要形成仿真骨皮质、仿真骨膜、仿真牙龈、仿真骨松质和仿真下颌管，本发明的多功能插件解剖结构可以根据客户需求进行多种功能的扩展，满足不同实训的操作需求，同时本申请还可以形成一套与真实口腔结构匹配的口腔实训模型组件，学生进行实训练习时，可以由切开缝合开始，针对整个外科手术操作过程进行系统性的技能训练，使得学生实训操作训练高度模拟真实的口腔外科手术操作，本发明的仿真牙龈和仿真骨膜都是在仿真骨皮质上通过包胶成形的，大大提高了多功能插件的生产效率、保证了多功能插件精度和尺寸稳定性、降低了客户使用成，本发明制作的多功能插件能够根据需要形成各种结构，使用灵活性高，仿真效果好，能够满足各种实训需求，并能够有效提高学生实训技能。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by installing a multi-functional plug-in in the plug-in positioning slot of the full-mouth mandibular model, the multi-functional plug-in can form simulated bone cortex, simulated periosteum, simulated gums, simulated cancellous bone and simulated mandible as needed. Tube, the multifunctional plug-in anatomical structure of the present invention can be expanded with multiple functions according to customer needs to meet the operational needs of different trainings. At the same time, this application can also form a set of oral training model components that match the real oral structure. Students When conducting practical training, it can start with incision and suturing, and carry out systematic skill training for the entire surgical operation process, so that the students' practical training highly simulates real oral surgical operations. The simulated gums and simulated periosteum of the present invention are both It is formed by encapsulation on the simulated bone cortex, which greatly improves the production efficiency of the multi-function plug-in, ensures the accuracy and dimensional stability of the multi-function plug-in, and reduces the cost of use for customers. The multi-function plug-in produced by the invention can be formed as needed. Various structures, high flexibility of use, and good simulation effects can meet various practical training needs and can effectively improve students' practical training skills.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明的结构原理分解图；Figure 1 is an exploded view of the structural principle of the present invention;
图2为本发明的结构原理第一立体图；Figure 2 is a first perspective view of the structural principle of the present invention;
图3为本发明的结构原理第二立体图；Figure 3 is a second perspective view of the structural principle of the present invention;
图4为本发明的全口下颌模型立体图；Figure 4 is a three-dimensional view of the full-mouth mandibular model of the present invention;
图5为本发明的全口下颌模型主视图；Figure 5 is a front view of the full-mouth mandibular model of the present invention;
图6为本发明的多功能插件的顶部示意图；Figure 6 is a top schematic diagram of the multifunctional plug-in of the present invention;
图7为本发明的多功能插件填充第一种仿真骨松质材料的底部立体图；Figure 7 is a bottom perspective view of the first simulated cancellous bone material filled with the multifunctional plug-in of the present invention;
图8为本发明的多功能插件填充第二种仿真骨松质材料的底部立体图；Figure 8 is a bottom perspective view of the second simulated cancellous bone material filled with the multifunctional plug-in of the present invention;
图9为本发明的仿真下颌管在仿真骨皮质内的结构原理图；Figure 9 is a structural principle diagram of the simulated mandibular canal in the simulated bone cortex of the present invention;
图10为本发明的仿真骨皮质立体示意图；Figure 10 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the simulated bone cortex of the present invention;
图11为本发明的仿真骨皮质包覆仿真骨膜状态图；Figure 11 is a state diagram of the simulated bone cortex covering the simulated periosteum of the present invention;
图12为本发明的仿真下颌管立体图；Figure 12 is a three-dimensional view of the simulated mandibular canal of the present invention;
图13为本发明的多功能插件主视透视图；Figure 13 is a front perspective view of the multifunctional plug-in of the present invention;
图14为图13中A-A向剖视图；Figure 14 is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A in Figure 13;
图15为图13中B-B向剖视图；Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view along the line B-B in Figure 13;
图16为本发明的多功能插件仰视透视图；Figure 16 is a bottom perspective view of the multifunctional plug-in of the present invention;
图17为图16中C-C向剖视图；Figure 17 is a cross-sectional view along C-C in Figure 16;
图18为图16中D-D向剖视图。Fig. 18 is a cross-sectional view along the line D-D in Fig. 16.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例：一种可扩展解剖结构功能的口腔实训模型组件，包括全口下颌模型1和多功能插件2，所述全口下颌模型1上设有插件定位插槽11，所述多功能插件2能够固定插设于所述插件定位插槽11内，所述多功能插件2包括模拟骨皮质的仿真骨皮质21和仿真牙龈22，所述仿真骨皮质21底面上设有能够与全口下颌模型1上的插件定位插槽11底面固定连接的连接结构，软胶材质的仿真牙龈22包覆于仿真骨皮质21顶面表面，且仿真牙龈22的边缘与仿真骨皮质21的凸缘对齐。Embodiment: An oral training model component with expandable anatomical structure functions, including a full-mouth mandibular model 1 and a multi-functional plug-in 2. The full-mouth mandibular model 1 is provided with a plug-in positioning slot 11, and the multi-functional plug-in 2 can be fixedly inserted into the plug-in positioning slot 11. The multi-functional plug-in 2 includes a simulated bone cortex 21 and a simulated gum 22 that simulate the bone cortex. The bottom surface of the plug-in positioning slot 11 on the model 1 is a fixed connection structure. The simulated gum 22 made of soft rubber covers the top surface of the simulated bone cortex 21, and the edge of the simulated gum 22 is aligned with the flange of the simulated bone cortex 21.
所述仿真骨皮质21顶面表面涂覆有粘结前处理剂。The top surface of the simulated bone cortex 21 is coated with a bonding pretreatment agent.
在不同的实训中，牙龈翻瓣手术对牙龈和骨皮质的结合强度有不同要求，可以根据实训的需要采用不同的粘结前处理剂，进而调节骨皮质和牙龈的结合强度。In different trainings, gingival flap surgery has different requirements for the bonding strength between the gums and the bone cortex. Different bonding pretreatment agents can be used according to the needs of the training to adjust the bonding strength between the bone cortex and the gums.
所述仿真牙龈22朝向仿真骨皮质21一侧固定复合有仿真骨膜23，所述仿真骨膜23为硬度和韧性均大于仿真牙龈22的软胶制作而成，所述仿真骨膜23厚度小于仿真牙龈22厚度。通过在包胶仿真牙龈22前增加仿真骨膜23，这样在切开、翻瓣、减张、缝合牙龈时手感及解剖外形上更加逼真，仿真骨膜23选择与仿真牙龈22相同类型的软胶材料进行注胶制作，不过，仿真骨膜23所用的软胶材料需要比用于成型仿真牙龈22的软胶材料硬度高些且韧性更好些，仿真骨膜23厚度较薄，一般约0.3mm，具有仿真骨皮质21、仿真骨膜23和仿真牙龈22的多功能插件2即“切开缝合实训用模型插件”，可以开展牙龈切开、翻瓣、减张、缝合等实训课程。The simulated gum 22 is fixed and compounded with a simulated periosteum 23 on one side facing the simulated bone cortex 21. The simulated periosteum 23 is made of soft rubber with greater hardness and toughness than the simulated gum 22. The thickness of the simulated periosteum 23 is smaller than that of the simulated gum 22. thickness. By adding simulated periosteum 23 in front of the rubber-coated simulated gums 22, the feel and anatomical shape will be more realistic when incision, flap, tension reduction, and suturing of the gums. The same type of soft rubber material as the simulated gums 22 is selected for the simulated periosteum 23. It is made by injecting glue. However, the soft rubber material used for the simulated periosteum 23 needs to be harder and more tough than the soft rubber material used to form the simulated gums 22. The thickness of the simulated periosteum 23 is thinner, generally about 0.3mm, and has simulated bone cortex. 21. The multifunctional plug-in 2 of simulated periosteum 23 and simulated gingiva 22 is the "model plug-in for incision and suturing training", which can carry out practical training courses such as gingival incision, flap, tension reduction and suturing.
所述仿真骨皮质21内侧形成有填充空腔211，所述填充空腔211内填充有松软材料制备而成的仿真骨松质24。在仿真骨皮质21内形成填充空腔211，在填充空腔211内填充材质比较松软的仿真骨松质24。采用这样的模型开展口腔种植手术的实训时，可以模拟钻头从硬质的骨皮质突破钻入骨松质时的那种落空的手感、以及在种植体植入时，模拟在骨皮质表面开孔处攻牙攻入种植钉，进入骨松质过程中那种扭矩由紧变松的手感。A filling cavity 211 is formed on the inside of the simulated bone cortex 21 , and the filling cavity 211 is filled with simulated bone cancellous 24 made of soft material. A filling cavity 211 is formed in the artificial bone cortex 21 , and the filling cavity 211 is filled with artificial bone cancellous material 24 which is relatively soft. When using such a model to carry out oral implant surgery training, it can simulate the boring feel of the drill bit when it breaks through the hard bone cortex and drills into the cancellous bone, and simulates opening holes on the surface of the bone cortex when implants are implanted. When the implant nail is tapped into the tooth, the torque will change from tight to loose during the process of entering the cancellous bone.
所述仿真骨皮质21的底面上形成有与填充空腔211连通的填充开口，所述仿真骨皮质21底面上间隔的设有至少两个螺纹孔212，所述各个螺纹孔212均匀分布于填充开口外围，所述全口下颌模型1上的插件定位插槽11底面上设有至少两个过孔12，所述过孔12与仿真骨皮质21底面上的螺纹孔212一一正对设置，所述过孔12内穿设有螺丝3，所述螺丝3能够与仿真骨皮质21底面上的螺纹孔212螺纹连接。螺纹孔212分布在仿真骨皮质21的填充开口两侧，而不是一个螺丝3孔在中央，这样就为后续增加口腔种植手术需要的结构留出了空间。A filling opening connected to the filling cavity 211 is formed on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex 21. At least two threaded holes 212 are spaced on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex 21. Each of the threaded holes 212 is evenly distributed in the filling cavity. At the periphery of the opening, at least two through holes 12 are provided on the bottom surface of the plug-in positioning slot 11 on the full-mouth mandibular model 1. The through holes 12 are opposite to the threaded holes 212 on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex 21. Screws 3 are inserted through the through holes 12 , and the screws 3 can be threadedly connected to the threaded holes 212 on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex 21. The threaded holes 212 are distributed on both sides of the filling opening of the simulated bone cortex 21 instead of having a screw hole 3 in the center, thus leaving space for the subsequent addition of structures required for oral implant surgery.
还设有中空的仿真下颌管25，所述仿真下颌管25内填充有仿真血液或者红色硅胶，仿真下颌管25两端开口封闭，且仿真下颌管25两端与仿真骨皮质21的填充空腔211内侧壁固定连接，仿真下颌管25埋设于仿真骨松质24内。A hollow simulated mandibular canal 25 is also provided. The simulated mandibular canal 25 is filled with simulated blood or red silica gel. The openings at both ends of the simulated mandibular canal 25 are closed, and the two ends of the simulated mandibular canal 25 are filled with the simulated bone cortex 21. The inner wall of 211 is fixedly connected, and the simulated mandibular canal 25 is embedded in the simulated cancellous bone 24 .
作为下颌模型的插件，临床上在后牙区的下颌骨内，有下颌管这根骨性管道，管道内有下牙槽动脉、静脉、神经穿过。本申请设计出空心的仿真下颌管25，仿真下颌管25内封闭有仿真血液或者红色硅胶来模拟血管，如果种植手术实训时侵犯了仿真下颌管25，会有红色液体或物质被带出，可以提高实训的仿真度。如图13所示，如果学生植入种植钉的位点不对或选择种植钉4的长度太长，都会侵犯破坏仿真下颌管25，模拟医疗事故。如果一定要在指点的位点上放置种植钉，这个位点的牙槽骨骨皮质表面又离下颌管很近，即使最短的种植钉也不行的话，老师就可以在我们的这个模型插件开展种植植骨这种更为高阶的实训课程。As a plug-in for the mandibular model, clinically, there is a bony tube called the mandibular canal in the mandible in the posterior teeth area, and the inferior alveolar artery, vein, and nerve pass through the tube. This application designs a hollow simulated mandibular canal 25. The simulated mandibular canal 25 is sealed with simulated blood or red silicone to simulate blood vessels. If the simulated mandibular canal 25 is violated during implant surgery training, red liquid or substances will be brought out. It can improve the simulation degree of practical training. As shown in Figure 13, if the student implants the implant nail at the wrong location or chooses the length of the implant nail 4 to be too long, the simulated mandibular canal 25 will be violated and destroyed, simulating a medical accident. If the implant nail must be placed at the pointed position, and the alveolar bone cortical surface at this position is very close to the mandibular canal, even the shortest implant nail cannot be used, the teacher can implant it using our model plug-in Bone grafting is a more advanced practical training course.
一种可扩展解剖结构功能的口腔实训模型组件的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：A production process for oral training model components that can expand anatomical structure functions, including the following steps:
步骤一：制作全口下颌模型1，并在下颌模型上成型出至少一个插件定位插槽11，在插件定位插槽11底面上加工出过孔12，全口下颌模型1可以通过3d打印、硅胶模具浇注或金属模具注塑成型，采用哪种成型方法进行制作一般根据用户的需求量来定，因为全口下颌模型1在实训时不是消耗品，所以需求量一般不太大，但要求耐用，最佳采用硅胶模具浇注，使用的材料最佳为聚氨酯或环氧树脂。如果需求量很少但交货又很急可以3d打印生产。如果需求量很大，可以开金属模具注塑生产，因只是实训时的支撑结构件，注塑生产时，材料可以选用ABS、HIPS、PC等通用的尺寸稳定性比较好的热塑性塑料即可；Step 1: Make a full-mouth mandibular model 1, and form at least one plug-in positioning slot 11 on the mandibular model, and process a through hole 12 on the bottom surface of the plug-in positioning slot 11. The full-mouth mandibular model 1 can be made by 3D printing, silicone Mold pouring or metal mold injection molding, which molding method is used generally depends on the user's demand. Because the full-mouth mandibular model 1 is not a consumable during training, the demand is generally not large, but it is required to be durable. It is best to use silicone molds for casting, and the best materials used are polyurethane or epoxy resin. If the demand is small but delivery is urgent, 3D printing can be used. If the demand is large, metal molds can be used for injection molding production, because they are only supporting structural parts for training. During injection molding production, general thermoplastics with good dimensional stability such as ABS, HIPS, and PC can be used as materials;
步骤二：制作多功能插件2：Step 2: Make a multi-function plug-in 2:
(1)通过硬质材料制作仿真骨皮质21，仿真骨皮质21最佳选用改性热固性塑料注塑成型，成型时在其底面上一体形成具有开口的填充空腔211，因为仿真骨皮质21是最基础的零件，所以最佳采用开金属模具并用注塑机注射成形这类大批量生产工艺，然后在仿真骨皮质21底面上内嵌螺母2121或攻螺牙，内嵌螺母2121是预埋在成形模具中与仿真骨皮质一体成型的，攻螺牙是仿真骨皮质出模后进行的，内嵌螺母2121或攻螺牙两种方式可以根据需要形成仿真骨皮质21底部的螺纹孔212，根据实训的需要选择不同结合强度的粘结前处理剂，然后将粘结前处理剂涂覆在仿真骨皮质21顶面上；(1) The simulated bone cortex 21 is made of hard materials. The simulated bone cortex 21 is preferably injection molded from a modified thermosetting plastic. During molding, a filling cavity 211 with an opening is integrally formed on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex 21 because the simulated bone cortex 21 is the most It is a basic part, so it is best to use a mass production process such as opening a metal mold and injection molding with an injection molding machine, and then inserting nuts 2121 or tapping threads on the bottom surface of the simulated bone cortex 21. The embedded nuts 2121 are pre-embedded in the forming mold. The center is integrally formed with the simulated bone cortex. The tapping is performed after the simulated bone cortex is taken out of the mold. The threaded hole 212 at the bottom of the simulated bone cortex 21 can be formed as needed by either inserting the nut 2121 or tapping the thread. According to practical training It is necessary to select bonding pre-treatment agents with different bonding strengths, and then apply the bonding pre-treatment agent on the top surface of the simulated bone cortex 21;
(2)将仿真骨皮质21放入包胶模具中，先在仿真骨皮质21顶端表面形成仿真骨膜23，形成方式为通过注塑机向包胶模具内注入液体硅胶(LSR)或者热塑性弹性体(TPE)，也可以采用液体硅胶(LSR)涂覆工艺形成仿真骨膜23，然后再通过注塑机向包胶模具内注入液体硅胶(LSR)或者热塑性弹性体(TPE)的方式在仿真骨膜23表面形成仿真牙龈22，并利用包胶模具使仿真牙龈22的边缘止于骨皮质的凸缘，其中仿真骨膜23所用的液体硅胶(LSR)或者热塑性弹性体(TPE)的硬度和韧性都高于用于成型仿真牙龈22的液体硅胶(LSR)或者热塑性弹性体(TPE)，且仿真骨皮质21顶端表面形成的仿真骨膜23厚度小于仿真牙龈22厚度；(2) Put the simulated bone cortex 21 into the overmolding mold, and first form the simulated periosteum 23 on the top surface of the simulated bone cortex 21 by injecting liquid silicone (LSR) or thermoplastic elastomer ( TPE), you can also use a liquid silicone (LSR) coating process to form the simulated periosteum 23, and then use an injection molding machine to inject liquid silicone (LSR) or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) into the overmolding mold to form on the surface of the simulated periosteum 23 Simulate the gingiva 22, and use the overmolding mold to make the edge of the simulated gingiva 22 stop at the flange of the bone cortex. The liquid silicone (LSR) or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) used in the simulated periosteum 23 has a higher hardness and toughness than the one used for the simulated periosteum 23. Liquid silicone (LSR) or thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) is used to mold the simulated gum 22, and the thickness of the simulated periosteum 23 formed on the top surface of the simulated bone cortex 21 is smaller than the thickness of the simulated gum 22;
(3)在仿真骨皮质21的填充空腔211内填充模拟骨松质材料的仿真骨松质24，当多功能插件2位于后牙区时，在填充空腔211内填充仿真骨松质24前，先制作模拟下颌管的仿真下颌管25，在仿真下颌管25内填充仿真血液或者红色硅胶，然后将仿真下颌管25两端用蜡封口后固定安装在仿真骨皮质21的填充腔体内侧，然后再向仿真骨皮质21的填充空腔211内填充仿真骨松质24。(3) Fill the filling cavity 211 of the simulated bone cortex 21 with the simulated cancellous bone material 24. When the multi-functional insert 2 is located in the posterior tooth area, fill the filling cavity 211 with the simulated cancellous bone 24. Before, first make a simulated mandibular canal 25 that simulates the mandibular canal, fill the simulated mandibular canal 25 with simulated blood or red silica gel, and then seal both ends of the simulated mandibular canal 25 with wax and fix it on the inside of the filling cavity of the simulated bone cortex 21 , and then fill the filling cavity 211 of the simulated bone cortex 21 with the simulated cancellous bone 24 .
步骤三：将多功能插件2插入全口下颌模型1的插件定位插槽11内并通过螺丝3固定。Step 3: Insert the multi-function plug-in 2 into the plug-in positioning slot 11 of the full-mouth mandibular model 1 and fix it with screws 3.
进而多功能插件2与全口下颌模型1形成一个口腔实训模型组件整体，进行口腔实训操作时，将这个口腔实训模型组件整体安装到仿头模系统上进行实训操作即可。Furthermore, the multi-functional plug-in 2 and the full-mouth mandibular model 1 form an oral training model component as a whole. When performing oral training operations, the entire oral training model component can be installed on the simulated head model system for practical training operations.
实现切开缝合这个最基本功能的仿真牙龈22和仿真骨皮质21两个零件，因为市场需求量大，采用的是开金属模具注塑机批量低成本注射生产，仿真牙龈22和仿真骨皮质21的结合也是在牙龈成形的同时包胶成形完成的。大大提高了生产效率、保证了产品精度和尺寸稳定性、降低了客户使用成本。这是传统的浇注、粘结生产工艺无法达到的。The two parts, simulated gums 22 and simulated cortical bone 21, which realize the most basic function of incision and suturing, are produced in batches with low-cost injection using metal mold injection molding machines due to the large market demand. The simulated gums 22 and simulated cortical bone 21 are The bonding is also completed by encapsulation molding at the same time as the gums are formed. It greatly improves production efficiency, ensures product accuracy and dimensional stability, and reduces customer usage costs. This is something that traditional pouring and bonding production processes cannot achieve.
仿真骨皮质21的成型材料最佳选用改性热固性塑料，例如密胺树脂、尿素树脂、环氧树脂、聚氨酯等，这类塑料相比热塑性塑料，在切削性上更接近天然骨，手感和切削屑的外观更接近于实际临床，在仿真骨皮质21上涂覆粘结前处理剂后，包胶后软组织和仿真骨皮质21间具有和真人软组织和骨皮质的结合强度，仿真骨皮质21和仿真牙龈22，或者仿真骨皮质21和仿真骨膜23的结合强度可以根据客户要求而不同。有的客户因为培训或考试的时长有限制，不希望在仿真牙龈22和仿真骨皮质21分离操作(如翻瓣术)上花太多时间，所以希望结合强度能低于实际临床，这样就可以使口腔实训模型可以根据实际情况进行灵活选择，相对于传统单一粘接强度的方式更具有使用灵活性。The best molding materials for simulated bone cortex 21 are modified thermosetting plastics, such as melamine resin, urea resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, etc. Compared with thermoplastic plastics, these plastics are closer to natural bone in terms of cutting performance, feel and cutting performance. The appearance of the chips is closer to actual clinical practice. After coating the bonding pretreatment agent on the simulated bone cortex 21, the bonding strength between the soft tissue and the simulated bone cortex 21 after encapsulation is the same as that of real soft tissue and bone cortex. The simulated bone cortex 21 and The bonding strength of the simulated gingiva 22, or the simulated bone cortex 21 and the simulated periosteum 23, can vary according to customer requirements. Some customers do not want to spend too much time on the separation operation (such as flap surgery) of the simulated gingiva 22 and the simulated bone cortex 21 due to the time limit of training or examination, so they hope that the bonding intensity can be lower than that in actual clinical practice, so that The oral training model can be flexibly selected according to the actual situation, and is more flexible in use than the traditional single bonding strength method.
根据客户需要，可以选择是否要包胶成形仿真骨膜23，如果不需要此步骤可省，如果需要，可以采用两种工艺在仿真骨皮质21上形成仿真骨膜23：According to the needs of the customer, you can choose whether to encapsulate the simulated periosteum 23. If this step is not required, you can omit it. If necessary, you can use two processes to form the simulated periosteum 23 on the simulated bone cortex 21:
a)如果客户需要量很大或对仿真骨膜23厚度的要求单一且确定的，采用金属模具，预先把仿真骨皮质21放入模具中，通过注射软胶包胶成形的方法，将硬度较高、韧性更好的LSR(液体硅胶)或者TPE(热塑性弹性体)注入金属模具内，在仿真骨皮质21上包胶形成仿真骨膜23，该种方式生产效率高；a) If the customer needs a large amount or has a single and definite requirement for the thickness of the simulated periosteum 23, use a metal mold, put the simulated bone cortex 21 into the mold in advance, and mold the higher hardness into the mold by injecting soft rubber. , LSR (liquid silicone) or TPE (thermoplastic elastomer) with better toughness is injected into the metal mold, and the simulated bone cortex 21 is covered with glue to form the simulated periosteum 23. This method has high production efficiency;
b)如果客户需要量小或对仿真骨膜23厚度有特殊要求，可以采用硅胶涂覆的工艺在仿真骨皮质21上形成一层仿真骨膜23，该种方式容易根据客户需要灵活调整骨膜厚度和质地，这两种方式都比传统的全手工制作的效率高。b) If the customer needs a small quantity or has special requirements for the thickness of the simulated periosteum 23, a silicone coating process can be used to form a layer of simulated periosteum 23 on the simulated bone cortex 21. This method makes it easy to flexibly adjust the thickness and texture of the periosteum according to customer needs. , both methods are more efficient than traditional full-hand production.
仿真骨膜23和仿真牙龈22采用的是不同硬度和韧性的同类软胶材料，要么都是硅胶、要么都是TPE(热塑性弹性体)，仿真牙龈22采用更接近天然牙龈质地、较柔软、硬度较低、有一定韧性的软胶品种，仿真骨膜23采用更接近天然骨膜质地、硬度较高，韧性比较高的软胶品种。因为是同类软胶，仿真牙龈22和仿真骨膜23两者的结合面可以融为一体。在工艺上，仿真牙龈22是利用同一个金属模具，在牙龈成形的同时，对已经包覆了仿真骨膜23的仿真骨皮质21进行第二次包胶成形，生产效率高，产品精度能保证。本申请的仿真骨膜23和仿真牙龈22生产方式，相较于采用纤维网布粘贴在仿真骨皮质21上再覆盖一层软胶的生产方式，本申请生产效率更高，且成型精度也更高。The simulated periosteum 23 and the simulated gums 22 are made of similar soft rubber materials with different hardness and toughness, either silicone or TPE (thermoplastic elastomer). The simulated gums 22 are made of materials that are closer to the natural gum texture, softer and harder. A soft rubber variety with low hardness and a certain degree of toughness. Simulated periosteum 23 uses a soft rubber variety that is closer to the texture of natural periosteum, has higher hardness, and has relatively high toughness. Because they are soft glues of the same type, the joint surfaces of the artificial gingiva 22 and the artificial periosteum 23 can be integrated into one body. In terms of technology, the simulated gums 22 use the same metal mold. While the gums are being formed, the simulated bone cortex 21 that has been covered with the simulated periosteum 23 is molded for a second time. The production efficiency is high and the product accuracy can be guaranteed. The production method of the simulated periosteum 23 and simulated gingiva 22 in this application is higher in production efficiency and the molding accuracy is higher than the production method in which fiber mesh is pasted on the simulated bone cortex 21 and then covered with a layer of soft glue. .
如果有开展种植实训的需求，就需要增加仿真骨松质24这种解剖结构。仿真骨松质24的成形方法是：在仿真骨皮质21的填充腔体内浇注相比于骨皮质更容易切削的材料，进而来模拟骨松质。仿真骨松质24的材料可以选用发泡聚氨酯，或其他改性后材质较松散的材料。具有仿真骨松质24材料的多功能插件2即“切开缝合种植实训用模型插件”，可以增加牙槽嵴修整、定位、备孔、植入种植体、种植体修复、植骨等一系列种植、修复手术的实训课程。当希望增加下颌管特征使得在下颌后牙区的种植手术实训更逼真时，可以在仿真骨皮质21的填充空腔211内安装仿真下颌管25，由于下颌管形态特殊，仿真下颌管25最佳采用3d打印成形，下颌管内可以注入仿真血液或注入红色的液体硅胶，其两端用蜡封口，也可以用其他结构或物质进行封口，其两端用蜡封口后，待红色的液体硅胶凝固后，仿真下颌管25呈血管质地。仿真血液最佳采用凝胶类材料，不容易从封口处渗出。在仿真骨松质24材料未浇注前，仿真下颌管25通过粘结方式(或热熔或螺丝3连接等其他连接方式)装配到仿真骨皮质21的填充腔体内，粘结固位后，注入仿真骨松质24材料即可。最后形成的产品即“带下颌管的切开缝合种植实训用模型插件”。If there is a need to carry out implant training, it is necessary to add anatomical structures such as simulated cancellous bone 24. The forming method of the simulated cancellous bone 24 is: pouring a material that is easier to cut than the bone cortex into the filling cavity of the simulated bone cortex 21 to simulate cancellous bone. The material of the simulated cancellous bone 24 can be foamed polyurethane or other modified materials with looser texture. The multifunctional plug-in 2 with simulated cancellous 24 material is the "model plug-in for incision and suture implant training", which can add alveolar ridge trimming, positioning, hole preparation, implant placement, implant repair, bone grafting, etc. Practical training courses for series of implant and restorative surgeries. When it is desired to increase the characteristics of the mandibular canal to make the implant surgery training in the posterior mandibular area more realistic, the simulated mandibular canal 25 can be installed in the filling cavity 211 of the simulated bone cortex 21. Due to the special shape of the mandibular canal, the simulated mandibular canal 25 is the most suitable. It is best to use 3D printing. Simulated blood or red liquid silicone can be injected into the mandibular canal, and its two ends are sealed with wax. It can also be sealed with other structures or substances. After its two ends are sealed with wax, the red liquid silicone solidifies. Finally, the simulated mandibular canal 25 has a blood vessel texture. It is best to use gel material for simulated blood, which is not easy to seep out from the seal. Before the simulated cancellous bone 24 material is poured, the simulated mandibular canal 25 is assembled into the filling cavity of the simulated bone cortex 21 through bonding (or other connection methods such as hot melt or screw 3 connection). After bonding and retention, the injection The simulated bone cancellous 24 material can be used. The final product is the “model plug-in for incision and suture implant training with mandibular canal”.
本发明的口腔实训模型插件，是完全3d数字化设计的，且主要解剖结构都是通过金属模具或3d打印制造的，所以解剖结构尺寸以及各结构间的距离是非常精确的，这些尺寸距离位置的数值提供给客户，客户无需对模型拍摄CT片，就能进行精确的临床手术模拟操作。且由于本发明的模型插件各零件使用的材料是可以通过X线清晰显影的，客户想利用本模型进行口腔影像学的实训也是完全可以的。传统的模型零件因为多是通过手工成形后再装配在一起，尺寸精度没法保证，只能通过拍CT才能确定解剖结构尺寸和各结构间距离，但因为使用的材料往往是市场上的通用材料，无法通过拍CT获得清晰的显影。The oral training model plug-in of the present invention is completely 3D digitally designed, and the main anatomical structures are manufactured through metal molds or 3D printing. Therefore, the size of the anatomical structures and the distance between each structure are very accurate. These size distances and positions The numerical value is provided to customers, and customers can perform accurate clinical surgical simulation operations without taking CT films of the model. And since the materials used in each part of the model plug-in of the present invention can be clearly visualized by X-rays, it is entirely possible for customers to use this model for oral imaging training. Because traditional model parts are mostly formed by hand and then assembled together, the dimensional accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The size of the anatomical structure and the distance between each structure can only be determined by taking CT, but because the materials used are often common materials on the market. , unable to obtain clear development through CT.
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310971783.7ACN117198127A (en) | 2023-08-03 | 2023-08-03 | Oral cavity training model component capable of expanding anatomic structure function and production process thereof |
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310971783.7ACN117198127A (en) | 2023-08-03 | 2023-08-03 | Oral cavity training model component capable of expanding anatomic structure function and production process thereof |
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN117198127Atrue CN117198127A (en) | 2023-12-08 |
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202310971783.7APendingCN117198127A (en) | 2023-08-03 | 2023-08-03 | Oral cavity training model component capable of expanding anatomic structure function and production process thereof |
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